GLOSSARY
Note: Last terms frequent in compounds are found in their proper place alphabetically. The accent is indicated only in those words accented on the penult; all others are accented on the antepenult, or recessively.
abundance, the total number of individuals in an area.
acospore(ἀκή, point), a plant with awned disseminules.
acrophyti´um(ἄκρον, peak), an alpine plant formation.
acti´um(ἀκτή, rocky coast), a rocky seashore formation;actad, plant of a rocky seashore.
-ad(-αδης, patronymic suffix), suffix for denoting an ecad.
adaptable, able to originate ecads;adaptation, the structural response to stimuli.
adjustment, the functional response to stimuli.
adventicious(adventicius, foreign), invading from distant formations.
adventive(adventivus, accidental), established temporarily.
aggregation, the coming together of plants into groups.
agi´um(ἀγή, beach), a beach formation;agad, a beach plant.
agri´um(ἀγρός, field), a culture formation;agrad, a cultivated plant.
aiphyti´um(ἀεί, permanent), an ultimate formation.
alsi´um(ἄλσος, grove), a grove formation;alsad, a grove plant.
alternation, the heterogeneous arrangement of plant groups and formations universally present in vegetation.
amathi´um(ἄμαθος, sand of the plain), a sand-hill or sandplain formation;amathad, a sand-hill plant.
ammochthi´um(ἄμμος, sand, ὄχθη, bank), a sand bank formation;ammochthad, a sand bank plant.
anci´um(ἄγκος, mountain glen), a canyon formation;ancad, a canyon plant.
anemi´um(ἄνεμος, wind), a blowout formation;anemad, a blowout plant;anemochore, a plant distributed by wind.
-anum(locative suffix), a suffix denoting a layer.
apostrophe(ἀπό, away from, στροφή, a turning), the arrangement of the row of chloroplasts parallel to the rays of light.
apparent noon, the time when the sun crosses the meridian, i. e., sun noon as distinguished from noon, standard time.
-ard(ἄρδον, water of the land), combining term for water-content;ardium, a succession due to irrigation.
ardesiacus, slate colored.
-are(locative suffix), suffix denoting a community.
aspect(aspectus, appearance), the seasonal impress of a formation, e.g., the spring aspect.
association, the arrangement of individuals in vegetation.
atmometer(ἀτμός, vapor), an instrument for measuring evaporation.
atropurpureus, dark purple.
atrovirens, dark green.
autochore(αὐτός, self), motile plants, or those with motile spores;autochthonous(χθών, ground), native.
avellaneus, drab.
barrier, a physical or biological obstacle to migration or ecesis.
bathyphyti´um(βαθύς, low), a lowland plant formation.
blastochore(βλάστη, growth), a plant distributed by offshoots.
-bole(βολή, a throw), combining term for propulsion;bolochore, a plant distributed by propulsion.
broti´um(βροτός, mortal), a succession caused by man;brotochore, a plant distributed by man.
caeruleus, pale blue.
caesius, eye-blue.
camni´um(κάμνω, cultivate), a succession due to cultivation.
carphospore(κάρφος, scale), a plant with disseminules possessing a scaly or chaffy pappus.
carpostrote(καρπός, fruit), a plant migrating by means of fruits.
centrospore(κέντρον, spur), a plant with spiny disseminules.
chalici´um(χάλιξ, gravel), a gravel slide formation;chalicad, a gravel slide plant.
cheradi´um(χέραδος, a sandbar), a wet sandbar formation;cheradad, a wet sandbar plant.
chersi´um(χέρσος, dry barren waste), a dry waste formation;chersad, plant of a dry waste.
chioni´um(χιών, όνος, snow), a snow formation;chionad, a snow plant;chionophyti´um, a niveal plant formation.
chledi´um(χλῆδος, rubbish), a ruderal formation;chledad, a ruderal plant.
chlorenchym(χλωρός, greenish yellow, ἐνχύμα, infusion), the chlorophyll tissue of the leaf.
-chore(χωρέω, to spread abroad), combining term to denote agent of migration.
chresard(χρῆσις, use), the available water of the soil, the physiological water-content.
clitochore(κλίτος, slope), a plant distributed by gravity.
clysi´um(κλύσις, a flooding), a succession in a flooded soil.
-colus(κόλος, dwelling in), combining term for habitat forms.
community, a mixture of the individuals of two or more species, a group of families.
comospore(κόμη, hair) a plant with hairy or silky disseminules.
competition, the relation between plants occupying the same area, and dependent upon the same supply of physical factors.
consocies, that subdivision of a formation controlled by a facies.
copious, used of species in which the individuals are arranged closely but uniformly.
coryphi´um(κορυφή, peak), an alpine meadow formation;coryphad, an alpine meadow plant.
creatospore(κρέας, ατος, meat), a plant with nut fruits.
cremni´um(κρημνός, crag, cliff), a cliff formation;cremnad, a cliff plant.
creni´um(κρήνη, spring), a spring formation;crenad, a spring plant.
crymi´um(κρυμός, frost), a polar barren formation;crymad, a polar plant;crymophytic, pertaining to polar plants.
crystallochore(κρύσταλλος, ice), a plant distributed by glaciers.
cyaneus, azure.
cyriodoche(κύριος, regular), a normal succession.
dendri´um(δένδρα, fruit trees), an orchard formation;dendrad, an orchard plant.
derived, coming from other formations or regions, not native.
diphotic(δι-, two), the two surfaces unequally lighted;diphotophyll, a leaf differentiated into palisade and sponge tissues owing to unequal illumination.
diplophyll(διπλόος, twofold), an isophotic leaf with water-storage cells in the middle.
disseminule(semen, seed), a seed fruit modified for migration.
dissophyte(δισσός, double), a plant with xerophytic leaves and stems, and mesophytic roots.
-doche(δοχή, succession), succession.
drimi´um(δριμύς, biting, pungent), an alkaline habitat, and the corresponding formation;drimad, a plant of such a formation.
driodi´um(δρίος, thicket), a dry thicket formation;driodad, plant of a dry thicket.
dysgeogenous(δυς-, bad, γῆ, soil), weathering with difficulty to form soil.
ecad(οἶκος, home), a habitat form due to origin by adaptation;ece´sis(οἰκῆσις, act of coming to be at home), the germination and establishment of invaders;ecograph, an instrument for measuring a physical factor of a habitat;ecotone(τόνος, tension), the tension line between two zones, formations, consocies, etc.
ecballi´um, (ἐκβάλλω, cut down forests), a succession due to lumbering.
echard(ἔχω, to withhold), the non-available water of the soil.
edobole(οἶδος, swelling), a plant whose seeds are scattered by propulsion through turgescence.
efficient difference, the amount of a physical factor necessary to produce a change in the response.
enauli´um(ἔναυλος, hollow channel), a sanddraw formation;enaulad, a sanddraw plant.
ende´mic(ἐν, within, δῆμος, district), occurring in a single formation, or natural region;ende´mism, the condition of growing in but one natural area.
epistrophe(ἐπί, towards, στροφή, a turning), the arrangement of the row of chloroplasts at right angles to the incident light.
eremi´um(ἔρημος, desert), a desert formation;eremad, a desert plant.
estival, pertaining to summer.
-etum(locative suffix), suffix used to denote a consocies.
eugeogenous(εὖ-, well, γῆ, soil), weathering readily to form soil.
facies, a dominant species of a formation: a distinct area controlled by it is a consocies.
family, a group of individuals belonging to one species.
fixity, the condition characterized by little or no response to stimuli.
flavovirens, yellow green.
forewold, equivalent to the German “vorwald,” the thicket zone bordering a forest.
-genous(γένω, to produce), producing.
geotome(γῆ, earth, τομή, edge), an instrument for obtaining soil samples.
gloeospore(γλοιός, sticky stuff), a plant with viscid disseminules.
-graph(γραφή, a writing), combining term for a recording instrument.
gregarious(gregarius, grouped in herds), used of species in which the individuals occur in groups.
habitat, a definite physical area characterized by a formation;habitat form, the impress given the plant by the habitat.
harmosis(ἅρμοσις, an adapting), response to stimuli, comprising both adjustment and adaptation.
hedi´um(ἕδος, a sitting, base), a succession in a residuary soil.
heliad(ἥλιος, sun), a heliophyte;heliophyll, the leaf of a sun plant;heliophyte, a sun plant;heliophyti´um, a sun plant formation;heliophilous, sun-loving.
heli´um(ἕλος, marsh), a marsh formation;helad, a marsh plant;helodi´um(ἑλώδης, marshy), a swampy open woodland formation;helodad, a marsh plant;helodrium(δρίος, thicket), a thicket formation;helodrad, a plant of a marshy thicket;helohyli´um(ὕλη, forest) a marsh forest formation;helohylad, a marsh forest plant.
hepodoche(ἕπω, follow), a secondary succession.
hizometer(ἵζω, to sink), an instrument for measuring gravitation water.
holard(ὅλος, whole), the total water-content of the soil.
hydrad(ὑδρο-, water), a hydrophyte;hydrochore, a plant distributed by water;hydroharmose, response to water stimuli;hydrophyll, the leaf of a hydrophyte;hydrophyte, a water plant;hydrophyti´um, a water plant formation;hydrophilous, water-loving;hydrosta´tic(στατικός, standing), completing the succession under hydrophytic conditions;hydrotropic(τροπικός, turning), applied to successions which become mesophytic.
hygrome´tric(ὑγρίς, wet), measuring or absorbing water;hygroscopic(σκοπέω, look), measurable only by a hygroscope; able to absorb moisture.
hyli´um(ὕλη, forest), a forest formation;hylad, a forest plant;hylocolum, dwelling in a forest;hylodi´um(ὑλώδης, wooded), a dry open woodland formation;hylodad, a plant of this formation;hylophyte, a forest plant.
hypsi´um(ὕψος, elevation), a succession caused by elevation.
-ile(locative affix), suffix denoting a society.
immobile, without effective devices for migration.
indigenous(indigena, sprung from the land), native.
insolation, exposure to intense heat and light.
isabellinus, leather-colored.
isolation, separation by barriers.
isopho´tic(ἴσος, equal), equally illuminated;isophotophyll, a leaf in which both halves of the chlorenchym are alike, due to equal illumination.
-ium(-εῖον, locative affix), suffix denoting a formation.
labile, plastic, easily modified.
lauri´um(λαύρα, drain), a drain formation;laurad, a drain plant.
limni´um(λίμνη, lake), a lake formation;limnad, a lake plant;limnodium(λιμνῶδες, marshy ground), a salt marsh formation;limnodad, a plant of a salt marsh.
lochmi´um(λόχμη, thicket), a thicket formation;lochmad, a thicket plant.
lophi´um(λόφος, crest, hill), a hill formation;lophad, a hill plant;lophospore, a plant with plumose disseminules.
mastigospore(μάστιξ, ιγος, lash), a plant with ciliate or flagellate disseminules.
melleus, honey-colored.
meridian, used chiefly as a synonym for apparent noon; also an imaginary line of longitude.
mesad(μέσος, middle), a mesophyte;mesophilous, growing in moist soils;mesophyll, the leaf of a mesophyte;mesophyte, a plant of moist soils;mesophyti´um, a mesophytic formation;mesosta´tic(στατικίς, standing), completing the succession under mesophytic conditions;mesotro´pic(τροπικός, turning), applied to successions which become mesophytic.
-meter(μέτρον, measure), combining term for instrument.
micti´um(μικτόν, mixture), a mixed formation.
migrant, a plant that is migrating or invading.
migration(migratio, removal), the movement of plants into new areas;migration circle, a circle employed to measure migration.
mobile, able to be moved, i. e., modified for migration.
monochronic(μόνος, single, χρόνος, time), arising but once;monogenesis(γένεσις, origin), the origin of a new form at a single place or time;monophyle´sis(φῦλον, race), origin from a single ancestral type;monoto´pic(τόπος, place), arising at one place only.
motile, able to move by growth, by means of cilia, etc.
mutable, able to produce mutants;mutant, a form arising by mutation;mutation, the sudden appearance of new forms.
namati´um(νάμα, ατος, brook), a brook formation;namatad, a brook plant.
nomi´um(νομός, pasture), a pasture formation;nomad, a pasture plant.
occupation, possession of the ground by plants.
oceani´um(ὠκεανός, ocean), an ocean formation;oceanad, an ocean plant;oceanophyte, an ocean plant;oceanophilous, ocean-dwelling.
ocheti´um(ὀχετός, drain), a succession due to artificial drainage.
ochroleucus, yellowish white.
ochthi´um(ὄχθη,bank), a bank formation;ochthad, a bank plant.
oligope´lic(ὀλίγος, little, πηλός clay), containing little clay;oligopsam´mic(ψάμμος, sand), containing little sand.
olisthi´um(ὄλισθος, slip), a succession in a landslip.
ombrometer(ὄμβρος, a rainstorm), a rain gauge.
-on(-ών, locative suffix), suffix used to denote a family.
oncospore(ὄγκος, hook), a plant with hooked disseminules.
orgadi´um(ὀργάς, άδος, meadowland partially wooded), an open woodland formation;orgadad, an open woodland plant.
orophyti´um(ὄρος, mountain), a subalpine plant formation.
oxodi´um(ὀξώδης, sour), a humus marsh formation;oxodad, a plant of a humus marsh.
pagi´um(πάγος, rocky hill, glacier), a succession in a glacial soil;pagophyti´um, a foot-hill plant formation.
pediophyti´um(πεδίον, plain), an upland plant formation.
pelagi´um(πέλαγος, surface of the sea), a surface sea formation;pelagad, a plant of the sea surface.
pelochthi´um(πηλός, mud, ὄχθη, bank), a mud bank form;pelogenous, producing clay;pelopsammic(ψάμμος, sand), composed of mixed clay and sand;pelopsammogenous, producing clay and sand.
permobile, extremely mobile.
perquadrat, a quadrat of 16 square meters or more.
petasospore(πέτασος, sunshade), a plant with parachute-like disseminules.
petri´um(πέτρα, rock, stone), a rock formation;petrad, a rock plant;petrochthi´um(ὄχθη, bank), a rock bank formation.
petrodi´um(πετρώδης, abounding in boulders), a boulder field formation;petrodad, a plant of a boulder field.
phelli´um(φελλεύς, stony ground), a rock field formation;phellad, a rock field plant.
-philous(φίλος), loving, dwelling in.
-photic(φῶς, φωτός, light), pertaining to light;photoharmose, response to light stimuli;photometer, an instrument for measuring light.
phreti´um(φρητός, tank), a tank formation;phretad, a tank plant.
phyad(φυή, form of growth), a vegetation form, e. g., tree, shrub, etc.
-phyll(φύλλον, leaf), combining term for leaf.
-phyte(φυτόν, plant), combining term denoting plant;phyteris(ἔρις, strife), plant competition;-phyti´um(φυτεῖον, place covered with plants), combining term for formation;phytostrote, a species migrating by means of the plant body.
pladobole(πλάδος, moisture), a plant whose seeds are scattered by propulsion due to moisture.
plasticity, the condition characterized by ready response to stimuli.
pnoi´um(πνοή, blast), a succession in an aeolian soil.
poi´um(πόα, meadow), meadow formation;poad, a meadow plant;poophyte, a meadow plant.
polyan´thous(πολύς, many, ἄνθος, flower), producing many flowers;polychro´nic(χρόνος, time), arising at two or more times;polyde´mic(δῆμος, district), occurring in two or more formations or natural regions;polygenesis(γένεσις, origin), the origin of a new form at two or more places or times;polyphyle´sis(φῦλον, race), the origin of a form, species, or genus from two or more ancestral types;polyspermatous(σπέρμα, seed), producing many seeds in each flower;polyto´pic(τόπος, place), arising at two or more distinct places.
ponti´um(πόντος, deep sea), a deep sea formation.
potami´um(ποταμός, river), a river formation;potamad, a river plant.
potometer(ποτόν, drink), an instrument for measuring absorption.
prevernal, pertaining to early spring.
prior, earlier, used of alpine aspects.
prochosi´um(πρόχωσις, a deposition of mud), a succession in an alluvial soil.
prodophyti´um(πρόοδος, pioneer), an initial formation.
protodoche(πρῶτος, first), a primary succession.
proximity(proximitas, nearness), nearness to the area invaded.
psamathi´um(ψάμαθος, sand of the seashore), a strand formation;psamathad, a strand plant;psammogenous(ψάμμος, sand), producing a sandy soil.
psili´um(ψιλά, land without trees), a prairie formation;psilad, a prairie plant.
psychrometer(ψυχρός, chill), an instrument that measures humidity by means of a fall in temperature;psychrograph, a psychrometer that records automatically.
ptenophyti´um(πτηνός, passing), an intermediate formation.
pterospore(πτερόν, wing), a plant with winged disseminules.
purpureus, purple.
pycnophyti´um(πυκνός, thick), a closed formation.
pyri´um(πῦρ, fire), a burn succession.
quadrat(quadratum, a square), a square meter of vegetation marked off for counting, mapping, etc.;major, a quadrat of 2–14 square meters.
reaction, the effect of the formation upon the habitat.
relict(relictus, left), a species belonging properly to an earlier type of succession than the one in which it is found.
repi´um(ῥέπω, sink), a succession due to subsidence.
rhoi´um(ῥόος, stream), a creek formation;rhoad, a creek plant.
rhoptometer(ῥοπτόν, something absorbed), an instrument to measure absorption of water by the soil.
rhyaci´um(ῥύαξ, ακος, mountain torrent), a torrent formation;rhyacad, a torrent plant.
rhysi´um(ῥυσίς, a flowing of fire), a succession due to volcanic action.
ruber, red.
saccospore(σάκκος, sack), a plant with sack-like disseminules.
sarcospore(σάρξ, σαρκός, flesh), a plant with fleshy disseminules.
sciad(σκιά, shade), a sciophyte;sciophyll, the leaf of a shade plant;sciophyte, a shade plant;sciophyti´um, a shade plant formation;sciophilous, shade-loving.
selagraph(σέλας, light), an instrument for recording light values automatically.
serotinal, late, pertaining to autumn.
social, used of plants in which the individuals are compactly grouped;exclusive, excluding individuals of other species;inclusive, permitting the entrance of individuals of other species.
society, a subdivision of the formation, characterized by a principal species.
sparse, scattered singly.
spermatostrote(σπέρμα, ατος, seed), a plant migrating by means of seeds.
sphyri´um(σφύρον, ankle, talus), a succession in a talus soil.
spongophyll(σπόγγος, a sponge), a leaf consisting of sponge tissue.
sporadophyti´um(σποράς, άδος, scattered), an open formation.
-spore(σπορά, seed, fruit), combining term for migration contrivance;sporostrote, a plant migrating by means of spores.
stability, the condition in which the plant makes little or no response.
stabilization, the tendency typical of succession, in which the successive stages become more stable.
stasi´um(στάσις, a standing), a stagnant pool formation;stasad, a plant of stagnant water.
staurophyll(σταυρός, a pale), a leaf consisting of palisade tissue.
sterrhi´um(στερρός, barren), a moor formation;sterrhad, a moor plant.
-strote(στρώτος, strewn), combining term for means of migration.
subcopious, scattered somewhat loosely.
subgregarious, arranged in loose groups.
subquadrat, a quadrat of 1–8 decimeters.
succession, complete and continuous or repeated invasion, in consequence of which formations succeed each other.
symmetry, used of topography when it shows uniform changes;radial, a condition in which the different areas are concentric;bilateral, where the areas occur in two similar rows.
syrtidi´um(σύρτις, ιδος, sandbar), a dry sandbar formation;syrtidad, a plant of a dry sandbar.
taphri´um(τάφρος, ditch), a ditch formation;taphrad, a ditch plant.
telmati´um(τέλμα, ατος, water meads), a wet meadow formation;telmatad, a wet meadow plant.
testaceus, pale brick colored.
thalassi´um(θάλασσα, sea), a sea formation;thalassad, a sea plant.
thallostrote(θαλλός, shoot), a species migrating by means of offshoots.
theri´um(θήρ, wild animal), a succession due to animals.
thermi´um(θέρμη, hot spring), a hot spring formation;thermad, a hot spring plant.
thini´um(θίς, θινός, a dune), a dune formation;thinad, a dune plant.
tiphi´um(τῖφος, pool), a pool formation;tiphad, a pond plant.
tiri´um(τείρω, rub away), a bad land formation;tirad, a bad land plant.
tonobole(τόνος, tension), a plant whose seeds are scattered by projection from calyx or involucre.
transect(transectus, cut through), a cross section of vegetation.
trechometer(τρέχω, to run off), an instrument for measuring run-off.
tribi´um(τρίβω, wear or rub away), a succession in an eroded soil.
umbrinus, umber.
variable, able to produce variants;variant, a form arising from origin by variation;variation, the origin of new forms by the action of selection upon minute differences.
vegetation form, a characteristic plant form, e. g., tree, rosette, etc.
vernal, pertaining to spring.
vicine(vicinus, neighboring), invading from adjacent formations.
viridis, green.
vixgregarious, arranged in small or indistinct groups.
water-content, the water of the soil or habitat;physiological, the available soil water;physical, the total amount of soil water.
xenodoche(ξένος, strange), an anomalous succession.
xerad(ξηρός, dry), a xerophyte;xerasi´um(ξηρασία, drought), a succession due to drainage or drought;xeriobole(ξηρία, dryness), a plant whose seeds are scattered by dehiscence due to dryness;xerohyli´um(ὕλη, forest), a dry forest formation;xerohylad, a dry forest plant;xerophyll, the leaf of a xerophyte;xerophyte, a dry soil plant;xerophyti´um, a xerophytic formation;xerophilous, dwelling in a dry habitat;xeropoi´um, a heath formation;xeropoad, a heath plant;xerosta´tic(στατικός, standing), used of successions which are completed under xerophytic conditions;xerotro´pic(τροπικός, turning), applied to successions which become xerophytic.
zonation, that condition in which plant groups or formations appear in belts or zones.
zone, a belt of more or less uniform vegetation.
zoochore(ζῶον, animal), a plant distributed by animals.