NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTES
[1]The arrangements which Rome made with the several cities of Sicily are outlined by Cicero in his orationIn Verrem, III. 12-14.
[1]The arrangements which Rome made with the several cities of Sicily are outlined by Cicero in his orationIn Verrem, III. 12-14.
[2]The traditional story of the Decemvirate and its codification of theLaws of the Twelve Tablesis told graphically by Livy, III. 32-54. Some of the extant fragments of these laws may be seen in F. D. Allen’sRemnants of Early Latin, Boston, 1899, pp. 84-92.
[2]The traditional story of the Decemvirate and its codification of theLaws of the Twelve Tablesis told graphically by Livy, III. 32-54. Some of the extant fragments of these laws may be seen in F. D. Allen’sRemnants of Early Latin, Boston, 1899, pp. 84-92.
[3]On the activities of the censors, cf. Heitland,The Roman Republic,passim.
[3]On the activities of the censors, cf. Heitland,The Roman Republic,passim.
[4]On the government of the provinces under the Republic one may read Arnold-Shuckburgh, C. III.
[4]On the government of the provinces under the Republic one may read Arnold-Shuckburgh, C. III.
[5]There is an interesting discussion of the motives and policy of C. Gracchus by W. W. Fowler in hisRoman Essays and Interpretations, Oxford, 1920, pp. 99-110.
[5]There is an interesting discussion of the motives and policy of C. Gracchus by W. W. Fowler in hisRoman Essays and Interpretations, Oxford, 1920, pp. 99-110.
[6]A brilliant analysis of the political policies of Pompey and Caesar may be found in E. Meyer’sCaesars Monarchie und das Principat des Pompejus, Stuttgart, 1919.
[6]A brilliant analysis of the political policies of Pompey and Caesar may be found in E. Meyer’sCaesars Monarchie und das Principat des Pompejus, Stuttgart, 1919.
[7]On the legal basis of the principate of Augustus, see Abbott,Roman Political Institutions, pp. 267-273.
[7]On the legal basis of the principate of Augustus, see Abbott,Roman Political Institutions, pp. 267-273.
[8]For the provinces under Augustus, see Arnold-Shuckburgh, chapter IV. For a list of them, cf. Sandys, pp. 401 ff.
[8]For the provinces under Augustus, see Arnold-Shuckburgh, chapter IV. For a list of them, cf. Sandys, pp. 401 ff.
[9]Five municipal charters are given in an English translation by E. G. Hardy in hisSix Roman Laws and Three Spanish Charters, Oxford, 1911-12.
[9]Five municipal charters are given in an English translation by E. G. Hardy in hisSix Roman Laws and Three Spanish Charters, Oxford, 1911-12.
[10]The famous edict of Caracalla, to which reference is made in theCodeof Justinian and elsewhere, may now be seen in no. 40 of theGriechische Papyri im Museum des Oberhessischen Geschichtsverein zu Giessen, E. Kornemann and P. M. Meyer, Leipzig, 1910.
[10]The famous edict of Caracalla, to which reference is made in theCodeof Justinian and elsewhere, may now be seen in no. 40 of theGriechische Papyri im Museum des Oberhessischen Geschichtsverein zu Giessen, E. Kornemann and P. M. Meyer, Leipzig, 1910.
[11]For the bureaux of Hadrian and his successors, see Hirschfeld.
[11]For the bureaux of Hadrian and his successors, see Hirschfeld.
[12]The most convenient edition of theCodeof Justinian is to be found in theCorpus Iuris Civilis, 3 vols., ed. by Mommsen and others. Berlin, 1895.
[12]The most convenient edition of theCodeof Justinian is to be found in theCorpus Iuris Civilis, 3 vols., ed. by Mommsen and others. Berlin, 1895.
[13]The Latin text of the constitution of Vespasian may be found in K. E. Bruns,Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui, Leipzig, 1893,7no. 56.
[13]The Latin text of the constitution of Vespasian may be found in K. E. Bruns,Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui, Leipzig, 1893,7no. 56.
[14]Cf. F. F. Abbott, on “The Referendum and the Recall Among the Ancient Romans,” inThe Sewanee Review, XXIII. 84-94 (1915).
[14]Cf. F. F. Abbott, on “The Referendum and the Recall Among the Ancient Romans,” inThe Sewanee Review, XXIII. 84-94 (1915).
[15]For Professor Frank’s discussion of these wars, see chapters V, VI, and XIII. Cf., also, Livy, XXI. 4. 1.
[15]For Professor Frank’s discussion of these wars, see chapters V, VI, and XIII. Cf., also, Livy, XXI. 4. 1.
[16]For the comparison of the Roman Senate and the Senate of the U. S. see the chapter on “The Story of Two Oligarchies.”
[16]For the comparison of the Roman Senate and the Senate of the U. S. see the chapter on “The Story of Two Oligarchies.”
[17]For a fuller discussion of representative government among the Romans under the Republic, see Frank’sRoman Imperialism, pp. 45, 209, 299, 301.
[17]For a fuller discussion of representative government among the Romans under the Republic, see Frank’sRoman Imperialism, pp. 45, 209, 299, 301.
[18]The oath of the Fascisti may be found in theLondon Timesof Jan. 2, 1923. The best literature at present on the movement isDiscorsi Politici, Benito Mussolini (Milan;Essercizio Tipografico del “Popolo d’Italia,”1922).Il Fascismo nella Vita Italiana, Pietro Gorgolini. Preface by B. Mussolini (Turin; Anonima Libraria Italiana).Fascismo Liberatore, Cipriano Giachetti (Florence; Bemporad).
[18]The oath of the Fascisti may be found in theLondon Timesof Jan. 2, 1923. The best literature at present on the movement isDiscorsi Politici, Benito Mussolini (Milan;Essercizio Tipografico del “Popolo d’Italia,”1922).Il Fascismo nella Vita Italiana, Pietro Gorgolini. Preface by B. Mussolini (Turin; Anonima Libraria Italiana).Fascismo Liberatore, Cipriano Giachetti (Florence; Bemporad).
[19]For the praetor’s court see Abbott,Roman Political Institutions, pp. 105 ff.
[19]For the praetor’s court see Abbott,Roman Political Institutions, pp. 105 ff.
[20]A striking illustration of the looseness of procedure in Roman courts is given by Cicero in a letter to Atticus (ad Atticum, I. 16. 3-6), translated by E. O. Winstedt,Letters to Atticus, 3 vols., New York, 1919, inThe Loeb Classical Library. On the course of a trial in a Roman court, cf. A. H. J. Greenidge,The Legal Procedure of Cicero’s Time, Oxford, 1901, pp. 456-504.
[20]A striking illustration of the looseness of procedure in Roman courts is given by Cicero in a letter to Atticus (ad Atticum, I. 16. 3-6), translated by E. O. Winstedt,Letters to Atticus, 3 vols., New York, 1919, inThe Loeb Classical Library. On the course of a trial in a Roman court, cf. A. H. J. Greenidge,The Legal Procedure of Cicero’s Time, Oxford, 1901, pp. 456-504.
[21]On taxation in the provinces, see Arnold-Shuckburgh, chapter VI. On the customs duties, see R. L. V. Cagnat,Étude Historique sur les Impôts Indirects chez les Romains, Paris, 1882.
[21]On taxation in the provinces, see Arnold-Shuckburgh, chapter VI. On the customs duties, see R. L. V. Cagnat,Étude Historique sur les Impôts Indirects chez les Romains, Paris, 1882.
[22]On Diocletian’s tax system, see Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll, III. 1513 ff.; Daremberg-Saglio, V. 434 ff.
[22]On Diocletian’s tax system, see Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll, III. 1513 ff.; Daremberg-Saglio, V. 434 ff.
[23]“Rome’s First Coinage,” inClassical Philology, XIV. 314-327 (1919).
[23]“Rome’s First Coinage,” inClassical Philology, XIV. 314-327 (1919).
[24]On life in the provinces see Bouchier’s books cited in the Bibliography.
[24]On life in the provinces see Bouchier’s books cited in the Bibliography.
[25]The road-systems in the provinces may be seen in Murray’sSmall Classical Atlas, or in H. S. Jones’Companion to Roman History, Oxford, 1912, map 4.
[25]The road-systems in the provinces may be seen in Murray’sSmall Classical Atlas, or in H. S. Jones’Companion to Roman History, Oxford, 1912, map 4.
[26]See Reid, pp. 279 ff.
[26]See Reid, pp. 279 ff.
[27]See Chapters I and II in theCommon People of Ancient Rome.
[27]See Chapters I and II in theCommon People of Ancient Rome.
[28]A detailed account of the method of founding Colonies and a list of them may be found in Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll, IV. 510 ff.
[28]A detailed account of the method of founding Colonies and a list of them may be found in Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll, IV. 510 ff.
[29]For an account of the Idaho Colony, see Albert Shaw, “From New York to Idaho,” inThe American Review of Reviews, LXIV. 177-182 (1921).
[29]For an account of the Idaho Colony, see Albert Shaw, “From New York to Idaho,” inThe American Review of Reviews, LXIV. 177-182 (1921).
[30]See the chapter on trade-guilds and corporations in Abbott’sCommon People of Ancient Rome.
[30]See the chapter on trade-guilds and corporations in Abbott’sCommon People of Ancient Rome.
[30a]This statement does not apply to Asia Minor where we do know of industrial strikes in Roman times at Ephesus, Pergamum, Miletus, and Sardis. That of the bakers at Ephesus (Kern,Die Inschriften von Magnesia, no. 114, an inscription which we now know is from Ephesus) took place in the second century A.D. The other strikes are those of builders, one in the second centuryA.D.at Miletus on the Roman theatre (Sitz. Berl. Ak.1904, p. 83); for Pergamum, cf.Athen. Mitt.XXIV, 1899, p. 199 (also second cent.); for SardisC.I.G.3647. An article by W. H. Buckler onLabor Disputes in the Province of Asiawhich will soon appear inAnatolian Studies in Honor of Sir W. M. Ramsay, Manchester, 1923, discusses this question. [D. M. R.]
[30a]This statement does not apply to Asia Minor where we do know of industrial strikes in Roman times at Ephesus, Pergamum, Miletus, and Sardis. That of the bakers at Ephesus (Kern,Die Inschriften von Magnesia, no. 114, an inscription which we now know is from Ephesus) took place in the second century A.D. The other strikes are those of builders, one in the second centuryA.D.at Miletus on the Roman theatre (Sitz. Berl. Ak.1904, p. 83); for Pergamum, cf.Athen. Mitt.XXIV, 1899, p. 199 (also second cent.); for SardisC.I.G.3647. An article by W. H. Buckler onLabor Disputes in the Province of Asiawhich will soon appear inAnatolian Studies in Honor of Sir W. M. Ramsay, Manchester, 1923, discusses this question. [D. M. R.]
[31]On the failure of “big business” to determine the policy of the Roman state, see Frank’sRoman Imperialism. For a different view, cf. Ferrero.
[31]On the failure of “big business” to determine the policy of the Roman state, see Frank’sRoman Imperialism. For a different view, cf. Ferrero.
[32]“Race Mixture In The Roman Empire,” inThe American Historical Review, XXI. 689-708 (1916).
[32]“Race Mixture In The Roman Empire,” inThe American Historical Review, XXI. 689-708 (1916).
[33]Among the executives who have appealed directly to the voters may be mentioned Governor Hughes of New York State and Presidents Roosevelt and Wilson.
[33]Among the executives who have appealed directly to the voters may be mentioned Governor Hughes of New York State and Presidents Roosevelt and Wilson.
[34]Augustus mentions his gratuities to soldiers in chapter 17 of hisRes Gestae Divi Augusti; translated into English,The Deeds of Augustus, by W. Fairley, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1898.
[34]Augustus mentions his gratuities to soldiers in chapter 17 of hisRes Gestae Divi Augusti; translated into English,The Deeds of Augustus, by W. Fairley, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1898.
[35]On methods of calculating the population of the city of Rome, see J. Beloch’sBevölkerung der griechisch-römischen Welt, Leipzig, 1886, chapter IX. sec. 2 and “Die Bevölkerung Italiens im Altertum,” inKlio, III. 471-490 (1903).
[35]On methods of calculating the population of the city of Rome, see J. Beloch’sBevölkerung der griechisch-römischen Welt, Leipzig, 1886, chapter IX. sec. 2 and “Die Bevölkerung Italiens im Altertum,” inKlio, III. 471-490 (1903).
[36]On Diocletian’s edict see the chapter on “Diocletian’s Edict and the High Cost of Living” in Abbott’sCommon People of Ancient Rome.
[36]On Diocletian’s edict see the chapter on “Diocletian’s Edict and the High Cost of Living” in Abbott’sCommon People of Ancient Rome.
[37]See theTheodosian Code, (Theodosiani Libri XVIed. Th. Mommsen, Berlin, 1905), 10, 19, 1. 2. 8.
[37]See theTheodosian Code, (Theodosiani Libri XVIed. Th. Mommsen, Berlin, 1905), 10, 19, 1. 2. 8.
[38]On compulsion to work in the mines, see theTheodosian Code, 10, 19, 5. 6. 7. and 15.
[38]On compulsion to work in the mines, see theTheodosian Code, 10, 19, 5. 6. 7. and 15.
[39]For Pliny’s inquiries see theEpistulae ad Traianum, 39; cf. 31 on work in the mines.
[39]For Pliny’s inquiries see theEpistulae ad Traianum, 39; cf. 31 on work in the mines.
[40]For the influx into Italy and the West of men of Oriental extraction see T. Frank, inThe American Historical Review, XXI. 689-708 (1916) and Frank’sEconomic History of Rome, pp. 154 ff.et passim.
[40]For the influx into Italy and the West of men of Oriental extraction see T. Frank, inThe American Historical Review, XXI. 689-708 (1916) and Frank’sEconomic History of Rome, pp. 154 ff.et passim.