Lamarque.Maréchal, 1830. White, shaded lemon.
L'Idéal.Nabonnand, 1887. Metallic red, tinted yellow.
Madame Carnot.Moreau-Robert, 1890. Golden yellow, coppery centre.
Madame Caroline Kuster.Pernet, 1873. Pale yellow.
Madame Pierre Cochet.Cochet, 1892. Deep orange yellow, dwarf wall.
Maréchal Niel.Pradel, 1864. Deep golden yellow.
Marie Thérèse Dubourg.Godard, 1889. Coppery golden yellow.
Ophirie.Goubault, 1841. Nankeen and copper.
Rêve d'Or.Ducher, 1870. Coppery buff yellow.
Solfaterre.Boyeau, 1843. Fine sulphur yellow.
Souv. de Prince C. d'Arenberg.Soupert et Notting, 1897. Canary yellow.
Triomphe de Rennes.Eug. Verdier, 1857. Canary yellow.
Wasily Chludoff. Coppery red, tinted yellow.
William Allen Richardson.Ducher, 1878. Fine orange yellow.
Hybrid Perpetuals, Climbing.
Ards Rover.Alex. Dickson, 1896. Deep crimson.
Brightness of Cheshunt.Paul & Son, 1882. Brick red.
Climbing Bessie Johnson.Paul & Son, 1899. White, tinged pink.
Climbing Captain Hayward.Paul & Son, 1906.
Climbing Charles Lefébvre.
Climbing Eugénie Verdier.Paul & Son.
Climbing Frau Carl Druschki. Lawrenson, 1906.
Climbing Glory of Cheshunt.Paul & Son.
Climbing Hippolyte Jamain.Paul & Son, 1887.
Climbing Jules Margottin.
Climbing Pride of Waltham.Wm. Paul & Son, 1887.
Climbing Suzanne Marie Rodocanachi.Paul & Son.
Climbing Victor Verdier.Paul & Son, 1872.
Gloire de Margottin.Margottin, 1888. Bright cherry red.
Glory of Waltham. Wm.Paul & Son.Crimson, very sweet.
Madame Edmée Cocteau. Colour of Captain Christy.
Maréchal Vaillant. Purplish red.
Paul's Single White.Paul & Son.Pure white, single.
Princess Louise Victoria.Knight, 1872. Carmine shading to peach.
Note.—Where no colours are indicated, the climbing sports are exactly like the dwarf roses of the same name.
Note.—Where no colours are indicated, the climbing sports are exactly like the dwarf roses of the same name.
Teas and Hybrid Teas, Climbing.Pink and Rose.
Apple Blossom.Cooling, 1906. Colour of apple blossoms, pillar or bush.
Climbing Captain Christy.Ducher, 1881. Even finer than the dwarf.
Climbing Belle Siebrecht (syn. Mrs. W. J. Grant).Wm. Paul & Son, 1899.
Climbing Caroline Testout.Chauvry, 1902.
Climbing La France.P. Henderson, 1893.
Climbing Mme. de Watteville.Fauque-Laurent, 1902.
Dawn.Paul & Son, 1898. Large semi-double, rosy pink.
England's Glory.Wood, 1902. Flesh with pink centre.
Lady Waterlow.Nabonnand, 1902. Clear salmon pink, large petals edged crimson.
Madame Charles Monnier.Pernet-Ducher, 1902. Rosy flesh, shaded salmon.
Madame Jules Gravereaux.Soupert et Notting, 1901. Buff, shaded peach.
Madame Marie Lavalley.Nabonnand, 1880. Bright rose, reflexed white.
Papillon.Nabonnand, 1882. Pink and white, shaded copper.
Pink Rover.Wm. Paul & Son, 1890. Pale pink, very fragrant.
Princess May.Wm. Paul & Son.Soft opaque pink.
Tea and Hybrid Tea Climbing Roses.Salmon, orange, yellow.
Billiard etBarré.Pernet-Ducher, 1899, golden yellow.
Bouquet d'Or.Ducher, 1872. Yellow, coppery centre.
Climbing Perle des Jardins.J. Henderson, 1891.
Comte de Torres.A. Schwartz, 1906. Salmon white, pink centre.
Duchesse d'Auerstadt.Bernaix, 1887. Pure yellow bud, shaded nankeen.
E. Veyrat Hermanos.Bernaix, 1895. Apricot, reflexed deep red.
Germaine Trochon. Salmon flesh, centre nankeen yellow.
Gloire de Dijon.Jacotot, 1853. Buff or salmon yellow, centre orange.
Gustave Régis.Pernet-Ducher, 1890. Nankeen yellow, pillar or bush.
Henriette de Beauveau.Lacharme, 1887. Clear yellow.
Kaiserin Friedrich.Drogemuller, 1890. Bright yellow.
Le Soleil.Dubreuil, 1892. Chrome and canary.
Mme. Auguste Choutet. Yellow or deep orange.
Mme. Barthélemy Levet.Levetpère, 1880. Canary yellow.
Mme. Bérard.Levet, 1872. Fawn, touched red.
Mme. Chauvry.Bonnaire, 1887. Nankeen yellow.
Mme. Eugéne Verdier.Levet, 1882. Deep chamois yellow.
Mme. Hector Leuillot.Pernet-Ducher, 1904. Golden yellow, tinted carmine.
Mme. Moreau.Moreau, 1890. Coppery yellow, deeper centre, reverse apricot.
Maréchal Niel. See Noisette roses.
Souv. de L. Viennot.Bernaix, 1897. Jonquil yellow, shaded china rose.
White and Lemon.
Belle Lyonnaise.Levet, 1869. Canary yellow and white.
Climbing Devoniensis.Pavitt, 1858.
Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria.Alex. Dickson, 1897.
Climbing Niphetos.Keynes & Co.1889.
(These three last roses need a very warm wall, and are best under glass.)
Gloire des Blanches.Vigneron, 1905. Pure white.
Mme. Jules Siegfried. Creamy white shaded flesh.
Valentine Altermann. Pure white, semi-double.
Red.
Ards Pillar.Alex. Dickson, 1902. Rich velvety crimson.
Cheshunt Hybrid.Paul & Son, 1873. Cherry red.
Climbing Meteor.
Climbing Papa Gontier.Goubault, 1903.
Climbing Souv. de Wootton.
Dr. Rouges.Vve. Schwartz, 1894. Red, yellowish centre, irregular form.
François Crousse.Guillot, 1900. Fiery crimson red.
Gruss an Teplitz.Geschwind, 1897. Brightest scarlet crimson.
Lina Schmidt-Michel, 1906. Bright lake rose.
Longworth Rambler. Liabaud, 1880. Light crimson, semi-double.
Mohrenkönig.
Monsieur Désir.Pernet père, 1889. Crimson.
Morgenroth.P. Lambert, 1903. Bright crimson, white centre, single.
Noella Nabonnand.Nabonnand, 1900. Velvety crimson.
Progress. Bright carmine, semi-double.
Reine Marie Henriette.Levet, 1873. Deep cherry red.
Reine Olga de Wurtemburg.Nabonnand, 1881. Vivid red. Semi-double.
Souv. de Madame Métral.Bernaix, 1888. Cherry red.
Waltham Climbers. 1. 2. 3.Wm. Paul & Son, 1885. Shades of crimson; 1, brightest, 3, darkest.
TEA ROSES,R. Indica odorata.
Thepopular fallacy which universally prevailed forty to fifty years ago with regard to the extreme delicacy of Tea roses, has happily been exploded by the experience of later years. It was then supposed that no Tea rose could possibly stand the English winter if planted out of doors. And so firmly was this belief fixed in the minds of all amateurs, that if they were so reckless (in their own eyes) as to plant a Tea rose anywhere except in a greenhouse, the careful treatment they bestowed on the unfortunate specimen went far to prove the rule. For not only was it pruned in the autumn: but so coddled and smothered up in straw and matting that it could not breathe; and as every bud was made doubly tender by this means, when at last it saw the light again it was pretty sure to die of absolute anæmia. The older gardeners of the fifties would look in amaze on our glorious beds of Tea roses, flowering in some cases up to Christmas, and beginning again as happily as ever the next June. While to us of the present day, a rose garden without Tea roses would be no garden at all.
It is not that the modern Tea rose is hardier than its ancestors; for some of the old ones, such asSouvenir d'un Ami, grow as cheerfully in the garden as a Hybrid Perpetual. But experience has shown that Tea roses, with a very few exceptions, may be safely grown in the open ground, if a few simple precautions are observed in their treatment.
The first of these is, of course, that no pruning should be done till April.
The second, that a few fronds of bracken should be drawn through the branches. This in most cases will be found quite sufficient to ward off frost. But as an extra precaution in the event of very severe weather, the earth may be drawn up some four or five inches round the stems, so that if by chance a hard frost should cut the upper part of the shoots, the base may still be kept alive. Great care, however, must be exercised in uncovering the plants, the protecting material being removed gradually, so that growth may not be unduly forced on—only to be cut by the first cold wind—or, on the other hand, that the plant may not receive a shock by sudden and complete exposure.
Standard Tea roses may be protected by straw tied lightly round the heads, care being taken not to break the shoots by tying them in too tightly.
The history of the Tea rose in Europe began just 100 years ago. The original "Blush tea-scented rose,"R. Indica odorata, was brought from China in 1810. In 1824, the "Yellow China or Tea rose" was introducedfrom China by Mr. Parkes. And the French growers at once began to raise seedlings from these fruitful parents; for both in France and Italy the Yellow Tea rose seeded freely, which was not the case in England. By about 1830 the reputation of the Tea rose was firmly established; and in the next twenty years many varieties were raised: but mainly in France, though the finest of all,Devoniensis, was raised by Mr. Foster of Plymouth in 1838. The real culture of the Tea rose by English growers, however, did not assume much importance until a far later period.
Some few of these early Tea roses still hold their own among the host of their brilliant successors—Bougère, 1832;Adam, 1833;Le Pactole—now extremely difficult to procure;Devoniensis, 1838;Safrano, 1839;Mme. Willermoz, 1843;Niphetos, 1844;Souv. d'un Ami, 1846;Mme. Bravy, 1846. But of some dozen or more others in Mr. Rivers' list of 1843, not a trace remains.
In 1853 a great development took place, when Jacotot introduced an absolutely new type into the race with hisGloire de Dijon. This rose is so distinct, with its strong constitution, vigorous growth, and large foliage, that one cannot but imagine some other strain, such as the Noisette, must have helped in fertilizing the seed parent ofGloire de Dijon.
Since that notable date, the raising of new Tea roses in England, France and Luxembourg, hasdeveloped in an extraordinary manner. And in the last few years Germany and America have added many fine novelties to the bewildering list. Among the chief growers in England who have devoted themselves in the last fifty years to the production of Tea roses, we find Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross; Ben Cant, of Colchester; Paul, of Cheshunt; Prince, of Oxford; Frank Cant, of Colchester; Alex. Dickson, of Newtownards; Piper, Bennett, etc.
In France, Luxembourg and Germany, the famous houses of Pernet-Ducher, Nabonnand, Bernaix, Bonnaire, Cochet, Chatenay, Guillot, Verdier, Levet, Chauvry, Dubreuil, Godard, Mari, Lacharme, Lévêque, Soupert et Notting, Lambert, Schwartz, etc., are now household words among rose lovers.
The influence of the old Yellow Tea is to be found among a large proportion of these lovely roses, in the golden and sulphur base which adds such richness to the endless shades of pink, crimson, copper and white. But a pure yellow Tea rose is still a rarity. And its production is the goal towards which many of the greatest rose-growers are still working.
What we all desire is a Tea rose for bedding of as pure a yellow as the dear oldPersian Briar, orMaréchal Niel, and one that will stand, as that glorious rose does, the hot rays of the sun without changing colour. For, charming as many of the so-called Yellow Tea roses are when they are in bud, the open flower quickly turns white in the sun.
To this object, as I have said, some of the greatest rose-growers have been devoting their energies for years; while others are striving as eagerly and with far greater success, after the development of deep crimson and scarlet Tea roses. And though they may not yet have attained the absolute perfection they were seeking, both sets of experiments have resulted of late in some truly magnificent roses, of various rich shades undreamt of even twenty years ago.
In the following lists the roses will be found grouped in colour, as this may be useful to amateurs who are unacquainted with some of the names. Many of those mentioned, while they are not included in the National Rose Society's list, are still well worthy of cultivation in our gardens; and others, hardly known in England as yet, have proved most valuable in my own Hampshire collection and perfectly hardy.
Among roses that are little known in English gardens areBaronne de Hoffmann, a vigorous grower, vivid copper-red, with yellow base; and the invaluableM. Tillier, which I first saw in the Paris Exhibition of 1900. I have grown it largely since, and every one is attracted by the bushes, set thickly with medium-sized imbricated flowers of carmine and brick-red, borne on upright stems in such numbers that they make a brilliant mark in the garden from a distance. It is perfectly hardy, and I have gathered good blooms at Christmas.Amabilisis a useful china pink rose for decorative purposes, either in the gardenor to cut for the house; it is strong and hardy. So isMarquise de Querhoent, a strong grower, of vivid coppery salmon and china red. Ducher'sCoquette de Lyonis another admirable bedding rose, which is not much grown in England. The flowers which cover the plant are full, well-shaped, of medium size, a pale canary yellow, and last long in water.
I would also call attention to other roses which, though well known to collectors and exhibitors, might be more generally cultivated by the ordinary amateur.
These are the delightfulG. Nabonnand,Duchesse Marie Salviati,Mrs. B. R. Cant—an admirable rose—Madame Constant Soupert, a new and most brilliant variety;Souvenir de Pierre Notting—best on a standard, but excellent in every way;General Schablikine, absolutely invaluable, as it is covered with bloom from June to November;Innocent Pirola, one of the best creamy whites;Peace, a newer and very beautiful rose, pale lemon, carrying its fine flowers singly on strong erect stalks; and the olderSouv. de S. A. Prince, a pure white sport fromSouv. d'un Ami.
The climbing Tea roses will be found in another chapter.
Pink, Rose, Salmon, Peach.
Archiduchesse Marie Immaculata.Soupert et Notting, 1887. Brick red.
Adam.Adam, 1833. Rose, shaded salmon.
Baronne H. de Loew.Nabonnand, 1889. Tender rose, yellow centre.
Boadicea.W. Paul & Son, 1901. Pale peach, tinted rose.
Bridesmaid.May, 1893. Clear pink.
Catherine Mermet.J. B. Guillot fils, 1869. Light rosy flesh.
Cecile-Charles.Schwartz, 1907. Pale rosy salmon, edged carmine, fragrant.
Comtesse de Breteuil.Pernet-Ducher, 1893. Salmon rose, peach centre.
Comtesse de Nadaillac.Guillot, 1871. Peach, shaded apricot, salmon base; an exhibitor's rose.
Dr. Grill.Bonnaire, 1886. Clear rose, centre salmon.
Duchesse Maria Salviati.Soupert et Notting, 1890. Rosy flesh, shaded chrome, fragrant.
Ernest Metz.Guillot, 1889. Soft carmine-rose, reverse of petals deeper.
Ethel Brownlow.Alex. Dickson, 1887. Bright salmon-pink, yellow base.
Franciska Kruger.Nabonnand, 1879. Copper, shaded peach.
G. Nabonnand.Nabonnand, 1889. Pale flesh, shaded yellow.
Homère.Robert, 1859. Rose-edged, salmon centre.
Jean Ducher.Ducher, 1874. Salmon yellow, shaded peach.
Lena.Alex. Dickson, 1906. Glowing apricot.
Madame Antoine Mari.Mari, 1902. Rose, washed with white.
Madame Cusin.Guillot, 1881. Rose, lighter centre.
Madame Georges Durrschmidt.Peletier, 1895. China rose, cerise centre, fragrant.
Madame Lambard.Lacharme, 1877. Bright rose.
Madame Jules Gravereaux.Soupert et Notting, 1901. Chamois yellow, rosy peach centre.
Madame Philémon Cochet. Clear rose, shaded salmon.
Maman Cochet.Cochet, 1893. Carmine, shaded salmon-yellow.
Mathilde Liégeard.Nabonnand, 1907. Pearly rose, touched carmine.
Mrs. B. R. Cant.B. R. Cant, 1901. Deep rose outer petals, inner petals silvery rose.
Mrs. Edward Mawley.Alex. Dickson, 1899. Bright carmine, shaded salmon.
Morning Glow.Wm. Paul & Son, 1902. Rosy crimson, suffused orange and fawn.
Nellie Johnstone.Paul & Son, 1906. Pure rose pink.
Paul Nabonnand.Nabonnand, 1878. Hydrangea pink.
Rainbow.Sievers, 1891. Sport from Papa Gontier, pink, striped crimson.
Rose d'Evian.Bernaix, 1895. China rose outside, lined carmine.
Souvenir d'un Ami.Defougère, 1846. Salmon-rose.
Souvenir de Paul Neyron.Levet, 1872. Salmon, edged rose.
Souvenir de William Robinson.Bernaix, 1900. Fawn, shaded pink and yellow.
Sunrise.Piper, 1899. Outer petals carmine, shading to pale fawn and salmon within.
Yellow, Buff, and Apricot.
Alexandra.Wm. Paul & Son, 1901. Copper yellow, streaked with orange.
Anna Olivier.Ducher, 1872. Buff, flushed pink.
Antoine Devert.Gonod, 1881. Clear straw colour.
Belle Lyonnaise.Levet, 1869. Deep lemon, climbing.
Billiard et Barré.Pernet-Ducher, 1899. Deep golden yellow.
Blumenschmidt,J. C. Schmidt, 1907. Bright lemon yellow, edged pink.
Comtesse Alexandra Kinsky.Soupert et Notting, 1905. White, centre apricot yellow.
Comtesse de Frigneuse.Guillot, 1886. Fine canary yellow.
Georges Schwartz.Schwartz, 1900. Deep canary yellow.
Goldquelle.Lambert, 1899. Clear golden yellow.
Harry Kirk.Alex. Dickson, 1907. Deep sulphur yellow.
Hugo Roller.Wm. Paul & Son, 1907. Lemon yellow, edged crimson.
J. F. Giraud.Ketter, 1907. Golden yellow, centre saffron.
Jean Pernet.Pernet, 1869. Clear yellow.
Lady Mary Corry.Alex. Dickson, 1900. Deep golden yellow.
Lena.Alex. Dickson, 1906. Glowing apricot, edged primrose.
Madame Barthélemy Levet.Levet père, 1880. Canary yellow, climbing.
Madame Chauvry.Bonnaire, 1887. Nankeen yellow.
Madame Chedanne Guinoisseau.Levêque, 1880. Clear bright yellow.
Madame C. P. Strassheim.Soupert et Notting, 1898. Yellowish-white in summer, turning sulphur and buff in autumn.
Madame Constant Soupert.Soupert et Notting, 1906. Dark golden-yellow, strongly-tinted peach-pink.
Madame Edmond Sablayrolles.Bonnaire, 1907. Clear yellow, orange centre.
Madame Falcot.Guillot, 1858. Deep apricot yellow.
Madame Pol Varin-Bernier.Soupert et Notting, 1907. Melon-yellow shaded; a "yellow Richmond."
Mrs. Dudley Cross.Wm. Paul & Son, 1907. Pale chamois yellow, with touches of rose and crimson in autumn.
Perle de Lyon.Ducher, 1873. Deep yellow.
Perle des Jardins.Levet, 1874. Deep straw-colour.
Perle des Jaunes.Reymond, 1904. Deep orange yellow, tinted salmon.
Rose Gubert.Nabonnand, 1907. Tender bright yellow, deep centre.
Safrano.Beauregard, 1839. Bright apricot.
Souvenir de Pierre Notting.Soupert et Notting, 1903. Apricot-yellow, blended copper-yellow.
Souvenir de Stella Gray.Alex. Dickson, 1907. Deep orange, veined yellow, apricot, and crimson.
Sulphurea.Wm. Paul & Son, 1902. Sulphur yellow.
Sunset.Henderson, 1884. Deep apricot.
Crimson and Copper-red.
Albert Durand.Schwartz, 1906. Coppery carmine, shaded flesh.
Amabilis. China red.
Bardou Job.Nabonnand, 1887. Glowing crimson.
Baronne de Hoffmann,Nabonnand, 1887. Copper and crimson.
Baronne Henriette Snoy.Bernaix, 1898. Petals carnation inside, outside carmine pink.
Beauté Inconstante.Pernet-Ducher, 1893. Coppery-red, shaded carmine and yellow.
Betty Berkeley.Bernaix, 1904. Bright red, shading to crimson.
Christine de Nouë.Guillot fils, 1891. Deep purple red, shaded pink.
Corallina.Wm. Paul & Son, 1900. Deep rose.
Empress Alexandra of Russia.Wm. Paul & Son, 1898. Lake, shaded orange and crimson.
François Dubreuil.Dubreuil, 1895. Deep crimson.
Frau Dr. Thelka Schlegelmilch.Welter, 1902. Bright red, shaded velvet crimson.
Freiherr von Marschall.Lambert, 1903. Dark carmine.
General Schablikine.Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red.
Lady Roberts.Frank Cant, 1902. Rich apricot, copper-red base.
L'Idéal.Nabonnand, 1887. Yellow and metallic red.
Ma Capucine.Levet, 1871. Bronzy yellow, shaded red.
Monsieur Désir.Pernet père, 1889. Crimson.
Monsieur Tillier.Bernaix, 1892. Carmine and brick-red.
Mrs. Reynolds Hole.Nabonnand, 1900. Dark purple pink, centre crimson.
Papa Gontier.Nabonnand, 1883. Rosy crimson.
Princesse de Sagan.Dubreuil, 1887. Deep cherry red, shaded maroon.
Salmonea.Wm. Paul & Son, 1902. Bright crimson with light salmon centre.
Souvenir de Catherine Guillot.Guillot, 1896. Coppery carmine, and orange.
Souvenir J. B. Guillot.Guillot, 1897. Nasturtium-red, shaded to crimson and rose.
Souvenir Thérèse Levet.Levet, 1882. Brownish crimson.
White and Pale Lemon.
Caroline Kuster.Pernet, 1872. Pale yellow.
Château des Bergeries.Lédechaux, 1886. Very pale canary yellow, centre darker.
Comtesse Eva de Starhemberg.Soupert et Notting, 1891. Cream, centre ochre.
Comtesse de Saxe.Soupert et Notting, 1905. Porcelain white.
Coquette de Lyon.Pernet Ducher, 1872. Pale canary yellow.
Devoniensis.Foster, 1838. White, touched lemon. Tender.
Enchantress.Wm. Paul & Son, 1896. Creamy white.
Étoile de Lyon.Guillot, 1881. Deep lemon.
Grand Duchess Olga.Lévêque, 1897. Creamy white.
Golden Gate.Dingee & Conard, 1892. Creamy white, yellow base.
Hon. Edith Gifford.Guillot, 1882. White, centre flesh.
Innocent Pirola.Ducher, 1878. Creamy white, shaded yellow.
Isabella Sprunt.Verchaffelt, 1866. Pale sulphur.
Ivory.America Rose Co., 1902. Ivory-white sport from Golden Gate.
Le Pactole. Sulphur yellow, pointed buds.
Madame Bravy.Guillot, 1846. White, centre tinted pink.
Madame Carnot.Pernet, 1894. Yellowish white on deep yellow ground.
Madame Hoste.Guillot, 1887. Primrose yellow.
Madame de Watteville.Guillot, 1883. Salmon white, petals edged bright rose.
Marie Van Houtte.Ducher, 1871. Canary yellow, petals tipped rose.
Marquis de Moustier.Dubreuil, 1906. Ivory, reflexed pearly white.
Medea.Wm. Paul & Son, 1891. Lemon yellow, canary centre.
Mrs. Miles Kennedy.Alex. Dickson, 1906. Silvery white, shaded buff, pink centre.
Muriel Grahame.Alex. Dickson, 1898. Pale cream, flushed rose.
Niphetos.Bougère, 1844. Pure white.
Peace.Piper, 1902. Pale lemon.
Tea. WHITE MAMAN COCHET.Tea.WHITE MAMAN COCHET.
Tea.WHITE MAMAN COCHET.
Reine Natalie de Serbie.Soupert et Notting, 1886. Creamy flesh.
Rubens.Robert, 1859. White, delicately tinted rose.
Souvenir d'Élise Vardon.Marest, 1854. Creamy white.
Souvenir de Gabrielle Drevet.Guillot, 1865. Salmon white.
Souvenir de S. A. Prince.Prince, 1889. Pure white sport from Souv. d'un Ami.
The Bride.May, 1885. White sport from Catherine Mermet.
White Maman Cochet.Cook, 1898. White sport from Maman Cochet.
Hybrid Tea-Roses,R. indica odorata hybrida
Ofall gracious gifts that the patient science of hybridists has bestowed on rose-lovers, the development of the Hybrid Tea is perhaps the greatest. For here we have a rose with the substance and vigorous constitution of the Hybrid Perpetual, one of its parents, and the varied and delicate colours of its other parent, the Tea rose. Whether for the garden, to keep it brilliant with blossom from early summer to latest autumn, or to deck the exhibition bench with largest and most lovely blooms, the Hybrid Tea stands unrivalled. And yet in 1867 there was but one solitary specimen of the race in existence, and that one was not recognized as being the forerunner of a new family, or distinct in any way, except in its beauty. For the noble roseLa France, which M. Guillot sent out in that year, was classed then, and for many years after, as a Hybrid Perpetual.
It was not until 1873 that Messrs. Paul & Son, of Cheshunt, sent out the first so-called Hybrid Tea, theCheshunt Hybrid. Though in the same year Lacharme introduced that priceless roseCaptain Christy:but this, likeLa France, was for many years classed with the Hybrid Perpetuals.
Hybrid Tea. BARDOU JOB.Hybrid Tea.BARDOU JOB.
Hybrid Tea.BARDOU JOB.
Hybrid Tea. BARDOU JOB.Hybrid Tea.BARDOU JOB.
Hybrid Tea.BARDOU JOB.
Other new roses of this new race followed slowly—very slowly—till 1890. I have just gone carefully through the catalogues of the chief English and foreign rose-growers; and find that in 1889 only twenty-four Hybrid Teas were known. There were some truly admirable roses among them.Camoënscame in 1881.Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, one of the most valuable, 1882. DelightfulPapa Gontier, 1883.Grace DarlingandGloire Lyonnaise, 1884—the latter a rose which is not as generally cultivated as it should be; for grown as a bush it is the perfection of an autumn rose.Viscountess Folkestone, 1886.Bardou Job, 1887—a slightly capricious rose in some places: but so beautiful with its great semi-double flowers of scarlet-crimson flaked with velvety-black, that one bears with its little ways patiently, rejoicing when it condescends to respond to one's care. In 1888 came Bennett'sThe Meteor. In 1889Augustine Guinoisseau, invaluable for massing. And either that year or the next, the gorgeous and thornyMarquise de Salisbury.
But the real development of the race began in 1890. And since then each year has seen one superb rose after another produced in such numbers, that it is as difficult to keep count of them as to determine which of the magnificent novelties should be picked out for special mention.
It must be noted that there has been rather too great a tendency to raise enormous roses of slightly pale colouring, and among them many are merely fit for exhibition and of little use to the amateur for garden purposes. But of late these faint shades have been successfully fought against; and while size has been preserved the colours are growing deeper and richer each year. So that we are surely drawing nearer the not impossible day when we may get Hybrid Tea roses as brilliant a red or yellow asDuke of EdinburghorMaréchal Niel, as large asFrau Karl Druschki, and as fragrant, let us hope, asLa France. As it is, it is difficult to imagine anything much more vivid than the orange, deep salmon-pink, copper-red, and rosy-apricot of some of the novelties of 1906-7-8. Among them may be noted Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Son'sDorothy Page-Roberts,Souvenir de Stella Gray;Messrs. Wm. Paul'sWarrior;MM. Soupert et Notting's magnificentMme. Segond Weber,Mme. J. W. Budde,Marichu Zayas;M. Pernet-Ducher'sMme. Maurice de Luze, andMrs. Aaron Ward.
These roses, as I have said, are the result of crossings between the Hybrid Perpetual and the Tea rose. And if we think for a moment how these two families came into existence, we shall see what a curious and interesting blending of many different strains has been needed to develop this beautiful and valuable race. But the end has not come yet to what may beaccomplished. And there can be no doubt that many remarkable developments in the history of rose-growing still lie before us and succeeding generations, when the results of fresh experiments with the Wichuraiana, the Rugosa, and other roses are made known.
Hybrid Tea. Irish Elegance.Single Hybrid Tea.IRISH ELEGANCE.
Single Hybrid Tea.IRISH ELEGANCE.
Single Hybrid Tea. IRISH GLORY.Single Hybrid Tea.IRISH GLORY.
Single Hybrid Tea.IRISH GLORY.
One most interesting and valuable development of the race has already been made, and must not be passed over in silence. I mean the single Irish roses of Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Sons, which form a little class to themselves. These roses are most attractive, as they are densely covered through the whole season with flowers of varied and vivid colours, pure white, coral pink, brilliant crimson, bronzy-scarlet, old-gold and rose, saffron and rose. And when we add to these beautiful shades their fragrance, their handsome glossy foliage, their bushy growth, and their vigorous hardy constitution, it is not surprising that since their first appearance in 1900 they have rushed into favour, and received many cards of commendation from the N. R. S.
With such a wealth of fine varieties to choose from, it is a little difficult to make a selection of the very best. But the surest guide is the judges' verdict at recent shows for exhibition roses and those of the decorative class, as shown in the admirable analysis drawn up by Mr. Edward Mawley, the distinguished honorary secretary of the National Rose Society. To this analysis I have added a few of my own favourites,and some of the very newest roses which have hardly yet found their place in English shows.
Hybrid Tea. CAROLINE TESTOUT.Hybrid Tea.CAROLINE TESTOUT.
Hybrid Tea.CAROLINE TESTOUT.
Pink and Rose Hybrid Teas.—I rejoice to see that my own selection almost heads the list—the beautifulCaroline Testout;for this is a rose suited to every purpose, whether for exhibition, massing in the garden, or growing as a noble standard.Mrs. W. J. Grant(syn.Belle Siebrecht) stands next; followed byLa France,Lady Ashtown,Killarney—but let this be grown quite by itself, as it is one of the worst roses for mildew—GustaveGrünerwald, a rose I have not yet grown, but one of the most satisfactory;Countess of Caledon,Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt,Gladys Harkness,William Shean,Mme. Abel Chatenay,Mme. Jules Grolez, one of the most useful of rose colour,Papa Lambert,Robert Scott. Others of the newest pink roses areCelia,Gabrielle Pierrette,Hon. Ina Bingham,H. Armytage Moore,Maria Girard.
Among crimsons the best are the well known and beautifulLiberty,Marquise de Salisbury,Hugh Dickson,J. B. Clark,Richmond,C. J. Grahame,Reine Olga de Wurtemburg,Étoile de France,Lady Rossmore,Triumph,Gruss an Teplitz,Morgenrot,Bardou Job,The Dandy,Warrior, and two grand novelties, the American roseGeneral Mac Arthur, andJohn Laing Paul, little known as yet, but certain to be widely grown, as isÉcarlate, said to be an even better rose thanLibertyandRichmond.