1. Those who possessed four beasts of burden and one cow.2. " " " two " " " "3. " " " one cow only.
By the Convention above named each class was to receive the following land, to be paid for in certain cases by twenty-two days' labour, 1/10th of the harvest and 1/5th of the hay.
Class1.—(11 pogones, or 5-1/2 hectares), or about 14 acres,namely:3 pogones = about 3-8/10 acres arable.3 " = " 3-8/10 " hay.5 " = " 6-4/10 " pasturage.Class2.—7-8/10 pogones, or about 10 acres, viz.:3-8/10 acres arable.3-8/10 " pasturage.2-8/10 " hay; andClass3.—4-1/2 pogones, or about 5-1/2 acres, viz.:3-8/10 acres arable.1-2/10 " hay.6/10 " pasturage.
In 1864 these holdings, varying, therefore, from 5 to 14 acres, were converted into freeholds at about 2l.per acre, repayable (as stated in the text) in fifteen years, with 10 per cent. interest.
Mr. White, our Minister at Bucarest, has favoured us with the following information on the same subject:—
The peasant heads of families who were endowed with land (in 1864) received freeholds:
In Wallachia 279,684, averaging 9.1 English acres." Moldavia 127,214 " 12.08 " "406,898 holdings, average 10.6 "
The following works, all of which have been consulted in the preparation of this treatise, deal either with the past history or present condition of Roumania. The words italicised are those used in the notes appended to the text, where also references will be found to other books and official reports, of which the titles are given in full.
Almanach de Gotha. Justus Perthes, Gotha. 1882. 'Royaume de Roumanie,' pp. 898-907.
AnnualReport of the Board of Trade, 1880.
Aurelian, Odobesco, and others (Commission princière). 'Noticesur la Roumanie.' Paris: A. Frank. 1867.
Aurelian, 'Terra Nostra.' Bucuresci, Tipografia Academiei Române. 1880.
Beaure et Mathorel. 'La Roumanie.' Calmann-Lévy, Paris. 1878.
Cantacuzene. 'Cenni sulla Romania.' (Roumanian Geographical Society.) 1875.
Carmen Sylva(the Queen of Roumania). 'Rumänische Dichtungen.' Leipzig: Friedrich. 1881.
Carra. 'Histoire de la Moldavie et de la Valachie.' Jassy. 1777.Consular Reports on Roumania (referred to specially in the text)—Consul-General Green. May 1873.Consul-General Vivian. October 1876.Consul-General Sanderson. 1877.Vice-Consul Bonham. 1878.Sold by King, King Street, Westminster.
Dierauer, Johannes. 'Beiträge zur Geschichte Trajan's.' Leipzig: Teubner. 1868.
Dion Cassius.'Histoire Romaine' de, par E. Gros. Paris: Firmin Didot. 1867.
Engel. 'Geschichte der Moldau und Walachei' (in 'Allgemeine Weltgeschichte,' Band 49). Halle: Gebauer. 1801.
Felix, Doctor L. 'Miscarea Populatiunii Romaniei.' Bucuresci: Tipografia Academiei. 1880.
Fife-Cookson. 'With the Armies of the Balkans.' Cassell. 1880.
Filekvon Wittinghausen. 'Das Königreich Rumänien.' Wien: Carl Gerold's Sohn. 1881.
Freeman, Edward A. 'Historical Essays.' Macmillan. 1879. 'General Sketch of European History.' Macmillan. 1877.
Gerando. A. de. 'Siebenbürgen und seine Bewohner.' Lorck, Leipzig. 1845.
Gibbon's'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.' Tegg's edition.
Hallam's'Middle Ages.' Murray. 1860.
Hammer-Purgstall. 'Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches.' 4 vols. Hartleben, Pesth. 1834-1836.
Hauer, Franz Ritter von. 'Geologie Siebenbürgen's.'
Henke, Rudolf. 'Rumänien, Land und Volk.' Leipzig: Otto Wigand. 1877.
Kogalnitchan, M. de. 'Histoire de la Dacie, des Valaques Transdanubiens et de la Valacie.' Berlin: Behr. 1854.
Kunisch. 'Eine Fahrt nach dem Orient.' Berlin: Effert & Lindtner. 1869.
Lauriani, A. Treb. 'Schneller Ueberblick der Geschichte der Romänen.' Bukuresti: Buchdruckerei des National-Collegiums. 1846.
Lesage, A. 'Atlas Historique.' Paris: P. Didot aîné. 1823.
Merivale. 'The Romans under the Empire.' London: Longmans. 1852-1862.
Michelet. 'Légendes démocratiques du Nord.' Madame Rosetti, 1848. Paris: Garnier. 1854.
Neigebaur, J.F. 'Moldau und Walachei.' J.U. Kern, Breslau. 1854.
Obédénare, M.C. 'La Roumanie Economique.' Paris: Leroux. 1876.
Ozanne. 'Three Years in Roumania.' Chapman & Hall. 1878.
Paget. 'Hungary and Transylvania.' London: Murray. 1850.
Peters, Prof. K.F. 'Die Donau und ihr Gebiet.' Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1876.
Petermann's'Mittheilungen.' Ergänzungsheft 4. Justus Perthes, Gotha.
Photino, Dionysius. Ἱστορία τἧς πάλαι Δακίασ. Vienna: Svek. 1818.
Píč, Jos. Lad. 'Ueber die Abstammung der Rumänen.' Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1880.
Piranese. Engravings of Trajan's Column.
Quinet, Edgar, Œuvres Complètes de. Tome vi., 'Les Roumains.' Pagnerre, Paris. 1857.
Raicewich. 'Bemerkungen über die Moldau und Wallachey.' Wien: Edeln von Kurzbeck. 1789.
Regnault. 'Histoire des Principantés Danubiennes. Paulin & Chevalier, Paris. 1855.
Reissenberger, Ludwig. 'Die bischöfliche Klosterkirche bei Kurtea d'Argyisch.' Wien: K.K. Hof-und Staatsdruckerei. 1860.
Roesler, Robt. 'Romianische Studien.' Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1871.
Russo-Turkish War, Cassell's History of the. Cassell.
Russo-Turkish 'War Correspondence' of the 'Daily News.' Macmillan. 1878.
Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and RomanBiography. Murray. Dictionary of AncientGeography. Murray. 1872-1873.
Stanley. 'Rouman Anthology.' Hertford: Austin. 1856.
'Statistica din Romania.' Bucuresci: Tipografia Statululiu. 1880.
Tacitus, Bohn's.
Teutschländer, W. St. 'Michael der Tapfere.' Wien: Gräser. Bucarest: Sotschek. 1879.
Tocilesco. 'Dacia inainte de Romani.' Bucuresci: Tipografia Academiei Române. 1880.
Vaillant, J.A. 'La Românie.' Paris: A. Bertrand. 1845.
Wilkinson, W. 'An Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia,' London: Longmans. 1820.
Zallony, Marc. Philippe. 'Fassai sur les Phanariotes.' Marseille; Ant. Ricard. 1824.