Notes and Queries.(Continued from pagevi.)

woodworking machine

HOYT & BROTHER

Manufacturing Co.,AURORA, ILL.MANUFACTURERS OFMachinery for Working Wood.

Planing Mill Machinerya Specialty.

Send for Catalogue.

CHILTON PAINTS.⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩The Chilton Manuf’g Co. would call the attention of Architects and persons desiring a good article to their Pure Linseed Oil Paints. The most durable and therefore the most economical in use. Sample cards of colors sent on application.⎫⎪⎬⎪⎭147 Fulton St., New York.141 Milk Street, Boston.

HULL’S

Patent Wrought Iron Steel DomeFURNACE.

(PATENTED SEPTEMBER 5th, 1882.)

furnace

Unequaled for Heating Power, Durability, and Freedom from Gas.Send for Circular and References.Four Sizes.Portable and Brick Set.Shaking and Dumping Grate.No Charge for Estimating.

MANUFACTURED AND SET BYHULL, GRIPPEN & CO.310 & 312 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK.

THEIMPROVED FLORIDASTEAM HEATER

steam heater

The best and most complete House Heater in the world. Self‐feeding, automatic, portable and saves all expense of brick‐work. Most economical. Carries steam from 10 to 12 hours without attention. Compact. 14 sizes, from 4 to 6 feet high. Anti‐clinker grate, easily shaken, no dust. Sales larger than the combined sales of all reputable Steam Heaters.

3500 in ACTUAL USE,all giving the best satisfaction. Estimates furnished on application. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. AddressPIERCE, BUTLER & PIERCE MFG. CO.,Sole Manufacturers,SYRACUSE, N. Y.

GENERAL⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩GEO. B COBB, 97 William St., New York, N. Y.CRANE BROS. MFG. CO., Chicago, Ill.JAS. B. ROBERTSON & CO., Baltimore, Md.N. O. NELSON MFG. CO., St. Louis, Mo.B. TABER & SON, Chicago, Ill.JAMES P. WOOD & CO., Philadelphia, Pa.AGENCIES

Black Diamond Steel Dome Furnaces.

furnace

ALL SIZES.

Patent Self‐Cleaning Ash Pit Obviates labor, dirt, and annoyance. Sure preventive from fire caused by hot ashes.

PORTABLE and BRICK SET.

Common Sense Clinker‐Crushing Grate. Great saving of labor and fuel.Perfect Dump.

Patented and Manufactured byThe Schoen Heater and Stove Co.Office and Salesroom13 North Eleventh St.Philadelphia.

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE.

AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY TOWN.

BENJ. THACKARACHAS. THACKARAA. M. THACKARAGAS FIXTURESChandeliers, Lanterns, Brackets, Electroliers, Ecclesiastical Decorations, Lamps, and GrillsIN ALL Metals.Designs Furnished, Estimates Given.Correspondence Solicited.Holiday Goods.Bric‐a‐Brac.THACKARA SONS & CO.,1300 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

BENJ. THACKARACHAS. THACKARAA. M. THACKARA

GAS FIXTURES

Chandeliers, Lanterns, Brackets, Electroliers, Ecclesiastical Decorations, Lamps, and GrillsIN ALL Metals.

Designs Furnished, Estimates Given.

Correspondence Solicited.

Holiday Goods.Bric‐a‐Brac.

THACKARA SONS & CO.,1300 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Bartlett’s Wrought‐Iron, Brick‐Lined Portable Furnace.

THE VETERAN,

For fifty years has proven the Veteran’s Power, Durability, Efficiency, and Reliability.

HOT AIRRADIATORSTEEL DOMEJOB BARTLETT’s SONSPHILAD.USE EGG COALCLEAN OUT AND CHECK DOORVETERAN PORTABLE HEATERASHPIT MUST BE KEPT CLEANCOLD AIRPATD SEP. 5. 1882 AND JULY 20. 1886

HOT AIRRADIATORSTEEL DOME

JOB BARTLETT’s SONSPHILAD.

USE EGG COALCLEAN OUT AND CHECK DOOR

VETERAN PORTABLE HEATER

ASHPIT MUST BE KEPT CLEANCOLD AIR

PATD SEP. 5. 1882 AND JULY 20. 1886

NO DUST,NO GAS,NO SMOKE,NO DAMPERS.

No Overheated Cast‐iron Surfaces.

Fire Clay Lined Fire Chambers.

The Veteran is made of Heavy Boiler Plate Iron. A Shaking and Dumping Grate is attached, which will give you great satisfaction in its control and management. Pure warm air in great abundance. Every furnace is warranted to give perfect satisfaction.

ESTABLISHED 1847.Job Bartlett’s Sons, 10th & Filbert Sts., Phila.ESTIMATES AND ADVICE FREE.

The Globe Steam Heater

DAMPERSAFETY VALVETO DRAFT DOOR

Has been thoroughly tried in many private and public buildings and always found to be the best. Very economical, and easily managed. Large surface exposed directly to the fire. Ask for all particulars before you place your order for any other.

THE GLOBE SAFETY DAMPER REGULATOR SHOULD BE USED ON EVERY STEAM HEATER IN USE.

For new Illustrated Price List of Globe Steam Heating Appliances, address

Globe Steam Heater Co., North Wales, Pa.

THE DECORATOR AND FURNISHER.FLEMING BREWSTER & ALLEY. N. Y.PRESIDENT’S OFFICE OF THE DECORATOR AND FURNISHER COMPANY.

The Decorator and Furnisher.

A magnificently illustrated magazine devoted to the one subject of home adornment, both in furnishing and decorating. It is an artistic and practical answer to every inquiry and want in beautifying the home.

The Decorator and Furnishercontains original designs and articles on decoration by the best writers and most prominent artists.

The most successful magazine of its kind in this country, and it deserves all the prosperity it enjoys.—Buffalo News.

Yearly Subscription. $4.00. Single Copies, 35c.

30 & 32 East 14th St., New‐York.

Art Stained Glass

FOR CHURCHES, DWELLINGS, Etc.

Keystone Stained Glass Works,

271 SOUTH 5th ST., PHILADELPHIA.

The Combination Heater.

THE IMPROVED ECONOMY

Combination Steam and Warm Air

HEATER

IN ITS MANY POINTS OF MERIT

LEADS EVERY HEATER MADE.

SIMPLE, PRACTICAL, ECONOMICAL,EMBODYINGDURABILITY and ABSOLUTE SAFETY.

Low Pressure, Radiates Heat with from 1½ to 3 pounds of Steam. One fire generates both Warm Air and Steam, increasing its capacity 25 per cent. over any All‐Steam Apparatus. Automatically regulated, maintaining a uniform temperature.

Our System of Warming Buildings with Steam Radiation and Warm Air insures

PERFECT VENTILATION.

THE ECONOMY WARM AIR FURNACESHave a reputation that is neither excelled nor equalled forDURABILITY, POWER, AND ECONOMY,and are guaranteed in every respect.

Send for New 72 Page Catalogue,giving full particulars, descriptions, and illustrations of 7 different styles of the

The Double Radiator EconomyWarm Air Furnace.

Combination HeatersAND THEEconomy Warm Air

FURNACES.Manufactured solely by the

J. F. Pease Furnace Co.,

Syracuse, N. Y., and Toronto, Ont.

Eastern Agents.—Earl B. Chace & Co.,206 Water St., New York;John Demarest, General New England Agent, 112 Portland St., Boston;W. H. Fenner & Co., Providence.

Western Agents.—Adkins & Hoffman, 177 East Randolph St., Chicago, Ill.;Goss Heating & Plumbing Co., 703 Main St., Kansas City, Mo.;Arthur A. Pond, 35 Washington Ave. South, Minneapolis, Minn.;Gage & Horton Mfg. Co., 1231 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo.

The M. H. JACOBS’ FURNACE CO.,Manufacturers of the celebrated wrought ironspiralradiator and steel dome portable

WARM AIRFURNACES

With Hot Water Attachment.

Most Perfect and Durable

THE KINGof HEATERS

furnace

It wears theCrown ofSuperiority.

Most EconomicalANDPOWERFUL.

The Spiral Radiator is exciting universal attention and careful examination by the public, as evidenced by the drift of popular favor. A cursory examination alone is sufficient to show its merits and superiority. It combines all the requisites of a successful furnace, viz.: Future Maintenance, Efficiency, and Power to Economize and Radiate the Heat Desired. No less attention has been given to the qualities upon which depend the health and vitality of our families.

MANUFACTURED BYM. H. JACOBS’ FURNACE CO., Syracuse, N. Y.

“TheAUBURN”

Steam Heating Boilers,

Automatic, Self‐Feeding, Portable.

steam boiler

Requires attention but once in from twelve to twenty‐four hours. Fuel magazine surrounded by water. Self‐locking shaking grate. Waste of coalimpossible.No dust.No gas.

The Woodcock Patent Shaking Grate,For Boiler Furnaces of all Descriptions

Saves its cost in a year, supplanting all other shaking grates. No waste of coal. No burnt or broken grates. Self‐locking, and as nearly automatic as a grate can be made.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue.

Woodcock & Co., Auburn, N. Y.

so as to form a mixture having the consistency of cream, and apply it immediately with a brush. If this composition be allowed to remain for a day or two, and be then washed off with soap and water, the marble will appear as though it were new.

(6) J. M. D. asks: Is there any virtue in the “divining rod,” so called, as a means of determining the locality of hidden streams of water? A. None whatever. The bobbing of the stick is due to a muscular pressure by the holder.

(7) C. W. C. desires (1) a recipe for a stain to imitate mahogany on white birch wood, that will not raise the grain of the wood. A. A dark mahogany stain is made as follows: Boil half a pound of madder and 2 ounces of logwood chips in 1 gallon of water, and brush well over the wood while hot; when dry, go over the whole with pearlash solution, 2 drachms to the quart. 2. Can you give recipe for making the acid stain? A. In the acid stain you take nitric acid, and dilute with 10 parts of water, and wash the wood with it. 3. Are there any books which give full directions for imitating the different woods? A. We would recommend for your purpose Spons’ Workshop Receipts (second series), which we can send you, postpaid, for $2.00.

(8) A subscriber asks how to make spirit varnish suitable for varnishing carved wood. A. Take 1 ounce copal and ½ ounce shellac; powder them well, and put them into a bottle or jar containing 1 quart alcohol. Place the mixture in a warm place and shake it occasionally until the gums are completely dissolved; and when strained the varnish will be ready for use.

(9) J. W. B. desires a recipe for some fire‐extinguishing liquid. A. One of the best solutions for the extinction of incipient fires consists of crude calcium chloride 20 parts, salt 5 parts, dissolved in water 75 parts. Keep at hand, and apply with a hand pump.

(10) G. H. A. says: I have lately made a workshop of an upper room, and have put in a lathe, boiler, and engine of a total weight of 2,400 pounds, resting upon 3 joists 3 inches by 9 inches by 16 feet 0 inches. Will it strengthen the floor sufficiently to enable it to carry the increased weight if I bolt three 3 inch by 8 inch joists to the existing ones? A. You had better use 4 inch by 8 inch joists bolted with ⅜ inch bolts about 10 inches apart. Take care to provide solid bearings for your new joists, wedging the ends up with tiles in cement.

(11) W. A. writes: I have noticed in your issue of theScientific American, at various times, the receipt for making a printing machine called the hektograph. You also gave a recipe for making a black ink to be used with the same. I have tried both, but I find a great difficulty in gaining a success. I have tried the process for the ink in the manner you describe, but I fail to produce any copies. Ink is prepared with nigrosine. It will not create a bronze. Would you therefore kindly direct me in the right direction, that is to say, to get a black ink that can be used by the hektograph? A. The ink you desire is made by dissolving soluble nigrosine (aniline black) in 5 to 7 parts of water. It should be a saturated solution and rather thick. For use on the hektograph it is best to use a purple ink. See “The Copying Pad,” etc., contained inScientific American Supplement, No. 438.

(12) A. C. R. writes: Can you recommend me a good rubber cement? I wish to cement leather together, the cement to be waterproof, to resist oil, and the leather to retain its elasticity after pressing. A. Dissolve gutta percha in bisulphide of carbon; shave off the edges of the leather, and pour on the cement; allow to evaporate to dryness. Then put the two faces together, previously heating thoroughly, and press until cool.

(13) G. F. asks the best kind of a vessel to make liquid gold in, for potter’s use. A. Either a glass or a porcelain vessel will answer.

(14) W. J. M. asks how papier mache is made to stand the action of water. A. Coat with a mixture made by fusing together equal parts of pitch and gutta percha, to which is added two parts of linseed oil containing five parts of litharge. Continue the heat until the ingredients are uniformly commingled, and apply warm.

(15) J. D. & Co. ask a process to prevent the smuts from escaping in the air from a lampblack house. A. Carry the outlet of your lampblack chamber to one side and into the top of a vertical shaft, where place a rose jet of water. Have the water drop vertically in an even spray, so as to produce a draught down the shaft. The water will gather the waste lampblack, which can be either utilized or run into the sewer. A vent at the bottom of the shaft may connect with a chimney or into the open air. A pump or city water supply will be required.

(16) W. D. G., Jr., asks how large a main pipe will be required to supply 6 hydrants and 50 dwelling houses, the water to be brought 1 mile with a 70′ head; the hydrants to be used with a 1″ nozzle, and there being no probability of more than two being required at a time? A. About a 6″ pipe; a smaller one would not give the desired pressure for hydrant uses.

(17) S. M. writes: Can you give a formula for a brilliant waterproof finishing polish to be used on veneer after it is rubbed down with pumice stone and water? The polish to be applied the same as French polish. Use linseed oil 1½ pounds, amber 1 pound, litharge 5 ounces, white lead, pulverized, 5 ounces, minium 5 ounces. Boil the linseed oil in an untinned copper vessel, and suspend in it the litharge and minium in a small bag, which must touch the bottom of the vessel. Continue the boiling until the oil has acquired a deep brown color, then take out of the bag and put in a clove of garlic; this is to be repeated 7 or 8 times, the boiling being always continued. Before the amber is added to the oil it is to be mixed with 2 ounces linseed oil and melted over a fire that is well kept up. When the mass is fluid, it is to be boiled and stirred continually for 2 or 3 minutes; afterward filter the mixture, and preserve it in bottles tightly corked. When this varnish is used, the wood must be previously well polished and covered with a thin coat of soot and spirits of turpentine. When the coat is dry some of the varnish may be applied, which should be equally distributed on every part with a small, fine sponge. This operation must be repeated four times, being always careful that each coat will be well dried first. After the last coat of varnish, the wood must be dried in an oven and afterward polished.

(18) G. P. writes: We want some plan to prevent the noise or work of our lodge room (I.O.O.F.) from being heard in the room below; we have a good floor and carpet, good partitions, walls plastered, etc., but are willing to go to quite an expense to remedy the present defect on this score. A. Probably you have no deafening under the floor. In such case there are only two ways that we can suggest for your trouble: To take up the floor and put in a plaster deafening between the seams. Next, to take up the carpet and lay two thicknesses of roof felting or paper boards (book‐binders’ boards might do, or paper carpet lining). Then lay battens across the floor, and a new floor on the battens. Do not nail the battens to the old floor. Then lay the carpet lining and the carpet on the lining.

(19) W. A.—To clean marble from discoloration: Try 2 parts sodium carbonate, 1 of pumice stone, and 1 of finely powdered chalk. Mix into a fine paste with water. Rub this over the marble, and the stains will be removed; then wash with soap and water.

(20) F. B. asks in regard to papier mache floor covering: 1. Will it hurt to use printed paper? A. According to the article “A Papier Mache Floor Covering” we find Manila paper recommended. It is very likely that newspaper would answer, but it is by no means as strong an article as the variety spoken of. 2. How thick will that covering be? A. The thickness depends upon whether more than a single thickness of the paper is used—probably from one‐sixteenth to one‐eighth of an inch in thickness. 3. How long will it be before it is ready for use? A. That depends entirely upon the drying; if artificial heat is applied, we should think that the whole operation could be carried through and the covering finished within a week.

(21) C. C. C. asks: Which would be the best test for water works—to have three streams on one main near each other, or three streams on different mains scattered over the town? The mains 8 inches, 6 inches, and 4 inches, works half a mile from town. A. If you are testing in the interest of contractors, place the trial streams as near the source of supply as possible, and also near the 8 inch main. A fair test will be to locate the streams widely apart on one distributing branch.

(22) F. L. asks how to imitate walnut graining. A. Try the following: The wood, previously thoroughly dried and warmed, is coated once or twice with a stain composed of 1 ounce extract of walnut peel dissolved in 6 ounces of soft water by heating it to boiling, and stirring. The wood, thus treated, when half dry is brushed with a solution of 1 ounce potassium bichromate in 5 ounces boiling water, and is then allowed to dry thoroughly, and is to be rubbed and polished as usual.

(23) Z. T. D. asks: How much water per second will flow through a 14 inch pipe, 80 feet long, with 8 feet head? Also, 18 inch and 21 inch pipes, same conditions? A. The discharge for 14 inch pipe, 18 cubic feet per second. For 18 inch pipe, 34 cubic feet per second. For 21 inch pipe, 50 cubic feet per second.

Full plans and specifications for any of the various buildings illustrated in this work may be obtained, on very moderate terms, at this office. These include churches, schools, dwellings, enlargements, extensions, wings, etc. The two volumes for the past year, which may be purchased for $3, contain nearly 200 elevations and many plans. Address Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, Architects and Builders EditionScientific American.

PATENTS.

Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of theScientific American, continue to examine improvements, and to act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors.

In this line of business they have hadforty‐one years’ experience, and now haveunequaled facilitiesfor the preparation of Patent Drawings, Specifications, and the prosecution of Applications for Patents in the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Copyrights for Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness, on very reasonable terms.

A pamphlet sent free of charge, on application, containing full information about Patents and how to procure them; directions concerning Labels, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of Patents, etc.

We also send,free of charge, a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world.

MUNN & CO., Solicitors of Patents,361 Broadway, New York.BRANCH OFFICES.—No. 622 and 624 F Street, Pacific Building, near 7th Street, Washington, D. C.

Duplex Steam‐Heater Co.Manufacturers under FISKE’S PATENTS,10 Barclay Street, New York.

Simplest in Construction. Largest Steaming Capacity.Write for References and Discount.Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price‐List.Agents Wanted Everywhere.

Simplest in Construction. Largest Steaming Capacity.Write for References and Discount.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price‐List.Agents Wanted Everywhere.

THE NEW ERA RADIATOR

SEMI‐SECTIONAL VIEW.

Will utilize the heat that now escapes up your chimney.

It will save500to1,000lbs. of coal out of every ton.

Can be put on any stove pipe, either in the room with the stove, to increase the heat, or it will heat room adjoining or room above.

COSTS LITTLE.SAVES MUCH.

Send for Circular and Testimonials.

Wilmot Castle & Co.,Rochester, N. Y.

GATES IMPROVED HOT WATER HEATER

Office of FITCHBURG GAS CO.Fitchburg, May 17, 1887.Mr.E. N. Gates.Dear Sir: Having now used your system of Hot Water Circulation in my house from December first to May fifth, it gives me pleasure to say that it has met the requirements of the extreme cold of the past winter and the mild weather of the spring months in the most perfect manner, giving out just the temperature for comfort in all the variations of temperature outside, and with great economy in fuel. Yours respectfully,H. F. COGGSHALL,Treasurer and Manager.

Office of FITCHBURG GAS CO.

Fitchburg, May 17, 1887.Mr.E. N. Gates.Dear Sir: Having now used your system of Hot Water Circulation in my house from December first to May fifth, it gives me pleasure to say that it has met the requirements of the extreme cold of the past winter and the mild weather of the spring months in the most perfect manner, giving out just the temperature for comfort in all the variations of temperature outside, and with great economy in fuel. Yours respectfully,H. F. COGGSHALL,Treasurer and Manager.

The following Special Advantages over other Methods of Heating:

1st.—Over Hot Air Furnaces.—No Dust! No Burnt Air! No Gas! and ability to send the heat where it is wanted, without regard to direction of wind or height of cellar, and using less fuel for amount of space heated.

2d.—Over Steam, High or Low Pressure.—From the fact the temperature of water in radiators can be between 70° and 212° or higher, thus adapting it to all degrees of outside temperature, thereby, taking the season through, it makes a great saving in fuel in this point alone, besides the comfort of having a building evenly heated.

3d.—Over Other Hot Water Systems.—In all others, the water goes to Radiators from one common reservoir. Therefore, being next to impossible to have all rooms heated alike. Different rooms will receive current of water at different rates of speed. With this system all rooms can be heated alike, when desired, from the fact that each current is provided with an independent boiler, and the hot water must go where the pipe leads, and you have perfect control over every room, and can be put in at less cost than any other system of hot water heating to do the same work.

For Illustrated Circular, References, and Full Particulars, addressE. N. GATES, Box 1504, FITCHBURGH, MASS.

NEW YORK SAFETY DUMB WAITER FIXTURESPatented United States, April 19th, 1887; in Canada, May 18th, 1887.

dumb waiter

The MOST COMPLETE, SIMPLE and ABSOLUTELY SAFE WAITER made. Provided with SAFETY ROPE, AVOIDING ACCIDENT. ENTIRELY NOISELESS, and moves with perfect ease.

FIXTURES ONE SIZE ONLY, adapted to any size waiter. Can be adjusted by any CARPENTER or MECHANIC. DIAGRAM and FULL DIRECTIONS ACCOMPANY EACH SET.

HANDSOMELY BRONZED, and packed ONE SET in a BOX. Sold by the Hardware trade.

PRICE, 15.00.

For catalogue address the manufacturers.

THE EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Limited,Poughkeepsie, N. Y.or, JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., Sole Mfrs. Agents,113 Chambers Street, New York.

N. W. AYER–SON. PHILA.

ARTISTIC HOMES, 1887.

The most practical work published. Contains76full pageIllustrationsof Queen Anne and Colonial Villas and Cottages, costing from $1500 upward. Price$4.50. Parties contemplating building cheap or expensive residences will find it to their advantage to correspond with us.

FULLER & WHEELER,

Architects,ALBANY, N. Y.

western tennessee hospital for the insaneOur celebratedALDERLYbrand was selected by the Commissioners of the Western Tennessee Hospital for the Insane at Bolivar, Tennessee, for the Roof, Gutters and Valleys of the building, overall other leading brandsof Terne Plates after a thorough test of all its qualities.These buildings required over1000boxes ofALDERLYBrand Terne Plate, which is thelargest contract ever made for one particular brandof Roofing Tin.TheALDERLYBrand was selectedpurely on its merits.GUMMEY, SPERING, INGRAM & CO.,PHILADELPHIA—LIVERPOOL.P. S.—TheALDERLYis the onlyperfectly squareTerne plate in the market, beingreshearedbefore coating.

western tennessee hospital for the insane

Our celebratedALDERLYbrand was selected by the Commissioners of the Western Tennessee Hospital for the Insane at Bolivar, Tennessee, for the Roof, Gutters and Valleys of the building, overall other leading brandsof Terne Plates after a thorough test of all its qualities.

These buildings required over1000boxes ofALDERLYBrand Terne Plate, which is thelargest contract ever made for one particular brandof Roofing Tin.

TheALDERLYBrand was selectedpurely on its merits.

GUMMEY, SPERING, INGRAM & CO.,PHILADELPHIA—LIVERPOOL.

P. S.—TheALDERLYis the onlyperfectly squareTerne plate in the market, beingreshearedbefore coating.

THE FEW ADVANTAGES OF THE COMBINATION SYSTEM AS DEMONSTRATED BY

THE PERFECTLY COMBINED STEAM AND WARM AIR HEATING APPARATUS.

Portable: 3 sizes, 28, 32, and 36 inch.

1st.—Two results with but one fire.

2d.—All benefit derived from a Steam Heater is radiated in the Combination, while no sacrifice is made in wasting what you are compelled to burn before reaching Steam Radiation (212 degrees).

3d.—With steam, when fire is banked for the night, radiation ceases—in the Combination, never!

4th.—With steam, the consumption of fuel is the same at 60° as it is at zero. In the Combination, you burn only what the outside temperature demands.

5th.—The drafts are automatically arranged, requiring no further attention.

6th.—In zero weather all Hot Air Heaters are weak—in the Combination, steam supplies the power whenever wanted.

Brick set: 5 sizes, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 48 inch.

With these positive advantages, it is no difficult matter to decide which to purchase.

A home well heated is a necessity. This comfort can be secured by a little outlay.

THE PERFECTLY COMBINED

Steam and Warm Air Heating ApparatusIS MANUFACTURED BY THEWEIR & NIXON STEAM and WARM AIR HEATING CO.1410 & 1412 North Sixth St., Philadelphia, Pa.CATALOGUES SENT TO PARTIES WISHING HEATING APPARATUS.

TheOMEGA FIREPLACE FURNACE

fireplaces

20 page illustrated catalogue, containing full information and prices, sent to any address.

A Double Heater and Perfect Ventilator. A Revolution in Fireplace Heating. Gives the combined heat of both a Furnace and Fireplace, with Perfect Ventilation. Equalizes the heat in every part of the room. Burns equally well Hard or Soft Coal, Wood or Coke. Address

OMEGA STOVE AND GRATE CO.,89 Euclid Ave.,Cleveland, Ohio.

The Draper Recording Thermometer.

Size 14 × 20 in.Patented. Copyrighted.

This thermometer gives a permanent and continuous record in ink of the temperature. The chart indicating hours of the day and days of the week gives the degrees of temperature from 20° below zero to 110° above. All instruments are accurately adjusted and warranted. The record is easily read and absolutely correct. Sold by the leading instrument dealers and opticians throughout the United States and Canada, and by

The DRAPERMANUFACTURING CO.

Owners of the United States and foreign patents. 152 Front Street, New York

feedwater boiler

THE BARAGWANATH STEAM JACKETFeedwater Boiler and Purifier.

Boils the feedwater. Keeps the boiler clean. Saves boiler repairs. Saves from 15 to 40 per cent. of fuel. Large heating surface. No radiating surface. No back pressure. Thoroughly utilizes the exhaust. Strong and durable. Over 5,000 in use. Send for circular.

WM. BARAGWANATH & SON. 40 West Division Street, Chicago, Ill.

JAS. B. CROUTHERS, M. E., General Eastern Manager, 112 Liberty Street, New York.

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS,DRAWING PAPER,BLUE PROCESS PAPER,AMERICAN LIQUID INK.

A fully illustrated and priced catalogue of 200 pages of all instruments and materials used by draughtsmen sent upon mention of this paper.

G. S. WOOLMAN,116 FULTON ST.,NEW YORK.

“MERSHON” PATENT

SHAKING GRATE

For Steam and Hot Air Furnaces. The most reliable and Perfect Shaking Grate in the world. Send for catalogue. “Mershon” Patent Shaking Grate, Heater and Range Works,

1203 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

HOW TO MAKE AN INCUBATOR.—Full directions, illustrated with 7 figures. Also directions for operating the apparatus. Contained in SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, No.612.Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and from all news‐dealers.

MINERAL WOOL!

INDESTRUCTIBLE. FIRE‐PROOF. SOUND‐PROOF.FROST‐PROOF. VERMIN‐PROOF. ODORLESS.

For Deadening, Fire‐Proofing, Insulation of Heat and Cold in Buildings, Prevention of Frost in Water or Gas Pipes.

MINERAL WOOL FIRE PROOF COVERING(Patented May 29, 1883.)

Also Fire‐Proof Sectional Coverings for Steam Pipes and Boilers. Best non‐conductor for all surfaces, Steam or Fire Heat. Will not Char, Crack, or Burn. Easily applied and removed by any one, and is indorsed by Insurance Companies. For full information and sample free, address

Western Mineral Wool Co.,Box 123. CLEVELAND, O.

EDWARD FORD,Prest.E. L. FORD,Secy.A. PITCAIRN,Vice‐prest.JOHN F. SCOTT,Treas.

PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO.,

CREIGHTON, PA.,

MANUFACTURERS

POLISHED PLATE GLASS.

Ground and Rough Plate Glass for Floors and Skylights.

Three‐sixteenths thickness, made expressly for fine residences.

LARGE AND WIDE GLASS A SPECIALTY.

The Largest Plates of Glass in the cities of Chicago, Cleveland,Detroit, St. Paul, Syracuse, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia,Baltimore, and in many New York buildings, weremanufactured at our works.

IMMENSE PRODUCTION.

The combined production of our two factories is 260,000 square feet per month. The largest production of any factory in the world, which enables us to fill our orders promptly.

The high reputation and unprecedented large sale of glass made by this company since its organization is due entirely to its superior quality, NATURAL GAS alone being used throughout both works as fuel.

—CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.—

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