FOOTNOTES:[1]I. 28. 36: ‘Iniecto ter pulvere curras.’[2]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. i.[3]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. xxxiii.[4]Mon. dell’ Inst.ix. 39.[5]Rayet,Monum. de l’Art Antique, pl. lxxv.[6]Rayet, text to above plate.[7]See below, Ch. VII, VIII.[8]Iliad, xvi. 666.[9]Klein,Euphronios, p. 272. Iris and a female figure stand on either side. Some writers, interpreting the latter as Eos, have seen in the dead body that of Memnon. The point is immaterial to our present purpose.[10]Dumont,Céramiques de la Grèce propre, pl. xxvii.[11]Mon. dell’ Inst.ix. 32. We reproduce only the central group of the painting.[12]Gräber der Hellenen, p. 42, pl. viii. Stackelberg found the coffin himself near the Acharnian Gate at Athens, and drew it immediately on discovery.[13]Pottier et Reinach,La Nécropole de Myrina, p. 101.[14]Herodotus, iv. 26. The word γευÎσια may perhaps mean, as some have suggested, the anniversary of the death, if death be regarded as birth into a new life. The early Christians seem to have adopted this view.[15]P. 519;Charon, 22.[16]II. p. 926;De Luctu, 9.[17]Plutarch,Solon, 21.[18]Athen. Mittheil.i. 143.[19]Plutarch,Aristides. 21.[20]Athen. Mittheil.1893, p. 53.[21]See below, Chap. VI.[22]Ephem. Archaiol.1886, pl. iv.[23]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenb.pl. xxi, 2: cf. xxi. 1, xxii, xxv, &c.[24]Dumont,Céram. de la Grèce, pl. xxv.[25]Pottier,Lécythes blancs, pl. iv: cf. p. 74.[26]No. 735 of the Athens Museum.[27]Pl. lx.[28]In a later Chapter (X) I show by instances how close is sometimes the resemblance in reliefs and on vases between the toilet scenes of daily life and scenes of offering to the dead.[29]Catalogue of Vases, IV. pl. iv. I cannot accept the view of the author of the Catalogue, that all three figures are those of mourners.[30]As to the pillar (κίων) and table (Ï„Ï�άπÎζα), see Chap. VIII.[31]Psyche, Seelencult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen, 1894.[32]Odyssey, iv. 560.[33]x. 28. Cf. Robert,Die Nekyia des Polygnot. Halle, 1892.[34]Antike Denkmäler, published by the German Archaeological Institute, vol. i. pl. xxiii. 3.[35]Nos. 1 and 2 on the plate already cited.[36]Pottier,Lécythes blancs, pl. 3: cf. Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenb.pl. 27.[37]X. 28. 7.[38]SeeWiener Vorlegeblätter, Series E, pl. i-iii: cf. Baumeister,Denkmäler, article ‘Unterwelt.’[39]Cf. the relief published inAthen. Mittheil.iv. pl. ix.[40]L. 50.[41]I. 28. 6.[42]Agesilaus, xi. 8.[43]See Chap. XI.[44]II. p. 364E(translation of Davies and Vaughan).[45]Chap. XII.[46]Plutarch,Pelopidas, 20-22.[47]Odyssey, xi. 602.[48]For this see, among other works, Schliemann,Mycenae and Tiryns; Schuchhardt,Excavations of Schliemann(Eng. trans.); Perrot et Chipiez,La Grèce Primitive; Gardner,New Chapters in Greek History.[49]Schuchhardt,Schliemann’s Ausgrabungen, p. 176.[50]Perrot et Chipiez,La Grèce Primitive, p. 638.[51]Schliemann,Mycenae, pl. E.[52]Perrot et Chipiez, pl. vi.[53]Journal of Hellenic Studies, ii. p. 136, pl. xiii.[54]Helbig,La Question mycénéenne. 1896.[55]Schliemann,Mycenae, p. 81.[56]Ibid. p. 86.[57]Perrot et Chipiez, p. 770.[58]The most recent account of these, by M. Joubin, will be found in theBulletin de Corresp. hellén.1895, p. 69.[59]II. 22, 2 (Ταντάλου) ἰδὼν οἰδα á¼�ν ΣιπÏ�λῳ τάφον ΘÎας ἄξιον.[60]Texier,Description, pl. cxxx.[61]Weber,Le Sipyle, pl. i.[62]Perrot et Chipiez, v. 83. Mr. Ramsay, while allowing the general excellence of this drawing, disputes its accuracy in some particulars. SeeJourn. Hell. Stud.1889, p. 155.[63]Perrot et Chipiez, v. p. 103.[64]Perrot et Chipiez, v. p. 111. Another drawing inJourn. Hell. Stud.1888, p. 368 (Ramsay).[65]Journ. Hell. Stud.pl. xviii.[66]With M. Perrot’s work on Phrygia, it is necessary to compare Mr. Ramsay’s ‘Study of Phrygian Art’ in theJournal of Hellenic Studiesfor 1889 and 1890.[67]I. p. 61.[68]See theCatalogue of Sculptureof the British Museum, or Perrot and Chipiez, vol. v.[69]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 80; cf. Perrot and Chipiez, vol. v. p. 396.[70]Anabasis, vi. 29.[71]Odyssey, xx. 66.[72]Catalogue of Sculpture, i. p. 53, No. 93.[73]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 86. Engraved in Murray,Hist. Sculpture, i. pl. iii-v; Cesnola,Cyprus, pl. 16, 17; Brunn,Denkmäler, pl. 102.[74]Cat. of Sculpture, No. 97; Murray, i. pl. v.[75]Ann. dell’ Inst.xix. pl. F.[76]Plutarch,Lycurgus, 27.[77]Athen. Mittheil.vii. 163.[78]Journal of Hellenic Studies, v. 131. I return to the subject in the next chapter.[79]Athen. Mittheil.x. 160.[80]See Maspéro,Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria, p. 145.[81]Athen. Mittheil.ii. 25.[82]Catalogue, No. 1417.[83]Perrot et Chipiez, ii. p. 107.[84]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. 7.[85]See a paper by Pervanoglu,Das Familienmahl auf altgriech. Grabsteinen.[86]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Coins: Thrace, p. 90.[87]Journ. Hell. Stud.v. p. 116.[88]Ibid. v. p. 106.[89]Athen. Mittheil.1879, p. 165.[90]Cf. Furtwängler,Sabouroff Coll.Introd. p. 39.[91]Buchholz,Homerische Realien, iii. 1, 334.[92]Chap. vii. p. 20, ed. Kenyon.[93]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Marbles, No. 753.[94]Here the female figure seems decidedly the taller, but this may be the result of the law of Greek reliefs, to place the heads of persons represented on one level.[95]Coll. Sabouroff, pl. 29.[96]Pl. 16.[97]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2555.[98]La Collection Sabouroff, Introd. p. 28.[99]Athen. Mittheil.viii. 16; Le Bas,Voyage, pl. 103.[100]Athen. Mittheil.iii. 380; Friedrichs-Wolters,Gipsabgüsse, No. 1076; Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2557.[101]Museum Marbles, ix. pl. 34.[102]Mon. dell’ Inst.xi. 55.[103]Journ. Hell. Stud.vii. 1.[104]Arch. Zeitung, 1883, p. 285.[105]Monum. Grecs, pl. i; Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 405, where the figures are wrongly called Ares and Aphrodite.[106]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2571.[107]Chap. I.[108]Il.xi. 371;Od.xii. 14, &c. Cf. the phrase, Ï„Ï�μβῳ τε στήλῃ τε, τὸ γὰÏ� γÎÏ�ας á¼�στὶ θανόντων.[109]II. 26.[110]‘Opere tectorio exornari.’[111]‘Columellam, aut mensam aut labellam.â€�[112]These passages are collected by Messrs. Pottier and Reinach in theBulletin de Corresp. hellénique, 1882, p. 396.[113]Gerhard,Auserl. Vasenbilder, pl. 199: cf.Mon. dell’ Inst.viii. pl. 5; Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. 24.[114]Arch. Jahrbuch, 1891, p. 197.[115]e.g.Mon. dell’ Inst.viii. 5.[116]Stackelberg,Gräber der Hellenen, xlv. 3. The deceased lady, seated on the Ï„Ï�άπεζα, was, no doubt, represented as draped, but the wash of colour has worn away.[117]Paus. ix. 30, 7.[118]Ibid. ix. 25, 2.[119]Ibid. iv. 32, 3.[120]VII. 700.[121]Athen. Mittheil.x. pl. 13.[122]Ecclesiazusae, l. 996. Cf. l. 538.[123]Ibid. l. 1110.[124]An exhaustive article on these vases will be found inAthen. Mittheil.1891, p. 371 (Wolters). The writer maintains that they appear only on the tombs of the unmarried. For a representation of a terra-cotta vase on a χῶμα see p. 379.[125]Athen. Mittheil.1887, pl. ix.[126]AthensCat.884. The lekythos on the right, however, is a restoration, all except part of its foot.[127]Anthology, vii. 182.[128]Ad Leocharem, p. 1086.[129]For the colouring of these votive figures see Collignon,Hist. de la Sculpture grecque, vol. i, frontispiece;Ephemeris Arch.1887, pl. ix;Antike Denkmäler des Arch. Inst.i. pl. 39.[130]Athen. Mittheil.1893, p. 83.[131]This matter is treated in detail in Brückner’sOrnament und Format der Attischen Grabstelen: see pl. i. of that work.[132]Perrot et Chipiez, ii. 270.[133]Brückner,Ornament und Formen der Att. Grabstelen, pl. i. 2.[134]AthensCat.975.[135]Ibid. 729.[136]Ibid. 754.[137]Ibid. 28.[138]Athen. Mittheil.vol. iv.[139]Gräber der Hellenen, pl. 56.[140]Septem c. Theb.524.[141]Athen. Mittheil.xii. 105.[142]Chap. I, above.[143]AthensCat.No. 775.[144]L. 168.[145]AthensCat.No. 783.[146]AthensCat.No. 744.[147]AthensCat.No. 770.[148]Anthol. Palat.vii. 344.[149]See F. Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner,Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias, pl. E, p. 19.[150]Published in theJourn. Hell. Stud.vi. p. 32.[151]Anth. Palat.vii. 169.[152]Plutarch,Cic.26.[153]VII. 37. Cf. 707.[154]Anth. Palat.vii. 62.[155]See especially a paper by Professor Loeschcke inAthen. Mittheil.iv. 292.[156]Pliny,N. H.xxxv. 153.[157]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. vi.[158]For example, Dr. Waldstein, in the first volume of theJournal of Hellenic Studies, p. 168.[159]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. iii.[160]I. 90. τειχίζειν δὲ ... φειδομÎνους μήτε ἰδίου μήτε δημοσίου οἰκοδομήματος.[161]The head also does not belong to the statue, and the right arm and other parts are restorations. See the BerlinDenkmäler, i. pl. 31, 32.[162]For the basket seeFig. 62: for the attitude cf.Pl. XXVI. Epigrams to be placed on tombs adorned with statues of women are to be found in theAnthology, vii. 649, &c. As a replica of the ‘Penelope’ in very high relief exists in the Vatican, we may regard it as likely that the original was not entirely detached from the background.[163]AthensCat.No. 218.[164]AthensCat.No. 219.[165]e.g. Kaibel, No. 505, from Tricca. The formula of dedication is á¼™Ï�μάον Χθονίου.[166]See Plates XXV, XXVI.[167]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. i, ii. Cf.C. A. G.pl. i.[168]Michaelis,Ancient Marbles in Great Britain, p. 385, whence our engraving is taken.[169]C. A. G.pl. iv. As to the pentathlon, see theJourn. Hell. Stud.i. p. 210.[170]Athen. Mittheil.iii. pl. 14.[171]These are lost, but the holes in which they were fixed remain over the forehead.[172]Reins, sword, and lance were added in metal, as is shown by the remaining holes in which these were fixed. Colour was doubtless freely added.[173]Bull. Corr. Hellén.iv. pl. 7.[174]AthensCat.No. 873.[175]AthensCat.No. 828.[176]It has been suggested that the gesture is one of adoration in presence of the deities of the next world.[177]Anthologia, vii. 338.[178]For instance, AthensCat.No. 1192.[179]At Rome. Published in theAnn. e Mon. dell’ Inst.1855, pl. xv. Cf. Friedrichs-Wolters,Gipsabgüsse, No. 1010.[180]AthensCat.No. 752.[181]VII. 279.[182]AthensCat.No. 731.[183]C. A. G.pl. xv.[184]C. A. G.pl. xvii.[185]Br. Mus. Cat. of Marbles, No. 721;Mus. Marb.ix. pl. 38.[186]Journ. Hell. Stud.vi. pl. B.[187]Such as Friedrichs-WoltersGipsabgüsse, No. 1024:Arch. Zeitung, 1871, pl. 53.[188]Anthol. Palat.vi. 280.[189]AthensCat.No. 1196.[190]C. A. G.pl. xxxvii.[191]Museum Marbles, x. 3.[192]AthensCat.No. 711.[193]Ibid. No. 765;C. A. G.pl. xlviii.[194]The two notions that in such groups it is always the seated or that it is always the standing person who is dead are alike fallacious.[195]Kaibel, No. 557.[196]C. A. G.Nos. 134, 139.[197]Ibid. No. 158.[198]AthensCat.No. 717.[199]AthensCat.No. 870.[200]Ibid. No. 749. A photograph of the relief being unsatisfactory, we copy the engraving at p. 70 of theC. A. G.[201]VII. 730, by Perses.[202]C. A. G.No. 333, pl. lxxxiv.[203]I have a vivid recollection of the admiration expressed for the examples in the British Museum by Mr. Ruskin.[204]Pl. xxxix; cf. AthensCat.No. 724.[205]Sabouroff Coll.Introd. p. 12.[206]Plato,Theaetetus, p. 198A.[207]Rangabe,Antiq. Hell.ii. pp. 539, 842; cf.C. I. G.1012 b, 7034, and Aristophanes,Acharn.l. 49.[208]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. xv.[209]e.g. Benndorf,op. cit.pl. xxv; Dumont,Cér. de la Grèce propre, i. pl. xxv.[210]Op. cit.pl. ix.[211]Griech. Vasenbilder, pl. xi.[212]950 and 951 in the National Museum, Athens: No. 323, pl. lxxvii, and No. 357, pl. lxxxviii, of theC. A. G.[213]Figured in Brückner’sGriech. Grabreliefs, p. 12.[214]Gazette archéol.i. pl. vii.[215]Hermes also appears on a monument of the British Museum, a sort of round altar on which are sculptured a man and woman hand in hand.Br. Mus. Cat. Sculpture, No. 710.[216]The example in our plate is that at Paris. The inscriptions, Zetus, Amphion, Antiopa, are modern, and utterly incorrect.[217]Good statements of the arguments will be found in the Introduction to Furtwängler’sSabouroff Collection, and in Brückner’sGriech. Grabreliefs, 1888.[218]C. A. G.No. 1, pl. i. See above, p. 141.[219]C. A. G.No. 36, pl. xv.[220]Athen. Mittheil.viii. pl. 17.[221]Ibid. pl. 2.[222]Ibid. pl. 3.[223]C. A. G.No. 22, pl. xiii.[224]Ibid. No. 66, pl. xxviii.[225]Michaelis,Anc. Marbles in Gr. Britain, p. 229, No. 7.[226]Luke ii. 24.[227]C. A. G.No. 19, pl. xi.[228]Ibid. No. 14, pl. ix. Barracco Collection.[229]C. A. G.pls. ciii, cxxxi, &c.[230]A physician named Jason examining a patient, on a stele of the British Museum:Cat.No. 629.[231]Epitaph.13.[232]See above, Chap. III.[233]Arch. Zeitung, 1871, pl. 49;Journ. Hell. Stud.v. p. 138.[234]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2539. The relief is in the Louvre.[235]I. 2. 3.[236]VII. 22. 6.[237]Overbeck,Geschichte der gr. Plastik, ed. 4. ii. p. 22.[238]I have transcribed these inscriptions as they stand, letter by letter, retaining χσ for ξ, ο for ω, οι for ῳ, and so on.[239]VII. 304, by Peisander.[240]VII. 463, by Leonidas.[241]Grabgedichte der griechischen Anthologie.Vienna, 1889.[242]Jahrbuch des Inst.1895, p. 204.[243]New Chapters in Greek History, chap. x.[244]Kaibel,Epigrammata Graeca, No. 461;C.I.G.i. 1051. Cf. Paus. i. 43. 3.[245]The published copy is very defective, and of the last two lines only the general sense can be made out.[246]Brit. Mus. Greek Inscr.i. p. 102. Cf.New Chapters in Greek Historyp. 322.[247]Kaibel, No. 183.[248]Kaibel, No. 179. Roehl,Inscrr. Gr. Antiqq.No. 342.[249]This is the rendering of Roehl. The conceit is rather far-fetched for so early a period.[250]Kaibel, No. 180: Roehl, No. 343.[251]Kaibel, No. 182.[252]Ibid. No. 487.[253]Ibid. No. 486.[254]Ibid. No. 488.[255]Ibid. No. 209.[256]Ibid. No. 490.[257]Kaibel, No. 38.[258]Ibid. No. 34.[259]Kaibel, No. 189.[260]Ibid. No. 482.[261]Ibid. No. 493.[262]Ibid. No. 491.[263]Fortune, ΤÏ�χη, was represented in art as holding a rudder and a cornucopia.[264]That is, the Charitesia, games held at Orchomenus.[265]Kaibel, No. 191.[266]Ibid. No. 224.[267]Ibid. No. 496.[268]Ibid. No. 497.[269]Kaibel, No. 473.[270]Anth. Palat.vii. 64, anonymous.[271]Stephani,Der ausruhende Herakles, p. 59. The relief has disappeared.[272]Kaibel, No. 463.[273]Ibid. No. 462.[274]VII. 545.[275]Journ. Hell. Stud.3 p. 112.[276]Kaibel, No. 465.[277]Ibid. No. 218.[278]Ibid. No. 195.[279]Ibid. No. 190.[280]Anth. Palat.vii. 163. Version of J. Williams.[281]Anth. Palat.vii. 489. Version of J. Williams.[282]Ibid. vii. 451. Version of J. Williams.[283]Ibid. vii. 321. Version of J. Williams.[284]Anth. Palat.vii. 657. Version of J. Williams.[285]Ibid. vii. 207. Version of J. Williams.[286]Anth. Palat.vii. 476. Version of J. Williams.[287]Ibid. vii. 554. My version.[288]Ibid. vii. 465.[289]Ibid. vii. 735. My version.[290]Anth. Palat.vii. 145. My version.[291]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 766; Fellows,Lycia, p. 116; Petersen,Reisen in Lykien, ii. p. 193.[292]For a full account of this monument seeAnnali dell’ Inst.1874 and 1875;Mon. dell’ Inst.x.; cf. also Benndorf and Niemann,Reisen in Carien und Lykien, p. 89, pl. xxiv.[293]From Overbeck,Geschichte der gr. Plastik, ii. 191.[294]Annali dell’ Inst.1875, pl.DE.[295]All that is preserved of steed and rider is the foreleg of the rearing horse.[296]Arch. Zeit.1882, p. 359.[297]Das Heroon von Gjölbaschi-Trysa.O. Benndorf and G. Niemann. Wien, 1889. Our engraving is taken from pl. i. of this admirable work.[298]Newton,Travels and Discoveries, ii. pl. 23.[299]As to these see theAntiquités du Bosphore Cimmérien, a magnificent work, now republished at a moderate price by M. Salomon Reinach. Also Newton,Essays in Art and Archaeology, ch. ix.,Greek Art in the Kimmerian Bosporos.[300]The Antiquary, vol. liv. pp. 273-362.[301]Mr. Oldfield has kindly allowed me to copy a drawing in which his latest views are incorporated.[302]Fab.223.[303]‘Aere ... uacuo pendentia Mausolea.’Epig.1.[304]Comparing Martial,Epig.ii. 14: ‘Inde petit centum pendentia tecta columnis.’[305]N. H.36, 30.[306]v. l.cvi.[307]v. l.centenos sexagenos.[308]v. l.pedes ccccxl.[309]v. l.uocauere circumitum.[310]v. l.altitudinem inferiorem aequat.[311]In a rough statement like this it is unnecessary to take into account the slight difference between the English and the Greek foot.[312]Hist. Disc.ii. p. 191.[313]Funérailles et diverses manières d’ensevelir, &c., quoted by Newton in hisHistory of Discoveries, vol. i. p. 76.[314]Journ. Hell. Stud.xiii. p. 188.[315]The whole of the Amazon frieze is now figured in the BerlinDenkmäler, vol. ii., and in Overbeck’sPlastik, 4th ed., ii. p. 106.[316]For an account of these see the BerlinAntike Denkmäler, vol. i. part 4; alsoBulletin de Corr. hellén.1895, p. 69.[317]Une nécropole royale à Sidon.Hamdy Bey and Théodore Reinach. A good account by Studniczka in theJahrbuchof the German Institute for 1894, p. 204.[318]This and the subsequent engravings are taken from the plates of the magnificent work of Hamdy Bey and M. Théodore Reinach,Une nécropole royale à Sidon, by kind permission of authors and publisher.[319]Chaps. IX, X.[320]2 Sam. i. 24.[321]Hicks,Greek Historical Inscriptions, p. 155. The marble is in the Oxford Museum.[322]The evidence is put together by Mr. Chinnock in theClassical Reviewof June, 1893.[323]Cyropaedeia, viii. 3, 10.[324]It must be observed that although we are obliged in the engraving to bisect this relief, it is really continuous. The head of the lion in the upper line fits on to the body of the lion in the lower line.[325]It is figured not only in the works already cited, but also in Overbeck’sGeschichte der Plastik, ii. p. 403, and in other works.[326]As to this and all other details, see the valuable remarks of M. Reinach,op. cit.p. 325.[327]Robert,Die antiken Sarkophag-Reliefs, ii. pl. 27.Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber: can scarely have aimed=> can scarcely have aimed {pg 81}in Attica, at Spata, and at Menidi=> in Attica, at Sparta, and at Menidi {pg 105}
FOOTNOTES:
[1]I. 28. 36: ‘Iniecto ter pulvere curras.’
[1]I. 28. 36: ‘Iniecto ter pulvere curras.’
[2]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. i.
[2]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. i.
[3]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. xxxiii.
[3]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. xxxiii.
[4]Mon. dell’ Inst.ix. 39.
[4]Mon. dell’ Inst.ix. 39.
[5]Rayet,Monum. de l’Art Antique, pl. lxxv.
[5]Rayet,Monum. de l’Art Antique, pl. lxxv.
[6]Rayet, text to above plate.
[6]Rayet, text to above plate.
[7]See below, Ch. VII, VIII.
[7]See below, Ch. VII, VIII.
[8]Iliad, xvi. 666.
[8]Iliad, xvi. 666.
[9]Klein,Euphronios, p. 272. Iris and a female figure stand on either side. Some writers, interpreting the latter as Eos, have seen in the dead body that of Memnon. The point is immaterial to our present purpose.
[9]Klein,Euphronios, p. 272. Iris and a female figure stand on either side. Some writers, interpreting the latter as Eos, have seen in the dead body that of Memnon. The point is immaterial to our present purpose.
[10]Dumont,Céramiques de la Grèce propre, pl. xxvii.
[10]Dumont,Céramiques de la Grèce propre, pl. xxvii.
[11]Mon. dell’ Inst.ix. 32. We reproduce only the central group of the painting.
[11]Mon. dell’ Inst.ix. 32. We reproduce only the central group of the painting.
[12]Gräber der Hellenen, p. 42, pl. viii. Stackelberg found the coffin himself near the Acharnian Gate at Athens, and drew it immediately on discovery.
[12]Gräber der Hellenen, p. 42, pl. viii. Stackelberg found the coffin himself near the Acharnian Gate at Athens, and drew it immediately on discovery.
[13]Pottier et Reinach,La Nécropole de Myrina, p. 101.
[13]Pottier et Reinach,La Nécropole de Myrina, p. 101.
[14]Herodotus, iv. 26. The word γευÎσια may perhaps mean, as some have suggested, the anniversary of the death, if death be regarded as birth into a new life. The early Christians seem to have adopted this view.
[14]Herodotus, iv. 26. The word γευÎσια may perhaps mean, as some have suggested, the anniversary of the death, if death be regarded as birth into a new life. The early Christians seem to have adopted this view.
[15]P. 519;Charon, 22.
[15]P. 519;Charon, 22.
[16]II. p. 926;De Luctu, 9.
[16]II. p. 926;De Luctu, 9.
[17]Plutarch,Solon, 21.
[17]Plutarch,Solon, 21.
[18]Athen. Mittheil.i. 143.
[18]Athen. Mittheil.i. 143.
[19]Plutarch,Aristides. 21.
[19]Plutarch,Aristides. 21.
[20]Athen. Mittheil.1893, p. 53.
[20]Athen. Mittheil.1893, p. 53.
[21]See below, Chap. VI.
[21]See below, Chap. VI.
[22]Ephem. Archaiol.1886, pl. iv.
[22]Ephem. Archaiol.1886, pl. iv.
[23]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenb.pl. xxi, 2: cf. xxi. 1, xxii, xxv, &c.
[23]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenb.pl. xxi, 2: cf. xxi. 1, xxii, xxv, &c.
[24]Dumont,Céram. de la Grèce, pl. xxv.
[24]Dumont,Céram. de la Grèce, pl. xxv.
[25]Pottier,Lécythes blancs, pl. iv: cf. p. 74.
[25]Pottier,Lécythes blancs, pl. iv: cf. p. 74.
[26]No. 735 of the Athens Museum.
[26]No. 735 of the Athens Museum.
[27]Pl. lx.
[27]Pl. lx.
[28]In a later Chapter (X) I show by instances how close is sometimes the resemblance in reliefs and on vases between the toilet scenes of daily life and scenes of offering to the dead.
[28]In a later Chapter (X) I show by instances how close is sometimes the resemblance in reliefs and on vases between the toilet scenes of daily life and scenes of offering to the dead.
[29]Catalogue of Vases, IV. pl. iv. I cannot accept the view of the author of the Catalogue, that all three figures are those of mourners.
[29]Catalogue of Vases, IV. pl. iv. I cannot accept the view of the author of the Catalogue, that all three figures are those of mourners.
[30]As to the pillar (κίων) and table (Ï„Ï�άπÎζα), see Chap. VIII.
[30]As to the pillar (κίων) and table (Ï„Ï�άπÎζα), see Chap. VIII.
[31]Psyche, Seelencult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen, 1894.
[31]Psyche, Seelencult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der Griechen, 1894.
[32]Odyssey, iv. 560.
[32]Odyssey, iv. 560.
[33]x. 28. Cf. Robert,Die Nekyia des Polygnot. Halle, 1892.
[33]x. 28. Cf. Robert,Die Nekyia des Polygnot. Halle, 1892.
[34]Antike Denkmäler, published by the German Archaeological Institute, vol. i. pl. xxiii. 3.
[34]Antike Denkmäler, published by the German Archaeological Institute, vol. i. pl. xxiii. 3.
[35]Nos. 1 and 2 on the plate already cited.
[35]Nos. 1 and 2 on the plate already cited.
[36]Pottier,Lécythes blancs, pl. 3: cf. Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenb.pl. 27.
[36]Pottier,Lécythes blancs, pl. 3: cf. Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenb.pl. 27.
[37]X. 28. 7.
[37]X. 28. 7.
[38]SeeWiener Vorlegeblätter, Series E, pl. i-iii: cf. Baumeister,Denkmäler, article ‘Unterwelt.’
[38]SeeWiener Vorlegeblätter, Series E, pl. i-iii: cf. Baumeister,Denkmäler, article ‘Unterwelt.’
[39]Cf. the relief published inAthen. Mittheil.iv. pl. ix.
[39]Cf. the relief published inAthen. Mittheil.iv. pl. ix.
[40]L. 50.
[40]L. 50.
[41]I. 28. 6.
[41]I. 28. 6.
[42]Agesilaus, xi. 8.
[42]Agesilaus, xi. 8.
[43]See Chap. XI.
[43]See Chap. XI.
[44]II. p. 364E(translation of Davies and Vaughan).
[44]II. p. 364E(translation of Davies and Vaughan).
[45]Chap. XII.
[45]Chap. XII.
[46]Plutarch,Pelopidas, 20-22.
[46]Plutarch,Pelopidas, 20-22.
[47]Odyssey, xi. 602.
[47]Odyssey, xi. 602.
[48]For this see, among other works, Schliemann,Mycenae and Tiryns; Schuchhardt,Excavations of Schliemann(Eng. trans.); Perrot et Chipiez,La Grèce Primitive; Gardner,New Chapters in Greek History.
[48]For this see, among other works, Schliemann,Mycenae and Tiryns; Schuchhardt,Excavations of Schliemann(Eng. trans.); Perrot et Chipiez,La Grèce Primitive; Gardner,New Chapters in Greek History.
[49]Schuchhardt,Schliemann’s Ausgrabungen, p. 176.
[49]Schuchhardt,Schliemann’s Ausgrabungen, p. 176.
[50]Perrot et Chipiez,La Grèce Primitive, p. 638.
[50]Perrot et Chipiez,La Grèce Primitive, p. 638.
[51]Schliemann,Mycenae, pl. E.
[51]Schliemann,Mycenae, pl. E.
[52]Perrot et Chipiez, pl. vi.
[52]Perrot et Chipiez, pl. vi.
[53]Journal of Hellenic Studies, ii. p. 136, pl. xiii.
[53]Journal of Hellenic Studies, ii. p. 136, pl. xiii.
[54]Helbig,La Question mycénéenne. 1896.
[54]Helbig,La Question mycénéenne. 1896.
[55]Schliemann,Mycenae, p. 81.
[55]Schliemann,Mycenae, p. 81.
[56]Ibid. p. 86.
[56]Ibid. p. 86.
[57]Perrot et Chipiez, p. 770.
[57]Perrot et Chipiez, p. 770.
[58]The most recent account of these, by M. Joubin, will be found in theBulletin de Corresp. hellén.1895, p. 69.
[58]The most recent account of these, by M. Joubin, will be found in theBulletin de Corresp. hellén.1895, p. 69.
[59]II. 22, 2 (Ταντάλου) ἰδὼν οἰδα á¼�ν ΣιπÏ�λῳ τάφον ΘÎας ἄξιον.
[59]II. 22, 2 (Ταντάλου) ἰδὼν οἰδα á¼�ν ΣιπÏ�λῳ τάφον ΘÎας ἄξιον.
[60]Texier,Description, pl. cxxx.
[60]Texier,Description, pl. cxxx.
[61]Weber,Le Sipyle, pl. i.
[61]Weber,Le Sipyle, pl. i.
[62]Perrot et Chipiez, v. 83. Mr. Ramsay, while allowing the general excellence of this drawing, disputes its accuracy in some particulars. SeeJourn. Hell. Stud.1889, p. 155.
[62]Perrot et Chipiez, v. 83. Mr. Ramsay, while allowing the general excellence of this drawing, disputes its accuracy in some particulars. SeeJourn. Hell. Stud.1889, p. 155.
[63]Perrot et Chipiez, v. p. 103.
[63]Perrot et Chipiez, v. p. 103.
[64]Perrot et Chipiez, v. p. 111. Another drawing inJourn. Hell. Stud.1888, p. 368 (Ramsay).
[64]Perrot et Chipiez, v. p. 111. Another drawing inJourn. Hell. Stud.1888, p. 368 (Ramsay).
[65]Journ. Hell. Stud.pl. xviii.
[65]Journ. Hell. Stud.pl. xviii.
[66]With M. Perrot’s work on Phrygia, it is necessary to compare Mr. Ramsay’s ‘Study of Phrygian Art’ in theJournal of Hellenic Studiesfor 1889 and 1890.
[66]With M. Perrot’s work on Phrygia, it is necessary to compare Mr. Ramsay’s ‘Study of Phrygian Art’ in theJournal of Hellenic Studiesfor 1889 and 1890.
[67]I. p. 61.
[67]I. p. 61.
[68]See theCatalogue of Sculptureof the British Museum, or Perrot and Chipiez, vol. v.
[68]See theCatalogue of Sculptureof the British Museum, or Perrot and Chipiez, vol. v.
[69]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 80; cf. Perrot and Chipiez, vol. v. p. 396.
[69]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 80; cf. Perrot and Chipiez, vol. v. p. 396.
[70]Anabasis, vi. 29.
[70]Anabasis, vi. 29.
[71]Odyssey, xx. 66.
[71]Odyssey, xx. 66.
[72]Catalogue of Sculpture, i. p. 53, No. 93.
[72]Catalogue of Sculpture, i. p. 53, No. 93.
[73]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 86. Engraved in Murray,Hist. Sculpture, i. pl. iii-v; Cesnola,Cyprus, pl. 16, 17; Brunn,Denkmäler, pl. 102.
[73]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 86. Engraved in Murray,Hist. Sculpture, i. pl. iii-v; Cesnola,Cyprus, pl. 16, 17; Brunn,Denkmäler, pl. 102.
[74]Cat. of Sculpture, No. 97; Murray, i. pl. v.
[74]Cat. of Sculpture, No. 97; Murray, i. pl. v.
[75]Ann. dell’ Inst.xix. pl. F.
[75]Ann. dell’ Inst.xix. pl. F.
[76]Plutarch,Lycurgus, 27.
[76]Plutarch,Lycurgus, 27.
[77]Athen. Mittheil.vii. 163.
[77]Athen. Mittheil.vii. 163.
[78]Journal of Hellenic Studies, v. 131. I return to the subject in the next chapter.
[78]Journal of Hellenic Studies, v. 131. I return to the subject in the next chapter.
[79]Athen. Mittheil.x. 160.
[79]Athen. Mittheil.x. 160.
[80]See Maspéro,Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria, p. 145.
[80]See Maspéro,Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria, p. 145.
[81]Athen. Mittheil.ii. 25.
[81]Athen. Mittheil.ii. 25.
[82]Catalogue, No. 1417.
[82]Catalogue, No. 1417.
[83]Perrot et Chipiez, ii. p. 107.
[83]Perrot et Chipiez, ii. p. 107.
[84]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. 7.
[84]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. 7.
[85]See a paper by Pervanoglu,Das Familienmahl auf altgriech. Grabsteinen.
[85]See a paper by Pervanoglu,Das Familienmahl auf altgriech. Grabsteinen.
[86]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Coins: Thrace, p. 90.
[86]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Coins: Thrace, p. 90.
[87]Journ. Hell. Stud.v. p. 116.
[87]Journ. Hell. Stud.v. p. 116.
[88]Ibid. v. p. 106.
[88]Ibid. v. p. 106.
[89]Athen. Mittheil.1879, p. 165.
[89]Athen. Mittheil.1879, p. 165.
[90]Cf. Furtwängler,Sabouroff Coll.Introd. p. 39.
[90]Cf. Furtwängler,Sabouroff Coll.Introd. p. 39.
[91]Buchholz,Homerische Realien, iii. 1, 334.
[91]Buchholz,Homerische Realien, iii. 1, 334.
[92]Chap. vii. p. 20, ed. Kenyon.
[92]Chap. vii. p. 20, ed. Kenyon.
[93]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Marbles, No. 753.
[93]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Marbles, No. 753.
[94]Here the female figure seems decidedly the taller, but this may be the result of the law of Greek reliefs, to place the heads of persons represented on one level.
[94]Here the female figure seems decidedly the taller, but this may be the result of the law of Greek reliefs, to place the heads of persons represented on one level.
[95]Coll. Sabouroff, pl. 29.
[95]Coll. Sabouroff, pl. 29.
[96]Pl. 16.
[96]Pl. 16.
[97]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2555.
[97]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2555.
[98]La Collection Sabouroff, Introd. p. 28.
[98]La Collection Sabouroff, Introd. p. 28.
[99]Athen. Mittheil.viii. 16; Le Bas,Voyage, pl. 103.
[99]Athen. Mittheil.viii. 16; Le Bas,Voyage, pl. 103.
[100]Athen. Mittheil.iii. 380; Friedrichs-Wolters,Gipsabgüsse, No. 1076; Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2557.
[100]Athen. Mittheil.iii. 380; Friedrichs-Wolters,Gipsabgüsse, No. 1076; Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2557.
[101]Museum Marbles, ix. pl. 34.
[101]Museum Marbles, ix. pl. 34.
[102]Mon. dell’ Inst.xi. 55.
[102]Mon. dell’ Inst.xi. 55.
[103]Journ. Hell. Stud.vii. 1.
[103]Journ. Hell. Stud.vii. 1.
[104]Arch. Zeitung, 1883, p. 285.
[104]Arch. Zeitung, 1883, p. 285.
[105]Monum. Grecs, pl. i; Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 405, where the figures are wrongly called Ares and Aphrodite.
[105]Monum. Grecs, pl. i; Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 405, where the figures are wrongly called Ares and Aphrodite.
[106]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2571.
[106]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2571.
[107]Chap. I.
[107]Chap. I.
[108]Il.xi. 371;Od.xii. 14, &c. Cf. the phrase, Ï„Ï�μβῳ τε στήλῃ τε, τὸ γὰÏ� γÎÏ�ας á¼�στὶ θανόντων.
[108]Il.xi. 371;Od.xii. 14, &c. Cf. the phrase, Ï„Ï�μβῳ τε στήλῃ τε, τὸ γὰÏ� γÎÏ�ας á¼�στὶ θανόντων.
[109]II. 26.
[109]II. 26.
[110]‘Opere tectorio exornari.’
[110]‘Opere tectorio exornari.’
[111]‘Columellam, aut mensam aut labellam.�
[111]‘Columellam, aut mensam aut labellam.�
[112]These passages are collected by Messrs. Pottier and Reinach in theBulletin de Corresp. hellénique, 1882, p. 396.
[112]These passages are collected by Messrs. Pottier and Reinach in theBulletin de Corresp. hellénique, 1882, p. 396.
[113]Gerhard,Auserl. Vasenbilder, pl. 199: cf.Mon. dell’ Inst.viii. pl. 5; Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. 24.
[113]Gerhard,Auserl. Vasenbilder, pl. 199: cf.Mon. dell’ Inst.viii. pl. 5; Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. 24.
[114]Arch. Jahrbuch, 1891, p. 197.
[114]Arch. Jahrbuch, 1891, p. 197.
[115]e.g.Mon. dell’ Inst.viii. 5.
[115]e.g.Mon. dell’ Inst.viii. 5.
[116]Stackelberg,Gräber der Hellenen, xlv. 3. The deceased lady, seated on the τ�άπεζα, was, no doubt, represented as draped, but the wash of colour has worn away.
[116]Stackelberg,Gräber der Hellenen, xlv. 3. The deceased lady, seated on the τ�άπεζα, was, no doubt, represented as draped, but the wash of colour has worn away.
[117]Paus. ix. 30, 7.
[117]Paus. ix. 30, 7.
[118]Ibid. ix. 25, 2.
[118]Ibid. ix. 25, 2.
[119]Ibid. iv. 32, 3.
[119]Ibid. iv. 32, 3.
[120]VII. 700.
[120]VII. 700.
[121]Athen. Mittheil.x. pl. 13.
[121]Athen. Mittheil.x. pl. 13.
[122]Ecclesiazusae, l. 996. Cf. l. 538.
[122]Ecclesiazusae, l. 996. Cf. l. 538.
[123]Ibid. l. 1110.
[123]Ibid. l. 1110.
[124]An exhaustive article on these vases will be found inAthen. Mittheil.1891, p. 371 (Wolters). The writer maintains that they appear only on the tombs of the unmarried. For a representation of a terra-cotta vase on a χῶμα see p. 379.
[124]An exhaustive article on these vases will be found inAthen. Mittheil.1891, p. 371 (Wolters). The writer maintains that they appear only on the tombs of the unmarried. For a representation of a terra-cotta vase on a χῶμα see p. 379.
[125]Athen. Mittheil.1887, pl. ix.
[125]Athen. Mittheil.1887, pl. ix.
[126]AthensCat.884. The lekythos on the right, however, is a restoration, all except part of its foot.
[126]AthensCat.884. The lekythos on the right, however, is a restoration, all except part of its foot.
[127]Anthology, vii. 182.
[127]Anthology, vii. 182.
[128]Ad Leocharem, p. 1086.
[128]Ad Leocharem, p. 1086.
[129]For the colouring of these votive figures see Collignon,Hist. de la Sculpture grecque, vol. i, frontispiece;Ephemeris Arch.1887, pl. ix;Antike Denkmäler des Arch. Inst.i. pl. 39.
[129]For the colouring of these votive figures see Collignon,Hist. de la Sculpture grecque, vol. i, frontispiece;Ephemeris Arch.1887, pl. ix;Antike Denkmäler des Arch. Inst.i. pl. 39.
[130]Athen. Mittheil.1893, p. 83.
[130]Athen. Mittheil.1893, p. 83.
[131]This matter is treated in detail in Brückner’sOrnament und Format der Attischen Grabstelen: see pl. i. of that work.
[131]This matter is treated in detail in Brückner’sOrnament und Format der Attischen Grabstelen: see pl. i. of that work.
[132]Perrot et Chipiez, ii. 270.
[132]Perrot et Chipiez, ii. 270.
[133]Brückner,Ornament und Formen der Att. Grabstelen, pl. i. 2.
[133]Brückner,Ornament und Formen der Att. Grabstelen, pl. i. 2.
[134]AthensCat.975.
[134]AthensCat.975.
[135]Ibid. 729.
[135]Ibid. 729.
[136]Ibid. 754.
[136]Ibid. 754.
[137]Ibid. 28.
[137]Ibid. 28.
[138]Athen. Mittheil.vol. iv.
[138]Athen. Mittheil.vol. iv.
[139]Gräber der Hellenen, pl. 56.
[139]Gräber der Hellenen, pl. 56.
[140]Septem c. Theb.524.
[140]Septem c. Theb.524.
[141]Athen. Mittheil.xii. 105.
[141]Athen. Mittheil.xii. 105.
[142]Chap. I, above.
[142]Chap. I, above.
[143]AthensCat.No. 775.
[143]AthensCat.No. 775.
[144]L. 168.
[144]L. 168.
[145]AthensCat.No. 783.
[145]AthensCat.No. 783.
[146]AthensCat.No. 744.
[146]AthensCat.No. 744.
[147]AthensCat.No. 770.
[147]AthensCat.No. 770.
[148]Anthol. Palat.vii. 344.
[148]Anthol. Palat.vii. 344.
[149]See F. Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner,Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias, pl. E, p. 19.
[149]See F. Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner,Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias, pl. E, p. 19.
[150]Published in theJourn. Hell. Stud.vi. p. 32.
[150]Published in theJourn. Hell. Stud.vi. p. 32.
[151]Anth. Palat.vii. 169.
[151]Anth. Palat.vii. 169.
[152]Plutarch,Cic.26.
[152]Plutarch,Cic.26.
[153]VII. 37. Cf. 707.
[153]VII. 37. Cf. 707.
[154]Anth. Palat.vii. 62.
[154]Anth. Palat.vii. 62.
[155]See especially a paper by Professor Loeschcke inAthen. Mittheil.iv. 292.
[155]See especially a paper by Professor Loeschcke inAthen. Mittheil.iv. 292.
[156]Pliny,N. H.xxxv. 153.
[156]Pliny,N. H.xxxv. 153.
[157]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. vi.
[157]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. vi.
[158]For example, Dr. Waldstein, in the first volume of theJournal of Hellenic Studies, p. 168.
[158]For example, Dr. Waldstein, in the first volume of theJournal of Hellenic Studies, p. 168.
[159]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. iii.
[159]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. iii.
[160]I. 90. τειχίζειν δὲ ... φειδομÎνους μήτε ἰδίου μήτε δημοσίου οἰκοδομήματος.
[160]I. 90. τειχίζειν δὲ ... φειδομÎνους μήτε ἰδίου μήτε δημοσίου οἰκοδομήματος.
[161]The head also does not belong to the statue, and the right arm and other parts are restorations. See the BerlinDenkmäler, i. pl. 31, 32.
[161]The head also does not belong to the statue, and the right arm and other parts are restorations. See the BerlinDenkmäler, i. pl. 31, 32.
[162]For the basket seeFig. 62: for the attitude cf.Pl. XXVI. Epigrams to be placed on tombs adorned with statues of women are to be found in theAnthology, vii. 649, &c. As a replica of the ‘Penelope’ in very high relief exists in the Vatican, we may regard it as likely that the original was not entirely detached from the background.
[162]For the basket seeFig. 62: for the attitude cf.Pl. XXVI. Epigrams to be placed on tombs adorned with statues of women are to be found in theAnthology, vii. 649, &c. As a replica of the ‘Penelope’ in very high relief exists in the Vatican, we may regard it as likely that the original was not entirely detached from the background.
[163]AthensCat.No. 218.
[163]AthensCat.No. 218.
[164]AthensCat.No. 219.
[164]AthensCat.No. 219.
[165]e.g. Kaibel, No. 505, from Tricca. The formula of dedication is Ἑ�μάον Χθονίου.
[165]e.g. Kaibel, No. 505, from Tricca. The formula of dedication is Ἑ�μάον Χθονίου.
[166]See Plates XXV, XXVI.
[166]See Plates XXV, XXVI.
[167]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. i, ii. Cf.C. A. G.pl. i.
[167]Athen. Mittheil.iv. pl. i, ii. Cf.C. A. G.pl. i.
[168]Michaelis,Ancient Marbles in Great Britain, p. 385, whence our engraving is taken.
[168]Michaelis,Ancient Marbles in Great Britain, p. 385, whence our engraving is taken.
[169]C. A. G.pl. iv. As to the pentathlon, see theJourn. Hell. Stud.i. p. 210.
[169]C. A. G.pl. iv. As to the pentathlon, see theJourn. Hell. Stud.i. p. 210.
[170]Athen. Mittheil.iii. pl. 14.
[170]Athen. Mittheil.iii. pl. 14.
[171]These are lost, but the holes in which they were fixed remain over the forehead.
[171]These are lost, but the holes in which they were fixed remain over the forehead.
[172]Reins, sword, and lance were added in metal, as is shown by the remaining holes in which these were fixed. Colour was doubtless freely added.
[172]Reins, sword, and lance were added in metal, as is shown by the remaining holes in which these were fixed. Colour was doubtless freely added.
[173]Bull. Corr. Hellén.iv. pl. 7.
[173]Bull. Corr. Hellén.iv. pl. 7.
[174]AthensCat.No. 873.
[174]AthensCat.No. 873.
[175]AthensCat.No. 828.
[175]AthensCat.No. 828.
[176]It has been suggested that the gesture is one of adoration in presence of the deities of the next world.
[176]It has been suggested that the gesture is one of adoration in presence of the deities of the next world.
[177]Anthologia, vii. 338.
[177]Anthologia, vii. 338.
[178]For instance, AthensCat.No. 1192.
[178]For instance, AthensCat.No. 1192.
[179]At Rome. Published in theAnn. e Mon. dell’ Inst.1855, pl. xv. Cf. Friedrichs-Wolters,Gipsabgüsse, No. 1010.
[179]At Rome. Published in theAnn. e Mon. dell’ Inst.1855, pl. xv. Cf. Friedrichs-Wolters,Gipsabgüsse, No. 1010.
[180]AthensCat.No. 752.
[180]AthensCat.No. 752.
[181]VII. 279.
[181]VII. 279.
[182]AthensCat.No. 731.
[182]AthensCat.No. 731.
[183]C. A. G.pl. xv.
[183]C. A. G.pl. xv.
[184]C. A. G.pl. xvii.
[184]C. A. G.pl. xvii.
[185]Br. Mus. Cat. of Marbles, No. 721;Mus. Marb.ix. pl. 38.
[185]Br. Mus. Cat. of Marbles, No. 721;Mus. Marb.ix. pl. 38.
[186]Journ. Hell. Stud.vi. pl. B.
[186]Journ. Hell. Stud.vi. pl. B.
[187]Such as Friedrichs-WoltersGipsabgüsse, No. 1024:Arch. Zeitung, 1871, pl. 53.
[187]Such as Friedrichs-WoltersGipsabgüsse, No. 1024:Arch. Zeitung, 1871, pl. 53.
[188]Anthol. Palat.vi. 280.
[188]Anthol. Palat.vi. 280.
[189]AthensCat.No. 1196.
[189]AthensCat.No. 1196.
[190]C. A. G.pl. xxxvii.
[190]C. A. G.pl. xxxvii.
[191]Museum Marbles, x. 3.
[191]Museum Marbles, x. 3.
[192]AthensCat.No. 711.
[192]AthensCat.No. 711.
[193]Ibid. No. 765;C. A. G.pl. xlviii.
[193]Ibid. No. 765;C. A. G.pl. xlviii.
[194]The two notions that in such groups it is always the seated or that it is always the standing person who is dead are alike fallacious.
[194]The two notions that in such groups it is always the seated or that it is always the standing person who is dead are alike fallacious.
[195]Kaibel, No. 557.
[195]Kaibel, No. 557.
[196]C. A. G.Nos. 134, 139.
[196]C. A. G.Nos. 134, 139.
[197]Ibid. No. 158.
[197]Ibid. No. 158.
[198]AthensCat.No. 717.
[198]AthensCat.No. 717.
[199]AthensCat.No. 870.
[199]AthensCat.No. 870.
[200]Ibid. No. 749. A photograph of the relief being unsatisfactory, we copy the engraving at p. 70 of theC. A. G.
[200]Ibid. No. 749. A photograph of the relief being unsatisfactory, we copy the engraving at p. 70 of theC. A. G.
[201]VII. 730, by Perses.
[201]VII. 730, by Perses.
[202]C. A. G.No. 333, pl. lxxxiv.
[202]C. A. G.No. 333, pl. lxxxiv.
[203]I have a vivid recollection of the admiration expressed for the examples in the British Museum by Mr. Ruskin.
[203]I have a vivid recollection of the admiration expressed for the examples in the British Museum by Mr. Ruskin.
[204]Pl. xxxix; cf. AthensCat.No. 724.
[204]Pl. xxxix; cf. AthensCat.No. 724.
[205]Sabouroff Coll.Introd. p. 12.
[205]Sabouroff Coll.Introd. p. 12.
[206]Plato,Theaetetus, p. 198A.
[206]Plato,Theaetetus, p. 198A.
[207]Rangabe,Antiq. Hell.ii. pp. 539, 842; cf.C. I. G.1012 b, 7034, and Aristophanes,Acharn.l. 49.
[207]Rangabe,Antiq. Hell.ii. pp. 539, 842; cf.C. I. G.1012 b, 7034, and Aristophanes,Acharn.l. 49.
[208]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. xv.
[208]Benndorf,Griech. und Sicil. Vasenbilder, pl. xv.
[209]e.g. Benndorf,op. cit.pl. xxv; Dumont,Cér. de la Grèce propre, i. pl. xxv.
[209]e.g. Benndorf,op. cit.pl. xxv; Dumont,Cér. de la Grèce propre, i. pl. xxv.
[210]Op. cit.pl. ix.
[210]Op. cit.pl. ix.
[211]Griech. Vasenbilder, pl. xi.
[211]Griech. Vasenbilder, pl. xi.
[212]950 and 951 in the National Museum, Athens: No. 323, pl. lxxvii, and No. 357, pl. lxxxviii, of theC. A. G.
[212]950 and 951 in the National Museum, Athens: No. 323, pl. lxxvii, and No. 357, pl. lxxxviii, of theC. A. G.
[213]Figured in Brückner’sGriech. Grabreliefs, p. 12.
[213]Figured in Brückner’sGriech. Grabreliefs, p. 12.
[214]Gazette archéol.i. pl. vii.
[214]Gazette archéol.i. pl. vii.
[215]Hermes also appears on a monument of the British Museum, a sort of round altar on which are sculptured a man and woman hand in hand.Br. Mus. Cat. Sculpture, No. 710.
[215]Hermes also appears on a monument of the British Museum, a sort of round altar on which are sculptured a man and woman hand in hand.Br. Mus. Cat. Sculpture, No. 710.
[216]The example in our plate is that at Paris. The inscriptions, Zetus, Amphion, Antiopa, are modern, and utterly incorrect.
[216]The example in our plate is that at Paris. The inscriptions, Zetus, Amphion, Antiopa, are modern, and utterly incorrect.
[217]Good statements of the arguments will be found in the Introduction to Furtwängler’sSabouroff Collection, and in Brückner’sGriech. Grabreliefs, 1888.
[217]Good statements of the arguments will be found in the Introduction to Furtwängler’sSabouroff Collection, and in Brückner’sGriech. Grabreliefs, 1888.
[218]C. A. G.No. 1, pl. i. See above, p. 141.
[218]C. A. G.No. 1, pl. i. See above, p. 141.
[219]C. A. G.No. 36, pl. xv.
[219]C. A. G.No. 36, pl. xv.
[220]Athen. Mittheil.viii. pl. 17.
[220]Athen. Mittheil.viii. pl. 17.
[221]Ibid. pl. 2.
[221]Ibid. pl. 2.
[222]Ibid. pl. 3.
[222]Ibid. pl. 3.
[223]C. A. G.No. 22, pl. xiii.
[223]C. A. G.No. 22, pl. xiii.
[224]Ibid. No. 66, pl. xxviii.
[224]Ibid. No. 66, pl. xxviii.
[225]Michaelis,Anc. Marbles in Gr. Britain, p. 229, No. 7.
[225]Michaelis,Anc. Marbles in Gr. Britain, p. 229, No. 7.
[226]Luke ii. 24.
[226]Luke ii. 24.
[227]C. A. G.No. 19, pl. xi.
[227]C. A. G.No. 19, pl. xi.
[228]Ibid. No. 14, pl. ix. Barracco Collection.
[228]Ibid. No. 14, pl. ix. Barracco Collection.
[229]C. A. G.pls. ciii, cxxxi, &c.
[229]C. A. G.pls. ciii, cxxxi, &c.
[230]A physician named Jason examining a patient, on a stele of the British Museum:Cat.No. 629.
[230]A physician named Jason examining a patient, on a stele of the British Museum:Cat.No. 629.
[231]Epitaph.13.
[231]Epitaph.13.
[232]See above, Chap. III.
[232]See above, Chap. III.
[233]Arch. Zeitung, 1871, pl. 49;Journ. Hell. Stud.v. p. 138.
[233]Arch. Zeitung, 1871, pl. 49;Journ. Hell. Stud.v. p. 138.
[234]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2539. The relief is in the Louvre.
[234]Roscher,Lexikon, i. p. 2539. The relief is in the Louvre.
[235]I. 2. 3.
[235]I. 2. 3.
[236]VII. 22. 6.
[236]VII. 22. 6.
[237]Overbeck,Geschichte der gr. Plastik, ed. 4. ii. p. 22.
[237]Overbeck,Geschichte der gr. Plastik, ed. 4. ii. p. 22.
[238]I have transcribed these inscriptions as they stand, letter by letter, retaining χσ for ξ, ο for ω, οι for ῳ, and so on.
[238]I have transcribed these inscriptions as they stand, letter by letter, retaining χσ for ξ, ο for ω, οι for ῳ, and so on.
[239]VII. 304, by Peisander.
[239]VII. 304, by Peisander.
[240]VII. 463, by Leonidas.
[240]VII. 463, by Leonidas.
[241]Grabgedichte der griechischen Anthologie.Vienna, 1889.
[241]Grabgedichte der griechischen Anthologie.Vienna, 1889.
[242]Jahrbuch des Inst.1895, p. 204.
[242]Jahrbuch des Inst.1895, p. 204.
[243]New Chapters in Greek History, chap. x.
[243]New Chapters in Greek History, chap. x.
[244]Kaibel,Epigrammata Graeca, No. 461;C.I.G.i. 1051. Cf. Paus. i. 43. 3.
[244]Kaibel,Epigrammata Graeca, No. 461;C.I.G.i. 1051. Cf. Paus. i. 43. 3.
[245]The published copy is very defective, and of the last two lines only the general sense can be made out.
[245]The published copy is very defective, and of the last two lines only the general sense can be made out.
[246]Brit. Mus. Greek Inscr.i. p. 102. Cf.New Chapters in Greek Historyp. 322.
[246]Brit. Mus. Greek Inscr.i. p. 102. Cf.New Chapters in Greek Historyp. 322.
[247]Kaibel, No. 183.
[247]Kaibel, No. 183.
[248]Kaibel, No. 179. Roehl,Inscrr. Gr. Antiqq.No. 342.
[248]Kaibel, No. 179. Roehl,Inscrr. Gr. Antiqq.No. 342.
[249]This is the rendering of Roehl. The conceit is rather far-fetched for so early a period.
[249]This is the rendering of Roehl. The conceit is rather far-fetched for so early a period.
[250]Kaibel, No. 180: Roehl, No. 343.
[250]Kaibel, No. 180: Roehl, No. 343.
[251]Kaibel, No. 182.
[251]Kaibel, No. 182.
[252]Ibid. No. 487.
[252]Ibid. No. 487.
[253]Ibid. No. 486.
[253]Ibid. No. 486.
[254]Ibid. No. 488.
[254]Ibid. No. 488.
[255]Ibid. No. 209.
[255]Ibid. No. 209.
[256]Ibid. No. 490.
[256]Ibid. No. 490.
[257]Kaibel, No. 38.
[257]Kaibel, No. 38.
[258]Ibid. No. 34.
[258]Ibid. No. 34.
[259]Kaibel, No. 189.
[259]Kaibel, No. 189.
[260]Ibid. No. 482.
[260]Ibid. No. 482.
[261]Ibid. No. 493.
[261]Ibid. No. 493.
[262]Ibid. No. 491.
[262]Ibid. No. 491.
[263]Fortune, Τ�χη, was represented in art as holding a rudder and a cornucopia.
[263]Fortune, Τ�χη, was represented in art as holding a rudder and a cornucopia.
[264]That is, the Charitesia, games held at Orchomenus.
[264]That is, the Charitesia, games held at Orchomenus.
[265]Kaibel, No. 191.
[265]Kaibel, No. 191.
[266]Ibid. No. 224.
[266]Ibid. No. 224.
[267]Ibid. No. 496.
[267]Ibid. No. 496.
[268]Ibid. No. 497.
[268]Ibid. No. 497.
[269]Kaibel, No. 473.
[269]Kaibel, No. 473.
[270]Anth. Palat.vii. 64, anonymous.
[270]Anth. Palat.vii. 64, anonymous.
[271]Stephani,Der ausruhende Herakles, p. 59. The relief has disappeared.
[271]Stephani,Der ausruhende Herakles, p. 59. The relief has disappeared.
[272]Kaibel, No. 463.
[272]Kaibel, No. 463.
[273]Ibid. No. 462.
[273]Ibid. No. 462.
[274]VII. 545.
[274]VII. 545.
[275]Journ. Hell. Stud.3 p. 112.
[275]Journ. Hell. Stud.3 p. 112.
[276]Kaibel, No. 465.
[276]Kaibel, No. 465.
[277]Ibid. No. 218.
[277]Ibid. No. 218.
[278]Ibid. No. 195.
[278]Ibid. No. 195.
[279]Ibid. No. 190.
[279]Ibid. No. 190.
[280]Anth. Palat.vii. 163. Version of J. Williams.
[280]Anth. Palat.vii. 163. Version of J. Williams.
[281]Anth. Palat.vii. 489. Version of J. Williams.
[281]Anth. Palat.vii. 489. Version of J. Williams.
[282]Ibid. vii. 451. Version of J. Williams.
[282]Ibid. vii. 451. Version of J. Williams.
[283]Ibid. vii. 321. Version of J. Williams.
[283]Ibid. vii. 321. Version of J. Williams.
[284]Anth. Palat.vii. 657. Version of J. Williams.
[284]Anth. Palat.vii. 657. Version of J. Williams.
[285]Ibid. vii. 207. Version of J. Williams.
[285]Ibid. vii. 207. Version of J. Williams.
[286]Anth. Palat.vii. 476. Version of J. Williams.
[286]Anth. Palat.vii. 476. Version of J. Williams.
[287]Ibid. vii. 554. My version.
[287]Ibid. vii. 554. My version.
[288]Ibid. vii. 465.
[288]Ibid. vii. 465.
[289]Ibid. vii. 735. My version.
[289]Ibid. vii. 735. My version.
[290]Anth. Palat.vii. 145. My version.
[290]Anth. Palat.vii. 145. My version.
[291]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 766; Fellows,Lycia, p. 116; Petersen,Reisen in Lykien, ii. p. 193.
[291]Brit. Mus. Cat. of Sculpture, i. No. 766; Fellows,Lycia, p. 116; Petersen,Reisen in Lykien, ii. p. 193.
[292]For a full account of this monument seeAnnali dell’ Inst.1874 and 1875;Mon. dell’ Inst.x.; cf. also Benndorf and Niemann,Reisen in Carien und Lykien, p. 89, pl. xxiv.
[292]For a full account of this monument seeAnnali dell’ Inst.1874 and 1875;Mon. dell’ Inst.x.; cf. also Benndorf and Niemann,Reisen in Carien und Lykien, p. 89, pl. xxiv.
[293]From Overbeck,Geschichte der gr. Plastik, ii. 191.
[293]From Overbeck,Geschichte der gr. Plastik, ii. 191.
[294]Annali dell’ Inst.1875, pl.DE.
[294]Annali dell’ Inst.1875, pl.DE.
[295]All that is preserved of steed and rider is the foreleg of the rearing horse.
[295]All that is preserved of steed and rider is the foreleg of the rearing horse.
[296]Arch. Zeit.1882, p. 359.
[296]Arch. Zeit.1882, p. 359.
[297]Das Heroon von Gjölbaschi-Trysa.O. Benndorf and G. Niemann. Wien, 1889. Our engraving is taken from pl. i. of this admirable work.
[297]Das Heroon von Gjölbaschi-Trysa.O. Benndorf and G. Niemann. Wien, 1889. Our engraving is taken from pl. i. of this admirable work.
[298]Newton,Travels and Discoveries, ii. pl. 23.
[298]Newton,Travels and Discoveries, ii. pl. 23.
[299]As to these see theAntiquités du Bosphore Cimmérien, a magnificent work, now republished at a moderate price by M. Salomon Reinach. Also Newton,Essays in Art and Archaeology, ch. ix.,Greek Art in the Kimmerian Bosporos.
[299]As to these see theAntiquités du Bosphore Cimmérien, a magnificent work, now republished at a moderate price by M. Salomon Reinach. Also Newton,Essays in Art and Archaeology, ch. ix.,Greek Art in the Kimmerian Bosporos.
[300]The Antiquary, vol. liv. pp. 273-362.
[300]The Antiquary, vol. liv. pp. 273-362.
[301]Mr. Oldfield has kindly allowed me to copy a drawing in which his latest views are incorporated.
[301]Mr. Oldfield has kindly allowed me to copy a drawing in which his latest views are incorporated.
[302]Fab.223.
[302]Fab.223.
[303]‘Aere ... uacuo pendentia Mausolea.’Epig.1.
[303]‘Aere ... uacuo pendentia Mausolea.’Epig.1.
[304]Comparing Martial,Epig.ii. 14: ‘Inde petit centum pendentia tecta columnis.’
[304]Comparing Martial,Epig.ii. 14: ‘Inde petit centum pendentia tecta columnis.’
[305]N. H.36, 30.
[305]N. H.36, 30.
[306]v. l.cvi.
[306]v. l.cvi.
[307]v. l.centenos sexagenos.
[307]v. l.centenos sexagenos.
[308]v. l.pedes ccccxl.
[308]v. l.pedes ccccxl.
[309]v. l.uocauere circumitum.
[309]v. l.uocauere circumitum.
[310]v. l.altitudinem inferiorem aequat.
[310]v. l.altitudinem inferiorem aequat.
[311]In a rough statement like this it is unnecessary to take into account the slight difference between the English and the Greek foot.
[311]In a rough statement like this it is unnecessary to take into account the slight difference between the English and the Greek foot.
[312]Hist. Disc.ii. p. 191.
[312]Hist. Disc.ii. p. 191.
[313]Funérailles et diverses manières d’ensevelir, &c., quoted by Newton in hisHistory of Discoveries, vol. i. p. 76.
[313]Funérailles et diverses manières d’ensevelir, &c., quoted by Newton in hisHistory of Discoveries, vol. i. p. 76.
[314]Journ. Hell. Stud.xiii. p. 188.
[314]Journ. Hell. Stud.xiii. p. 188.
[315]The whole of the Amazon frieze is now figured in the BerlinDenkmäler, vol. ii., and in Overbeck’sPlastik, 4th ed., ii. p. 106.
[315]The whole of the Amazon frieze is now figured in the BerlinDenkmäler, vol. ii., and in Overbeck’sPlastik, 4th ed., ii. p. 106.
[316]For an account of these see the BerlinAntike Denkmäler, vol. i. part 4; alsoBulletin de Corr. hellén.1895, p. 69.
[316]For an account of these see the BerlinAntike Denkmäler, vol. i. part 4; alsoBulletin de Corr. hellén.1895, p. 69.
[317]Une nécropole royale à Sidon.Hamdy Bey and Théodore Reinach. A good account by Studniczka in theJahrbuchof the German Institute for 1894, p. 204.
[317]Une nécropole royale à Sidon.Hamdy Bey and Théodore Reinach. A good account by Studniczka in theJahrbuchof the German Institute for 1894, p. 204.
[318]This and the subsequent engravings are taken from the plates of the magnificent work of Hamdy Bey and M. Théodore Reinach,Une nécropole royale à Sidon, by kind permission of authors and publisher.
[318]This and the subsequent engravings are taken from the plates of the magnificent work of Hamdy Bey and M. Théodore Reinach,Une nécropole royale à Sidon, by kind permission of authors and publisher.
[319]Chaps. IX, X.
[319]Chaps. IX, X.
[320]2 Sam. i. 24.
[320]2 Sam. i. 24.
[321]Hicks,Greek Historical Inscriptions, p. 155. The marble is in the Oxford Museum.
[321]Hicks,Greek Historical Inscriptions, p. 155. The marble is in the Oxford Museum.
[322]The evidence is put together by Mr. Chinnock in theClassical Reviewof June, 1893.
[322]The evidence is put together by Mr. Chinnock in theClassical Reviewof June, 1893.
[323]Cyropaedeia, viii. 3, 10.
[323]Cyropaedeia, viii. 3, 10.
[324]It must be observed that although we are obliged in the engraving to bisect this relief, it is really continuous. The head of the lion in the upper line fits on to the body of the lion in the lower line.
[324]It must be observed that although we are obliged in the engraving to bisect this relief, it is really continuous. The head of the lion in the upper line fits on to the body of the lion in the lower line.
[325]It is figured not only in the works already cited, but also in Overbeck’sGeschichte der Plastik, ii. p. 403, and in other works.
[325]It is figured not only in the works already cited, but also in Overbeck’sGeschichte der Plastik, ii. p. 403, and in other works.
[326]As to this and all other details, see the valuable remarks of M. Reinach,op. cit.p. 325.
[326]As to this and all other details, see the valuable remarks of M. Reinach,op. cit.p. 325.
[327]Robert,Die antiken Sarkophag-Reliefs, ii. pl. 27.
[327]Robert,Die antiken Sarkophag-Reliefs, ii. pl. 27.
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber: can scarely have aimed=> can scarcely have aimed {pg 81}
in Attica, at Spata, and at Menidi=> in Attica, at Sparta, and at Menidi {pg 105}