The Troemroid ScalometerFig. 100. The Troemroid Scalometer.
Fig. 100. The Troemroid Scalometer.
The percentage table No. II has a range from one half of 1 per cent to 30 per cent and is designed for use where extremely fine results are needed, or where a very smallamount of moisture is present. Table No. III ranges from 30 per cent up to 90 per cent. These instruments are in three models as described below.
ModelA. (One cylinder) ranges from1⁄2of 1 per cent to 30 per cent and is to be used for testing moisture contents in kiln-dried and air-dried lumber.ModelB. (Two cylinders) ranges from1⁄2of 1 per cent up to 90 per cent and is to be used for testing the moisture contents of kiln-dried, air-dried, and green lumber.ModelC. (One cylinder) ranges from 30 per cent to 90 per cent and is applicable to green lumber only.
ModelA. (One cylinder) ranges from1⁄2of 1 per cent to 30 per cent and is to be used for testing moisture contents in kiln-dried and air-dried lumber.
ModelB. (Two cylinders) ranges from1⁄2of 1 per cent up to 90 per cent and is to be used for testing the moisture contents of kiln-dried, air-dried, and green lumber.
ModelC. (One cylinder) ranges from 30 per cent to 90 per cent and is applicable to green lumber only.
Test Samples.—The green boards and all other boards intended for testing should be selected from boards of fair average quality. If air-dried, select one about half way up the height of the pile of lumber. If kiln-dried, two thirds the height of the kiln car. Do not remove the kiln car from the kiln until after the test. Three of four test pieces should be cut from near the middle of the cross-wise section of the board, and1⁄8to3⁄16inch thick. Remove the superfluous sawdust and splinters. When the test pieces are placed on the scale pan, be sure their weight is less than two ounces and more than 13⁄4ounces. If necessary, use two or more broken pieces. It is better if the test pieces can be cut off on a fine band saw.
Weighing.—Set the base of the scale on a level surface and accurately balance the scale beam. Put the test pieces on the scale pan and note their weight on the lower edge of the beam. Set the indicator point on the horizontal bar at a number corresponding to this weight, which may be found on the cylinder at the top of the table.
Dry the test pieces on the Electric Heater (Fig. 101) 30 to 40 minutes, or on the engine cylinder two or three hours. Weigh them at once and note the weight. Then turn the cylinder up and at the left of it under the small pointer find the number corresponding to this weight. The percentage of moisture lost is found directly under pointer on the horizontal bar first mentioned. The lower portion on the cylinder Table No. II is an extension ofthe upper portion, and is manipulated in the same manner except that the bottom line of figures is used for the first weight, and the right side of cylinder for second weight. Turn the cylinder down instead of up when using it.
Examples (Test Pieces)
ModelA. Table No. II, Kiln-dried or Air-dried Lumber:If first weight is 901⁄2and the second weight is 87, the cylinder table will show the board from which the test pieces were taken had a moisture content of 3.8 per cent.ModelB. Tables No. II and III, Air-dried (also Green and Kiln-dried) Lumber.If the first weight on lower cylinder is 97 and the second weight is 76, the table will show 21.6 per cent of moisture.ModelC. Table III, Green Lumber:If the first weight is 94 and the second weight is 51, the table shows 45.8 per cent of moisture.
ModelA. Table No. II, Kiln-dried or Air-dried Lumber:If first weight is 901⁄2and the second weight is 87, the cylinder table will show the board from which the test pieces were taken had a moisture content of 3.8 per cent.
ModelB. Tables No. II and III, Air-dried (also Green and Kiln-dried) Lumber.If the first weight on lower cylinder is 97 and the second weight is 76, the table will show 21.6 per cent of moisture.
ModelC. Table III, Green Lumber:If the first weight is 94 and the second weight is 51, the table shows 45.8 per cent of moisture.
Saw Mills.—Should test and mark each pile of lumber when first piled in the yard, and later when sold it should be again tested and the two records given to the purchaser.
Factories.—Should test and mark the lumber when first received, and if piled in the yard to be kiln-dried later, it should be tested before going into the dry kiln, and again before being removed, and these records placed on file for future reference.
Kiln-dried lumber piled in storage rooms (without any heat) will absorb 7 to 9 per cent of moisture, and even when so stored should be tested for moisture before being manufactured into the finished product.
Never work lumber through the factory that has more than 5 or 6 per cent of moisture or less than 3 per cent.
Dry storage rooms should be provided with heating coils and properly ventilated.
Oak or any other species of wood that shows 25 or 30 per cent of moisture when going into the dry kiln, will take longer to dry than it would if it contained 15 to 20 per cent, therefore the importance of testing before putting into the kiln as well as when taking it out.
InFigure 101is shown the Electric Heater. This heater is especially designed to dry quickly the test pieces for use in connection with the Scalometer (seeFig. 100) without charring them. It may be attached to any electric light socket of 110 volts direct or alternating current. A metal rack is provided to hold the test pieces vertically on edge.
The Electric HeaterFig. 101. The Electric Heater.
Fig. 101. The Electric Heater.
Turn the test pieces over once or twice while drying.
It will require from 20 minutes to one hour to remove all the moisture from the test pieces when placed on this heater, depending on whether they are cut from green, air-dried, or kiln-dried boards.
Test pieces cut from softwoods will dry quicker than those cut from hardwoods.
When the test pieces fail to show any further loss in weight, they are then free from all moisture content.
Abies amabalis,21Abies balsamea,20Abies concolor,20Abies grandis,20Abies magnifica,21Abies nobilis,21Acer macrophyllum,69Acer negundo,69Acer Pennsylvanicum,70Acer rubrum,69Acer saccharinum,69Acer saccharum,68Acer spicatum,69Æsculus flava,45Æsculus glabra,45Æsculus octandra,45Ailanthus glandulosa,37Asimina triloba,76Betula lenta,41Betula lutea,42Betula nigra,43Betula papyrifera,43Betula populifolia,42Betula rubra,43Buxus sempervirens,77Carpinus Caroliana,44Castanea Americana,48Castanea chrysophylla,49Castanea dentata,48Castanea pumila,48Castanea vesca,48Castanea vulgaris,48Catalpa bignonioides,46Catalpa speciosa,46Celtis occidentalis,62Chamæcyparis Lawsonia,18Chamæcyparis thyoides,17Cladrastis lutea,85Cornus florida,49Cupressus nootkatensis,18Diospyros Virginia,77Evonymus atropurpureus,82Fagus ferruginea,40Fraxinus Americana,37Fraxinus Caroliniana,39Fraxinus nigra,38Fraxinus Oregana,38Fraxinus Pennsylvanica,38Fraxinus pubescens,38Fraxinus quadrangulata,38Fraxinus sambucifolia,38Fraxinus viridis,38Gleditschia triacanthos,66Gymnocladus dioicus,49Hicoria alba,64Hicoria glabra,64Hicoria minima,64Hicoria ovata,64Hicoria pecan,64Ilex monticolo,65Ilex opaca,64Juglans cinerea,45Juglans nigra,82Juniperus communis,19Juniperus Virginiana,18Larix Americana,22Larix laricina,22Larix occidentalis,22Libocedrus decurrens,18Liquidamber styraciflua,54Liriodendron tulipfera,81Maclura aurantiaca,76Magnolia acuminata,67Magnolia glauca,67Magnolia tripetala,67Morus rubra,70Nyssa aquatica,60Nyssa sylvatica,62Ostrya Virginiana,65Oxydendrum arboreum,80Picea alba,28Picea canadensis,28Picea engelmanni,28Picea mariana,27Picea nigra,27Picea rubens,28Picea sitchensis,28Pinus banksiana,27Pinus cubensis,26Pinus divaricata,27Pinus enchinata,26Pinus flexilis,24Pinus inops,27Pinus Jeffreyi,25Pinus Lambertiana,24Pinus monticolo,24Pinus Murryana,27Pinus palustris,24Pinus ponderosa,25Pinus resinosa,25Pinus rigida,26Pinus strobus,23Pinus tæda,25Pinus Virginiana,27Platanus occidentalis,80Platanus racemosa,81Populus alba,79Populus angulata,77Populus balsamifera,79Populus fremontii,78Populus grandidentata,79Populus heteropylla,78Populus monilifera,77Populus nigra italica,79Populus tremuloides,79Populus trichocarpa,78Populus Wislizeni,78Prunus Pennsylvanica,47Prunus serotina,47Pseudotsuga douglasii,29Pseudotsuga taxifolia,29Pyrus coronaria,49Quercus acuminata,73Quercus alba,71Quercus aquatica,73Quercus bicolor,72Quercus chrysolepis,76Quercus coccinea,75Quercus digitata,75Quercus durandii,71Quercus falcata,75Quercus garryana,71Quercus ilicijolia,74Quercus imbricaria,75Quercus lobata,72Quercus lyrata,73Quercus macrocarpa,72Quercus marilandica,75Quercus Michauxii,74Quercus minor,74Quercus nigra,75Quercus obtusiloda,74Quercus palustris,73Quercus phellos,72Quercus platanoides,72Quercus prinoides,74Quercus prinus,73Quercus pumila,74Quercus rubra,74Quercus tinctoria,74Quercus velutina,74Quercus virens,75Rhamnus Caroliniana,45Robinia pseudacacia,66Robinia viscosa,66Salix alba,83Salix amygdaloides,84Salix babylonica,84Salix bebbiana,84Salix discolor,84Salix fluviatilis,84Salix fragilis,84Salix lucida,84Salix nigra,83Salix rostrata,84Salix vitellina,83Sassafras sassafras,80Sequoia sempervirens,19Taxodium distinchum,19Taxus brevifolia,30Thuya gigantea,17Thuya occidentalis,17Tilia Americana,39Tilia heterophylla,39Tilia pubescens,39Tsuga canadensis,21Tsuga mertensiana,21Ulmus alata,51Ulmus Americana,50Ulmus crassifolia,51Ulmus fulva,51Ulmus pubescens,51Ulmus racemosa,50Umbellularia Californica,65
Abies amabalis,21Abies balsamea,20Abies concolor,20Abies grandis,20Abies magnifica,21Abies nobilis,21Acer macrophyllum,69Acer negundo,69Acer Pennsylvanicum,70Acer rubrum,69Acer saccharinum,69Acer saccharum,68Acer spicatum,69Æsculus flava,45Æsculus glabra,45Æsculus octandra,45Ailanthus glandulosa,37Asimina triloba,76Betula lenta,41Betula lutea,42Betula nigra,43Betula papyrifera,43Betula populifolia,42Betula rubra,43Buxus sempervirens,77Carpinus Caroliana,44Castanea Americana,48Castanea chrysophylla,49Castanea dentata,48Castanea pumila,48Castanea vesca,48Castanea vulgaris,48Catalpa bignonioides,46Catalpa speciosa,46Celtis occidentalis,62Chamæcyparis Lawsonia,18Chamæcyparis thyoides,17Cladrastis lutea,85Cornus florida,49Cupressus nootkatensis,18Diospyros Virginia,77Evonymus atropurpureus,82Fagus ferruginea,40Fraxinus Americana,37Fraxinus Caroliniana,39Fraxinus nigra,38Fraxinus Oregana,38Fraxinus Pennsylvanica,38Fraxinus pubescens,38Fraxinus quadrangulata,38Fraxinus sambucifolia,38Fraxinus viridis,38Gleditschia triacanthos,66Gymnocladus dioicus,49Hicoria alba,64Hicoria glabra,64Hicoria minima,64Hicoria ovata,64Hicoria pecan,64Ilex monticolo,65Ilex opaca,64Juglans cinerea,45Juglans nigra,82Juniperus communis,19Juniperus Virginiana,18Larix Americana,22Larix laricina,22Larix occidentalis,22Libocedrus decurrens,18Liquidamber styraciflua,54Liriodendron tulipfera,81Maclura aurantiaca,76Magnolia acuminata,67Magnolia glauca,67Magnolia tripetala,67Morus rubra,70Nyssa aquatica,60Nyssa sylvatica,62Ostrya Virginiana,65Oxydendrum arboreum,80Picea alba,28Picea canadensis,28Picea engelmanni,28Picea mariana,27Picea nigra,27Picea rubens,28Picea sitchensis,28Pinus banksiana,27
Pinus cubensis,26Pinus divaricata,27Pinus enchinata,26Pinus flexilis,24Pinus inops,27Pinus Jeffreyi,25Pinus Lambertiana,24Pinus monticolo,24Pinus Murryana,27Pinus palustris,24Pinus ponderosa,25Pinus resinosa,25Pinus rigida,26Pinus strobus,23Pinus tæda,25Pinus Virginiana,27Platanus occidentalis,80Platanus racemosa,81Populus alba,79Populus angulata,77Populus balsamifera,79Populus fremontii,78Populus grandidentata,79Populus heteropylla,78Populus monilifera,77Populus nigra italica,79Populus tremuloides,79Populus trichocarpa,78Populus Wislizeni,78Prunus Pennsylvanica,47Prunus serotina,47Pseudotsuga douglasii,29Pseudotsuga taxifolia,29Pyrus coronaria,49Quercus acuminata,73Quercus alba,71Quercus aquatica,73Quercus bicolor,72Quercus chrysolepis,76Quercus coccinea,75Quercus digitata,75Quercus durandii,71Quercus falcata,75Quercus garryana,71Quercus ilicijolia,74Quercus imbricaria,75Quercus lobata,72Quercus lyrata,73Quercus macrocarpa,72Quercus marilandica,75Quercus Michauxii,74Quercus minor,74Quercus nigra,75Quercus obtusiloda,74Quercus palustris,73Quercus phellos,72Quercus platanoides,72Quercus prinoides,74Quercus prinus,73Quercus pumila,74Quercus rubra,74Quercus tinctoria,74Quercus velutina,74Quercus virens,75Rhamnus Caroliniana,45Robinia pseudacacia,66Robinia viscosa,66Salix alba,83Salix amygdaloides,84Salix babylonica,84Salix bebbiana,84Salix discolor,84Salix fluviatilis,84Salix fragilis,84Salix lucida,84Salix nigra,83Salix rostrata,84Salix vitellina,83Sassafras sassafras,80Sequoia sempervirens,19Taxodium distinchum,19Taxus brevifolia,30Thuya gigantea,17Thuya occidentalis,17Tilia Americana,39Tilia heterophylla,39Tilia pubescens,39Tsuga canadensis,21Tsuga mertensiana,21Ulmus alata,51Ulmus Americana,50Ulmus crassifolia,51Ulmus fulva,51Ulmus pubescens,51Ulmus racemosa,50Umbellularia Californica,65