ad—accidō, ere, cidī, —,to happen, befall, come to pass.con—concidō, ere, cidī,—,to fall, be slain, perish.in—incidō, ere, cidī,—,fall, fall intooron, meet;happen, occur;incidere in aliquem,to happen in the time of anybody.ob—occidō, ere, cidī, —,fall down, fall, perish;set(of the sun).re—recidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall back, return;fall.caedēs, is[caedō], f.,slaughter, massacre.caedō, ere, cecīdī, caesus,to cut, cut to pieces;kill, conquer, rout;virgīs caedere,to flog.ob—occīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut down, kill, slay.prae—praecīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut short, cut off.caelestis, e[caelum], adj.,from heaven, heavenly, celestial.Caelius, ī, m. (sc.mōns),the Caelian hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.caelum, ī, n.,the sky, heavens.caenōsus[caenum], adj.,foul, filthy.caenum, ī, n.,mud, filth, mire.Caesar, aris, m.,Caesar, a family name in the Julian gens.1.C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator, born 100B.C., quaestor in 68, aedile in 65, praetor in 62, consul in 59; conquered Gaul, 58-50; engaged in civil war with Pompey and his supporters, 49-46; created perpetual dictator in 46; murdered, March 15, 44.2. The grandson of Caesar’s sister,C. Octāvius, was adopted by Caesar, and henceforth known asC. Iūlius Caesar Octāviānus. He was born 63B.C., formed the second triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus in 44; with Antony’s help defeated Brutus and Cassius, the murderers of Caesar, in 42, at Philippi; defeated Antony at Actium, in 31, and became sole master of the Roman world, which he ruled till his death in 14A.D.See alsoAugustus.caesariēs, —, acc.em, f.,hair(of the head),locks(only in sing.).calamitās, ātis, f.,calamity, disaster.calcar, āris, n.,a spur.callidus, adj.,shrewd, cunning, sly.Calpurnia, ae, f.,Calpurnia, daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso, and wife of Julius Caesar.Calpurnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeBibulus.calvitium, ī[calvus], n.,baldness.calvus, adj.,bald.Calvus, ī[calvus], m., cognomen ofC. Licinius Macer Calvus, poet and orator, 82-47B.C.Camers, ertis, m., an inhabitant of Camerinum, a town of Umbria, a district in Central Italy.Campānia, ae, f., a district on the west coast of Italy, south of Latium.Campānus, adj.,Campanian.campus, ī, m.,a field, especially theCampus Mārtius, a plain lying between the Capitoline Hill and the Tiber, and thus orig. outside the walls. It was used as a place of exercise, as a parade ground and place for reviews. Later, elections were held there.candeō, ēre, uī, —,to shine, glow.ad—accendō, ere, ī, cēnsus,to set fire to, kindle, burn;arouse, fire, anger.in—incendō, ere, ī, cēnsus,to set on fire;arouse, excite.candidus[candeō], adj.,white.Canīnius, ī, m., gentile name ofC. Canīnius Rēbilus, consul for a few hours on December 31, 45B.C.canis, is, m. and f.,a dog.Cannae, ārum, f. pl., a small town in Apulia in southeastern Italy.Cannēnsis, e, adj.,oforat Cannae.canō, ere, cecinī, —,to sing, chant, play;sound, give signal.prae—praecinō, ere, uī, —,to play before(one).cantus, ūs[canō], m.,song;note, cry.Canusium, ī, n., a town in Apulia near Cannae.capesso, ere, īvī, ītus[desid. ofcapiō],to take eagerly, seize, resort to.capillus, ī[caput], m.,the hair.capiō, ere, cēpī, captus,to take, seize, capture;cōnsilium capere,to form a plan.ad—accipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take to one’s self, receive, adopt;meet with, welcome;understand, interpret.con—concipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in, imagine, conceive.dē—dēcipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in, catch, deceive, cheat.ex—excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take out, appropriate, overhear;receive, greet;await, confront.in—incipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up, begin, undertake.inter—intercipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to seize in passing, steal, usurp.prae—praecipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum,direct, bid, order.re—recipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take back, recover;take, receive;sē recipere,to retreat, withdraw.sub—suscipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up, undertake, assume, succeed to.Capitōlīnus, adj.,pertaining to the Capitol.Capitōlium, ī, n.,the Capitol, the chief temple of Jupiter in Rome; often, also, the hill on which this temple stood, theMōns Capitōlīnus, the citadel of Rome.capra, ae, f.,a she-goat;Caprae palūs,Goat Swamp, in the Campus Martius.captīvus[capiō], adj.,captive; as noun,captīvus, ī, m.,a prisoner, captive.captō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcapiō],to seize eagerly, strive to seize, strive for;take in, deceive, trap.Capua, ae, f., a city in Campania noted for its luxury.capulus, ī[capiō], m.,hilt, handle.caput, itis, n.,the head, life;headorcapitalof a nation;capite damnāre,to condemn to death.carbō, inis, m.,a coal, charcoal.Carbō, inis, m.,C. Papīrius, an enemy of Sulla, defeated by Pompey.carcer, eris, n.,a prison, esp. the state prison at Rome, built by Ancus Marcius, and known since the middle ages as the ‘Mamertine Prison.’ It lay at the foot of the Capitoline Hill, on the side towards the Forum. The historian Sallust thus describes it: “In the prison there is a place called theTulliānum, about twelve feetbelow the surface of the ground. It is built with strong walls, and above it there is a room constructed with stone vaulting. It is a disgusting and horrible place on account of the filth, the darkness, and the stench.”carnifex, ficis[carō,flesh+faciō], m.,executioner, butcher.carpentum, ī, n.,a two-wheeled carriage.carpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluck, tear.dis—discerpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluckortear in pieces.ex—excerpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluck out, choose, select.Carthāginiēnsis, e, adj.,Carthaginian.Carthāgō, inis, f.,Carthage, a city on the northern coast of Africa, colonized by Phoenicians from Tyre.Carthāgō Nova, f.,New Carthage, a city on the east coast of Spain, founded by the Carthaginians.cārus, adj.,dear, beloved;costly.casa, ae, f.,a hut, cottage.Casca, ae, m.,C. Servīlius, one of the murderers of Julius Caesar.Cassius, ī, m., gentile name ofC. Cassius Longīnus, one of the foremost conspirators against Caesar in 44B.C.castellum, ī[dim. ofcastrum], n.,a stronghold, castle, fort.castīgō, āre, āvī, ātus[castus,pure+agō],to correct, punish, chastise.castrum, ī, n.,a fortified place; pl.,castra, ōrum,a camp.cāsus, ūs[cadō], m.,that which befalls, accident, chance;misfortune, calamity.catapulta, ae, f.,an engine for hurling arrows, catapult.catēna, ae, f.,a chain, fetter.Catilīna, ae, m.,L. Sergius, who conspired against the state during Cicero’s consulship, 63B.C.catīllus, ī, m.,a small dish, plate.Catō, ōnis, m.,M. Porcius, calledUticēnsis,because he committed suicide at Utica in Africa, after the battle of Thapsus 46B.C.Catullus, ī, m.,C. Valerius, the famous lyric poet, 87-54B.C.catulus, ī, m.,a young animal, cub.Catulus, ī, m.,Q. Lutātius, who in 67B.C.opposed the grant of extraordinary powers to Pompey for the war with the pirates.cauda, ae, f.,tail.causa, ae, f.,cause, reason, occasion;case at law;causā(with preceding gen.),for the sake of, a common expression of purpose;causam dīcere,to plead a casein court.cautus[orig. part. ofcaveō], adj.,careful, wary, cautious.cavea, ae[cavus,hollow], f.,a cage.caveō, ēre, cāvī, cautus,to be on one’s guard, beware, guard against.cēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go, move;to go from, retire;yield, submit;ex sententiā cēdere,to turn out to one’s satisfaction.ab—abscēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go away, withdraw, depart.ad—accēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to goorcome to, move towards, approach;be added.ante—antecēdō, ere, cessī, —,to go before, precede.con—concēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to withdraw, retire, depart;yield, submit;allow, grant, concede.dē—dēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go away, withdraw, depart;to die(sc.vītā).dis—discēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go away, depart;come off.in—incēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to advance, approach;march;move slowly.prae—praecēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go before.prō—prōcēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to move forward, advance, make progress.re—recēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to move back, withdraw, retire, retreat.sē—sēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to retire, withdraw.sub—succēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to follow, succeed;be successful.celeber, bris, bre, adj.,famous.celebrātus[part. ofcelebrō,to throng], adj., of a place,thronged, frequented; of persons, places, or things,famous, brilliant.celer, eris, ere, adj.,swift, quick, lively.celeritās, ātis[celer], f.,swiftness, speed, alertness.celeriter[celer], adv.,quickly, soon.cella, ae, f.,chamber, sanctuary, shrine.cēlō, āre, āvī, ātus,to hide, conceal.Celtibērī, ōrum, m. pl.,the Celtiberi, a tribe in Spain.cēna, ae, f.,dinner, the principal meal of the Romans, taken about three o’clock.cēnō, āre, āvī, ātus[cēna],to dine, eat.cēnseō, ēre, uī, us,to rate, value;be of the opinion, think;determine, decide.cēnsus, ūs[cēnseō], m.,an enumerationandclassification of the peopleaccording to wealth,a census.centiēs[centum], adv.,a hundred times.centum, indecl. num. adj.,a hundred.centuria, ae[centum], f.,a division of the army or the people, containing a hundred persons,a century.centuriō, ōnis[centuria], m.,a commander of a century, centurion, captain.cernō, ere, crēvī, certus[crētus],toseparate;see, perceive;decide, determine.dē—dēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to decide, determine;decree, vote, entrust(by a decree);contend, fight.sē—sēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to separate, divide.certāmen, inis[certō], n.,match, trialof skill or strength;contest, battle.certātim[certō], adv.,in rivalry, zealously.certē[certus], adv.,certainly, surely.certō, āre, āvī, ātum[certus],to vie with, contend.certus[orig. part. ofcernō], adj.,determined, fixed;certain, definite, specified, assured;certiōrem facere,to inform;certior fierī,to be informed.cervīx, īcis, f.,neck, throat.cessō, āre, āvī, ātum[freq. ofcēdō],to be inactive, loiter, delay.cēterum[cēterus], adv. and conj.,for the rest, but, moreover, besides.cēterī, ae, a, adj.,the rest, the other, the others.charta, ae, f.,writing material, paper, sheet(of Egyptian papyrus).Chrȳsogonus, ī, m.,L. Cornēlius, a freedman of Sulla.cibārius[cibus], adj.,pertaining to food;rēs cibāria,provisions.cibus, ī, m.,food, victuals.cicātrīx, īcis, f.,a scar.cicer, ciceris, n.,a pea, chickpea.Cicerō, ōnis[cicer], m., cognomen ofM. Tullius Cicerō, the famous orator, born at Arpinum, 106B.C.; quaestor in Sicily, 75; praetor, 66; consul, 63; killed by Antony’s order in 43.Cimber, brī, m.,a Cimbrian, one of the Cimbri, the Teutonic tribe which, together with the Teutones, invaded Italy, and was defeated by Marius in 101B.C.Cimbricus, adj.,Cimbrian.cingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to encircle, surround;gird, gird on, equip;obsidiōne cingere,to blockade, besiege.ad—accingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to gird, gird on, equip, arm.sub—succingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to gird, arm, equip.cinis, eris, m.,ashes.Cinna, ae, m.,L. Cornēlius, leader with Marius of the popular party.circā, adv. and prep, with acc.,around, round about, throughout.circum, adv. and prep, with acc.,around, about.circumdō, seedō.circumfundō, seefundō.circumstō, seestō.circumveniō, seeveniō.circus, ī, m.,a circle, enclosurefor athletic sports, esp. chariot-races;Circus Māximus: seep. 18, n. 6.citerior, ōris, adj.,on this side, hither, nearer.citō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcieō,to set in motion],to rouse, urge on;summon.con—concitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rouse, excite;move, instigate.ex—excitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to call or bring forth;rouse, excite.in—incitō, āre, āvī, ātus,urge on, arouse, incite.cīvicus[cīvis], adj.,of citizens, civic;cīvica corōna,the civic crown, given to a soldier who saved the life of a citizen in battle.cīvīlis, e[cīvis], adj.,of citizens, civil, civic;courteous, polite.cīvis, is, m.,citizen, fellow-citizen.cīvitās, ātis[cīvis], f.,citizenship;state, body of citizens.clādēs, is, f.,disaster, overthrow, defeat;clādem accipere,to sustain a defeat;clāde adficere,to defeat.clam[cēlō], adv.,secretly.clāmitō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofclāmō],to cry aloud, shout loudly.clāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,to shout.ad—acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to shout loudly, exclaim.con—conclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,cry out together, shout.ex—exclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to cry out, shout aloud, exclaim.in—inclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,shout loudly;cry out to, call upon, appeal to.prō—prōclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to call, cry out, proclaim.sub—succlāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,to shout in answer, to answer loudly.clāmor, ōris[clāmō], m.,shout, cry, noise.clandestīnus[clam], adj.,secret.clangor, ōris, m.,noise, clash, clang.clārus, adj.,bright;famous, renowned; of sound,clear, loud.classicum, ī[classis], n. (sc.sīgnum),battle signalon the trumpet.classis, is, f.,a classordivision of citizens;a fleet.Claudia, ae, f., a sister of Appius Claudius Pulcher.Claudius, ī, m., the name of a famous Roman gens.1.Appius Claudius, one of the Decemvirs of 451B.C.2.Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul in 249B.C., and defeated in a naval battle off Drepanum in Sicily.claudō, ere, clausī, clausus,to shut, close;shut in, imprison.ex—exclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut out, exclude.in—inclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut in, enclose;imprison.clausula, ae[claudō], f.,conclusion.clāvus, ī, m.,a nail.clēmēns, entis, adj.,gentle, kindly, merciful.clēmenter[clēmēns], adv.,quietly, mercifully, mildly.clēmentia, ae[clēmēns], f.,mercifulness, forbearance, kindness.Cleopatra, ae, f., the famous queen of Egypt, renowned for her wit and beauty. She lived 69-30B.C.cliēns, entis[orig.cluēns, fromclueō,to hear], m.,a vassal, dependent, client. Theclientēsattached themselves to some patrician, who aided them in business, esp. legal business, and was practically their father or guardian. The clients in turn were bound to respect and serve their patron, and to assist him financially, esp. in ransoming him, if captured, and in providing a marriage portion for his daughters.clīvus, ī, m.,ascent, slope, hill;Clīvus Capitōlīnus, a street running up from the Forum to the Capitol.Clōdius, ī, m., plebeian form of Claudius, the gentile name ofP. Clōdius Pulcher, Cicero’s enemy, who, as tribune of the people, brought about his banishment.Clypea, ae, f., a fortified town in Africa, near Carthage.Cn., abbreviation of the nameGnaeus.coepī, coepisse, coeptus,to begin.coerceō, seearceō.cōgitātiō, ōnis[cōgitō], f.,thought, consideration, plan.cōgitō, seeagitō.cōgnātiō, ōnis[cōgnātus], f.,blood relationship, ties of blood.cōgnātus[con+(g)nāscor], adj.,related by blood; as noun,a kinsman, blood relation.cōgnitiō, ōnis[cōgnōscō], f.,a legal investigation, judicial hearing;cōgnitiōnem īnstituere,to hold a hearing.cōgnōmen, inis[con+(g)nōmen], n., a name added to the individual andclan names of a person;a surname, either as a title of honor, asĀfricānus, Māgnus, Torquātus, or as a nickname, asCicerō.Cōgnōminaserved to distinguish different families of the same gens.cōgnōminō, āre, āvī, ātus[cōgnōmen],to surname, call.cōgnōscō, seenōscō.cōgō, seeagō.cohors, ortis, f.,cohort, company(the tenth part of a legion). Seelegiō.Collātia, ae, f., a Sabine town near Rome.Collātīnus, ī, m.,L. Tarquinius, the husband of Lucretia, and one of the first two consuls, 509B.C.collis, is, m.,a hill.collum, ī, n.,neck.colō, ere, uī, cultus, totill, cultivate;dwell in;practice, cherish;clothe, adorn;honor, esteem.ex—excolō, ere, uī, cultus,to cultivate, improve, adorn;refine.in—incolō, ere, uī, —,to dwell, dwell in, live.colōnia, ae[colō], f.,a colony, settlement.columba, ae, f.,a dove, pigeon.com, con, co, forms of the prep.cum, found only in compound words. Seecum.combūrō, seeūrō.comes, itis[con+ (1)eō], m.,companion, comrade;attendant, follower.cōmitās, ātis[cōmis,courteous], f.,courtesy, kindness.comitātus, ūs[comitor], m.,escort, train.comitium, ī[con+ (1)eō], n.,the Comitium, a place adjoining the Forum Romanum, where the voters assembled;comitia, ōrum,the comitia, an assembly of the people (esp. for elections);election;comitia indīcere,to set a date for an election.comitor, ārī, ātus sum[comes],to accompany.commeātus, ūs, m.,a furlough.commendō, seemandō.commigrō, seemigrō.commīlitō, ōnis[con+mīles], m.,fellow-soldier, comrade.comminus[con+manus], adv.,hand to hand, at close quarters.committō, seemittō.commodē[commodus], adv.,properly, fittingly, rightly.commodus[con+modus], adj.,in due measure, suitable, fit, convenient.commoveō, seemoveō.commūniō, seemūniō.commūnis, e[con+mūnus], adj.,common, joint, general.commūniter[commūnis], adv.,in common, together.commūtō, seemūtō.cōmō, seeemō.compār, paris[con+pār], adj.,equal to, like;fitting, suitable.comparō, seeparō.compellō, seepellō.comperiō, seepariō.compēs, edis[con+pēs], f., usually in the pl.,shackles, fetters.complector, ī, plexus sum,to embrace.compleō, see*pleō.complōrātiō, ōnis[complōrō,to bewail], f.,lamentation, wailing.complūrēs, aoria[con+plūs], adj.,several, many, very many.compōnō, seepōnō.compos, potis[con+potis,able], adj.,master of;vōtī compos fierī,to gain one’s heart’s desire.compositum, ī[compōnō], n.,agreement.comprehendō, seeprehendō.comprimō, seepremō.comprobō, seeprobō.computō, seeputō.con, seecom.concēdō, seecēdō.concidō, seecadō.conciliō, āre, āvī, ātus[concilium],to bring together, conciliate;win over, secure.re—reconciliō, āre, āvī, ātus,to reunite, reconcile.concilium, ī[con+calō,to call], n.,assembly, gathering.concipiō, seecapiō.concitō, seecitō.conclāmō, seeclāmō.concordia, ae[con+cor,heart], f.,union, harmony, concord.concupīscō, ere, cupīvī, cupītus[con+cupiō],to desire greatly, crave.concurrō, seecurrō.concursus, ūs[concurrō], m.,a concourse, throng;attack, charge, onset.condemnō, seedamnō.condiciō, ōnis[condīcō,to agree], f.,agreement, stipulation, terms.condō, seedō.condūcō, seedūcō.cōnferō, seeferō.cōnfertus[part. ofcōnferciō,to stuff together], adj.,crowded, dense.cōnfessiō, ōnis[cōnfiteor], f.,confession, acknowledgment.cōnfēstim, adv.,immediately, at once.cōnficiō, seefaciō.cōnfīdentia, ae[cōnfīdō,to trust], f.,boldness, assurance, confidence.cōnfīrmātus[orig. part. ofcōnfīrmō], adj.,courageous, resolute.cōnfīrmō, seefīrmō.cōnfiteor, seefateor.cōnflagrō, āre, āvī, —[con+flagrō,to burn],to burn, be destroyed(by fire).cōnflīgō, see*flīgō.cōnflō, seeflō.cōnfluō, seefluō.cōnfodiō,seefodiō.cōnfugiō, seefugiō.congerō, seegerō.congredior, seegradior.congressus, ūs[congredior], m.,meeting, interview, encounter, fight.congruō, ere, ī, —,to agree, tally.coniciō, seeiaciō.coniungō, seeiungō.coniunxorconiux[coniungō], m. and f.,married person, husband, wife.coniūrātiō, ōnis[coniūrō], f.,a conspiracy, plot.coniūrātī, ōrum[orig. part. ofconiūrō], m. pl.,conspirators.coniūrō, seeiūrō.coniux, seeconiunx.conlaudō, seelaudō.conlēga, ae[con+legō], m.,one chosen at the same time, a colleague.conligō, seelegō.conlocō, seelocō.conloquium, ī[conloquor], n.,an interview, conference.conloquor, seeloquor.cōnor, ārī, ātus sum, toattempt, try.conqueror, seequeror.conquīrō, seequaerō.cōnsalūtō, seesalūtō.cōnscendō, seescandō.cōnscientia, ae[con+sciō], f.,consciousness, knowledge.cōnscīscō, seescīscō.cōnscius[con+sciō], adj.,acquainted with, aware of.cōnscrībō, seescrībō.cōnscrīptus[orig. part. ofcōnscrībō], adj.,enrolled;patrēs cōnscrīptī, the official title of the senators. Roman writers took this phrase as =patrēs et cōnscrīptī, explainingpatrēsaspatricians, of whom orig. the senate was wholly composed, andcōnscrīptīas denoting the plebeians newly enrolled in the senate in 509B.C., after the expulsion of the kings. It may, however, =enrolled patricians, todistinguish the senators from the patricians who were not enrolled in the senate.cōnsecrō, seesacrō.cōnsēnsus, ūs[cōnsentiō], m.,united opinion, consent, agreement.cōnsentiō, seesentiō.cōnsequor, seesequor.cōnserō, seeserō.cōnservō, seeservō.cōnsīderō, āre, āvī, ātus,to look at closely, examine, reflect, consider.cōnsīdō, seesīdō.cōnsilium, ī[cf.cōnsulō], n.,plan, scheme;judgment, wit, sense, shrewdness;cōnsilium capereorinīre,to plan.cōnsistō, seesistō.cōnsobrīnus, ī[con+soror], m.,first-cousin, cousin.cōnsōlor, ārī, ātus sum[con+sōlor,to comfort],to comfort, cheer.cōnspectus, ūs[cōnspiciō], m.,sight, view.cōnspiciō, see*speciō.cōnspicuus[cōnspiciō], adj.,in plain sight, conspicuous, remarkable.cōnspīrātiō, ōnis[cōnspīrō,to breathe together, plot], f.,a plot.cōnspīrātī, ōrum[cōnspīrō,to plot], m. pl.,conspirators.cōnstāns, antis[orig. part. ofcōnstō], adj.,of strong character, firm, resolute;steadfast, consistent.cōnstanter[cōnstāns], adv.,firmly, resolutely, steadfastly.cōnstantia, ae[cōnstāns], f., a typical Roman virtue,strength of character, steadiness of purpose, firmness;courage, faithfulness.cōnsternō, seesternō.cōnstituō, seestatuō.cōnstō, seestō.cōnsuēscō, seesuēscō.cōnsuētūdō, inis[cōnsuētus, part. ofcōnsuēscō], f.,habit, custom.cōnsul, ulis, m.,a consul, the title given to the two highest officials of the Roman republic. The office was created in 509B.C.At first its powers were equal to those of the kings, except in religious matters. Later, certain of these powers were transferred to other magistrates. The consuls were elected annually; their joint names were used in giving dates. At the close of their official term, the consuls usually governed a province for a year as proconsuls.cōnsulāris, e[cōnsul], adj.,of consular rank; as noun,an ex-consul.cōnsulātus, ūs[cōnsul], m.,consulship.cōnsulō, ere, uī, tus,to take counsel, deliberate;to take counsel with, to consult;graviter cōnsulere,to take vigorous measures.cōnsultō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcōnsulō],to take counsel, deliberate.cōnsūmō, seesūmō.contemnō, ere, tempsī, temptus,to despise, scorn.contemptor, ōris[contemnō], m.,one who despises, scorner.contendō, seetendō.contentiō, ōnis[contendō], f.,straining, effort, energy;dispute, strife.contentus[orig. part. ofcontineō], adj.,content, satisfied with.continentia, ae[contineō], f.,self-restraint, moderation.contineō, seeteneō.contingō, seetangō.continuō[continuus], adv.,forthwith, straightway.continuus[contineō], adj.,uninterrupted, continuous, successive, incessant.cōntiō, ōnis[orig.co(n)ventiō, fromconveniō], f.,an assembly, meeting.contrā, prep. with acc.,against, contrary to.contrahō, seetrahō.contrārius[contrā], adj.,opposite, contrary.contubernālis, is[con+taberna,a tent], m.,tent-companion, comrade.contumēlia, ae, f.,insult, reproach, abuse.contundō[con+tundō,to beat, strike],to crush, destroy.contus, ī, m.,a pole, pike.cōnūbium, ī[con+nūbō], n.,marriage, right of intermarriage.convalēscō, ere, valuī, —[con+valeō],to begin to be well, recover.conveniēns, entis[conveniō], adj.,agreeing or consistent with, befitting.conveniō, seeveniō.convertō, seevertō.convincō, seevincō.convīvium, ī[con+vīvō], n.,a feast.convocō, seevocō.coorior, seeorior.cophinus, ī, m.,a basket.cōpia, ae[co(n)+ops], f.,abundance, supply;opportunity; in pl.,resources, forces, troops.cōpiōsē[cōpiōsus], adv.,abundantly;of speech, fluently, eloquently.cōpiōsus[cōpia], adj.,abounding in, well supplied.coquus, ī, m.,a cook.cōram[co(n)+ōs], adv.,before one’s eyes, in person; prep. with abl.,before, in the presence of.corium, ī, n.,skin, hide.Cornēlia, ae, f.,Cornelia.
ad—accidō, ere, cidī, —,to happen, befall, come to pass.con—concidō, ere, cidī,—,to fall, be slain, perish.in—incidō, ere, cidī,—,fall, fall intooron, meet;happen, occur;incidere in aliquem,to happen in the time of anybody.ob—occidō, ere, cidī, —,fall down, fall, perish;set(of the sun).re—recidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall back, return;fall.
ad—accidō, ere, cidī, —,to happen, befall, come to pass.
con—concidō, ere, cidī,—,to fall, be slain, perish.
in—incidō, ere, cidī,—,fall, fall intooron, meet;happen, occur;incidere in aliquem,to happen in the time of anybody.
ob—occidō, ere, cidī, —,fall down, fall, perish;set(of the sun).
re—recidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall back, return;fall.
caedēs, is[caedō], f.,slaughter, massacre.
caedō, ere, cecīdī, caesus,to cut, cut to pieces;kill, conquer, rout;virgīs caedere,to flog.
ob—occīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut down, kill, slay.prae—praecīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut short, cut off.
ob—occīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut down, kill, slay.
prae—praecīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut short, cut off.
caelestis, e[caelum], adj.,from heaven, heavenly, celestial.
Caelius, ī, m. (sc.mōns),the Caelian hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.
caelum, ī, n.,the sky, heavens.
caenōsus[caenum], adj.,foul, filthy.
caenum, ī, n.,mud, filth, mire.
Caesar, aris, m.,Caesar, a family name in the Julian gens.
1.C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator, born 100B.C., quaestor in 68, aedile in 65, praetor in 62, consul in 59; conquered Gaul, 58-50; engaged in civil war with Pompey and his supporters, 49-46; created perpetual dictator in 46; murdered, March 15, 44.2. The grandson of Caesar’s sister,C. Octāvius, was adopted by Caesar, and henceforth known asC. Iūlius Caesar Octāviānus. He was born 63B.C., formed the second triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus in 44; with Antony’s help defeated Brutus and Cassius, the murderers of Caesar, in 42, at Philippi; defeated Antony at Actium, in 31, and became sole master of the Roman world, which he ruled till his death in 14A.D.See alsoAugustus.
1.C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator, born 100B.C., quaestor in 68, aedile in 65, praetor in 62, consul in 59; conquered Gaul, 58-50; engaged in civil war with Pompey and his supporters, 49-46; created perpetual dictator in 46; murdered, March 15, 44.
2. The grandson of Caesar’s sister,C. Octāvius, was adopted by Caesar, and henceforth known asC. Iūlius Caesar Octāviānus. He was born 63B.C., formed the second triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus in 44; with Antony’s help defeated Brutus and Cassius, the murderers of Caesar, in 42, at Philippi; defeated Antony at Actium, in 31, and became sole master of the Roman world, which he ruled till his death in 14A.D.See alsoAugustus.
caesariēs, —, acc.em, f.,hair(of the head),locks(only in sing.).
calamitās, ātis, f.,calamity, disaster.
calcar, āris, n.,a spur.
callidus, adj.,shrewd, cunning, sly.
Calpurnia, ae, f.,Calpurnia, daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso, and wife of Julius Caesar.
Calpurnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeBibulus.
calvitium, ī[calvus], n.,baldness.
calvus, adj.,bald.
Calvus, ī[calvus], m., cognomen ofC. Licinius Macer Calvus, poet and orator, 82-47B.C.
Camers, ertis, m., an inhabitant of Camerinum, a town of Umbria, a district in Central Italy.
Campānia, ae, f., a district on the west coast of Italy, south of Latium.
Campānus, adj.,Campanian.
campus, ī, m.,a field, especially theCampus Mārtius, a plain lying between the Capitoline Hill and the Tiber, and thus orig. outside the walls. It was used as a place of exercise, as a parade ground and place for reviews. Later, elections were held there.
candeō, ēre, uī, —,to shine, glow.
ad—accendō, ere, ī, cēnsus,to set fire to, kindle, burn;arouse, fire, anger.in—incendō, ere, ī, cēnsus,to set on fire;arouse, excite.
ad—accendō, ere, ī, cēnsus,to set fire to, kindle, burn;arouse, fire, anger.
in—incendō, ere, ī, cēnsus,to set on fire;arouse, excite.
candidus[candeō], adj.,white.
Canīnius, ī, m., gentile name ofC. Canīnius Rēbilus, consul for a few hours on December 31, 45B.C.
canis, is, m. and f.,a dog.
Cannae, ārum, f. pl., a small town in Apulia in southeastern Italy.
Cannēnsis, e, adj.,oforat Cannae.
canō, ere, cecinī, —,to sing, chant, play;sound, give signal.
prae—praecinō, ere, uī, —,to play before(one).
cantus, ūs[canō], m.,song;note, cry.
Canusium, ī, n., a town in Apulia near Cannae.
capesso, ere, īvī, ītus[desid. ofcapiō],to take eagerly, seize, resort to.
capillus, ī[caput], m.,the hair.
capiō, ere, cēpī, captus,to take, seize, capture;cōnsilium capere,to form a plan.
ad—accipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take to one’s self, receive, adopt;meet with, welcome;understand, interpret.con—concipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in, imagine, conceive.dē—dēcipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in, catch, deceive, cheat.ex—excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take out, appropriate, overhear;receive, greet;await, confront.in—incipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up, begin, undertake.inter—intercipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to seize in passing, steal, usurp.prae—praecipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum,direct, bid, order.re—recipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take back, recover;take, receive;sē recipere,to retreat, withdraw.sub—suscipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up, undertake, assume, succeed to.
ad—accipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take to one’s self, receive, adopt;meet with, welcome;understand, interpret.
con—concipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in, imagine, conceive.
dē—dēcipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in, catch, deceive, cheat.
ex—excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take out, appropriate, overhear;receive, greet;await, confront.
in—incipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up, begin, undertake.
inter—intercipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to seize in passing, steal, usurp.
prae—praecipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptum,direct, bid, order.
re—recipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take back, recover;take, receive;sē recipere,to retreat, withdraw.
sub—suscipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up, undertake, assume, succeed to.
Capitōlīnus, adj.,pertaining to the Capitol.
Capitōlium, ī, n.,the Capitol, the chief temple of Jupiter in Rome; often, also, the hill on which this temple stood, theMōns Capitōlīnus, the citadel of Rome.
capra, ae, f.,a she-goat;Caprae palūs,Goat Swamp, in the Campus Martius.
captīvus[capiō], adj.,captive; as noun,captīvus, ī, m.,a prisoner, captive.
captō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcapiō],to seize eagerly, strive to seize, strive for;take in, deceive, trap.
Capua, ae, f., a city in Campania noted for its luxury.
capulus, ī[capiō], m.,hilt, handle.
caput, itis, n.,the head, life;headorcapitalof a nation;capite damnāre,to condemn to death.
carbō, inis, m.,a coal, charcoal.
Carbō, inis, m.,C. Papīrius, an enemy of Sulla, defeated by Pompey.
carcer, eris, n.,a prison, esp. the state prison at Rome, built by Ancus Marcius, and known since the middle ages as the ‘Mamertine Prison.’ It lay at the foot of the Capitoline Hill, on the side towards the Forum. The historian Sallust thus describes it: “In the prison there is a place called theTulliānum, about twelve feetbelow the surface of the ground. It is built with strong walls, and above it there is a room constructed with stone vaulting. It is a disgusting and horrible place on account of the filth, the darkness, and the stench.”
carnifex, ficis[carō,flesh+faciō], m.,executioner, butcher.
carpentum, ī, n.,a two-wheeled carriage.
carpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluck, tear.
dis—discerpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluckortear in pieces.ex—excerpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluck out, choose, select.
dis—discerpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluckortear in pieces.
ex—excerpō, ere, sī, tus,to pluck out, choose, select.
Carthāginiēnsis, e, adj.,Carthaginian.
Carthāgō, inis, f.,Carthage, a city on the northern coast of Africa, colonized by Phoenicians from Tyre.
Carthāgō Nova, f.,New Carthage, a city on the east coast of Spain, founded by the Carthaginians.
cārus, adj.,dear, beloved;costly.
casa, ae, f.,a hut, cottage.
Casca, ae, m.,C. Servīlius, one of the murderers of Julius Caesar.
Cassius, ī, m., gentile name ofC. Cassius Longīnus, one of the foremost conspirators against Caesar in 44B.C.
castellum, ī[dim. ofcastrum], n.,a stronghold, castle, fort.
castīgō, āre, āvī, ātus[castus,pure+agō],to correct, punish, chastise.
castrum, ī, n.,a fortified place; pl.,castra, ōrum,a camp.
cāsus, ūs[cadō], m.,that which befalls, accident, chance;misfortune, calamity.
catapulta, ae, f.,an engine for hurling arrows, catapult.
catēna, ae, f.,a chain, fetter.
Catilīna, ae, m.,L. Sergius, who conspired against the state during Cicero’s consulship, 63B.C.
catīllus, ī, m.,a small dish, plate.
Catō, ōnis, m.,M. Porcius, calledUticēnsis,because he committed suicide at Utica in Africa, after the battle of Thapsus 46B.C.
Catullus, ī, m.,C. Valerius, the famous lyric poet, 87-54B.C.
catulus, ī, m.,a young animal, cub.
Catulus, ī, m.,Q. Lutātius, who in 67B.C.opposed the grant of extraordinary powers to Pompey for the war with the pirates.
cauda, ae, f.,tail.
causa, ae, f.,cause, reason, occasion;case at law;causā(with preceding gen.),for the sake of, a common expression of purpose;causam dīcere,to plead a casein court.
cautus[orig. part. ofcaveō], adj.,careful, wary, cautious.
cavea, ae[cavus,hollow], f.,a cage.
caveō, ēre, cāvī, cautus,to be on one’s guard, beware, guard against.
cēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go, move;to go from, retire;yield, submit;ex sententiā cēdere,to turn out to one’s satisfaction.
ab—abscēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go away, withdraw, depart.ad—accēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to goorcome to, move towards, approach;be added.ante—antecēdō, ere, cessī, —,to go before, precede.con—concēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to withdraw, retire, depart;yield, submit;allow, grant, concede.dē—dēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go away, withdraw, depart;to die(sc.vītā).dis—discēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go away, depart;come off.in—incēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to advance, approach;march;move slowly.prae—praecēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go before.prō—prōcēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to move forward, advance, make progress.re—recēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to move back, withdraw, retire, retreat.sē—sēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to retire, withdraw.sub—succēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to follow, succeed;be successful.
ab—abscēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go away, withdraw, depart.
ad—accēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to goorcome to, move towards, approach;be added.
ante—antecēdō, ere, cessī, —,to go before, precede.
con—concēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to withdraw, retire, depart;yield, submit;allow, grant, concede.
dē—dēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go away, withdraw, depart;to die(sc.vītā).
dis—discēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to go away, depart;come off.
in—incēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to advance, approach;march;move slowly.
prae—praecēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go before.
prō—prōcēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to move forward, advance, make progress.
re—recēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to move back, withdraw, retire, retreat.
sē—sēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to retire, withdraw.
sub—succēdō, ere, cessī, cessum,to follow, succeed;be successful.
celeber, bris, bre, adj.,famous.
celebrātus[part. ofcelebrō,to throng], adj., of a place,thronged, frequented; of persons, places, or things,famous, brilliant.
celer, eris, ere, adj.,swift, quick, lively.
celeritās, ātis[celer], f.,swiftness, speed, alertness.
celeriter[celer], adv.,quickly, soon.
cella, ae, f.,chamber, sanctuary, shrine.
cēlō, āre, āvī, ātus,to hide, conceal.
Celtibērī, ōrum, m. pl.,the Celtiberi, a tribe in Spain.
cēna, ae, f.,dinner, the principal meal of the Romans, taken about three o’clock.
cēnō, āre, āvī, ātus[cēna],to dine, eat.
cēnseō, ēre, uī, us,to rate, value;be of the opinion, think;determine, decide.
cēnsus, ūs[cēnseō], m.,an enumerationandclassification of the peopleaccording to wealth,a census.
centiēs[centum], adv.,a hundred times.
centum, indecl. num. adj.,a hundred.
centuria, ae[centum], f.,a division of the army or the people, containing a hundred persons,a century.
centuriō, ōnis[centuria], m.,a commander of a century, centurion, captain.
cernō, ere, crēvī, certus[crētus],toseparate;see, perceive;decide, determine.
dē—dēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to decide, determine;decree, vote, entrust(by a decree);contend, fight.sē—sēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to separate, divide.
dē—dēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to decide, determine;decree, vote, entrust(by a decree);contend, fight.
sē—sēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to separate, divide.
certāmen, inis[certō], n.,match, trialof skill or strength;contest, battle.
certātim[certō], adv.,in rivalry, zealously.
certē[certus], adv.,certainly, surely.
certō, āre, āvī, ātum[certus],to vie with, contend.
certus[orig. part. ofcernō], adj.,determined, fixed;certain, definite, specified, assured;certiōrem facere,to inform;certior fierī,to be informed.
cervīx, īcis, f.,neck, throat.
cessō, āre, āvī, ātum[freq. ofcēdō],to be inactive, loiter, delay.
cēterum[cēterus], adv. and conj.,for the rest, but, moreover, besides.
cēterī, ae, a, adj.,the rest, the other, the others.
charta, ae, f.,writing material, paper, sheet(of Egyptian papyrus).
Chrȳsogonus, ī, m.,L. Cornēlius, a freedman of Sulla.
cibārius[cibus], adj.,pertaining to food;rēs cibāria,provisions.
cibus, ī, m.,food, victuals.
cicātrīx, īcis, f.,a scar.
cicer, ciceris, n.,a pea, chickpea.
Cicerō, ōnis[cicer], m., cognomen ofM. Tullius Cicerō, the famous orator, born at Arpinum, 106B.C.; quaestor in Sicily, 75; praetor, 66; consul, 63; killed by Antony’s order in 43.
Cimber, brī, m.,a Cimbrian, one of the Cimbri, the Teutonic tribe which, together with the Teutones, invaded Italy, and was defeated by Marius in 101B.C.
Cimbricus, adj.,Cimbrian.
cingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to encircle, surround;gird, gird on, equip;obsidiōne cingere,to blockade, besiege.
ad—accingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to gird, gird on, equip, arm.sub—succingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to gird, arm, equip.
ad—accingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to gird, gird on, equip, arm.
sub—succingō, ere, cinxī, cinctus,to gird, arm, equip.
cinis, eris, m.,ashes.
Cinna, ae, m.,L. Cornēlius, leader with Marius of the popular party.
circā, adv. and prep, with acc.,around, round about, throughout.
circum, adv. and prep, with acc.,around, about.
circumdō, seedō.
circumfundō, seefundō.
circumstō, seestō.
circumveniō, seeveniō.
circus, ī, m.,a circle, enclosurefor athletic sports, esp. chariot-races;Circus Māximus: seep. 18, n. 6.
citerior, ōris, adj.,on this side, hither, nearer.
citō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcieō,to set in motion],to rouse, urge on;summon.
con—concitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rouse, excite;move, instigate.ex—excitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to call or bring forth;rouse, excite.in—incitō, āre, āvī, ātus,urge on, arouse, incite.
con—concitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rouse, excite;move, instigate.
ex—excitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to call or bring forth;rouse, excite.
in—incitō, āre, āvī, ātus,urge on, arouse, incite.
cīvicus[cīvis], adj.,of citizens, civic;cīvica corōna,the civic crown, given to a soldier who saved the life of a citizen in battle.
cīvīlis, e[cīvis], adj.,of citizens, civil, civic;courteous, polite.
cīvis, is, m.,citizen, fellow-citizen.
cīvitās, ātis[cīvis], f.,citizenship;state, body of citizens.
clādēs, is, f.,disaster, overthrow, defeat;clādem accipere,to sustain a defeat;clāde adficere,to defeat.
clam[cēlō], adv.,secretly.
clāmitō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofclāmō],to cry aloud, shout loudly.
clāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,to shout.
ad—acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to shout loudly, exclaim.con—conclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,cry out together, shout.ex—exclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to cry out, shout aloud, exclaim.in—inclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,shout loudly;cry out to, call upon, appeal to.prō—prōclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to call, cry out, proclaim.sub—succlāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,to shout in answer, to answer loudly.
ad—acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to shout loudly, exclaim.
con—conclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,cry out together, shout.
ex—exclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to cry out, shout aloud, exclaim.
in—inclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,shout loudly;cry out to, call upon, appeal to.
prō—prōclāmō, āre, āvī, ātum,to call, cry out, proclaim.
sub—succlāmō, āre, āvī, ātus,to shout in answer, to answer loudly.
clāmor, ōris[clāmō], m.,shout, cry, noise.
clandestīnus[clam], adj.,secret.
clangor, ōris, m.,noise, clash, clang.
clārus, adj.,bright;famous, renowned; of sound,clear, loud.
classicum, ī[classis], n. (sc.sīgnum),battle signalon the trumpet.
classis, is, f.,a classordivision of citizens;a fleet.
Claudia, ae, f., a sister of Appius Claudius Pulcher.
Claudius, ī, m., the name of a famous Roman gens.
1.Appius Claudius, one of the Decemvirs of 451B.C.2.Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul in 249B.C., and defeated in a naval battle off Drepanum in Sicily.
1.Appius Claudius, one of the Decemvirs of 451B.C.
2.Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul in 249B.C., and defeated in a naval battle off Drepanum in Sicily.
claudō, ere, clausī, clausus,to shut, close;shut in, imprison.
ex—exclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut out, exclude.in—inclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut in, enclose;imprison.
ex—exclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut out, exclude.
in—inclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut in, enclose;imprison.
clausula, ae[claudō], f.,conclusion.
clāvus, ī, m.,a nail.
clēmēns, entis, adj.,gentle, kindly, merciful.
clēmenter[clēmēns], adv.,quietly, mercifully, mildly.
clēmentia, ae[clēmēns], f.,mercifulness, forbearance, kindness.
Cleopatra, ae, f., the famous queen of Egypt, renowned for her wit and beauty. She lived 69-30B.C.
cliēns, entis[orig.cluēns, fromclueō,to hear], m.,a vassal, dependent, client. Theclientēsattached themselves to some patrician, who aided them in business, esp. legal business, and was practically their father or guardian. The clients in turn were bound to respect and serve their patron, and to assist him financially, esp. in ransoming him, if captured, and in providing a marriage portion for his daughters.
clīvus, ī, m.,ascent, slope, hill;Clīvus Capitōlīnus, a street running up from the Forum to the Capitol.
Clōdius, ī, m., plebeian form of Claudius, the gentile name ofP. Clōdius Pulcher, Cicero’s enemy, who, as tribune of the people, brought about his banishment.
Clypea, ae, f., a fortified town in Africa, near Carthage.
Cn., abbreviation of the nameGnaeus.
coepī, coepisse, coeptus,to begin.
coerceō, seearceō.
cōgitātiō, ōnis[cōgitō], f.,thought, consideration, plan.
cōgitō, seeagitō.
cōgnātiō, ōnis[cōgnātus], f.,blood relationship, ties of blood.
cōgnātus[con+(g)nāscor], adj.,related by blood; as noun,a kinsman, blood relation.
cōgnitiō, ōnis[cōgnōscō], f.,a legal investigation, judicial hearing;cōgnitiōnem īnstituere,to hold a hearing.
cōgnōmen, inis[con+(g)nōmen], n., a name added to the individual andclan names of a person;a surname, either as a title of honor, asĀfricānus, Māgnus, Torquātus, or as a nickname, asCicerō.Cōgnōminaserved to distinguish different families of the same gens.
cōgnōminō, āre, āvī, ātus[cōgnōmen],to surname, call.
cōgnōscō, seenōscō.
cōgō, seeagō.
cohors, ortis, f.,cohort, company(the tenth part of a legion). Seelegiō.
Collātia, ae, f., a Sabine town near Rome.
Collātīnus, ī, m.,L. Tarquinius, the husband of Lucretia, and one of the first two consuls, 509B.C.
collis, is, m.,a hill.
collum, ī, n.,neck.
colō, ere, uī, cultus, totill, cultivate;dwell in;practice, cherish;clothe, adorn;honor, esteem.
ex—excolō, ere, uī, cultus,to cultivate, improve, adorn;refine.in—incolō, ere, uī, —,to dwell, dwell in, live.
ex—excolō, ere, uī, cultus,to cultivate, improve, adorn;refine.
in—incolō, ere, uī, —,to dwell, dwell in, live.
colōnia, ae[colō], f.,a colony, settlement.
columba, ae, f.,a dove, pigeon.
com, con, co, forms of the prep.cum, found only in compound words. Seecum.
combūrō, seeūrō.
comes, itis[con+ (1)eō], m.,companion, comrade;attendant, follower.
cōmitās, ātis[cōmis,courteous], f.,courtesy, kindness.
comitātus, ūs[comitor], m.,escort, train.
comitium, ī[con+ (1)eō], n.,the Comitium, a place adjoining the Forum Romanum, where the voters assembled;comitia, ōrum,the comitia, an assembly of the people (esp. for elections);election;comitia indīcere,to set a date for an election.
comitor, ārī, ātus sum[comes],to accompany.
commeātus, ūs, m.,a furlough.
commendō, seemandō.
commigrō, seemigrō.
commīlitō, ōnis[con+mīles], m.,fellow-soldier, comrade.
comminus[con+manus], adv.,hand to hand, at close quarters.
committō, seemittō.
commodē[commodus], adv.,properly, fittingly, rightly.
commodus[con+modus], adj.,in due measure, suitable, fit, convenient.
commoveō, seemoveō.
commūniō, seemūniō.
commūnis, e[con+mūnus], adj.,common, joint, general.
commūniter[commūnis], adv.,in common, together.
commūtō, seemūtō.
cōmō, seeemō.
compār, paris[con+pār], adj.,equal to, like;fitting, suitable.
comparō, seeparō.
compellō, seepellō.
comperiō, seepariō.
compēs, edis[con+pēs], f., usually in the pl.,shackles, fetters.
complector, ī, plexus sum,to embrace.
compleō, see*pleō.
complōrātiō, ōnis[complōrō,to bewail], f.,lamentation, wailing.
complūrēs, aoria[con+plūs], adj.,several, many, very many.
compōnō, seepōnō.
compos, potis[con+potis,able], adj.,master of;vōtī compos fierī,to gain one’s heart’s desire.
compositum, ī[compōnō], n.,agreement.
comprehendō, seeprehendō.
comprimō, seepremō.
comprobō, seeprobō.
computō, seeputō.
con, seecom.
concēdō, seecēdō.
concidō, seecadō.
conciliō, āre, āvī, ātus[concilium],to bring together, conciliate;win over, secure.
re—reconciliō, āre, āvī, ātus,to reunite, reconcile.
concilium, ī[con+calō,to call], n.,assembly, gathering.
concipiō, seecapiō.
concitō, seecitō.
conclāmō, seeclāmō.
concordia, ae[con+cor,heart], f.,union, harmony, concord.
concupīscō, ere, cupīvī, cupītus[con+cupiō],to desire greatly, crave.
concurrō, seecurrō.
concursus, ūs[concurrō], m.,a concourse, throng;attack, charge, onset.
condemnō, seedamnō.
condiciō, ōnis[condīcō,to agree], f.,agreement, stipulation, terms.
condō, seedō.
condūcō, seedūcō.
cōnferō, seeferō.
cōnfertus[part. ofcōnferciō,to stuff together], adj.,crowded, dense.
cōnfessiō, ōnis[cōnfiteor], f.,confession, acknowledgment.
cōnfēstim, adv.,immediately, at once.
cōnficiō, seefaciō.
cōnfīdentia, ae[cōnfīdō,to trust], f.,boldness, assurance, confidence.
cōnfīrmātus[orig. part. ofcōnfīrmō], adj.,courageous, resolute.
cōnfīrmō, seefīrmō.
cōnfiteor, seefateor.
cōnflagrō, āre, āvī, —[con+flagrō,to burn],to burn, be destroyed(by fire).
cōnflīgō, see*flīgō.
cōnflō, seeflō.
cōnfluō, seefluō.
cōnfodiō,seefodiō.
cōnfugiō, seefugiō.
congerō, seegerō.
congredior, seegradior.
congressus, ūs[congredior], m.,meeting, interview, encounter, fight.
congruō, ere, ī, —,to agree, tally.
coniciō, seeiaciō.
coniungō, seeiungō.
coniunxorconiux[coniungō], m. and f.,married person, husband, wife.
coniūrātiō, ōnis[coniūrō], f.,a conspiracy, plot.
coniūrātī, ōrum[orig. part. ofconiūrō], m. pl.,conspirators.
coniūrō, seeiūrō.
coniux, seeconiunx.
conlaudō, seelaudō.
conlēga, ae[con+legō], m.,one chosen at the same time, a colleague.
conligō, seelegō.
conlocō, seelocō.
conloquium, ī[conloquor], n.,an interview, conference.
conloquor, seeloquor.
cōnor, ārī, ātus sum, toattempt, try.
conqueror, seequeror.
conquīrō, seequaerō.
cōnsalūtō, seesalūtō.
cōnscendō, seescandō.
cōnscientia, ae[con+sciō], f.,consciousness, knowledge.
cōnscīscō, seescīscō.
cōnscius[con+sciō], adj.,acquainted with, aware of.
cōnscrībō, seescrībō.
cōnscrīptus[orig. part. ofcōnscrībō], adj.,enrolled;patrēs cōnscrīptī, the official title of the senators. Roman writers took this phrase as =patrēs et cōnscrīptī, explainingpatrēsaspatricians, of whom orig. the senate was wholly composed, andcōnscrīptīas denoting the plebeians newly enrolled in the senate in 509B.C., after the expulsion of the kings. It may, however, =enrolled patricians, todistinguish the senators from the patricians who were not enrolled in the senate.
cōnsecrō, seesacrō.
cōnsēnsus, ūs[cōnsentiō], m.,united opinion, consent, agreement.
cōnsentiō, seesentiō.
cōnsequor, seesequor.
cōnserō, seeserō.
cōnservō, seeservō.
cōnsīderō, āre, āvī, ātus,to look at closely, examine, reflect, consider.
cōnsīdō, seesīdō.
cōnsilium, ī[cf.cōnsulō], n.,plan, scheme;judgment, wit, sense, shrewdness;cōnsilium capereorinīre,to plan.
cōnsistō, seesistō.
cōnsobrīnus, ī[con+soror], m.,first-cousin, cousin.
cōnsōlor, ārī, ātus sum[con+sōlor,to comfort],to comfort, cheer.
cōnspectus, ūs[cōnspiciō], m.,sight, view.
cōnspiciō, see*speciō.
cōnspicuus[cōnspiciō], adj.,in plain sight, conspicuous, remarkable.
cōnspīrātiō, ōnis[cōnspīrō,to breathe together, plot], f.,a plot.
cōnspīrātī, ōrum[cōnspīrō,to plot], m. pl.,conspirators.
cōnstāns, antis[orig. part. ofcōnstō], adj.,of strong character, firm, resolute;steadfast, consistent.
cōnstanter[cōnstāns], adv.,firmly, resolutely, steadfastly.
cōnstantia, ae[cōnstāns], f., a typical Roman virtue,strength of character, steadiness of purpose, firmness;courage, faithfulness.
cōnsternō, seesternō.
cōnstituō, seestatuō.
cōnstō, seestō.
cōnsuēscō, seesuēscō.
cōnsuētūdō, inis[cōnsuētus, part. ofcōnsuēscō], f.,habit, custom.
cōnsul, ulis, m.,a consul, the title given to the two highest officials of the Roman republic. The office was created in 509B.C.At first its powers were equal to those of the kings, except in religious matters. Later, certain of these powers were transferred to other magistrates. The consuls were elected annually; their joint names were used in giving dates. At the close of their official term, the consuls usually governed a province for a year as proconsuls.
cōnsulāris, e[cōnsul], adj.,of consular rank; as noun,an ex-consul.
cōnsulātus, ūs[cōnsul], m.,consulship.
cōnsulō, ere, uī, tus,to take counsel, deliberate;to take counsel with, to consult;graviter cōnsulere,to take vigorous measures.
cōnsultō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcōnsulō],to take counsel, deliberate.
cōnsūmō, seesūmō.
contemnō, ere, tempsī, temptus,to despise, scorn.
contemptor, ōris[contemnō], m.,one who despises, scorner.
contendō, seetendō.
contentiō, ōnis[contendō], f.,straining, effort, energy;dispute, strife.
contentus[orig. part. ofcontineō], adj.,content, satisfied with.
continentia, ae[contineō], f.,self-restraint, moderation.
contineō, seeteneō.
contingō, seetangō.
continuō[continuus], adv.,forthwith, straightway.
continuus[contineō], adj.,uninterrupted, continuous, successive, incessant.
cōntiō, ōnis[orig.co(n)ventiō, fromconveniō], f.,an assembly, meeting.
contrā, prep. with acc.,against, contrary to.
contrahō, seetrahō.
contrārius[contrā], adj.,opposite, contrary.
contubernālis, is[con+taberna,a tent], m.,tent-companion, comrade.
contumēlia, ae, f.,insult, reproach, abuse.
contundō[con+tundō,to beat, strike],to crush, destroy.
contus, ī, m.,a pole, pike.
cōnūbium, ī[con+nūbō], n.,marriage, right of intermarriage.
convalēscō, ere, valuī, —[con+valeō],to begin to be well, recover.
conveniēns, entis[conveniō], adj.,agreeing or consistent with, befitting.
conveniō, seeveniō.
convertō, seevertō.
convincō, seevincō.
convīvium, ī[con+vīvō], n.,a feast.
convocō, seevocō.
coorior, seeorior.
cophinus, ī, m.,a basket.
cōpia, ae[co(n)+ops], f.,abundance, supply;opportunity; in pl.,resources, forces, troops.
cōpiōsē[cōpiōsus], adv.,abundantly;of speech, fluently, eloquently.
cōpiōsus[cōpia], adj.,abounding in, well supplied.
coquus, ī, m.,a cook.
cōram[co(n)+ōs], adv.,before one’s eyes, in person; prep. with abl.,before, in the presence of.
corium, ī, n.,skin, hide.
Cornēlia, ae, f.,Cornelia.