EXERCISES FOR TRANSLATION INTO LATINWords in round brackets are not to be translated; those in square brackets indicate the Latin rendering. Note the ‘Caution’ onp. xxv. The section numbers refer to the selections.I.Apposition.1. Proca left his kingdom to his older son, Numitor. 2. Romulus and Remus were the sons of Rhea Silvia, a priestess of Vesta. 3. The boys were thrown into the river. 4. A shepherd of the king1carried them to his hut. 5. Who was the grandfather of these boys? 6. Remus, when grown,2was caught by (some) robbers.37. They thus accused him: “You have trespassed on the king’s lands.” 8. A dispute arose between the brothers. 9. Romulus said: “I shall give my name to the new city.” 10. Which of them leaped over the wall?1Use adj.2Seep. 2, n. 19.3H. 468 (415, I); M. 614; A 246; G 401; B 216.II.Agreement of adjectives, pronouns, and participles.1. Robbers and shepherds took refuge in1the city which Romulus had founded. 2. These were the fathers of the Romans. 3. The envoys that the king sent were nowhere kindly received.4. The tribes to which he sent did not seek an alliance. 5. Many of those who gathered had not seen Rome. 6. The maidens whom they seized were the children of the Sabines, who now undertook war. 7. (While) advancing to battle, the Romans carried (their) shields on (their) left arms. 8. The Sabines killed Hostilius (while he was) fighting very bravely. 9. The Romans fell fighting bravely. 10. They founded a temple in honor2of Romulus and worshiped him as a god.1adwith acc.2Seep. 8, n. 1.III.Expressions of place; extent of time.1. Who succeeded Romulus? Numa Pompilius. 2. From what city did he come? From Cures, [from] a city of the Sabines. 3. What did he do at Rome? 4. He established many religious customs and had many useful laws passed. 5. A shield once slipped down from the sky. 6. (There) was a smith in Rome1who made twelve shields of the same shape. 7. The Romans had peace (for) forty-three years. 8. No temple was erected in honor of Numa, but he was of more use to the state than Romulus.1Locative case.IV.Ablative absolute; locatives of common nouns.1. At the death of Numa [Numa having died] the Romans elected a more warlike king. 2. War1having broken1out between the Romans and the Sabines, the dispute was settled by a contest between [of] the Curiatii and the Horatii. 3. The young men took up arms and [arms having been taken up]1advanced to battle. 4. At a given2signal,2with drawn swords, they rushedtogether. 5. As the two Romans fell [the two Romans falling], the Alban army shouted for joy. 6. The sister of Horatius began to weep when she saw her lover’s cloak. 7. He drew his sword and stabbed the girl who forgot [having forgotten] her brothers and her country. 8. When Tullus learned of the treachery of the Alban general, in anger3he ordered him to be put to death. 9. Then war was declared against the Sabines.410. Very many young men were in military service, a few were at home. 11. Tullus5Hostilius, who succeeded Numa, liked war [war pleased] rather than peace.1Seep. 1, n. 4.2Seep. 5, l. 12.3Use participle.4H. 429 (386); M. 534; A. 228; G. 347; B. 187, III.5H. 426, 1 (385, I); M. 531; A. 227; G. 346; B. 187, II.V.Ablative of specification; dative with compounds.1. Ancus Marcius, the fourth king, was like Numa1in justice and piety, but was more warlike. 2. During2his reign2a raid was made on the Roman territory by the Latins. 3. When the king heard of this [which having been learned], he declared war against them. 4. Having defeated the Latins, he destroyed their towns and transferred the citizens to Rome. 5. Romulus had built a wall around the city, but this wall was larger. 6. Of these four kings of Rome, two were distinguished in war, two in peace.1H. 434 (391, I); M. 536; A. 234; G. 359; B. 192, 1.2Abl. abs.VI.Direct and indirect questions.1. Tarquin came from Etruria, a city of the Etruscans. 2. When Ancus died,2Tarquin was made guardian of his children. 3. Thus he obtained the throne. 4. (There) was at Rome a celebrated augur. 5. The king once asked him whether he could cut a whetstone with a razor. Can1you cut a whetstone with arazor? 7. You cannot2cut a whetstone with a razor, can you? 8. The sons of Ancus asked the shepherds whether they could commit a crime. 9. Can you commit a crime? 10. The shepherds entered3the palace and3began to bawl out. 11. One of them killed the king with an axe. 12. Does not this seem to you an atrocious crime?1H. 378, 2 (351, 1,N. 1); M. 698; A. 210,a; G. 454; B. 162,c.2H. 378 (351, 1,N. 3); M. 701; A. 210,c; G. 456; B. 162,b.3Seep. 2, n. 8.VII.Ablative of source; ablative of quality.1. At the death of Tarquin, Servius Tullius succeeded to the throne. 2. He was born of a woman1of rank, who, however, was a slave in Tarquin’s house. 3. On the advice of Tanaquil [Tanaquil advising] he was brought up just as the children of the king. 4. He was a young man of great bravery,1and became the king’s son-in-law. 5. One of Tullius’s daughters was gentle, the other wild. 6. Tarquin’s sons were of like character. 7. The king was slain by order of his own son-in-law. 8. Tullia was a woman of base character and did not love her father. 9. The people asked Tullia what she had done.21Abl. Why?2Seep. 3, n. 2.VIII.Temporal clauses withcum; ablative of price.1. The city of Gabii could not be captured by Tarquin. 2. When Sextus had been chosen general, he sent a messenger to his father. 3. When he learned of the silence1and act of his father, he killed the chief men of the state. 4. When each of the young men praised his own wife, it was decided to find out who was the best. 5. When Lucretia had summoned her husband1and father,1she killed herself with a knife. 6. An old woman once asked Tarquin whether he wished to buy some books at an enormousprice. 7. At first Tarquin ridiculed her, but, after she had burned six books, he bought the remaining three at the same price.1Abl. abs.IX.Causal clauses withcum; purpose clauses withut.1. Since his brother had been killed, Brutus feared the same fate, for he was a young man of great sagacity. 2. He set out for Delphi with Tarquin’s sons. 3. When they had consulted the oracle, they returned to Rome. 4. The Romans chose Brutus and Collatinus, the son of the sister of Tarquin the Elder, consuls. 5. As the sons of Brutus were traitors, they were put to death. 6. In order to regain1his throne, Tarquin undertook war. 7. Brutus, who had gone ahead with the cavalry to2reconnoitre,2met the enemy. 8. Brutus and Aruns fell in the first charge. 9. Since one consul had been slain, the other returned to the city alone.1Seep. 1, l. 3andn. 5.2Express in two ways; cf.l. 30, andageret,l. 26.X.Causal clauses withquod.1. Mucius received permission to go over [of going over] to the enemy, because (as he said) he wished to kill the king. 2. Because he did not know which was1the king, he killed the clerk. 3. To punish the hand which had committed the crime, he placed it on a lighted altar. 4. After this he was called Scaevola.1Seep. 3, n. 2.XI.Dative of possessor; construction withpaenitet.1. The Veientes harassed the Romans with repeated raids. 2. The Fabian gens proposed [had in mind] to carry on the warat its own expense. 3. The senate thanked the consul because he had provided for this war. 4. When they arrived at the river Cremera, they established a fortified post and repeatedly routed the enemy. 5. The Veientes soon repented of the peace they had secured and renewed the war. 6. The Fabians roamed about in order to lay waste the enemy’s territory. 7. They were entrapped in an ambush and all slain.XII.Relative clauses of purpose.1. I intend to write about the crime of Appius Claudius, the Decemvir. 2. He fell in love with a beautiful girl, and, when he found that he could not entice her with money, he claimed her as a slave [for slavery]. 3. He sent one of his clients to the market place to carry1her off by force. 4. The girl’s friends sent a messenger to carry the news1to her father Virginius, who was then away on military duty. 5. Virginius immediately returned to Rome and sought the aid of the people. 6. When he saw that there was no aid anywhere, he seized a knife and killed his daughter. 7. Appius then repented of his crime.1Seep. 5, n. 3.XIII.Complementary infinitive; genitive withoblivīscor;hortatory subjunctive.1. The tribune of the plebs appointed a day for (the trial of) Manlius, because with great severity he had banished his son to the country. 2. When his son Titus heard of this design of the tribune, he hastened to Rome and forced him to abandon the charge. 3. Such [this] filial devotion reflected great credit on the young man, and his father repented of his harshness. 4. Afterwards, when the Gauls were carrying on war with theRomans, a Gaul of enormous size wanted to fight with the bravest Roman. 5. “Let him come on,” said Titus Manlius, who was now tribune of the soldiers, “that I may show him which of us is the braver.” 6. Between the two lines they joined1in close1combat,1and with a stroke or two of his Spanish sword he thrust through his gigantic foe. 7. Having stripped a necklace from the Gaul, he was afterwards called Torquatus. 8. The son of this same Torquatus, without the consent of the consul, his father, met and conquered a Latin in a single combat. 9. When he returned to camp, his father ordered him to be put to death because he had disobeyed2his commander. 10. The young man’s companions did not forget the father’s cruelty. 11. Cornelius Piso was also a man of great sternness. 12. He once ordered a soldier to be put to death on the charge of murdering a comrade. 13. The comrade had not been murdered and soon appeared in camp. 14. When they returned to Piso with great rejoicing, he angrily ordered both the comrades and the centurion who had been placed in charge of the execution to be put to death. 15. Another Manlius was guilty of [showed] like cruelty toward his son. 16. The Macedonians sent ambassadors to complain3about his son Silanus. 17. Manlius wanted to try the case himself, and this was granted by the senate. 18. After he had heard both sides of the case, he forbade his son to return to his home. 19. The next day4the young man committed5suicide.51Seep. 11, l. 14.2The reason is that of the father, not the writer.3Cf.conquestum,l. 82, withquī dēpōsceret,XII, l. 7, and express in two ways.4H. 486 (429); M. 630; A. 256; G. 393; B. 230.5SeeXII, l. 30.XIV.Construction ofmedius,summus, etc.1. The consul sent Publius Decius to get possession of the summit of a hill. 2. When the consul had escaped, he led his armyin safety through the midst of [middle] enemies. 3. In the Latin war he sacrificed himself in order to save his army. 4. Let us never forget this brave man.XV.Indirect quotation of simple sentences; ablative withopus.1. “The Samnites are our enemies,” said Curius; “let us set out against them.” 2. Immediately he set out, and, having1conquered1the Samnites,1he took a large amount of land and many captives [men]. 3. He swore (that there) was2none [nothing] of the booty in his house. 4. Cicero says (that) the Samnites brought [to have brought] a great weight of gold to Curius. 5. Curius scorned1their gold1(and) said that he could not be bribed. 6. He told the senate that he was contented with seven jugera of land. 7. He afterwards sold into slavery a young man who refused to serve in the army [military service]. 8. The young man saw that the tribunes could not help him [not to be able to be for an aid to him]. 9. After he had destroyed the army of Pyrrhus, he returned to Rome in triumph [triumphing]. 10. It is said that Pyrrhus was slain by a woman of Argos.311. So the Romans4did not need the aid5of Curius again.1Abl. abs.2Seep. 7, n. 16.3Use adj.4Dat. of poss.5Cf.cīve,l. 22.XVI.Nēwith verbs of fearing; ablative withūtor.1. It is said that Duilius was the first to conquer the Carthaginians in a naval battle. 2. He used grappling1irons1to seize and hold the enemy’s ships. 3. He saw that with this useful contrivance the Romans would have an easy victory [victory tobe about to be easy to the Romans]. 4. He now set2out boldly into the midst3of the enemy’s fleet, and captured many of their ships. 5. The Romans were pleased with this victory. 6. The Carthaginians feared that the Romans would now be supreme on land and sea. 7. Hannibal, the leader of the Carthaginians, by a shrewd trick escaped punishment for losing his fleet.1Cf.quō,p. 36, l. 4andn. 10.2Use participle.3SeeEx. XIV, sentence 2.XVII.Gerundive withesse; ablative of separation; ablative with comparatives.1. After the Carthaginians had been defeated by Regulus, Hanno came to negotiate1[about] peace. 2. The Roman soldiers saw that2he had come2treacherously and was not in earnest in his negotiations [did not negotiate seriously]. 3. Hanno was afraid that3he would be arrested and put in chains. 4. Regulus relieved him of his fear4and told him that the Romans did not wish to retaliate. 5. In Africa, Regulus5had6to fight not only with men, but also with an enormous serpent. 6. As its scales could not be pierced by javelins, Regulus was compelled to use the artillery. 7. In this way the monster was crushed. 8. When Regulus learned that the senate had extended his command to the next year, he asked that his successor should be sent at once.79. He said that he had lost his slave and farming implements and that his wife and children had no means of support [he had nothing whence his wife and children should be supported]. 10. The senate relieved him of this anxiety. 11. After he had defeated the Carthaginians in many battles, Regulus himself was defeated and captured. 12. It is said that he was sent from Carthageto Rome to negotiate an exchange of [about exchanging] prisoners. 13. When the senate ordered him to state his opinion, he said that the Carthaginian captives ought not to be returned. 14. He thought that they were better generals than the Romans.815. As9he had given9his oath,9he returned to Carthage and was put to death with terrible torture.1Several forms of expressing purpose have been used in the text. Express this in as many ways as you can.2Seep. 7, n. 16.3Seep. 38, n. 12.4Abl. Why?5H. 431 (388); M. 544; A. 232; G. 355; B. 189, 1.6Seep. 39, n. 11.7statim.8SeeĀfrīs,l. 10, and note.9Abl. abs.XVIII.Ablative of time.1. Appius Claudius was no1better than the preceding generals, who did not boast that they would sink the enemy’s fleet (on) the first day2of the war. 2. The chicken-keeper informed him that the chickens would not [to be unwilling to] eat. 3. “Let3them drink then,” said Appius, and ordered them to be plunged into the sea. 4. That very [self] day he was defeated, and many thousands of the Romans slain. 5. He afterwards committed suicide, for he knew that he would be put to death by the people. 6. Upon his sister, too, a heavy fine had4to be imposed.1SeeXVII, l. 10, and note.2Cf.Ex. XIII, sent. 19.3Cf.Ex. XIII, sent. 5.4Cf.Ex. XVII, sent. 5.XIX.Purpose clauses withquō; ablative withpotior; unreal conditions;quīnclauses; ablative withdīgnus.1. It is said that Hannibal, when a boy of nine years, took an oath of undying hatred toward the Romans. 2. On the death of his father, he stirred up war by capturing Saguntum [Saguntum captured]. 3. Fabius said that he carried peace and war in his toga. 4. “Give which you please,” replied the Carthaginians. 5. “I give war,” said Fabius. [“War,” said Fabius, “I give.”]6. After three Roman consuls had been defeated by Hannibal, Fabius was sent against him. 7. Changing1the policy1of the war, he held his soldiers in camp, and did not come to an engagement with the enemy. 8. When, on account of some trifling successes, his soldiers had begun to have more confidence in their valor and fortune, he blockaded Hannibal in a narrow pass. 9. Fabius thought that he could not escape. 10. But Hannibal knew how2cautious Fabius was,3and got out (of the trap) without any loss. 11. Minucius,4the master of horse, did not like the policy of Fabius. 12. He made charges against the dictator in order to obtain greater authority5himself. 13. When he had joined battle, he had to be rescued from his peril by Fabius. 14. Minucius now confessed that the policy of Fabius was better than his own. 15. They say that some young men of rank betrayed Tarentum to Hannibal. 16. In the middle of the night the gates were opened and the young men entered, followed by Hannibal [Hannibal following] with his army. 17. Fabius recaptured Tarentum the same6year6it was lost. 18. If he had not used cunning he would not have recaptured it. 19. When an old man, Fabius, at the command of a lictor, dismounted from a horse which he was riding out of respect for the rank of his son, then consul. 20. “If you were not consul,” said he, “I should not dismount.” 21. No one doubts that Fabius was worthy of the nameMaximus. 22. At that time the Romans needed7a cautious general.1Abl. abs.2quam.3Seep. 3, n. 2.4Cf.l. 43.5Cf.Tarentō,l. 58, and note.6Seel. 88, andEx. XVIII, n. 4.7SeeEx. XV, sent. 11.XX.Subjunctive of result; dative with special verbs; partitive genitive.1. Varro was so rash that,1although he was opposed by his colleague, he formed1his army in line and gave1the signal forbattle. 2. In the midst of the carnage a certain military tribune urged2Paulus to take2his horse and flee.23. But Paulus said that he preferred to perish with his soldiers. 4. When the Carthaginians heard of Hannibal’s victory, they sent messengers to congratulate him.35. Maharbal4did not like4the advice of the others. 6. He said that Hannibal knew (how) to conquer, but did not know (how) to make use of a victory. 7. Hannibal permitted his army to enjoy the luxuries of Campania. 8. The terror at Rome was so great that they did not delay an instant. 9. No one doubted that5Hannibal would come5with his victorious army. 10. If he had advanced at once to Rome, the city would have been captured. 11. Though Varro survived the battle,6he thought that he was not worthy of office7again. 12. As the soldiers did not have enough weapons,8they took down from the temples the ancient spoils of the enemy. 13. One of the ambassadors,9whom Hannibal had sent to Rome to offer an opportunity of ransoming the captives, did not return. 14. The senate decided that he must be led back to Hannibal in chains [bound]. 15. Rome has no need of citizens who can be captured when armed.1Seep. 10, n. 9.2Cf.lines 26 and 27.3H. 426, 2 (385, II); M. 531; A. 227; G. 346; B. 187, II,a.4Cf.Ex. XIX, sent. 11.5Seep. 39, n. 4.6Seep. 2, n. 7.7SeeEx. XIX, sent. 21.8H. 440, 5 (397); M. 564; A. 216; G. 367; B. 201.9Cf. with n. 7 ūnus ex ēius praefectīs,l. 27.XXI.Concessive clauses withcum; genitive of characteristic; causal relative clauses;gerundive withad; accusative of extent.1. Scipio would have been slain in the battle at the river Ticinus, if his son Publius had not rescued him. 2. When Publius Scipio was not yet twenty years old, he thought that he was old enough [had enough of years] to be a candidate for1the aedileship. 3. After the battle of Cannae, some young menof rank began to form plans for abandoning Italy. 4. Scipio hastened to their meeting-place, and, although2he was alone, he forced them to give3up their conspiracy.35. After the Romans had suffered two defeats in Spain, Scipio was chosen proconsul and sent thither. 6. Here he prosecuted the war with such wisdom and bravery that he earned the approval of all. 7. Do you not think that he was worthy of the honor? 8. He gained possession of a large amount of money and arms, but let the Spanish captives go without ransom. 9. He did not doubt that in this way he would secure for the Romans the favor of the Spanish [conciliate the Spanish to the Romans]. 10. Among the captive Africans he found a boy of remarkable beauty,4who said that his grandfather was the king of Numidia, and that he had crossed over into Spain with his uncle Masinissa to carry on war with the Romans. 11. Scipio freed the boy, and thus won the favor of the Numidian king. 12. When the Spaniards wanted to call Scipio king, he asked them to refrain from that title. 13. After Hannibal had been driven from Spain, Scipio, who had5long been planning to transfer the war to Africa, sent Laelius, whose6friendship he did not mistrust, to win over some of the African chiefs. 14. Afterwards he crossed over to Africa himself, and it is said that he met Hannibal [to him a meeting with Hannibal to have been] at the court of Syphax. 15. It happened that many of those chiefs were eager to form an alliance with Scipio. 16. His plan, therefore, was easily carried out. 17. Although the young men of Sicily shrank from so great a war themselves, still they were willing to furnish horses and arms. 18. Although they were wealthy, they were not (men) of great bravery. 19. In Africa the Romans fought with such determination that in a short time the Carthaginians recalledHannibal from Italy to defend his country. 20. A battle was fought [it was fought] at Zama, a town five days’ march from Carthage. 21. The Carthaginians were defeated, and forced to send ambassadors to sue for peace. 22. As peace was now secured, Scipio returned to Italy. 23. On7his arrival in Rome a vast multitude poured forth to meet him. 24. Scipio was not only the most illustrious general of his age, but he was also a man distinguished for [of distinguished] piety.825. The old writers say that he used to visit [resort to] the capitol every day, to consult with Jupiter about the public interests. 26. At Ephesus he9afterwards had a conversation with Hannibal. 27. It is reported that Hannibal acknowledged that Scipio was the greatest of all commanders. 28. When the senate seemed on the point10of transferring the conduct of the war against Antiochus from Lucius Scipio to Laelius, because (as was thought) the former11had too little courage and too little wisdom for such a war, Africanus promised to be himself his brother’s lieutenant. 29. Scipio could endure no dishonor to his family. 30. After Antiochus had been defeated, when the senate demanded from Lucius Scipio an accounting of the spoils, Africanus prevented it. 31. He said that he had been of [for] so great aid to his country that his integrity ought not to be doubted. 32. It happened that Africanus himself was afterwards summoned for trial by the tribunes on the very day on which the battle of Zama had been fought.1233. When ordered to plead his cause, he mounted the rostrum and said: “Let us offer thanks to Jupiter, by whose aid we obtained13so great a victory.” 34. As the whole assembly followed him he was relieved from the insults of the tribunes. 35. Soon afterward Scipio retired to the country and never returned to Rome.1Useadwith gerundive or gerund.2H. 598 (515, III); M. 863; A. 326; G. 587; B. 309, 3.3Cf.inceptō dēsisterent,l. 14.4Cf. lines 51 and 64.5Seep. 56, n. 6.6Seep. 55, n. 8.7SeeXIII, l. 59.8religiō.9Use dat. of poss. withesse.10Use future participle.11ille.12See sent. 20, andp. 56, n. 4.13Seep. 55, n. 8.XXII.Future conditions.1. Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, was the daughter of Scipio Africanus. 2. She had been educated with such care herself that she was able to train her sons wisely. 3. She told a Campanian woman, who was a guest at her house, that she1too had some very beautiful jewels. 4. Everybody knows that Cornelia’s jewels were her sons. 5. She has justly been considered one of the wisest women of that age. 6. Though her sons were most worthy of their excellent mother, yet the nobles thought that they were disturbing the republic. 7. Both of the Gracchi thought more of [preferred] their country’s safety than [to] their own lives. 8. Tiberius tried to protect the common people, but the senate thought that he was preparing for himself a way to regal power. 9. So Nasica urged2all loyal citizens to follow him. 10. When Gracchus saw that the senators were rushing upon him he fled, but was killed by a broken piece of a bench. 11. Caius had the same3love for the common people as3his brother. 12. All loyal citizens said that they opposed his plans because they wanted the republic to be safe. 13. “If the law about distributing grain to the common people is4passed,” said Piso, “I shall come with the others to get the grain.” 14. Finally this was decreed by the senate: “Let the consul see that the republic receive no harm.” 15. Some say that Gracchus armed his household and took possession of the Aventine. 16. When he was put to flight he ordered his slave to kill him that he might not be arrested. 17. Such was the fate of the Gracchi, the jewels of Cornelia, the best sons of the Roman republic.1Use dat. of poss.2Cf.Ex. XX, sent. 2, and note.3Cf.īdem quī,l. 31.4SeeXVII, l. 10, and note.XXIII.Substantive clauses of purpose; latter supine.1. When Marius was in Spain with Scipio, some one asked this (question) of Scipio. 2. If anything happens1to you, what equally great commander will the republic have? 3. Scipio replied that Marius would be a great commander. 4. In the war against Jugurtha it is said that he made charges against Metellus so that he might be appointed commander himself. 5. If you make me consul, I will shortly bring Jugurtha under the power of the Romans. 6. Thus he persuaded the people to make2him consul. 7. After Jugurtha had been conquered, he carried on war with the Cimbri and Teutones. 8. His soldiers entreated Marius to lead them against the enemy. 9. The battle was fought right at the foot of the Alps. 10. As the Romans3had no water, Marius told his soldiers that, if they conquered4the enemy, they would have abundance of water. 11. It is said that after the battle the soldiers drank no less blood than water, because the river was filled with the bodies of the slain. 12. The Cimbri, having now entered Italy, sent messengers to Marius to ask him to give them some land. 13. Marius threatened them5with the same fate5which had befallen their brothers. 14. On the next day a battle was fought, and slaughter terrible to witness6followed. 15. When the women saw that they were defeated they strangled their babes and killed themselves. 16. Marius envied the new consul, Sulla, because the war against Mithridates had been assigned him. 17. When Sulla heard what Marius had done, he returned to Rome with his army and drove him into exile. 18. While Marius was hiding in a swamp, he was caughtand thrown into prison. 19. He asked the slave, who was sent to kill him, whether he dared kill the great consul. 20. After Sulla had set out for Asia, Marius, who was a few days’ journey from the city, returned and renewed the civil war. 21. When he had put to death the best men of the state, he gave over their homes to the rabble for plunder. 22. His death afforded the Romans7more joy than his victory at Aquae Sextiae.1Seep. 40, n. 1.2Cf.ut trāderet,l. 21.3Dat. Why?4Cf.sī fēcissent, etc.,l. 11.5Observe carefully the construction in lines 57 and 58.6Cf.dictū,l. 124, andp. 19, n. 15.7Dative.XXIV.Relative clause of characteristic.1. A woman told Sulla (when he was) a child that he would be a blessing to his country. 2. Was this the same woman who sold the Sibylline books to King Tarquin? 3. Marius was vexed because Sulla had been chosen quaestor. 4. Although Sulla had been dissolute, his military ability was soon displayed. 5. He conquered Mithridates, the king of Pontus, and would have completely subdued him had he not been recalled to Italy. 6. When he had returned, with the greatest cruelty he punished with death all who had supported Marius. 7. There was one young man who ventured to advise him to spare some of his fellow-citizens. 8. If he had killed all, there would have been none to govern [whom he should govern]. 9. He wanted to kill not only his enemies, but also all who had money. 10. When he at last laid down the dictatorship, the people were so crushed that they did not dare to complain. 11. Sulla was fond of literary men and was well versed in Greek literature. 12. He once gave a reward to a wretched poet who had dedicated a poem to him, on condition that he should write nothing thereafter.XXV.Genitive with adjectives.1. Lucullus was distinguished both in war and in peace. 2. It is stated by certain writers that he spent all of his early life in law practice and was untrained in the art1of war. 3. But in the war with Mithridates he surpassed even2experts in this art.14. All say that he was exceedingly fond of money. 5. And this is the more surprising for the reason that he had been educated in Greek philosophy. 6. He was not the only one of the Romans to3squander his money in building villas. 7. He used to dine with the greatest luxury even when he was alone. 8. Though fond of banquets, he was no less fond of books, and had a great library, which was always open to the public.1H. 451, 1 (399, I, 2); M. 573; A. 218,a; G. 374; B. 204, 1.2Cf.mare ipsum,l. 25.3Seep. 76, n. 11.
Words in round brackets are not to be translated; those in square brackets indicate the Latin rendering. Note the ‘Caution’ onp. xxv. The section numbers refer to the selections.
1. Proca left his kingdom to his older son, Numitor. 2. Romulus and Remus were the sons of Rhea Silvia, a priestess of Vesta. 3. The boys were thrown into the river. 4. A shepherd of the king1carried them to his hut. 5. Who was the grandfather of these boys? 6. Remus, when grown,2was caught by (some) robbers.37. They thus accused him: “You have trespassed on the king’s lands.” 8. A dispute arose between the brothers. 9. Romulus said: “I shall give my name to the new city.” 10. Which of them leaped over the wall?
1Use adj.2Seep. 2, n. 19.3H. 468 (415, I); M. 614; A 246; G 401; B 216.
1Use adj.
2Seep. 2, n. 19.
3H. 468 (415, I); M. 614; A 246; G 401; B 216.
1. Robbers and shepherds took refuge in1the city which Romulus had founded. 2. These were the fathers of the Romans. 3. The envoys that the king sent were nowhere kindly received.4. The tribes to which he sent did not seek an alliance. 5. Many of those who gathered had not seen Rome. 6. The maidens whom they seized were the children of the Sabines, who now undertook war. 7. (While) advancing to battle, the Romans carried (their) shields on (their) left arms. 8. The Sabines killed Hostilius (while he was) fighting very bravely. 9. The Romans fell fighting bravely. 10. They founded a temple in honor2of Romulus and worshiped him as a god.
1adwith acc.2Seep. 8, n. 1.
1adwith acc.
2Seep. 8, n. 1.
1. Who succeeded Romulus? Numa Pompilius. 2. From what city did he come? From Cures, [from] a city of the Sabines. 3. What did he do at Rome? 4. He established many religious customs and had many useful laws passed. 5. A shield once slipped down from the sky. 6. (There) was a smith in Rome1who made twelve shields of the same shape. 7. The Romans had peace (for) forty-three years. 8. No temple was erected in honor of Numa, but he was of more use to the state than Romulus.
1Locative case.
1Locative case.
1. At the death of Numa [Numa having died] the Romans elected a more warlike king. 2. War1having broken1out between the Romans and the Sabines, the dispute was settled by a contest between [of] the Curiatii and the Horatii. 3. The young men took up arms and [arms having been taken up]1advanced to battle. 4. At a given2signal,2with drawn swords, they rushedtogether. 5. As the two Romans fell [the two Romans falling], the Alban army shouted for joy. 6. The sister of Horatius began to weep when she saw her lover’s cloak. 7. He drew his sword and stabbed the girl who forgot [having forgotten] her brothers and her country. 8. When Tullus learned of the treachery of the Alban general, in anger3he ordered him to be put to death. 9. Then war was declared against the Sabines.410. Very many young men were in military service, a few were at home. 11. Tullus5Hostilius, who succeeded Numa, liked war [war pleased] rather than peace.
1Seep. 1, n. 4.2Seep. 5, l. 12.3Use participle.4H. 429 (386); M. 534; A. 228; G. 347; B. 187, III.5H. 426, 1 (385, I); M. 531; A. 227; G. 346; B. 187, II.
1Seep. 1, n. 4.
2Seep. 5, l. 12.
3Use participle.
4H. 429 (386); M. 534; A. 228; G. 347; B. 187, III.
5H. 426, 1 (385, I); M. 531; A. 227; G. 346; B. 187, II.
1. Ancus Marcius, the fourth king, was like Numa1in justice and piety, but was more warlike. 2. During2his reign2a raid was made on the Roman territory by the Latins. 3. When the king heard of this [which having been learned], he declared war against them. 4. Having defeated the Latins, he destroyed their towns and transferred the citizens to Rome. 5. Romulus had built a wall around the city, but this wall was larger. 6. Of these four kings of Rome, two were distinguished in war, two in peace.
1H. 434 (391, I); M. 536; A. 234; G. 359; B. 192, 1.2Abl. abs.
1H. 434 (391, I); M. 536; A. 234; G. 359; B. 192, 1.
2Abl. abs.
1. Tarquin came from Etruria, a city of the Etruscans. 2. When Ancus died,2Tarquin was made guardian of his children. 3. Thus he obtained the throne. 4. (There) was at Rome a celebrated augur. 5. The king once asked him whether he could cut a whetstone with a razor. Can1you cut a whetstone with arazor? 7. You cannot2cut a whetstone with a razor, can you? 8. The sons of Ancus asked the shepherds whether they could commit a crime. 9. Can you commit a crime? 10. The shepherds entered3the palace and3began to bawl out. 11. One of them killed the king with an axe. 12. Does not this seem to you an atrocious crime?
1H. 378, 2 (351, 1,N. 1); M. 698; A. 210,a; G. 454; B. 162,c.2H. 378 (351, 1,N. 3); M. 701; A. 210,c; G. 456; B. 162,b.3Seep. 2, n. 8.
1H. 378, 2 (351, 1,N. 1); M. 698; A. 210,a; G. 454; B. 162,c.
2H. 378 (351, 1,N. 3); M. 701; A. 210,c; G. 456; B. 162,b.
3Seep. 2, n. 8.
1. At the death of Tarquin, Servius Tullius succeeded to the throne. 2. He was born of a woman1of rank, who, however, was a slave in Tarquin’s house. 3. On the advice of Tanaquil [Tanaquil advising] he was brought up just as the children of the king. 4. He was a young man of great bravery,1and became the king’s son-in-law. 5. One of Tullius’s daughters was gentle, the other wild. 6. Tarquin’s sons were of like character. 7. The king was slain by order of his own son-in-law. 8. Tullia was a woman of base character and did not love her father. 9. The people asked Tullia what she had done.2
1Abl. Why?2Seep. 3, n. 2.
1Abl. Why?
2Seep. 3, n. 2.
1. The city of Gabii could not be captured by Tarquin. 2. When Sextus had been chosen general, he sent a messenger to his father. 3. When he learned of the silence1and act of his father, he killed the chief men of the state. 4. When each of the young men praised his own wife, it was decided to find out who was the best. 5. When Lucretia had summoned her husband1and father,1she killed herself with a knife. 6. An old woman once asked Tarquin whether he wished to buy some books at an enormousprice. 7. At first Tarquin ridiculed her, but, after she had burned six books, he bought the remaining three at the same price.
1Abl. abs.
1Abl. abs.
1. Since his brother had been killed, Brutus feared the same fate, for he was a young man of great sagacity. 2. He set out for Delphi with Tarquin’s sons. 3. When they had consulted the oracle, they returned to Rome. 4. The Romans chose Brutus and Collatinus, the son of the sister of Tarquin the Elder, consuls. 5. As the sons of Brutus were traitors, they were put to death. 6. In order to regain1his throne, Tarquin undertook war. 7. Brutus, who had gone ahead with the cavalry to2reconnoitre,2met the enemy. 8. Brutus and Aruns fell in the first charge. 9. Since one consul had been slain, the other returned to the city alone.
1Seep. 1, l. 3andn. 5.2Express in two ways; cf.l. 30, andageret,l. 26.
1Seep. 1, l. 3andn. 5.
2Express in two ways; cf.l. 30, andageret,l. 26.
1. Mucius received permission to go over [of going over] to the enemy, because (as he said) he wished to kill the king. 2. Because he did not know which was1the king, he killed the clerk. 3. To punish the hand which had committed the crime, he placed it on a lighted altar. 4. After this he was called Scaevola.
1Seep. 3, n. 2.
1Seep. 3, n. 2.
1. The Veientes harassed the Romans with repeated raids. 2. The Fabian gens proposed [had in mind] to carry on the warat its own expense. 3. The senate thanked the consul because he had provided for this war. 4. When they arrived at the river Cremera, they established a fortified post and repeatedly routed the enemy. 5. The Veientes soon repented of the peace they had secured and renewed the war. 6. The Fabians roamed about in order to lay waste the enemy’s territory. 7. They were entrapped in an ambush and all slain.
1. I intend to write about the crime of Appius Claudius, the Decemvir. 2. He fell in love with a beautiful girl, and, when he found that he could not entice her with money, he claimed her as a slave [for slavery]. 3. He sent one of his clients to the market place to carry1her off by force. 4. The girl’s friends sent a messenger to carry the news1to her father Virginius, who was then away on military duty. 5. Virginius immediately returned to Rome and sought the aid of the people. 6. When he saw that there was no aid anywhere, he seized a knife and killed his daughter. 7. Appius then repented of his crime.
1Seep. 5, n. 3.
1Seep. 5, n. 3.
1. The tribune of the plebs appointed a day for (the trial of) Manlius, because with great severity he had banished his son to the country. 2. When his son Titus heard of this design of the tribune, he hastened to Rome and forced him to abandon the charge. 3. Such [this] filial devotion reflected great credit on the young man, and his father repented of his harshness. 4. Afterwards, when the Gauls were carrying on war with theRomans, a Gaul of enormous size wanted to fight with the bravest Roman. 5. “Let him come on,” said Titus Manlius, who was now tribune of the soldiers, “that I may show him which of us is the braver.” 6. Between the two lines they joined1in close1combat,1and with a stroke or two of his Spanish sword he thrust through his gigantic foe. 7. Having stripped a necklace from the Gaul, he was afterwards called Torquatus. 8. The son of this same Torquatus, without the consent of the consul, his father, met and conquered a Latin in a single combat. 9. When he returned to camp, his father ordered him to be put to death because he had disobeyed2his commander. 10. The young man’s companions did not forget the father’s cruelty. 11. Cornelius Piso was also a man of great sternness. 12. He once ordered a soldier to be put to death on the charge of murdering a comrade. 13. The comrade had not been murdered and soon appeared in camp. 14. When they returned to Piso with great rejoicing, he angrily ordered both the comrades and the centurion who had been placed in charge of the execution to be put to death. 15. Another Manlius was guilty of [showed] like cruelty toward his son. 16. The Macedonians sent ambassadors to complain3about his son Silanus. 17. Manlius wanted to try the case himself, and this was granted by the senate. 18. After he had heard both sides of the case, he forbade his son to return to his home. 19. The next day4the young man committed5suicide.5
1Seep. 11, l. 14.2The reason is that of the father, not the writer.3Cf.conquestum,l. 82, withquī dēpōsceret,XII, l. 7, and express in two ways.4H. 486 (429); M. 630; A. 256; G. 393; B. 230.5SeeXII, l. 30.
1Seep. 11, l. 14.
2The reason is that of the father, not the writer.
3Cf.conquestum,l. 82, withquī dēpōsceret,XII, l. 7, and express in two ways.
4H. 486 (429); M. 630; A. 256; G. 393; B. 230.
5SeeXII, l. 30.
1. The consul sent Publius Decius to get possession of the summit of a hill. 2. When the consul had escaped, he led his armyin safety through the midst of [middle] enemies. 3. In the Latin war he sacrificed himself in order to save his army. 4. Let us never forget this brave man.
1. “The Samnites are our enemies,” said Curius; “let us set out against them.” 2. Immediately he set out, and, having1conquered1the Samnites,1he took a large amount of land and many captives [men]. 3. He swore (that there) was2none [nothing] of the booty in his house. 4. Cicero says (that) the Samnites brought [to have brought] a great weight of gold to Curius. 5. Curius scorned1their gold1(and) said that he could not be bribed. 6. He told the senate that he was contented with seven jugera of land. 7. He afterwards sold into slavery a young man who refused to serve in the army [military service]. 8. The young man saw that the tribunes could not help him [not to be able to be for an aid to him]. 9. After he had destroyed the army of Pyrrhus, he returned to Rome in triumph [triumphing]. 10. It is said that Pyrrhus was slain by a woman of Argos.311. So the Romans4did not need the aid5of Curius again.
1Abl. abs.2Seep. 7, n. 16.3Use adj.4Dat. of poss.5Cf.cīve,l. 22.
1Abl. abs.
2Seep. 7, n. 16.
3Use adj.
4Dat. of poss.
5Cf.cīve,l. 22.
1. It is said that Duilius was the first to conquer the Carthaginians in a naval battle. 2. He used grappling1irons1to seize and hold the enemy’s ships. 3. He saw that with this useful contrivance the Romans would have an easy victory [victory tobe about to be easy to the Romans]. 4. He now set2out boldly into the midst3of the enemy’s fleet, and captured many of their ships. 5. The Romans were pleased with this victory. 6. The Carthaginians feared that the Romans would now be supreme on land and sea. 7. Hannibal, the leader of the Carthaginians, by a shrewd trick escaped punishment for losing his fleet.
1Cf.quō,p. 36, l. 4andn. 10.2Use participle.3SeeEx. XIV, sentence 2.
1Cf.quō,p. 36, l. 4andn. 10.
2Use participle.
3SeeEx. XIV, sentence 2.
1. After the Carthaginians had been defeated by Regulus, Hanno came to negotiate1[about] peace. 2. The Roman soldiers saw that2he had come2treacherously and was not in earnest in his negotiations [did not negotiate seriously]. 3. Hanno was afraid that3he would be arrested and put in chains. 4. Regulus relieved him of his fear4and told him that the Romans did not wish to retaliate. 5. In Africa, Regulus5had6to fight not only with men, but also with an enormous serpent. 6. As its scales could not be pierced by javelins, Regulus was compelled to use the artillery. 7. In this way the monster was crushed. 8. When Regulus learned that the senate had extended his command to the next year, he asked that his successor should be sent at once.79. He said that he had lost his slave and farming implements and that his wife and children had no means of support [he had nothing whence his wife and children should be supported]. 10. The senate relieved him of this anxiety. 11. After he had defeated the Carthaginians in many battles, Regulus himself was defeated and captured. 12. It is said that he was sent from Carthageto Rome to negotiate an exchange of [about exchanging] prisoners. 13. When the senate ordered him to state his opinion, he said that the Carthaginian captives ought not to be returned. 14. He thought that they were better generals than the Romans.815. As9he had given9his oath,9he returned to Carthage and was put to death with terrible torture.
1Several forms of expressing purpose have been used in the text. Express this in as many ways as you can.2Seep. 7, n. 16.3Seep. 38, n. 12.4Abl. Why?5H. 431 (388); M. 544; A. 232; G. 355; B. 189, 1.6Seep. 39, n. 11.7statim.8SeeĀfrīs,l. 10, and note.9Abl. abs.
1Several forms of expressing purpose have been used in the text. Express this in as many ways as you can.
2Seep. 7, n. 16.
3Seep. 38, n. 12.
4Abl. Why?
5H. 431 (388); M. 544; A. 232; G. 355; B. 189, 1.
6Seep. 39, n. 11.
7statim.
8SeeĀfrīs,l. 10, and note.
9Abl. abs.
1. Appius Claudius was no1better than the preceding generals, who did not boast that they would sink the enemy’s fleet (on) the first day2of the war. 2. The chicken-keeper informed him that the chickens would not [to be unwilling to] eat. 3. “Let3them drink then,” said Appius, and ordered them to be plunged into the sea. 4. That very [self] day he was defeated, and many thousands of the Romans slain. 5. He afterwards committed suicide, for he knew that he would be put to death by the people. 6. Upon his sister, too, a heavy fine had4to be imposed.
1SeeXVII, l. 10, and note.2Cf.Ex. XIII, sent. 19.3Cf.Ex. XIII, sent. 5.4Cf.Ex. XVII, sent. 5.
1SeeXVII, l. 10, and note.
2Cf.Ex. XIII, sent. 19.
3Cf.Ex. XIII, sent. 5.
4Cf.Ex. XVII, sent. 5.
1. It is said that Hannibal, when a boy of nine years, took an oath of undying hatred toward the Romans. 2. On the death of his father, he stirred up war by capturing Saguntum [Saguntum captured]. 3. Fabius said that he carried peace and war in his toga. 4. “Give which you please,” replied the Carthaginians. 5. “I give war,” said Fabius. [“War,” said Fabius, “I give.”]6. After three Roman consuls had been defeated by Hannibal, Fabius was sent against him. 7. Changing1the policy1of the war, he held his soldiers in camp, and did not come to an engagement with the enemy. 8. When, on account of some trifling successes, his soldiers had begun to have more confidence in their valor and fortune, he blockaded Hannibal in a narrow pass. 9. Fabius thought that he could not escape. 10. But Hannibal knew how2cautious Fabius was,3and got out (of the trap) without any loss. 11. Minucius,4the master of horse, did not like the policy of Fabius. 12. He made charges against the dictator in order to obtain greater authority5himself. 13. When he had joined battle, he had to be rescued from his peril by Fabius. 14. Minucius now confessed that the policy of Fabius was better than his own. 15. They say that some young men of rank betrayed Tarentum to Hannibal. 16. In the middle of the night the gates were opened and the young men entered, followed by Hannibal [Hannibal following] with his army. 17. Fabius recaptured Tarentum the same6year6it was lost. 18. If he had not used cunning he would not have recaptured it. 19. When an old man, Fabius, at the command of a lictor, dismounted from a horse which he was riding out of respect for the rank of his son, then consul. 20. “If you were not consul,” said he, “I should not dismount.” 21. No one doubts that Fabius was worthy of the nameMaximus. 22. At that time the Romans needed7a cautious general.
1Abl. abs.2quam.3Seep. 3, n. 2.4Cf.l. 43.5Cf.Tarentō,l. 58, and note.6Seel. 88, andEx. XVIII, n. 4.7SeeEx. XV, sent. 11.
1Abl. abs.
2quam.
3Seep. 3, n. 2.
4Cf.l. 43.
5Cf.Tarentō,l. 58, and note.
6Seel. 88, andEx. XVIII, n. 4.
7SeeEx. XV, sent. 11.
1. Varro was so rash that,1although he was opposed by his colleague, he formed1his army in line and gave1the signal forbattle. 2. In the midst of the carnage a certain military tribune urged2Paulus to take2his horse and flee.23. But Paulus said that he preferred to perish with his soldiers. 4. When the Carthaginians heard of Hannibal’s victory, they sent messengers to congratulate him.35. Maharbal4did not like4the advice of the others. 6. He said that Hannibal knew (how) to conquer, but did not know (how) to make use of a victory. 7. Hannibal permitted his army to enjoy the luxuries of Campania. 8. The terror at Rome was so great that they did not delay an instant. 9. No one doubted that5Hannibal would come5with his victorious army. 10. If he had advanced at once to Rome, the city would have been captured. 11. Though Varro survived the battle,6he thought that he was not worthy of office7again. 12. As the soldiers did not have enough weapons,8they took down from the temples the ancient spoils of the enemy. 13. One of the ambassadors,9whom Hannibal had sent to Rome to offer an opportunity of ransoming the captives, did not return. 14. The senate decided that he must be led back to Hannibal in chains [bound]. 15. Rome has no need of citizens who can be captured when armed.
1Seep. 10, n. 9.2Cf.lines 26 and 27.3H. 426, 2 (385, II); M. 531; A. 227; G. 346; B. 187, II,a.4Cf.Ex. XIX, sent. 11.5Seep. 39, n. 4.6Seep. 2, n. 7.7SeeEx. XIX, sent. 21.8H. 440, 5 (397); M. 564; A. 216; G. 367; B. 201.9Cf. with n. 7 ūnus ex ēius praefectīs,l. 27.
1Seep. 10, n. 9.
2Cf.lines 26 and 27.
3H. 426, 2 (385, II); M. 531; A. 227; G. 346; B. 187, II,a.
4Cf.Ex. XIX, sent. 11.
5Seep. 39, n. 4.
6Seep. 2, n. 7.
7SeeEx. XIX, sent. 21.
8H. 440, 5 (397); M. 564; A. 216; G. 367; B. 201.
9Cf. with n. 7 ūnus ex ēius praefectīs,l. 27.
1. Scipio would have been slain in the battle at the river Ticinus, if his son Publius had not rescued him. 2. When Publius Scipio was not yet twenty years old, he thought that he was old enough [had enough of years] to be a candidate for1the aedileship. 3. After the battle of Cannae, some young menof rank began to form plans for abandoning Italy. 4. Scipio hastened to their meeting-place, and, although2he was alone, he forced them to give3up their conspiracy.35. After the Romans had suffered two defeats in Spain, Scipio was chosen proconsul and sent thither. 6. Here he prosecuted the war with such wisdom and bravery that he earned the approval of all. 7. Do you not think that he was worthy of the honor? 8. He gained possession of a large amount of money and arms, but let the Spanish captives go without ransom. 9. He did not doubt that in this way he would secure for the Romans the favor of the Spanish [conciliate the Spanish to the Romans]. 10. Among the captive Africans he found a boy of remarkable beauty,4who said that his grandfather was the king of Numidia, and that he had crossed over into Spain with his uncle Masinissa to carry on war with the Romans. 11. Scipio freed the boy, and thus won the favor of the Numidian king. 12. When the Spaniards wanted to call Scipio king, he asked them to refrain from that title. 13. After Hannibal had been driven from Spain, Scipio, who had5long been planning to transfer the war to Africa, sent Laelius, whose6friendship he did not mistrust, to win over some of the African chiefs. 14. Afterwards he crossed over to Africa himself, and it is said that he met Hannibal [to him a meeting with Hannibal to have been] at the court of Syphax. 15. It happened that many of those chiefs were eager to form an alliance with Scipio. 16. His plan, therefore, was easily carried out. 17. Although the young men of Sicily shrank from so great a war themselves, still they were willing to furnish horses and arms. 18. Although they were wealthy, they were not (men) of great bravery. 19. In Africa the Romans fought with such determination that in a short time the Carthaginians recalledHannibal from Italy to defend his country. 20. A battle was fought [it was fought] at Zama, a town five days’ march from Carthage. 21. The Carthaginians were defeated, and forced to send ambassadors to sue for peace. 22. As peace was now secured, Scipio returned to Italy. 23. On7his arrival in Rome a vast multitude poured forth to meet him. 24. Scipio was not only the most illustrious general of his age, but he was also a man distinguished for [of distinguished] piety.825. The old writers say that he used to visit [resort to] the capitol every day, to consult with Jupiter about the public interests. 26. At Ephesus he9afterwards had a conversation with Hannibal. 27. It is reported that Hannibal acknowledged that Scipio was the greatest of all commanders. 28. When the senate seemed on the point10of transferring the conduct of the war against Antiochus from Lucius Scipio to Laelius, because (as was thought) the former11had too little courage and too little wisdom for such a war, Africanus promised to be himself his brother’s lieutenant. 29. Scipio could endure no dishonor to his family. 30. After Antiochus had been defeated, when the senate demanded from Lucius Scipio an accounting of the spoils, Africanus prevented it. 31. He said that he had been of [for] so great aid to his country that his integrity ought not to be doubted. 32. It happened that Africanus himself was afterwards summoned for trial by the tribunes on the very day on which the battle of Zama had been fought.1233. When ordered to plead his cause, he mounted the rostrum and said: “Let us offer thanks to Jupiter, by whose aid we obtained13so great a victory.” 34. As the whole assembly followed him he was relieved from the insults of the tribunes. 35. Soon afterward Scipio retired to the country and never returned to Rome.
1Useadwith gerundive or gerund.2H. 598 (515, III); M. 863; A. 326; G. 587; B. 309, 3.3Cf.inceptō dēsisterent,l. 14.4Cf. lines 51 and 64.5Seep. 56, n. 6.6Seep. 55, n. 8.7SeeXIII, l. 59.8religiō.9Use dat. of poss. withesse.10Use future participle.11ille.12See sent. 20, andp. 56, n. 4.13Seep. 55, n. 8.
1Useadwith gerundive or gerund.
2H. 598 (515, III); M. 863; A. 326; G. 587; B. 309, 3.
3Cf.inceptō dēsisterent,l. 14.
4Cf. lines 51 and 64.
5Seep. 56, n. 6.
6Seep. 55, n. 8.
7SeeXIII, l. 59.
8religiō.
9Use dat. of poss. withesse.
10Use future participle.
11ille.
12See sent. 20, andp. 56, n. 4.
13Seep. 55, n. 8.
1. Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, was the daughter of Scipio Africanus. 2. She had been educated with such care herself that she was able to train her sons wisely. 3. She told a Campanian woman, who was a guest at her house, that she1too had some very beautiful jewels. 4. Everybody knows that Cornelia’s jewels were her sons. 5. She has justly been considered one of the wisest women of that age. 6. Though her sons were most worthy of their excellent mother, yet the nobles thought that they were disturbing the republic. 7. Both of the Gracchi thought more of [preferred] their country’s safety than [to] their own lives. 8. Tiberius tried to protect the common people, but the senate thought that he was preparing for himself a way to regal power. 9. So Nasica urged2all loyal citizens to follow him. 10. When Gracchus saw that the senators were rushing upon him he fled, but was killed by a broken piece of a bench. 11. Caius had the same3love for the common people as3his brother. 12. All loyal citizens said that they opposed his plans because they wanted the republic to be safe. 13. “If the law about distributing grain to the common people is4passed,” said Piso, “I shall come with the others to get the grain.” 14. Finally this was decreed by the senate: “Let the consul see that the republic receive no harm.” 15. Some say that Gracchus armed his household and took possession of the Aventine. 16. When he was put to flight he ordered his slave to kill him that he might not be arrested. 17. Such was the fate of the Gracchi, the jewels of Cornelia, the best sons of the Roman republic.
1Use dat. of poss.2Cf.Ex. XX, sent. 2, and note.3Cf.īdem quī,l. 31.4SeeXVII, l. 10, and note.
1Use dat. of poss.
2Cf.Ex. XX, sent. 2, and note.
3Cf.īdem quī,l. 31.
4SeeXVII, l. 10, and note.
1. When Marius was in Spain with Scipio, some one asked this (question) of Scipio. 2. If anything happens1to you, what equally great commander will the republic have? 3. Scipio replied that Marius would be a great commander. 4. In the war against Jugurtha it is said that he made charges against Metellus so that he might be appointed commander himself. 5. If you make me consul, I will shortly bring Jugurtha under the power of the Romans. 6. Thus he persuaded the people to make2him consul. 7. After Jugurtha had been conquered, he carried on war with the Cimbri and Teutones. 8. His soldiers entreated Marius to lead them against the enemy. 9. The battle was fought right at the foot of the Alps. 10. As the Romans3had no water, Marius told his soldiers that, if they conquered4the enemy, they would have abundance of water. 11. It is said that after the battle the soldiers drank no less blood than water, because the river was filled with the bodies of the slain. 12. The Cimbri, having now entered Italy, sent messengers to Marius to ask him to give them some land. 13. Marius threatened them5with the same fate5which had befallen their brothers. 14. On the next day a battle was fought, and slaughter terrible to witness6followed. 15. When the women saw that they were defeated they strangled their babes and killed themselves. 16. Marius envied the new consul, Sulla, because the war against Mithridates had been assigned him. 17. When Sulla heard what Marius had done, he returned to Rome with his army and drove him into exile. 18. While Marius was hiding in a swamp, he was caughtand thrown into prison. 19. He asked the slave, who was sent to kill him, whether he dared kill the great consul. 20. After Sulla had set out for Asia, Marius, who was a few days’ journey from the city, returned and renewed the civil war. 21. When he had put to death the best men of the state, he gave over their homes to the rabble for plunder. 22. His death afforded the Romans7more joy than his victory at Aquae Sextiae.
1Seep. 40, n. 1.2Cf.ut trāderet,l. 21.3Dat. Why?4Cf.sī fēcissent, etc.,l. 11.5Observe carefully the construction in lines 57 and 58.6Cf.dictū,l. 124, andp. 19, n. 15.7Dative.
1Seep. 40, n. 1.
2Cf.ut trāderet,l. 21.
3Dat. Why?
4Cf.sī fēcissent, etc.,l. 11.
5Observe carefully the construction in lines 57 and 58.
6Cf.dictū,l. 124, andp. 19, n. 15.
7Dative.
1. A woman told Sulla (when he was) a child that he would be a blessing to his country. 2. Was this the same woman who sold the Sibylline books to King Tarquin? 3. Marius was vexed because Sulla had been chosen quaestor. 4. Although Sulla had been dissolute, his military ability was soon displayed. 5. He conquered Mithridates, the king of Pontus, and would have completely subdued him had he not been recalled to Italy. 6. When he had returned, with the greatest cruelty he punished with death all who had supported Marius. 7. There was one young man who ventured to advise him to spare some of his fellow-citizens. 8. If he had killed all, there would have been none to govern [whom he should govern]. 9. He wanted to kill not only his enemies, but also all who had money. 10. When he at last laid down the dictatorship, the people were so crushed that they did not dare to complain. 11. Sulla was fond of literary men and was well versed in Greek literature. 12. He once gave a reward to a wretched poet who had dedicated a poem to him, on condition that he should write nothing thereafter.
1. Lucullus was distinguished both in war and in peace. 2. It is stated by certain writers that he spent all of his early life in law practice and was untrained in the art1of war. 3. But in the war with Mithridates he surpassed even2experts in this art.14. All say that he was exceedingly fond of money. 5. And this is the more surprising for the reason that he had been educated in Greek philosophy. 6. He was not the only one of the Romans to3squander his money in building villas. 7. He used to dine with the greatest luxury even when he was alone. 8. Though fond of banquets, he was no less fond of books, and had a great library, which was always open to the public.
1H. 451, 1 (399, I, 2); M. 573; A. 218,a; G. 374; B. 204, 1.2Cf.mare ipsum,l. 25.3Seep. 76, n. 11.
1H. 451, 1 (399, I, 2); M. 573; A. 218,a; G. 374; B. 204, 1.
2Cf.mare ipsum,l. 25.
3Seep. 76, n. 11.
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