Sq. Miles.Acres.San Luis Valley3,0961,981,440Southwestern Colorado1,080691,200Grand River Valley360230,400Gunnison and Uncompahgre Valleys720460,800Northwestern Colorado1,9801,267,200North Central Colorado720460,800Small areas3,6002,304,000Eastern Colorado41,86826,795,520————————————54,00034,560,000
In addition to these irrigated lands may be placed the Arkansas Valley, from Pueblo to the Kansas State line, and the country between Cherry Creek and the foot-hills, and from Cherry Creek Cañon to Denver. During the past twelve months there has been an increased activity in this sort of construction. It is a record unprecedented in irrigation, and taken in connection with the organization of new companies, this fact indicates no limit to this species of development.
Even the people of Colorado do not comprehend that in this State may be grown fruit of a superior quality to that raised in the orchards of California. The pears and peaches are more luscious, and all the boasted varieties of California grapes are here grown successfully. The truth of these statements was satisfactorily demonstrated at therecent State fair in Pueblo, and by the fruit exhibit made by the Bureau of Immigration and Statistics at Chicago last fall. The apple, for luxurious growth and flavor, is without a superior in any State, and the orchards of this fruit alone aggregate half a million trees. The success with which grape culture has been conducted indicates for the future a great vintage industry. Fruit-tree planting is progressing at an enormous rate. It is profitable. In 1891 the number of trees planted was 200,000, the yield of apples was 60,000 bushels, and the largest yield from a single orchard of 2,000 trees was 15,000 bushels. The yield last year almost doubled that of the year previous. Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, and currants are prolific, and for size and flavor are unsurpassed. They grow on the highest mountain and in the lowest valley, and the yield is from 3,000 to 6,000 quarts per acre. One of the most profitable of the recent plantings, in the direction of fruit-plants, is that of the watermelon. In the Arkansas Valley they grow in great abundance, and are of superior merit to the Georgia melon. In fact most varieties of fruit indigenous to the temperate zone are successfully grown in Colorado. Fruit culture is no longer an experiment; it is a great success, and in the future will take its place as a distinctive and most profitable industry.
Colorado's future as a great manufacturing State is assured. In her hills, upon her mountain sides, on the plains, and in the valleys, her deposits of raw material abound, both in variety and richness, second to no other State in the Union. In fact she stands alone in this respect. At present these resources are undeveloped; the surface has been merely touched, and yet this superficial view reveals to the observer possibilities beyond conception. As this empire, of which Colorado is the geographical center, becomes settled more thickly, the demand uponthese resources will increase, and with this increasing demand manufactures will multiply, and soon every article known to the trade will be furnished direct from her vast deposits. Not only will she supply the wants of her own and contiguous territories, but in time markets remote will come to Colorado for supplies. The abundance of the raw material and the economy in manufacturing will level competition, and the high quality of the product will place her supreme in the world's commercial marts. The results of last year, aggregating $50,000,000 in the reported values of the manufacturing product in eighteen cities, give some conception of Colorado's manufacturing future; and it has only been a very short time since, in the whole breadth of the State, when not a single article was manufactured, and everything used was shipped from eastern cities at enormous prices. Within the past year the following manufactories have been added: A paper-mill, a match factory, a cotton-mill, a woolen-mill, a boot and shoe factory, an overall factory, and a knit-underwear establishment. The manufactured product of 1892 will not fall below $75,000,000.
Colorado continues to be the paradise of the sportsman. Its myriads of streams teem with mountain-trout; the forests are, as ever, the domain of the elk, deer, and other game; and its many lakes, while abounding in fish, are the haunts for the wild feathery tribe, and offer great attraction for both rod and gun. Everywhere on the various lines of the Denver & Rio Grande the tourist and the pleasure-seeker at home may find a field of sport to his liking. Should he choose a day of recreation after small game, he may stop off in the valleys among the farms, and a bag of birds and rabbits will be his trophy. For elk and deer he may follow the valley of the Upper Arkansas, deploying to the near-by hills, or go to the valleys andmountains of Southern Colorado, or follow the line of the Denver & Rio Grande down to Gunnison, or cross the range to Glenwood, and search the wooded hills and the glens and valleys of the Yampa and the Grand; thence southward, via Ouray, he may follow the Dolores from the San Miguel to the San Juan and Muncos, following the footsteps of the Indians, now departed, upon their favorite hunting-grounds. For the angler, as has been stated, fish are abundant in all the streams and lakes reached by the Denver & Rio Grande; but for the best sport and most enjoyable entertainment Wagon Wheel Gap, on the Rio Grande del Norte, in Rio Grande County, is conceded to be the choice of all places. This is both a pleasure and a health resort, affording at the same time rest and recreation for the sick and weary, and rare amusement for the invalid and the tourist alike. At this point the finest of mountain-trout are always abundant, and the angler may enjoy himself with the speckled beauties to his heart's content. The Gunnison River likewise abounds in fine trout, and there are many points of advantage on this as many other streams along the line of the Denver & Rio Grande.
Ores are found under all conceivable conditions in Colorado, and, as a rule, in sufficient quantities to admit of their profitable extraction. In the metamorphosed granite mountains of the main range the typical fissure veins, with well-defined and nearly perpendicular walls, are found often aggregated in great numbers, and universally mineralized to a profitable degree. In the trachytic and porphyric districts rich fissures also prevail, running very high in silver as a rule, while occasionally the precious metals are associated with such quantities of lead or copper ore that the base metals more than pay all cost of mining and treating the ore. In other sections, again, where there have been large overflows of porphyry upon the carboniferousor silurian limestone, great deposits of silver lead ore are found, often covering many acres of ground like vast coal-beds. To this latter class belong the mines of Leadville, which in the past ten years have yielded over $100,000,000. Also the mines about Aspen, Robinson, Red Cliff, Monarch, White Pine, and Rico. Wherever the deposits, however, and whatever the character of the mineral, the result is the same—an increase in the wealth of the State where developed. A number of valuable and important discoveries of gold and silver have been made this year (1892). The enormous deposits of silver at Crede promise to make it a rival of Leadville, while the immense gold-fields at Cripple Creek, near the line of this road, will add millions of dollars to the yellow metal wealth of the country. Rico, in the San Juan country, will produce millions of dollars more this year than ever before in its history. The quantity of the precious metal and the prosperity of the mining sections are only measured by the energy of the communities themselves and the extent of the capital employed. The record of the mining industry last year can be gleaned in the subjoined table:
1889.1890.Silver, ounces21,119,61325,788,819Gold, "194,9084,016,229Lead, tons3,166,9703,932,814Copper, pounds3,127,7392,422,000
The estimate for 1889 does not include the metals contained in the ore shipped out of the State, while that for 1890 does include them.
Colorado has exceeded every other section in the growth of her farming industry. This growth has been phenomenal. In 1880 the State imported 500,000 bushels of wheat, 2,000,000 bushels of corn, 500,000 bushels of potatoes,1,000,000 bushels of oats, and 100,000 tons of hay. Last year there were produced in the State about 10,000,000 bushels of cereals, and instead of importing, the State exports; and in eastern markets Colorado wheat and oats command a premium. So great has been the development that authorities on agriculture assert that the agricultural output exceeds that of mining, which assertion is contradicted by mining people. But be this as it may, no other section presents a parallel to the rapid advance of agriculture in this State. One-half of the 66,880,000 acres of land in Colorado is estimated as agricultural land, of which 12,000,000 acres can be turned to the plow. There are now 2,000,000 acres under cultivation. The remarkable feature of this progress is the success attained by the "rain belt," which only a few years since was considered irreclaimable land. All over the State farming has been profitable, and by the contiguity of markets prompt returns for the products are the rule. This has induced immigration, and is one of the contributory causes of the influx of settlers into every section where cheap lands may be obtained.
Iron.—The largest deposit of iron in Colorado is in Gunnison County, and when taken in connection with the fact that in this locality cheap fuel abounds, it is a deposit of magnitude unequaled anywhere in this country. By this fortuitous combination of deposits, No. 1 Bessemer pig iron can be produced at Gunnison for a cost not exceeding $12 per ton, or 50 per cent less than the price at Pittsburg. The deposit is near Sargent, on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. With an outcrop that is enormous and high in grade, it extends at intervals for a mile on the mountain side. A number of openings have been made, one of which is a tunnel run across the vein ninety-seven feet and an open cut exposing a face of forty feet all insolid iron. There are about fifty acres in the five iron claims which compose the White Pine deposit. There are iron beds on Gold Hill and Cebolla rivers. At the latter place the iron lies in an immense ledge of unknown depth. Iron abounds in other portions of the State, especially in Chaffee County, where the Colorado Coal & Iron Company of Pueblo have been drawing material for the manufacture of railroad iron, merchant bar, and steel. Iron and steel can be manufactured as cheaply in Colorado as in any other section of the United States, and the advantages that contribute to the State's superiority in this respect are the increasing demands, which can not be affected by the overproduction of the East and South; no rival point west of the Rocky Mountains claiming competitive facilities and an advantageous position as the geographical center of a vast territory; an intelligent class of labor; an abundance of building material and the most extensive fields of coking and fuel coal, and the only anthracite found west of Pennsylvania.
The annual production of 1,000,000 tons of crude pig iron, representing a value of say $14,000,000, the evolution of that 1,000,000 tons of pig iron into its higher products of bar iron, and steel, and sheets, and plates, and machinery, and cars, and locomotives, and pipes, and plows, and other farm implements, and all the long list of appliances and commodities of iron and steel, aggregating in value, at a lower estimation than can be legitimately placed, more than $50,000,000, means more for Colorado than many of her most sanguine advocates have anticipated.
While dwelling upon the scenes and incidents of my life upon the frontier, and speaking of those with whom I came in contact, I wish to refer to one whose meeting with me toward the latter days of overland travel began with a sincere friendship that has lasted until this day, and will continue to the end of our lives.
The person to whom I refer is Dr. D. Frank Powell, an army surgeon in those days, and whose gallant services as an officer and scout, as well as his striking appearance, gained for him the border cognomens of "White Beaver" (by which he is as frequently called to-day as by his own name) and "The Surgeon Scout," "Mighty Medicine Man," and "Fancy Frank."
Doctor Powell was the firm friend of Buffalo Bill, and his valuable services, rendered as a scout, guide, and Indian-fighter, made him famous as the Surgeon Scout.
His dash and handsome style of dress also gained for him the name of "Fancy Frank," while the other two appellations by which he was known were gained by his skill and service as a surgeon and physician.
When the Indians were stricken with an epidemic of smallpox, although at the time at war with the whites, Surgeon Powell conceived the idea of boldly entering their village and checking the dread disease.
Leaving the fort upon his perilous mission, Surgeon Powell made his way alone to the Indian country, and rode forward at sight of them, making signs of peace.
The astonished redskins received him with amazement, but, assured that he was in their power, they listened to the bold proposition he had to make them, and which was that he would check the epidemic then raging or forfeit his own life.
D. Frank Powell."White Beaver."
Struck with the boldness of the man, whom they knew so well as the comrade of Buffalo Bill, and who spoke their language fluently, the chiefs listened to all he had to say and then put him to the test.
Then it was that the strange circumstance occurred of a pale-face foe and medicine manvaccinatingthe Indians, young and old, all except the medicine men of the tribe, who would have nothing to do with him.
The result of Doctor Powell's work was that the dread disease was soon checked, and under his care many desperate cases of sickness were cured, and he became the ideal of his friends, who held a grand pow-wow, and presented him with a robe of sixteen white beaver-skins—the white beaver being a sacred animal among them.
Nor was this all, for they made him a mighty medicine man, or chief of their tribe, and bestowed upon him the name of "White Beaver," which he uses to-day in connection with his own name.
A resident now of La Crosse, Wis., Doctor Powell has a large practice there, resides in an elegant home, and is for the fourth time mayor of that beautiful city, and one of the most popular men in the State, socially and politically.
The doctor has been a most extensive traveler, in this country and abroad, and yet each year, for a couple of weeks, entertains as his guests the tribe of Winnebago Indians, of whom he is still the medicine chief, and who make a pilgrimage to see him, consult him as to the affairs of their people, and show him devoted respect during the time they are encamped upon his grounds, where he has a place set apart for them.
A handsome man, of splendid physique, one who has known a strange life of adventure, he is yet as gentle as a woman, and ever generous to those with whom he comes in contact; and this tribute to his worth as a man and skill as physician and surgeon he most justly deserves.
There was but little occurred of very great note west of the Mississippi during the twenties. The State of Missouri was admitted into the sisterhood of the States in the beginning of the twenties; after that there was very little of note that transpired during the twenties, with the exception of a few Indian scares on the frontier of Missouri, which, as a rule, were brought about without any real cause, and some trapping expeditions going west to the Rocky Mountains to trap for beaver fur, and also trading expeditions to Santa Fé, in New Mexico. With those exceptions, everything went along as quiet and almost as calm as a summer morning. In those days the entire community west of the Mississippi River, as well as the States east of it, were self-sustaining, producing all that they consumed in clothing and food, in their own homes, and I might say that this state of things also existed during the term of the thirties. Very little of note occurred outside the regular course of events save the Blackhawk war upon the Upper Mississippi and the appearance of steamboats in the Missouri River, as far west as the west border of the State of Missouri, which commenced in the early thirties, and became a very large source of transportation and passenger travel, and there was also, in the commencement of the thirties, some Mormon elders that came to the county of Jackson, in Missouri, bringing with them the revelations of their prophet Joseph Smith, and claimed that they had beensent to that county by the direction of the Lord to their prophet to establish the Zion of the Lord, or a "New Jerusalem," and, of course, a new church, which has since kept its existence until the present time, with its headquarters now in Salt Lake City, Utah. With the arrival of steamboats in the Upper Missouri, farmers commenced to raise hemp and other commodities that they could ship to St. Louis and New Orleans upon the steamers, which was the commencement of the people in that State to market the surplus that they could produce upon their farms; but the advantage of this trade or business only applied to the farmers and producers living in the river counties (I mean the counties located on the river), as it was too costly to haul their products upon wagons and with teams for any great distance; so the steamboat transportation could only be very beneficial to the counties, as above stated, the interior portions of the State having to plod along very much as was the case before steamboats came into use. There was no finer passenger travel ever inaugurated than the accommodations that travelers enjoyed as passengers upon those floating palaces, and I have lived to see them come and go, so far as their operations upon the Missouri is concerned. The Missouri afforded nearly 3,000 miles of water navigation, measured by the windings of the river. I have traveled on steamboats from its mouth, or St. Louis, to the head of navigation at Fort Benton, in Montana.
THE RETREAT ON THE COLORADO OF MAJOR JOHN D. LEE, THE MORMON.
Now, commencing with the forties, there was nothing of great moment happened until the great freshet of '44, which was the largest flood that has been known in the Missouri, about the mouth of the Caw, in the last seventy-five years, and I think that there never has been in the history of the country as great a flood in the Missouri atthat point. In '46 the Mexican War came up, and produced quite a stir among the business men upon the west border of the Missouri, as at that time there was no Kansas and Nebraska, the whole country being called "the Indian Territory" west of the State of Missouri. The Santa Fé trade, by this time, had become a regular annual business, and men had learned how to outfit wagons and teams so as to carry large amounts of merchandise and Government stores from the Missouri River to Santa Fé, N. M. and when General Donathan organized his regiment of troops, by the authority of the Governor of the State of Missouri, to march to Santa Fé, N. M., he found no trouble, neither did the Government, in securing all the transportation necessary to meet any emergency that might arise, with a plain and well-beaten road the entire route that they had to travel, this road having been opened by the merchant-trains in previous years.
In '47 the Mormon leader, Brigham Young, with a company of his elders and members of the church, left the Missouri River in the early spring and traveled 1,000 miles into the interior of the country, and formed a colony in that year in Salt Lake Valley, and named the city that they found Salt City, which proved to be a half-way house, as we might call it, between the Missouri River and the Pacific Coast, which proved of great advantage to the emigrants who left the Missouri in the spring of '49 to reach the gold-fields of California; for it was in '49, or rather the winter of '48, when the placer gold in California was discovered, and it was on this account that '49 became one of the most eventful years of the forties, the Mexican War having closed, and peace negotiations established in '48, which gave the United States the entire domain of the Pacific Coast lying north of the line now dividing Old Mexico from the United States. There were vast numbers ofbrave and daring citizens from almost every State in the Mississippi Valley who attempted to reach California by the overland route, and at no time, not even during the Mexican War, up to '49, had there ever been any overland travel to compare with that of '49. Tens of thousands of emigrants or gold-hunters left the west border at that time, outfitting themselves, some with ox-teams and some with mules and the best wagons that could be found in the market, loaded to the guards with supplies of food and clothing to make the trip and return, for at that time none of them expected to remain or make their homes in California; if so, it must have been a very small percentage of the number. Many of them died with cholera on the way; the large majority, however, reached their destination, but many of them through great suffering and privation from one cause or another. One of the misfortunes that attended the majority of them was want of experience in traveling their animals; they started off in too big a hurry, and pressed their teams too much at the outset, the result of which was, many of their animals died from fatigue, caused by overtraveling, long before they reached the Pacific Coast, the result of which was to leave on the road, or rather in the road, often the valuables that they had secured in the outset for their comfort and preservation when they reached the land of gold.
The year '50 was also a very fatal year to emigration, for it did not cease with '49, but the success of the "forty-niners" in gathering gold proved to be a great inducement to the country to continue the movements of '49 in the way of outfitting and emigrating to the Pacific Coast; in fact, it continued in a greater or smaller degree during the entire fifties; but in the year '50, as in '49, there were great numbers died with cholera. It was fatal among the emigrants from their starting point from Missouri till they wouldreach the Rocky Mountains, after which time the cases of death from cholera were very few compared with what they suffered upon the plains before reaching the mountains. There were but few cases that occurred after they reached the Sacramento Valley in California. Instead of returning, as the most of the gold-seekers intended to do on leaving their homes, they found California a delightful climate, with rich and fertile valleys, and many, very many of them concluded, after having a year's experience in the country, to become citizens, and a little later in the fifties, there were a great many people in the Western States who sold their homes and started with their families for the golden shores of the Pacific—in other words, for California—in view of adopting that State for their future homes. I was acquainted with numbers who did so, and who I have since met at their homes in California, who were delighted with the change that they made, and it is a very common thing now, after the country has been settled so many years, to find numbers of people there who think that California is the only country fit to live in.
Returning to the fifties, there was nothing of great note happened until the admission of Kansas and Nebraska in 1854, when floods of emigrants, mostly from the Northern States, passed into those Territories. A number, however, were from the Southern States, and held pro-slavery views.
In '56 what is known as the Kansas war occurred, from the invasion of men from Missouri and other States.
In '57 and '58 the Mormon war occurred, when Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston was sent to Utah with an army of 5,000 regulars.
In 1859 the great Comstock mine was developed, and it added to the currency of the world between one and two hundred millions of dollars in gold and silver. Also in '58 began the Pike's Peak excitement, which resulted in thesettlement of Denver.
In 1860 the election of Abraham Lincoln was followed, in '61, by the breaking out of the Civil War.
In '62 the initial steps for the establishment of the Union and Central Pacific railroads were taken, and the idea was fulfilled in '69. Daily stages were put on in 1859 from the Missouri River to Denver and Salt Lake.
It was during the sixties that the telegraph was established across the continent, following in the track of the Pony Express.
Gold was discovered in Montana in the sixties, resulting in the settlement of that Territory.
During the seventies and eighties, the most important happenings in our country were the remarkable growth of the railroad interests.
THE END.
BYMARAH ELLIS RYANIssued in the Rialto Series. 50 Cents Each.FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
SQUAW ÉLOUISE.
Vigorous, natural, entertaining.—Boston Times.A notable performance.—Chicago Tribune.No one can fail to become interested in the narrative.—Chicago Mail.A very strong story indeed.—Chicago Times.Marah Ellis Ryan is always interesting.—Rocky Mountain News.
A PAGAN OF THE ALLEGHANIES.
A story of mountain life of remarkable interest.—Louisville Times.Full of exciting interest.—Toledo Blade.A genuine art work.—Chicago Tribune.
TOLD IN THE HILLS.
Beautifully pictured.—Chicago Times.The word-painting is superb.—Lowell Times.One of the cleverest stories that has been issued in many a moon.—Kansas City Times.
IN LOVE'S DOMAINS.A TRILOGY.
It is an entertaining book, and by no means an unprofitable one.—Boston Times.There are imagination and poetical expression in the stories, and readers will find them interesting.—New York Sun.An unusually clever piece of work.—Charleston News.
MERZE; THE STORY OF AN ACTRESS.Beautifully Illustrated.
We can not doubt that the author is one of the best living orators of her sex. The book will possess a strong attraction for women.—Chicago Herald.This is the story of the life of an actress, told in the graphic style of Miss Ryan. It is very interesting.—New Orleans Picayune.A book of decided literary merit, besides moral tone and vigor.—Public Opinion, Washington, D. C.It is an exciting tragical story.—Chicago Inter Ocean.
Rand, McNally & Co., Publishers,CHICAGO AND NEW YORK.
Leland's Chicago Beach Hotel
This Elegant New Hotel has 450 Outside Rooms, with Bath Rooms attached. Located on theShore of Lake MichiganA frontage of 455 feet on Fifty-first Street Boulevard. Four blocks from ...
WORLD'S FAIR GROUNDS
Fifteen minutes' ride to the heart of the city. Trains every five minutes. Will be kept on European and American plans. Furnished throughout in solid Mahogany. Rooms secured by letter or telegram.
Rates (American) $5.00 per Day and Upward. AddressChicago Beach Hotel, Chicago.WARREN F. LELAND,Manager.
Hotel IngramWorld's Fair, Chicago, Ill.
Located Sixtieth Street and Washington Avenue, facing Midway Plaisance; 70 feet from World's Fair entrance, 200 feet from great Exposition station of the Illinois Central Railroad; all electric lines terminate here, affording direct and speedy communication with every part of the city. The hotel contains 400 rooms in main building, with 500 additional rooms in close proximity.
EUROPEAN PLAN
With restaurant accommodations for 1,000 people at a time. Located in hotel is a bureau of information with interpreters speaking all languages. Orchestral music daily....
W. W. INGRAM, Owner.WARREN LELAND, Jr., Manager.
The World's Inn Chicago
A frontage of 300 feet on (Sixtieth Street) Midway Plaisance, 250 feet on Madison Avenue....
ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF
Situated one block from Sixtieth Street Station, Illinois Central, half block from cable cars, and two blocks from elevated railroad.
CONTAINS 800 ROOMS. EUROPEAN PLAN.$2.00 Per Day and Upward.
Cafe attached. Rooms can be secured by letter or telegram.
CHAS. E. LELAND, Manager.
Renfost HotelOverlooking Washington Park and the Boulevards.FIFTY-SECOND STREET ANDCOTTAGE GROVE AVENUE, CHICAGO.EUROPEAN PLAN$2.00 per Day and Upward. Cafe open Day and Night.
This new and elegant hotel contains 490 splendidly furnished rooms, single and en suite, and all modern improvements. Twenty minutes to heart of the city, and seven minutes to World's Fair grounds. Rooms secured by letter or telegram. W. U. Telegraph office, Long Distance Telephone, and Bureau of Information in hotel.
LEWIS LELAND, Manager.HENRY J. REYNOLDS & CO., Proprietors.
Transcriber's NotesObvious punctuation errors repaired.Hyphen removed: "crestfallen" (p. 82), "football" (p. 146), "redskins" (p. 318), "smallpox" (p. 317), "to wit" (p. 231).P. 20: "Mrs. Ferrins" changed to "Mrs. Ferrin".P. 68: "assemby" changed to "assembly" (used as an assembly hall).P. 72: "employes" changed "employees" (the behavior of my employees).P. 87: "an" changed to "and" (The cruel and inhuman butchery).P. 88: "Lianos" changed to "Llanos" (San Juan de los Llanos).P. 90: "beween" changed to "between" (spaces of thirty feet between each).P. 93: "calvary" changed to "cavalry" (three cavalry companies).P. 124: "dear" changed to "deer" (Antelope, deer, elk, bear, beaver).P. 139: "litttle" changed to "little" (the little post at Fort Mann).P. 159: "were" changed to "where" (At a point where the main road).P. 233: "heathful" changed to "healthful" (The climate is healthful and invigorating).P. 249: "Jim Beckwouth" changed to "Jim Beckwourth".P. 310: The totals in the table are not correct but have not been changed.P. 313: "prophyry" changed to "porphyry" (large overflows of porphyry).
Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
Hyphen removed: "crestfallen" (p. 82), "football" (p. 146), "redskins" (p. 318), "smallpox" (p. 317), "to wit" (p. 231).
P. 20: "Mrs. Ferrins" changed to "Mrs. Ferrin".
P. 68: "assemby" changed to "assembly" (used as an assembly hall).
P. 72: "employes" changed "employees" (the behavior of my employees).
P. 87: "an" changed to "and" (The cruel and inhuman butchery).
P. 88: "Lianos" changed to "Llanos" (San Juan de los Llanos).
P. 90: "beween" changed to "between" (spaces of thirty feet between each).
P. 93: "calvary" changed to "cavalry" (three cavalry companies).
P. 124: "dear" changed to "deer" (Antelope, deer, elk, bear, beaver).
P. 139: "litttle" changed to "little" (the little post at Fort Mann).
P. 159: "were" changed to "where" (At a point where the main road).
P. 233: "heathful" changed to "healthful" (The climate is healthful and invigorating).
P. 249: "Jim Beckwouth" changed to "Jim Beckwourth".
P. 310: The totals in the table are not correct but have not been changed.
P. 313: "prophyry" changed to "porphyry" (large overflows of porphyry).