[134]Wallace,op. cit., p. 148.
[134]Wallace,op. cit., p. 148.
[135]J.P. Collier,Lives of the Original Actors in Shakespeare's Plays, p. 127. In exactly the same words Pope disposed of his share in the Globe.
[135]J.P. Collier,Lives of the Original Actors in Shakespeare's Plays, p. 127. In exactly the same words Pope disposed of his share in the Globe.
[136]Ibid., p. 230.
[136]Ibid., p. 230.
[137]Possibly Derby's Men.
[137]Possibly Derby's Men.
[138]See Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxxi, 346.
[138]See Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxxi, 346.
[139]The company was formed by an amalgamation of Oxford's and Worcester's Men in 1602. See The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 85.
[139]The company was formed by an amalgamation of Oxford's and Worcester's Men in 1602. See The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 85.
[140]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 266.
[140]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 266.
[141]Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 61; Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxxii, 511.
[141]Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 61; Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxxii, 511.
[142]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 270.
[142]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 270.
[143]English Dramatic Companies,i, 230.
[143]English Dramatic Companies,i, 230.
[144]Malone,Variorum,iii, 59; cf. Chalmers'sSupplemental Apology, p. 213, notey. Murray gives the date incorrectly as 1623.
[144]Malone,Variorum,iii, 59; cf. Chalmers'sSupplemental Apology, p. 213, notey. Murray gives the date incorrectly as 1623.
[145]Murray,English Dramatic Companies,i, 237, note 1.
[145]Murray,English Dramatic Companies,i, 237, note 1.
[146]Malone,Variorum,iii, 54, note 2.
[146]Malone,Variorum,iii, 54, note 2.
[147]See Jeaffreson,Middlesex County Records,iii, 164, from which the notice was quoted by Ordish,Early London Theatres, p. 106.
[147]See Jeaffreson,Middlesex County Records,iii, 164, from which the notice was quoted by Ordish,Early London Theatres, p. 106.
[148]From this notion of privacy, I take it, arose the term "private" theatre as distinguished from "common" or "public" theatre. The interpretation of the term suggested by Mr. W.J. Lawrence, and approved by Mr. William Archer, namely, that it was a legal device to escape the city ordinance of 1574, cannot be accepted. The city had no jurisdiction over the precinct of Blackfriars, nor did Farrant live in the building.
[148]From this notion of privacy, I take it, arose the term "private" theatre as distinguished from "common" or "public" theatre. The interpretation of the term suggested by Mr. W.J. Lawrence, and approved by Mr. William Archer, namely, that it was a legal device to escape the city ordinance of 1574, cannot be accepted. The city had no jurisdiction over the precinct of Blackfriars, nor did Farrant live in the building.
[149]This was enclosed with brick walls, and the greater part used as a wood-yard. This yard was later purchased by James Burbage when he secured the frater for his playhouse. The kitchen, shed, and stairs, built on the eastern part, were sold to Cobham.
[149]This was enclosed with brick walls, and the greater part used as a wood-yard. This yard was later purchased by James Burbage when he secured the frater for his playhouse. The kitchen, shed, and stairs, built on the eastern part, were sold to Cobham.
[150]By an error in the manuscript this reads "fifty"; but the rooms are often described and always as "forty-six" feet in length; moreover, the error is made obvious by the rest of the lease.
[150]By an error in the manuscript this reads "fifty"; but the rooms are often described and always as "forty-six" feet in length; moreover, the error is made obvious by the rest of the lease.
[151]The breadth is elsewhere given as twenty-six, and twenty-seven feet.
[151]The breadth is elsewhere given as twenty-six, and twenty-seven feet.
[152]The date from which the lease was made to run.
[152]The date from which the lease was made to run.
[153]It is usually said that he converted the entire seven rooms into his theatre, but that seems highly unlikely. The northern section was 46 x 26 feet, the southern section 110 x 22—absurd dimensions for an auditorium. Moreover, that Farrant originally planned to use only the northern section is indicated by his request to be allowed to "pull down one partition and so make two rooms—one." The portion not used for the playhouse he rented; in 1580, we are told, he let "two parcels thereof to two several persons."
[153]It is usually said that he converted the entire seven rooms into his theatre, but that seems highly unlikely. The northern section was 46 x 26 feet, the southern section 110 x 22—absurd dimensions for an auditorium. Moreover, that Farrant originally planned to use only the northern section is indicated by his request to be allowed to "pull down one partition and so make two rooms—one." The portion not used for the playhouse he rented; in 1580, we are told, he let "two parcels thereof to two several persons."
[154]M. Feuillerat, I think, is wrong in supposing that there was a gallery. He deduces no proof for his contention, and the evidence is against him.
[154]M. Feuillerat, I think, is wrong in supposing that there was a gallery. He deduces no proof for his contention, and the evidence is against him.
[155]There must have been two stairways leading to the upper rooms; I have assumed that playgoers used Neville's stairs to reach the theatre.
[155]There must have been two stairways leading to the upper rooms; I have assumed that playgoers used Neville's stairs to reach the theatre.
[156]I suspect that the theatre gave greater offense to More himself than it did to any one else, for it adjoined his home, and the audience made use of the private passage which led from Water Lane to his mansion. Unquestionably he suffered worse than any one else both from the noise and the crowds.
[156]I suspect that the theatre gave greater offense to More himself than it did to any one else, for it adjoined his home, and the audience made use of the private passage which led from Water Lane to his mansion. Unquestionably he suffered worse than any one else both from the noise and the crowds.
[157]Wallace,The Evolution of the English Drama, p. 163.
[157]Wallace,The Evolution of the English Drama, p. 163.
[158]Wallace,The Evolution of the English Drama, p. 153.
[158]Wallace,The Evolution of the English Drama, p. 153.
[159]More had "refused to accept any rent but conditionally." Probably he refused written consent to the sublease for the same reason.
[159]More had "refused to accept any rent but conditionally." Probably he refused written consent to the sublease for the same reason.
[160]Wallace,The Evolution of the English Drama, p. 154.
[160]Wallace,The Evolution of the English Drama, p. 154.
[161]The letter is printed in full by Mr. Wallace inThe Evolution of the English Drama, p. 158. Mr. Wallace, however, misdates it. It was not written until after More had "recovered it [the lease] against Evans."
[161]The letter is printed in full by Mr. Wallace inThe Evolution of the English Drama, p. 158. Mr. Wallace, however, misdates it. It was not written until after More had "recovered it [the lease] against Evans."
[162]Murray,English Dramatic Companies,i, 325, erroneously says: "Their public place was, probably, from the first, the courtyard of St. Paul's Cathedral."
[162]Murray,English Dramatic Companies,i, 325, erroneously says: "Their public place was, probably, from the first, the courtyard of St. Paul's Cathedral."
[163]Wallace,Shakespeare and his London Associates, p. 95.
[163]Wallace,Shakespeare and his London Associates, p. 95.
[164]That is, in or near Pater Noster Row.
[164]That is, in or near Pater Noster Row.
[165]Annales, or A Generall Chronicle of England, 1631, signature liii 1, verso.
[165]Annales, or A Generall Chronicle of England, 1631, signature liii 1, verso.
[166]F.G. Fleay,A Biographical Chronicle of the English Drama,ii, 76; W.J. Lawrence,The Elizabethan Playhouse, p. 17.
[166]F.G. Fleay,A Biographical Chronicle of the English Drama,ii, 76; W.J. Lawrence,The Elizabethan Playhouse, p. 17.
[167]R.W. Bond,The Complete Works of John Lyly,iii, 408. Higher prices of admission were charged to all the private playhouses.
[167]R.W. Bond,The Complete Works of John Lyly,iii, 408. Higher prices of admission were charged to all the private playhouses.
[168]John Marston,Antonio's Revenge, acted at Paul's in 1600.
[168]John Marston,Antonio's Revenge, acted at Paul's in 1600.
[169]There is a record of a play by the Paul's Boys in 1527 before ambassadors from France, dealing with the heretic Luther; but exactly when they began to give public performances for money we do not know.
[169]There is a record of a play by the Paul's Boys in 1527 before ambassadors from France, dealing with the heretic Luther; but exactly when they began to give public performances for money we do not know.
[170]Malone,Variorum,iii, 432.
[170]Malone,Variorum,iii, 432.
[171]The Children of the Chapel, p. 153.
[171]The Children of the Chapel, p. 153.
[172]A Chronicle History of the London Stage, p. 152.
[172]A Chronicle History of the London Stage, p. 152.
[173]Cunningham,Extracts from the Accounts of the Revels, p.xxxviii.
[173]Cunningham,Extracts from the Accounts of the Revels, p.xxxviii.
[174]Nichols,The Progresses of James,iv, 1073.
[174]Nichols,The Progresses of James,iv, 1073.
[175]Shakespeare and his London Associates, p. 80.
[175]Shakespeare and his London Associates, p. 80.
[176]Ibid., p. 95.
[176]Ibid., p. 95.
[177]"Pingues tauri cornupetæ, seu vrsi immanes, cum obiectis depugnant canibus."
[177]"Pingues tauri cornupetæ, seu vrsi immanes, cum obiectis depugnant canibus."
[178]The map is reproduced in facsimile by Rendle as a frontispiece toOld Southwark and its People.
[178]The map is reproduced in facsimile by Rendle as a frontispiece toOld Southwark and its People.
[179]Or Parish Garden, possibly the more correct form. For the early history of the Manor see William Bray,The History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey,iii, 530; Wallace, inEnglische Studien(1911),xliii, 341, note 3; Ordish,Early London Theatres, p. 125.
[179]Or Parish Garden, possibly the more correct form. For the early history of the Manor see William Bray,The History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey,iii, 530; Wallace, inEnglische Studien(1911),xliii, 341, note 3; Ordish,Early London Theatres, p. 125.
[180]Blount, in hisGlossographia(1681), p. 473, says of Paris Garden: "So called from Robert de Paris, who had a house and garden there in Richard II.'s time; who by proclamation, ordained that the butchers of London should buy that garden for receipt of their garbage and entrails of beasts, to the end the city might not be annoyed thereby."
[180]Blount, in hisGlossographia(1681), p. 473, says of Paris Garden: "So called from Robert de Paris, who had a house and garden there in Richard II.'s time; who by proclamation, ordained that the butchers of London should buy that garden for receipt of their garbage and entrails of beasts, to the end the city might not be annoyed thereby."
[181]See Gilpin'sLife of Cranmerfor a description of a bear-baiting before the King held on or near the river's edge. See also the proclamation of Henry VIII in 1546 against the stews, which implies the non-existence of regular amphitheatres.
[181]See Gilpin'sLife of Cranmerfor a description of a bear-baiting before the King held on or near the river's edge. See also the proclamation of Henry VIII in 1546 against the stews, which implies the non-existence of regular amphitheatres.
[182]Sir Sidney Lee (Shakespeare's England,ii, 428) says that one of the amphitheatres was erected in 1526. I do not know his authority; he was apparently misled by one of Rendle's statements. Neither of the amphitheatres is shown in Wyngaerde's carefulMap of Londonmade about 1530-1540; possibly they are referred to in theDiaryof Henry Machyn under the date of May 26, 1554. The old "Bull Ring" in High Street had then disappeared, and the baiting of bulls was henceforth more or less closely associated, as was natural, with the baiting of bears.
[182]Sir Sidney Lee (Shakespeare's England,ii, 428) says that one of the amphitheatres was erected in 1526. I do not know his authority; he was apparently misled by one of Rendle's statements. Neither of the amphitheatres is shown in Wyngaerde's carefulMap of Londonmade about 1530-1540; possibly they are referred to in theDiaryof Henry Machyn under the date of May 26, 1554. The old "Bull Ring" in High Street had then disappeared, and the baiting of bulls was henceforth more or less closely associated, as was natural, with the baiting of bears.
[183]Stow,Annals(ed. 1631), p. 696.
[183]Stow,Annals(ed. 1631), p. 696.
[184]Philip Stubbes,The Anatomie of Abuses(ed. Furnivall), p. 179.
[184]Philip Stubbes,The Anatomie of Abuses(ed. Furnivall), p. 179.
[185]A Godly Exhortation by Occasion of the Late Judgement of God, Shewed at Paris-Garden(London, 1583). Another account of the disaster may be found in Vaughan'sGolden Grove(1600).
[185]A Godly Exhortation by Occasion of the Late Judgement of God, Shewed at Paris-Garden(London, 1583). Another account of the disaster may be found in Vaughan'sGolden Grove(1600).
[186]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 65.
[186]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 65.
[187]What became of the other amphitheatre labeled "The Bull Baiting" I do not know. Stow, in hisSurvey, 1598, says: "Now to return to the west bank, there be two bear gardens, the old and new places, wherein be kept bears, bulls, and other beasts to be baited."
[187]What became of the other amphitheatre labeled "The Bull Baiting" I do not know. Stow, in hisSurvey, 1598, says: "Now to return to the west bank, there be two bear gardens, the old and new places, wherein be kept bears, bulls, and other beasts to be baited."
[188]For a fuller discussion of these various maps and views see pages146,248, and328.Norden's map of 1594(see page147) merely indicates the site of the building.
[188]For a fuller discussion of these various maps and views see pages146,248, and328.Norden's map of 1594(see page147) merely indicates the site of the building.
[189]For such a history the reader is referred to Ordish,Early London Theatres; Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, andHenslowe Papers; Young,The History of Dulwich College; Rendle,The Bankside, andThe Playhouses at Bankside.
[189]For such a history the reader is referred to Ordish,Early London Theatres; Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, andHenslowe Papers; Young,The History of Dulwich College; Rendle,The Bankside, andThe Playhouses at Bankside.
[190]No. 108, August, 1694. Quoted by J.P. Malcolm,Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London from the Roman Invasion to the Year 1700(London, 1811), p. 433.
[190]No. 108, August, 1694. Quoted by J.P. Malcolm,Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London from the Roman Invasion to the Year 1700(London, 1811), p. 433.
[191]The original manuscript of this narrative, in Spanish, is preserved in the British Museum. I quote the translation by Frederick Madden, inArchæologia,xiii, 354-55.
[191]The original manuscript of this narrative, in Spanish, is preserved in the British Museum. I quote the translation by Frederick Madden, inArchæologia,xiii, 354-55.
[192]The Calendar of State Papers, Venetian,xv, 258.
[192]The Calendar of State Papers, Venetian,xv, 258.
[193]The secretary was named Jacob Rathgeb, and the diary was published at Tübingen in 1602 with a long title beginning:A True and Faithful Narrative of the Bathing Excursion which His Serene Highness, etc. A translation will be found in Rye,England as Seen by Foreigners, pp. 3-53.
[193]The secretary was named Jacob Rathgeb, and the diary was published at Tübingen in 1602 with a long title beginning:A True and Faithful Narrative of the Bathing Excursion which His Serene Highness, etc. A translation will be found in Rye,England as Seen by Foreigners, pp. 3-53.
[194]Collier,The Alleyn Papers, p. 31.
[194]Collier,The Alleyn Papers, p. 31.
[195]It is just possible—but, I think, improbable—that the term "common players" as used in this proclamation referred to gamblers. The term is regularly used in law to designate actors.
[195]It is just possible—but, I think, improbable—that the term "common players" as used in this proclamation referred to gamblers. The term is regularly used in law to designate actors.
[196]The Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1547, February 5, p. 1; cf. Tytler'sEdward VI and Mary,i, 20.
[196]The Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1547, February 5, p. 1; cf. Tytler'sEdward VI and Mary,i, 20.
[197]See page29.
[197]See page29.
[198]The Council again refers to the building in the phrase "in any of these remote places." (Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xii, 15.)
[198]The Council again refers to the building in the phrase "in any of these remote places." (Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xii, 15.)
[199]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xii, 15.
[199]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xii, 15.
[200]Ibid.,xiv, 102.
[200]Ibid.,xiv, 102.
[201]Apology, p. 403.
[201]Apology, p. 403.
[202]History of English Dramatic Poetry(1879),iii, 131.
[202]History of English Dramatic Poetry(1879),iii, 131.
[203]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xiv, 99.
[203]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xiv, 99.
[204]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, 50, 73.
[204]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, 50, 73.
[205]Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 42.
[205]Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 42.
[206]Ibid., pp. 43-44.
[206]Ibid., pp. 43-44.
[207]There is no evidence that Henslowe owned the house at Newington; he might very well have rented it for this particular occasion.
[207]There is no evidence that Henslowe owned the house at Newington; he might very well have rented it for this particular occasion.
[208]Wallace,The First London Theatre, p. 2.
[208]Wallace,The First London Theatre, p. 2.
[209]Page 1004.
[209]Page 1004.
[210]W. Rendle, inThe Antiquarian Magazine and Bibliographer,viii, 60.
[210]W. Rendle, inThe Antiquarian Magazine and Bibliographer,viii, 60.
[211]For the earlier history of the Rose estate see Rendle,The Bankside, p. xv, and Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, 43. "The plan of the Rose estate in the vestry of St. Mildred's Church in London marks the estate exactly, but not the precise site of the Rose Playhouse. The estate consisted of three rods, and was east of Rose Alley." (Rendle,The Bankside, p. xxx.)
[211]For the earlier history of the Rose estate see Rendle,The Bankside, p. xv, and Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, 43. "The plan of the Rose estate in the vestry of St. Mildred's Church in London marks the estate exactly, but not the precise site of the Rose Playhouse. The estate consisted of three rods, and was east of Rose Alley." (Rendle,The Bankside, p. xxx.)
[212]Possibly the fact that Burbage had just secured control of the Curtain, and hence had a monopoly of playhouses, was one of the reasons for a new playhouse.
[212]Possibly the fact that Burbage had just secured control of the Curtain, and hence had a monopoly of playhouses, was one of the reasons for a new playhouse.
[213]The deed of partnership is preserved among the Henslowe papers at Dulwich College. For an abstract of the deed see Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 2. Henslowe seems to have driven a good bargain with Cholmley.
[213]The deed of partnership is preserved among the Henslowe papers at Dulwich College. For an abstract of the deed see Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 2. Henslowe seems to have driven a good bargain with Cholmley.
[214]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xv, 271.
[214]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xv, 271.
[215]Discovered by Mr. Wallace and printed in the LondonTimes, April 30, 1914.
[215]Discovered by Mr. Wallace and printed in the LondonTimes, April 30, 1914.
[216]The circular building pictured in these maps has been widely heralded as the First Globe, but without reason; all the evidence shows that it was the Rose. For further discussion see the chapters dealing with theBear Garden, theGlobe, and theHope. In the MerianView, issued in Frankfort in 1638, the Bear Garden and the Globe, each named, are shown conspicuously in the foreground; in the background is vaguely represented an unnamed playhouse polygonal in shape. This could not possibly be the Rose. Merian'sViewwas a compilation from Visscher'sViewof 1616 and some other view of London not yet identified; it has no independent authority, and no value whatever so far as the Rose is concerned.
[216]The circular building pictured in these maps has been widely heralded as the First Globe, but without reason; all the evidence shows that it was the Rose. For further discussion see the chapters dealing with theBear Garden, theGlobe, and theHope. In the MerianView, issued in Frankfort in 1638, the Bear Garden and the Globe, each named, are shown conspicuously in the foreground; in the background is vaguely represented an unnamed playhouse polygonal in shape. This could not possibly be the Rose. Merian'sViewwas a compilation from Visscher'sViewof 1616 and some other view of London not yet identified; it has no independent authority, and no value whatever so far as the Rose is concerned.
[217]If we may believe Johannes de Witt, the Rose was "more magnificent" than the theatres in Shoreditch. See page167.
[217]If we may believe Johannes de Witt, the Rose was "more magnificent" than the theatres in Shoreditch. See page167.
[218]Ordish,Early London Theatres, p. 155; Mantzius,A History of Theatrical Art, p. 58. Mr. Wallace's discovery of a reference to the Rose in the Sewer Records for April, 1588, quite overthrows this hypothesis.
[218]Ordish,Early London Theatres, p. 155; Mantzius,A History of Theatrical Art, p. 58. Mr. Wallace's discovery of a reference to the Rose in the Sewer Records for April, 1588, quite overthrows this hypothesis.
[219]This seems unlikely. At the beginning of Henslowe'sDiarywe find the scrawl "Chomley when" (Greg,Henslowe's Diaryi, 217); this was written not earlier than 1592, and it shows that Cholmley was at that time in Henslowe's mind.
[219]This seems unlikely. At the beginning of Henslowe'sDiarywe find the scrawl "Chomley when" (Greg,Henslowe's Diaryi, 217); this was written not earlier than 1592, and it shows that Cholmley was at that time in Henslowe's mind.
[220]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 7.
[220]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 7.
[221]For a list of their plays see Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 13 ff.
[221]For a list of their plays see Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 13 ff.
[222]Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 42.
[222]Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 42.
[223]See Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 43. For a general discussion of various problems involved, see Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, 51-2.
[223]See Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 43. For a general discussion of various problems involved, see Greg,Henslowe's Diary,ii, 51-2.
[224]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 16.
[224]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 16.
[225]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 17.
[225]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 17.
[226]He is so described, for example, in the warrant issued by the Privy Council on May 6, 1593, to Strange's Men.
[226]He is so described, for example, in the warrant issued by the Privy Council on May 6, 1593, to Strange's Men.
[227]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 4.
[227]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 4.
[228]For the details of this episode see thechapteron the Swan.
[228]For the details of this episode see thechapteron the Swan.
[229]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 54.
[229]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 54.
[230]In January, 1600, the Earl of Nottingham refers to "the dangerous decay" of the Rose. See Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 45; cf. p. 52.
[230]In January, 1600, the Earl of Nottingham refers to "the dangerous decay" of the Rose. See Greg,Henslowe Papers, p. 45; cf. p. 52.
[231]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxx, 395.
[231]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxx, 395.
[232]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 131.
[232]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 131.
[233]The Remembrancia,ii, 189; The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 85.
[233]The Remembrancia,ii, 189; The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 85.
[234]On March 19 the Privy Council formally ordered the suppression of all plays. This was five days before the death of Queen Elizabeth.
[234]On March 19 the Privy Council formally ordered the suppression of all plays. This was five days before the death of Queen Elizabeth.
[235]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 190.
[235]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 190.
[236]Some scholars have supposed that this was Morgan Pope, a part owner of the Bear Garden; but he is last heard of in 1585, and by 1605 was probably dead. Mr. Greg is of the opinion that Thomas Pope, the well-known member of the King's Men at the Globe, is referred to. From this has been developed the theory that Pope, acting for the Globe players, had rented the Rose and closed it in order to prevent competition with the Globe on the Bankside. I believe, however, that the "Mr. Pope" here referred to was neither of these men, but merely the agent of the Parish of St. Mildred. It is said that he lived at a scrivener's shop. This could not apply to the actor Thomas Pope, for we learn from his will, made less than a month later, that he lived in a house of his own, furnished with plate and household goods, and cared for by a housekeeper; and with him lived Susan Gasquine, whom he had "brought up ever since she was born."
[236]Some scholars have supposed that this was Morgan Pope, a part owner of the Bear Garden; but he is last heard of in 1585, and by 1605 was probably dead. Mr. Greg is of the opinion that Thomas Pope, the well-known member of the King's Men at the Globe, is referred to. From this has been developed the theory that Pope, acting for the Globe players, had rented the Rose and closed it in order to prevent competition with the Globe on the Bankside. I believe, however, that the "Mr. Pope" here referred to was neither of these men, but merely the agent of the Parish of St. Mildred. It is said that he lived at a scrivener's shop. This could not apply to the actor Thomas Pope, for we learn from his will, made less than a month later, that he lived in a house of his own, furnished with plate and household goods, and cared for by a housekeeper; and with him lived Susan Gasquine, whom he had "brought up ever since she was born."
[237]The old rental was £7 a year.
[237]The old rental was £7 a year.
[238]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 178.
[238]Greg,Henslowe's Diary,i, 178.
[239]Wallace in the LondonTimes, April 30, 1914, p. 10. In view of these records it seems unnecessary to refute those persons who assert that the Rose was standing so late as 1622. I may add, however, that before Mr. Wallace published the Sewer Records I had successfully disposed of all the evidence which has been collected to show the existence of the Rose after 1605. The chief source of this error is a footnote by Malone inVariorum,iii, 56; the source of Malone's error is probably to be seen in his footnote,ibid., p. 66.
[239]Wallace in the LondonTimes, April 30, 1914, p. 10. In view of these records it seems unnecessary to refute those persons who assert that the Rose was standing so late as 1622. I may add, however, that before Mr. Wallace published the Sewer Records I had successfully disposed of all the evidence which has been collected to show the existence of the Rose after 1605. The chief source of this error is a footnote by Malone inVariorum,iii, 56; the source of Malone's error is probably to be seen in his footnote,ibid., p. 66.
[240]For the tourist the memory of the old playhouse to-day lingers about Rose Alley on the Bank.
[240]For the tourist the memory of the old playhouse to-day lingers about Rose Alley on the Bank.
[241]Or "Parish Garden." See the note on page121.
[241]Or "Parish Garden." See the note on page121.
[242]The sale took the form of a lease for one thousand years.
[242]The sale took the form of a lease for one thousand years.
[243]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 74-76.
[243]The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 74-76.
[244]The swan was not uncommon as a sign, especially along the river; for example, it was the sign of one of the famous brothels on the Bankside, as Stow informs us.
[244]The swan was not uncommon as a sign, especially along the river; for example, it was the sign of one of the famous brothels on the Bankside, as Stow informs us.
[245]Quoted in Rye,England as Seen by Foreigners, p. 183.
[245]Quoted in Rye,England as Seen by Foreigners, p. 183.
[246]Reproduced by Rendle,The Bankside, Southwark, and the Globe Playhouse.
[246]Reproduced by Rendle,The Bankside, Southwark, and the Globe Playhouse.
[247]Stow's original manuscript (Harl. MSS., 544), quoted by Collier,History of English Dramatic Poetry(1879),iii, 96, note 3. The text of the edition of 1598 differs very slightly.
[247]Stow's original manuscript (Harl. MSS., 544), quoted by Collier,History of English Dramatic Poetry(1879),iii, 96, note 3. The text of the edition of 1598 differs very slightly.
[248]Apparently he allowed Van Buchell to transcribe the description and the rough pen-sketch from his notebook or traveler's diary.
[248]Apparently he allowed Van Buchell to transcribe the description and the rough pen-sketch from his notebook or traveler's diary.
[249]This interesting document was discovered by Dr. Karl T. Gaedertz, and published in full inZur Kenntnis der altenglischen Bühne(Bremen, 1888).
[249]This interesting document was discovered by Dr. Karl T. Gaedertz, and published in full inZur Kenntnis der altenglischen Bühne(Bremen, 1888).
[250]"Viâ quâ itur per Episcopalem portam vulgariter Biscopgate nuncupatam."
[250]"Viâ quâ itur per Episcopalem portam vulgariter Biscopgate nuncupatam."
[251]"Theatrorum."
[251]"Theatrorum."
[252]"Id cuius intersignium est cygnus (vulgo te theatre off te cijn)." Mr. Wallace proposes to emend the last clause to read: "te theatre off te cijn off te Swan," thus making "cijn" mean "sign"; but is not this Flemish, and does not "cijn" mean "Swan"?
[252]"Id cuius intersignium est cygnus (vulgo te theatre off te cijn)." Mr. Wallace proposes to emend the last clause to read: "te theatre off te cijn off te Swan," thus making "cijn" mean "sign"; but is not this Flemish, and does not "cijn" mean "Swan"?
[253]It is commonly thought that De Witt was wrong in stating that the Swan was built of flint stones. Possibly the plaster exterior deceived him; or possibly in his memory he confused this detail of the building with the exterior of the church of St. Mary Overies, which was indeed built of "a mass of flint stones." On the other hand, the long life of the building after it had ceased to be of use might indicate that it was built of stones.
[253]It is commonly thought that De Witt was wrong in stating that the Swan was built of flint stones. Possibly the plaster exterior deceived him; or possibly in his memory he confused this detail of the building with the exterior of the church of St. Mary Overies, which was indeed built of "a mass of flint stones." On the other hand, the long life of the building after it had ceased to be of use might indicate that it was built of stones.
[254]Discovered by Mr. Wallace and printed inEnglische Studien(1911),xliii, 340-95. These documents have done much to clear up the history of the Swan and the Rose in the year 1597.
[254]Discovered by Mr. Wallace and printed inEnglische Studien(1911),xliii, 340-95. These documents have done much to clear up the history of the Swan and the Rose in the year 1597.
[255]I cannot agree with Mr. Wallace that Langley induced these players to desert Henslowe, secured for them the patronage of Pembroke, and thus was himself responsible for the organization of the Pembroke Company.
[255]I cannot agree with Mr. Wallace that Langley induced these players to desert Henslowe, secured for them the patronage of Pembroke, and thus was himself responsible for the organization of the Pembroke Company.
[256]For an account ofThe Isle of Dogssee E.K. Chambers,Modern Language Review(1909),iv, 407, 511; R.B. McKerrow,The Works of Thomas Nashe,v, 29; and especially the important article by Mr. Wallace inEnglische Studienalready referred to.
[256]For an account ofThe Isle of Dogssee E.K. Chambers,Modern Language Review(1909),iv, 407, 511; R.B. McKerrow,The Works of Thomas Nashe,v, 29; and especially the important article by Mr. Wallace inEnglische Studienalready referred to.
[257]Nashes Lenten Stuffe(1599), ed. McKerrow,iii, 153.
[257]Nashes Lenten Stuffe(1599), ed. McKerrow,iii, 153.
[258]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxvii, 313. Possibly the other public playhouses were suppressed along with the Swan in response to the petition presented to the Council on July 28, (i.e. on the same day) by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen requesting the "final suppressing of the said stage plays, as well at the Theatre, Curtain, and Bankside as in all other places in and about the city." See The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 78.
[258]Dasent,Acts of the Privy Council,xxvii, 313. Possibly the other public playhouses were suppressed along with the Swan in response to the petition presented to the Council on July 28, (i.e. on the same day) by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen requesting the "final suppressing of the said stage plays, as well at the Theatre, Curtain, and Bankside as in all other places in and about the city." See The Malone Society'sCollections,i, 78.