APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.GLOSSARY OF SINHALESE FOLK TERMS APPEARING IN THE SERVICE TENURE REGISTER (1872.)AABARANA: Insignia of a Deviyo; vessels of gold and silver, etc., in a Dewala.ADAPPAYA: Headman amongst the Moors; a term of respect used in addressing an elder.ADHAHANA-MALUWA: A place of cremation; especially the place where the bodies of the kings of Kandy were burnt and where their ashes were buried.ADIKARAMA: An officer of the Kataragama Dewala next in rank to the Basnayake Nilame.ADIPALLA OR WARUPALLA: The lower layers of the stacked paddy on the threshing floor allowed to the watcher as a perquisite.ADUKKU: Cooked provisions given to headmen or persons of rank.ADUKKU-WALANKADA:A pingo of earthenware vessels for cooking or carrying food for headmen, etc.AGAS: First-fruits; ears of paddy cut as alut-sal, i.e., for the thanksgiving at the harvest home.AHARA-PUJAWA: The daily offering of food in a Vihare; before noon the mid-day meal is carried to the Vihare, and placed in front of the image of Buddha; it is then removed to the refectory or pansala, where it is consumed by the priests or by the servitors.AHAS-KAMBE: The tight-rope (literally air-rope) used for rope-dancing which is a service of certain tenants of the Badulla Dewale.AKYALA:Contribution of rice or paddy on the occasion of a procession at a Dewala; first fruits offered for protection of the crop by the Deviyo.ALATTIBEMA: A ceremony performed at the door of the sanctuary in a Dewale; the waving to and fro of an oil lamp by females, who repeat the while in an undertone the word ayu-bowa, long life (lit. may your years increase).ALGA-RAJAKARIYA: Service at the loom.ALAGU: A mark to assist the memory in calculation (Clough); a tally,e. g.in counting cocoanuts one is generally put aside out of each 100; those thus put aside are called alagu.ALIANDURA: The morning music at a temple.ALLASA: A present, a bribe, a fee paid on obtaining a maruwena-panguwa.ALUT-AWRUDU-MANGALYAYA: Festival of the Sinhalese new year; it falls in the early part of April.ALUT-SAL-MANGALYAYA: The festival of the first fruits; the harvest home.ALWALA-REDDA: A cloth fresh from the loom.AMARAGE OR AMBARAGE: Covered walk or passage between a Dewala and the Wahalkada or porch.AMUNA: A dam or anicut across a stream; a measure of dry grain equal to about 4–1/2 bushels, sometimes 5 bushels.ANAMESTRAYA: A shed in which to keep lights during festivals. In some temples these sheds are built permanently all round the widiya or outer court; in others they were mere temporary structures to protect the lights from wind and rain.ANDE: Ground share given to a proprietor.ANDU-GIRAKETTA: An arecanut-cutter of the shape of a pair of pincers; it forms the penuma or annual offering of the blacksmiths to their lord.ANKELIYA: The ceremony of pulling horns or forked sticks to propitiate Pattini-deviyo in times of epidemics; according to ancient legends, it was a pastime at which the Deviyo and her husband Palanga took sides. They are said to have emulated each other in picking flowers with the forked sticks the husband standing at the top and the wife at the foot of a tree. The ankeliya as its name imports partakes more of the nature of a village sport than of a religious ceremony. There are two sides engaged, called theuda and yati-pil. It is conducted in a central spot in the midst of a group of villages set apart for theparticularpurpose, called anpitiya, and commenced on a lucky day after the usual invocation by the Kapurala, who brings with him to the spot the Halan a kind of bracelet the insignia of the Deviyo. The two Pil select each its own horn or forked stick; the horns or sticks are then entwined—one is tied to a stake or tree, and the other is tied to a rope, which is pulled by the two parties till one or other of the horns or sticks breaks. The Pila which owns the broken horn is considered to have lost, and has to undergo the jeers and derision of the winning party. If the Yatipila which is patronized by the Deviyo (Pattini) wins, it is regarded as a good omen for the removal or subsidence of the epidemic. The ceremony closes with a triumphal procession to the nearest Dewale. A family belongs hereditarily to one or the other of the two Pil.ANPITIYA: The spot or place where the above ceremony is performed.ANUMETIRALA:A respectful term for a Kapurala, one through whom the pleasure of the Deviyo is known.ANUNAYAKA UNNANSE: A priest next in rank to a Maha-Nayaka or chief priest, the sub-prior of a monastery.APPALLAYA: The earthen ware vessel flatter than an atale,q. v.ARALU: Gall-nuts.ARAMUDALA: Treasury, or the contents of a treasury; the reserve fund.ARANGUWA: An ornamental arch decorated with flowers or tender leaves of the cocoanut tree.ARA-SALAWA OR BOJANASALAWA:Refectory.ARRIKALA: One-eighth portion.ASANA-REDI: Coverings of an asanaya; altar cloth.ASANAYA:Throne, altar, seat of honor.ATALE: A small earthenware-pot usually used in bathing.ATPANDAMA: A light carried in the hand, formed generally of a brass cup at the end of a stick about two feet long. The cup is filled with tow and oil.ATAPATTU-WASAMA: The messenger class. A holding held by the atapattu people. The service due from this class is the carrying of messages, keeping guard over treasure or a temple or chief’s house, and carrying in procession state umbrellas, swords of office etc., watching threshing floors and accompanying the proprietor on journeys.ATAPATTU MOHOTTALA: Writer over the messenger class.ATAWAKA: The eighth day before and after the full moon. The first is called Pura-atavaka and the second Ava-atavaka.ATTANAYAKARALA: Custodian; storekeeper; overseer corresponding in rank to Wannakurala,q.v.ATUGE: A temporary shed or outhouse for a privy.ATUPANDALAYA: A temporary shed or booth made of leaves and branches.ATUWA: Granary.AWALIYA: The same as Hunduwa or Perawa, which is one-fourth of a seer.AWATEWAKIRIMA:Ministration; Daily service at a Dewala.AWATTA:An ornamental talipot used as an umbrella.AWULPAT: Sweetmeats taken at the end of a meal.AWRUDU-PANTIYA: New year festival, a term in use in the Kurunegala District.AWRUDU-WATTORUWA: A chit given by the astrologer shewing the hour when the new year commences, and its prognostics.AYUBOWA: “Live for years”, a word used by way of chorus to recitals at Bali ceremonies.BBADAHELA-PANGUWA: The tenement of land held by a potter. His service consists of supplying a proprietor with all the requisite earthenware for his house and bath, and his lodgings on journeys, for his muttettuwa, for cooking, and for soaking seed paddy, for festivals, Yak and Bali ceremonies, weddings, etc. The supplying of tiles and bricks and keeping the roof of tiled houses waterproof, giving penumwalan to tenants for the penumkat, and making clay lamps, and kalas for temples. The potter also makes a present of chatties as his penum to proprietor and petty officers. When the quantity of bricks and tiles to be supplied is large, the proprietor finds the kiln, shed, clay and firewood. Kumbala is another name by which a potter is known.BADAL-PANGUWA: The holding held by smiths, called likewise Nawan-panguwa. Under the general term are included:Achari (blacksmiths),Lokuruwo (braziers) and Badallu (silver or gold smiths).The blacksmith supplies nails for roofing houses, hinges, locks, and keys for doors, all kitchen utensils, agricultural implements, and tools for felling and converting timber. His penuma consists of arecanut cutters, chunam boxes, ear and tooth picks, at the forge he is given the services of a tenant to blow the bellows, and when employed out of his house he is given his food. The Lokuruwa mends all brass and copper-vessels of a temple, and generally takes part in the service of the other smiths. The silver and goldsmiths work for the proprietor in their special craft when wanted, and in temples mend and polish all the sacred vessels, do engraving and carving work, decorate the Rate (car of the deviyo) and remain on guard there during the Perahera, attend at the Kaphitawima, and supply the silver rim for the Ehala-gaha. The goldsmiths present penum of silver rings, carved betel boxes, ornamental arrow-heads, etc. The smith tenant also attends and assists at the smelting of iron. In consideration of the value of the service of a smith, he generally holds a large extent of fertile land.BAGE: A division; a term used in Sabaragamuwa for a number of villages of a Dewala in charge of a Vidane.BAKMASA: The first month of the Sinhalese year (April-May).BALIBAT NETIMA: A devil-dance performed for five days after the close of the Perahera by a class of persons superior to the ordinary yakdesso (devil dancers) and called Balibat Gammehela, supposed to be descendants of emigrants from the Coast.BALI-EDURO: The persons who make the clay images for, and dance at, a Bali-maduwa which is a ceremony performed to propitiate the planets. The performance of Bali ceremonies is one of the principal services of tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.BALI-EMBIMA:The making of images for a Bali ceremony.BALI-ERIMA: The performance of the above ceremony. Note the peculiar expression Bali arinawa not Karanawa.BALI-KATIRA: Sticks or supports against which the images at a Bali ceremony are placed.BALI-TIYANNO: Same as Bali-eduro.BAMBA-NETIMA: In the processions at a Diya-kepima there is carried a wickerwork frame made to represent a giant (some say Brahma); a man walks inside this frame and carries it along exactly in the same way as “Jack-in-the green.” The service of carrying it in procession is called Bambanetima.BAMBARA-PENI: Honey of one of the large bees. A pingo of this honey is given to the proprietor of the lands in which it is collected.BANA-MADUWA: A large temporary shed put up for reading Bana during Waskalaya,q. v.BANA-SALAWA: A permanent edifice attached to a wihare for reading Bana.BANDARA: Belonging to the palace. It is now used of any proprietor, whether lay or clerical,e. g., Bandara-atuwa means the proprietor’s granary.BANKALA WIYANA: A decorated cloth or curtain, so called, it is supposed, from being imported from Bengal.BARAKOLAN: Large masks representing Kataragama Deviyo, used in dancing at the Dewala Perehara.BARAPEN: Remuneration given tocopyists. Hire given for important services, as the building of wihares, making of images, etc.BASNAYAKE NILAME: The lay chief or principal officer of a Dewale.BATAKOLA: The leaves of a small species of bamboo used for thatching buildings.BATGOTUWA: Boiled rice served out or wrapped up in a leaf. Boiled rice offered up at a Yak or Bali ceremony.BATTANARALA: The Kapurala who offers the multen (food offering).BATWADANARALA: The same as Battanarala.BATWALANDA: Earthenware vessel for boiling rice in. It is as large as a common pot but with a wider mouth.BATWALAN-HAKURU: Large cakes of jaggery of the shape of a “Batwalanda” generally made in Sabaragamuwa.BATWEDA: Work not done for hire, but for which the workmen receive food.BATWI: Paddy given by the proprietor as sustenance to a cultivator in lieu of food given during work.BEMMA: A Wall, a bank, a bund.BEHET-DIYA: A lotion made of lime juice and other acids mixed with perfumes for use at the Nanumura mangalyaya, when the priest washes the sacred reflection of the head of Buddha in a mirror held in front of the image for the purpose.BETMERALA: The officer in charge of a number of villages belonging to a temple, corresponding to a Vidane,q.v.BIN-ANDE: Ground share; Ground rent.BINARAMASA: The sixth month of the Sinhalese year (September-October).BINNEGUNWI: Paddy given as sustenance during ploughing time.BISOKAPA: See Ehelagaha. It is a term in use in the Kabulumulle Pattini Dewale in Hatara Korale.BISSA:A term in use in the Kegalle District for a granary round in shape, and of wickerwork daubed with mud.BINTARAM-OTU: Tax or payment in kind, being a quantity of paddy, equal to the full extent sown, as distinguished from half and other proportionate parts of the sowing extent levied from unfertile fields. Thus in an amuna of land the bintaram-otu is one amuna paddy.BODHIMALUWA: The Court round a bo-tree, called also Bomeda.BOJANA-SALAWA: The same as arasalava.BOLPEN: Water used at a temple for purposes of purification.BULAT-ATA: A roll of betel consisting of 40 leaves forming the common penuma to a proprietor at the annual festival corresponding to the old English rent day. It is a mark of submission and respect, and is therefore greatly valued.BULAT-HURULLA: A fee given to a chief or proprietor placed on a roll of betel. The fee given annually for a Maruvena panguwa.BULU: One of the three myrobalans (Clough).CCHAMARAYA: A fly-flapper, a yak’s tail fixed to a silver or other handle, used to keep flies off the insignia of a deviyo or persons of distinction.DDADAKUDAMAS: A compound word for meat and fish.DAGOBE OR DAGEBA: Lit. Relic chamber. A Buddhist mound or stupa of earth or brick sometimes faced with stone, containing generally a chamber in which is preserved a casket of relics.DALUMURE: A turn to supply betel for a temple or proprietor.DALUMURA-PANGUWA: The holding of tenants, whose special service is that of supplying weekly or fortnightly, and at the festivals, a certain quantity of betel leaves for the “dalumura-tewawa” immediately after the multen or “ahara-pujawa” and for the consumption by the officers or priests on duty.This service was one of great importance at the Court of the King, who had plantations of betel in different parts of the country, with a staff of officers, gardeners, and carriers. At present the tenants of this class in Ninda villages supply betel to the proprietor for consumption at his house and on journeys. In some service villages the betel is to be accompanied with a quantity of arecanuts.DALUPATHKARAYA: A sub-tenant; a garden tenant; one who has asweddumised land belonging to a mulpangukaraya. In some Districts the dalupathkaraya is called pelkaraya.DAMBU: Tow; rags for lights. The supplying of dambu at festivals in a temple or for a Bali ceremony at a chief’s house forms one of the principal services of a dhobi.DAN-ADUKKUWA: Food given by a tenant of a vihare land to the incumbent as distinguished from “dane” given to any priest for the sake of merit.DANDUMADUWA: A timber-shed; a timber room. Every temple establishment has an open long shed for timber and building materials etc., and its upkeep forms one of the duties of the tenants.DANE: Food given to priests for merit; alms: charity.DANGE: Kitchen of a Pansale.DANKADA: Pingo of food given to a priest.DARADIYARA: Fuel and water the supplying of which forms the service of the Uliyakkarawasam tenants.DASILIKAMA: An assistant to a Lekama or writer. The term is peculiar to Sabaragamuwa.DAWULA: The common drum.DAWULKARAYA: A tenant of the tom-tom beater caste, playing on a dawula at the daily service of a Vihare or a Dewale, and at the festivals.DAWUL-PANGUWA: The tenement held by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste. In temples their service comes under the kind called the Pita-kattale (out-door-service). At the daily tewawa, at festivals, at pinkam, and on journeys of the incumbent, they beat the hewisi (tom-toms). On their turn of duty in a temple, they have to watch the temple and its property, to sweep and clean the premises, to gather flowers for offerings, and to fetch bolpen (water for temple use). The services of a Hewisikaraya are required by a lay proprietor only occasionally for weddings, funerals, yak and bali ceremonies, and on state occasions. This class of persons is employed in weaving cloth, and their penuma consists of a taduppu cloth or lensuwa. In all respects the services of the Dawulkarayo resemble those of the Tammattankarayo, a portion of the same caste, but who beat the Tammattama instead of the Dawula.DEHAT-ATA: A roll of betel leaves given to a priest. A respectful term for a quid of betel.DEHET-GOTUWA: Betel wrapped up in the leaf of some tree.DEKUMA: A present given to a chief or incumbent of a temple by a tenant when he makes his appearance annually or oftener, and consists of either money, or sweetmeats, or cloth, or arecanut-cutters, etc., according to the tenants trade or profession or according to his caste.DELIPIHIYA: A razor. One of the “atapirikara” or eight priestly requisitesviz., three robes an almsbowl, a needle case, a razor, a, girdle, and a filter.DEPOYA: The poya at full moon.DEWALAYA: A temple dedicated to some Hindu Deviyo or local divinity. The four principal dewala are those dedicated to Vishnu, Kataragama, Nata and Pattini Daviyo. There are others belonging to tutelary deities, such as the Maha Saman Dewalaya in Sabaragamuwa belonging to Saman Dewiyo the tutelary deviyo of Siripade, Alutunwara Dewale in the Kegalle District to Dedimundi-dewata-ban-dara, prime minister of Vishnu etc.DEWA-MANDIRAYA: Term in Sabaragamuwa for the “Maligawa” or sanctuary of a Dewale.DEWA-RUPAYA: The image of a Deviyo.DEWOL OR DEWOL-YAKUN: Foreign devils said to have come from beyond the seas and who according to tradition landed at the seaside village called Dewundare near Matara and proceeded thence to Sinigama near Hikkaduwa. Pilgrims resort to either place and perform there the vows made by them in times of sickness and distress.DIGGE: The porch of a Dewalaya. It is a building forming the ante-chamber to the Maligawa or sanctuary where the daily hewisi is performed and to which alone worshippers have access. It is a long hall, as its name signifies, and it is there that the dance of the women at festivals, called Digge-netima, takes place.DISSAWA: The ruler of a Province.DIWA-NILAME: Principal lay officer of the Dalada-maligawa. The term is supposed to have had its origin from the highest dignitary in the kingdom holding amongst other functions the office of watering the Srimahabodinvahanse or sacred Bo-tree in Anuradhapura,DIWEL: Hire orremunerationfor service.DIYAGE: A bath room. The putting up of temporary sheds, or the upkeep of permanent structures as well as supplying water, forms part of the menial services of the Uliamwasam tenants.DIYA-KACHCHIYA: Coarse cloth bathing dress which it is the duty of the dhobi to supply at the bath. It is also called Diyaredi or Diyapiruwata.DIYAKEPUMA: The ceremony of cutting water with golden swords by the Kapurala of the Dewale at the customary ford or pond at the close of the Perehera in July or August.DIYATOTA: The ford or ferry where the above ceremony is performed.DOLAWA: A palanquin.DOTALU-MAL: The flowers of the dotalu-tree, a small species of the arecanut-tree used in decorations.DUMMALA: Powdered resin used at a yak or bali ceremony to give brilliancy to the light.DUNUKARAWASAMA: The military class. Literally, archers. The lands forming the holding of the Dunukarawasam tenants. Their chief services at present are the carrying of letters and messages, keeping guard at the Walauwe (house) of the proprietor, watching the threshing floor, fetchingbuffaloesfor work and accompanying the proprietor on journeys of state bearing the mura awudaya (lance).DUNUMALE-PENUMA: The penuma (present) given in the mouth of Nawan (February) by tenants to the high priest of the Sripadastane (Adam’s Peak) so called after an incumbent of that name.DURUTUMASE: The tenth month of the Sinhalese year (January-February).DUREYA: A headman of the Wahumpura Badde or Paduwa caste. Also a general name for a palanquin bearer.DURAWASAMA: The office of Dureya or headman of the Durayi. The tenement of land held by their class. Their services resemble those of the Ganwasama the difference being that instead of cooked they give uncooked provisions, and vegetables or raw provisions instead of sweet-meats for the penuma to the landlord.EEBITTAYA: A Boy. A priest’s servant.EDANDA: A plank or trunk thrown across a stream. A log bridge.EHELA-GAHA: A post or tree set up at a Dawale at a lucky hour in the month of Ehela as a preliminary to the Perahera. Compare the English May-pole.EHELA-PEREHARA:VidePerahera.ELAWALUKADA: A pingo of vegetables, which is the penuma given to proprietors by the tenants of the lower castes.ELWI: A kind of paddy grown on all hill sides under dry cultivation.EMBETTAYA: A barber.EMBULKETTA: A kitchen knife. It is the penuma given by blacksmith tenants.ETIRILLA: Cloth spread on chairs or other seats out of respect to a guest or headman. (Clough) It is the service of a dhobi tenant.ETULKATTALAYA: The inner room or sanctuary of a Dewale, called also the Maligawa and Dewamandiraya. The term is also applied to all the officers having duties in the sanctuary, such as Kapurala, Batwadanarala, Wattorurala, etc.GGAHONI: Ornamental covers made of cloth to throw over penuma.GALBEMMA: Stone-wall. Rampart.GAL-LADDA: A smith. A stonemason.GAL-ORUWA: A stone trough for water, called also Katharama.GAMANMURE: A turn of attendance at festivals, which in the of case tenants living in remote villages is frequently commuted for a fee. Hence the term.GAMARALA: The headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant.GAMMADUWA-DA: The day of an almsgiving at a Dewale to conciliate the Deviyo in times of sickness.GAMMIRIS: Pepper corn.GANWASAMA: Sometimes written Gammasama. The tenement held by a Ganwasama, the superior class of tenants in a village. Their panguwa supplies the proprietor with persons eligible for appointment to the subordinate offices in a village such as Vidane, Lekama, and Kankanama. The Ganwasama people are often of the same social standing as the proprietor and sometimes are related to him. They are generally the wealthiest people in the village and hold the most fertile lands. Consequently they have to make heavy contributions in the shape of adukku and pehidum to the proprietor and his retinue on his periodical visits, to his officers coming on duty and to his messengers dispatched with orders to tenants. They also have to give the Mahakat monthly, the Penumkat at festivals, and Dankat during Was, and to feed the workmen in the Muttettuwa and officers superintending the work. In the same manner as the Uliyam-wasama has to provide all the ordinary labour in a village so the Ganwasama has to provide all that is required for strangers visiting the village and generally to discharge the duties of hospitality for which the Kandyan villages are celebrated. This entails upon the Ganwasama the necessity of setting apart a place called the Idange for lodging strangers. The whole charge of the Muttettu work devolves on the Ganwasama which also has to superintend and assist in building work at the proprietor’s house attend,at his house on festive and other occasions in times of sickness and at funerals bringing penumkat and provisions. A Ganwasama tenant has to accompany the proprietor on his journeys on public occasions, and to guard his house in his absence. A woman of the panguwa has likewise to wait on the lady of the house and to accompany her on journeys. The Ganwasama takes the lead in the annual presentation of the tenants before the proprietor. In temple villages, in addition to the above services performed to the lay chief, the Ganwasama has to superintend and take part in the preparations for, and celebration of, the festivals.GANGATAYA: The leg of an animal killed in the chase given to the proprietor of the land. Sometimes more than one leg is given.GANLADDA: An owner of land. Sometimes applied to small proprietors, and sometimes to proprietors of inferior castes,e. g., the proprietors of the village Kotaketana (smiths and wood-carvers) are always so styled.GANMURE: Watching at a temple, or the period of service there taken in turns by villages.GANNILE: The service field in a village held by the Gammahe or the village headman for the time being. Field held by a small proprietor and cultivated for him by his tenants.GANPANDURA: Tribute for land. Ground rent.GAN-PAYINDAKARAYA: A messenger under an inferior headman.GARA-YAKUMA: A devil dance performed in some districts at the close of important undertakings such as construction of buildings at the close of the Perehera for the elephants, etc.GEBARALA: A storekeeper whose duty it is to measure the paddy, rice, oil etc., received into and issued out of a temple gabadawa (store).GEWATU-PANAMA: Payment for gardens. Garden rent, as the name implies, originally a fanam.GIKIYANA-PANGUWA: Tenement held by tenants whose service consists in singing at Dewale on “Kenmura” days and on festivals, and in the performance of the Digge-netima, which latter is a service performed by women. The songs generally relate to the exploits of the Dewiyo. The men sing and play on cymbals, drums, etc., and the women dance. The ordinary tom-tom-beater is not allowed to play for dancers of this class, which is supposed to be of Tamil origin.GILANPASA: The evening meal of Buddhists priests restricted to drinkables, as tea, coffee, etc. solid food is prohibited after noon-day.GODA-OTU: Literally, tax on high lands. Tax on chenas.GODAPADDA: A messenger under a headman of the low-castes. The term is in use in the Matale Districts.GORAKA: The fruit of the gamboge tree dried. It imparts to food a delicate acid, and is chiefly used in seasoning fish.GOYIGANAWA: Smoothing the bed of a field, being the last process preparatory to sowing.GURULETTUWA: A goglet.HHAKDURE: A service of blowing the conch-shell or horn in the daily service of a Dewalaya.HAKGEDIYA: A chank. A conch-shell.HAKPALIHA: The carrying of the conch-shell and shield in procession which forms one of the services of the tenants of temple villages.HAKURU-ESSA: A cake of jaggery. Half a “mula” (packet).HAKURUKETAYA: A ball of jaggery. It is of no definite size.HAKURUMULA: A packet of two cakes of jaggery.HAKURUPATTAYA: Balls of jaggery wrapped up in the sheath of the branch of an arecanut tree.HALUPAINDAYA: Officer in charge of the sacred vestments of a Dewale.HAMBA: Paddy belonging to a temple of the king.HAMBA-ATUWA: The granary belonging to a temple or the king.HAMUDA-WALE-MURAYA: The mura by tenants of Pidawiligam under the Dalada Maligawa.HANGIDIYA: A head-smith.HANGALA: The piru-wataya (lent-cloth) given by dhobies to Kapuwo and Yakdesso.HANNALIYA: A tailor; large Dewala and Wihara establishments have tenants to sew and stitch the sacred vestments, curtains, flags, etc., and to assist in decorating the car.HARASKADAYA: A cross stick in an arch, supplied by tenants for decorations at festivals.HATMALUWA:A curry made of seven kinds of vegetables and offered with rice at a Bali ceremony.HATTIYA: A hat shaped talipot carried on journeys by female attendants of ladies, answering the double purpose of a hat and an umbrella.HAYA-PEHINDUMA: Provisions given to a temple or person of rank, consisting of six neli (seru) of rice and condiments in proportion.HELAYA: A piece of cloth of twelve cubits.HELIYA: A large round vessel with a wide mouth for boiling rice, paddy, etc.HEMA-KADA: Food offering in a Dewala similar to the Ahara-pujawa at a Vihare. It is carried by the proper Kapurala, called Kattiyana-rala, pingo-fashion, and delivered at the door of the sanctuary to the officiating Kapurala.HENDA-DURE: The evening hewisi (music) at a Dewale.HENDUWA: Elephant-goad.HEPPUWA: A box, a basket. The term is in use in the Kegalle District in connection with a penuma of sweetmeats called Kevili-heppuwa just as in other Districts it is called Kevili-pettiya.HEWAMUDALA: Payment in lieu of the services of a tenant of the Hewasam or military class.HEWAWASAMA: The tenement held by the Hewawasama. The military class. Their services at present are those of the Atapattuwasama and consist in carrying messages and letters etc., accompanying the proprietor on journeys, carrying his umbrella or talipot and keeping guard at halting places attending to the service of betel, guarding the proprietor’s house, watching threshing floors, attending at funerals and setting fire to the pyre. They present a penuma of sweetmeats and receive as funeralprerequisitesa suit of clothes. Persons of their wasama, as those of the Ganwasama, are chosen for subordinate offices.HEVENPEDURA: A mat made of a kind of rush.HEWISI-MANDAPPAYA: The court where the Hewisi (music) is performed in a Vihare corresponding to the Digge in a Dewale.HILDANE: The early morning meal of Buddhist priests, generally of rice-gruel.HILEKAN: Registers of fields.HIMILA: Money given by a proprietor as hire for buffaloes employed in ploughing and threshing crops.HIRAMANAYA: A cocoanut scraper. It is an article of penuma with blacksmith tenants.HIROHI-NETIMA: Called also Niroginetima. It is a dance at the procession returning from the Diyakepima of the Saragune Dewale in the Badulla District.HITIMURAYA: The turn for being on guard at a temple or a chief’s house. It consists generally of fifteen days at a time, nights included. The tenant both on entering upon and on leaving his muraya, appears before the incumbent or chief with the penuma of a roll of betel, and when on mure has the charge of the place and its property, clears and sweeps the premises, attends to ordinary repairs, fetches flowers in temples and goes on messages. He receives food from the temple.HIWEL: Coulters, the providing of which forms one of the services of a blacksmith tenant.HIWEL-ANDE: Cultivators’ share of the produce of a field being half of the crop after deducting the various payments called “Waraweri” which are (1) Bittara-wi (seed-padi), as much as had been sown and half as much as interest;(2) Deyyanne-wi, 4 or 5 laha of paddy set apart for the Dewiyo, or boiled into rice and distributed in alms to the poor; (3) Adipalla, the lower layers of the stacked paddy;(4) Peldora, the ears of com round the watchhut which together with Adipalla are the watcher’sprerequisites(5) Yakunewi, paddy set apart for a devil ceremony. Besides the above, “Akyala” (first-fruits) is offered to the Deviyo for special protection to the crop from vermin, flies, etc.HULAWALIYA: The headman of the Rodi. The Rodi tenants are very few in number and are found in but very few villages. They supply prepared leather for drums and ropes of hide halters, thongs and cords for cattle and bury carcases of dead animals found on the estate to which they belong.IIDANGE OR IDAMA: The principal building where visitors of rank are lodged in a village.IDINNA: Called also Usna. A smith’s forge.ILLATTATTUWA: A betel-tray. The penuma given by a tenant engaged incarpentryor by a carver in wood.ILMASA: The eighth month of the Sinhalese year (Nov. Dec.)IRATTUWA: A word of Tamil extraction and applied to a kind of native cloth originally made by the Mahabadde people and at present by the tom-tom beater caste.IRILENSUWA: A striped handkerchief given as a penuma by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.ISSARA: The individual share or strip of land in a range of fields cultivated by the shareholders in common.ITIPANDAMA: A wax candle.ITIWADALA: A lump of wax. In the honey-producing jungle districts as Nuwarakalawiya, Matale North etc., honey and itiwadal are dues to which a proprietor is entitled.JJAMMAKKARAYA: A low-caste man. This is the sense in which the word is at present used in the Kandyan country but is proper meaning is a man of caste—of good birth.KKADA: A load divided into two portions of equal weight and tied to the two ends of a pole, which is balanced on the shoulder, called in Ceylon a “pingo” and in India a “bhangy.”KADAKETTA: a razor.KADAPAIYA: A long bag or purse called also Olonguwa.KADA-RAJAKARIYA: A pingo-load of village supplies given to the king by the Ganwasam. The Gamarala had to deliver it in person in Kandy. The chiefs, lands exempted from tax for loyalty to the British Government were not relieved of the pingo duty. (See proclamation of 21st November 1818, Clause 22).KAHADIYARA: Sprinkling water used by a Kapurala in ceremonies.KAHAMIRIS: Saffron and chillies.KAHATAPOTU: Bark of the saffron tree used in dyeing priests’ robes.KALAGEDIYA OR KALAYA: A pot, the ordinary vessel used by water-carriers.KALALA: Carpets, or mats made of a kind of fibre (Sanseviera Zeylanica.)KALANCHIYA: A Tamil word for an earthenware spitting pot.KALA-PANDAMA OR KILA-PANDAMA: A branched torch with generally three lights sometimes, sixseeATPANDAMA.KALAS: Earthenware lamps with stands for decorations.KAMMALA: A forge. A smithy.KAMMALKASI: Payment in lieu of service at the smithy.KAMATA: A threshing-floor.KANGAN: Black cloth given to attendants at funerals.KANHENDA: An ear-pick.KANKANAMA: An overseer.KANKARIYA: A devil ceremony.KANUWA: A post.KAPHITUNDAWASA: The day on which a pole is set up in a Dewale for the Perehera,seeEhelagaha.KAPURALA: A dewala-priest. The Office is hereditary.KARANDA: A tree, the twigs of which are in general use amongst Buddhist priests by way of tooth brushes. The village of Tittawelgoda has to supply annually 2000 of these tooth-brushes to the Dambulla monastery.KARANDU-HUNU: Chunam to offer with betel at the sanctuary.KARAKGEDIYA: A portable wicker basket for catching fish open at both ends and conical in shape used in shallow streams.KARAWALA: Dried fish, the usual penuma of Moor tenants.KARIYA KARANARALA: Officer second in rank to the Diwa Nilame in the Dalada Maligawa. The office is restricted to a few families and the appointment is in the hands of the Diwa Nilame, who receives a large fee for it at the yearly nomination. As the Diwa Nilame’s deputy, the Kariyakaranarala attends to all the business matters of the Maligawa and is entitled to valuable dues from subordinate headmen on appointment.KASAPEN: Young cocoanuts generally given as penuma.KATARAMA:Same as Galoruwa.KATBULATHURULU: Penuma consisting of pingoes and money with betel.KATGAHA: Sometimes called Kajjagaha. The same as Ehelagaha q.v.KATHAL: The pingo-loads of rice due to the king by way of the Crown dues on all lands cultivated with paddy, except those belonging to the Duggenewili people or class from which the King’s domestic servants were taken.KATMUDALA: Money payment in lieu of the above.KATTIYANAMURAYA: The turn for the tenant of a kapu family to perform the service of carrying from the multenge (Dewale kitchen) to the Maligawa (the sanctuary) the multen-kada or daily food offering.KATUKITUL: Wild prickly kitul the flowers of which are used in decorations.KATUPELALI: Rough screens made of branches as substitutes for walls in temporary buildings.KATU-PIHIYA: A small knife of the size of a penknife with a stylus to it.KAWANI: A kind of cloth.KATTIYA: A general term for a festival, but in particular applied to the festival of lights in Nov.-Dec. called Kattimangalaya.KEDAGAN: A palanquin fitted up (with sticks) for the occasion to take the insignia of a Deviyo in procession.KEHELMUWA: Flower of the plantain.KEKULHAL: Rice pounded from native paddy.KEKUNA-TEL: Common lamp oil extracted from the nuts of the Kekuna tree; the oil is largely used in illuminations at festivals and given as garden dues by tenants.KEMBERA: The beating of tom-toms on Kenmura days.KENDIYA-WEDAMAWIMA: The carrying in procession of the Rankendiya or sacred-vessel containing water after the Diyakepima.KENMURA: Wednesdays and Saturdays on which are held the regular services of a Dewale.KERAWALA: Half of a pingo. Half of a panguwa.KETIUDALU: Bill-hooks and hoes. Agricultural implements supplied by the proprietor for work in the Muttettu fields. He supplies the iron and the smith tenant makes the necessary implements, assisted by the nilawasam tenants who contribute the charcoal.KEVILI-HELIYA: A chatty of sweetmeats given as penuma.KEVILI-KADA: A pingo of sweetmeats given as penuma by high caste tenants.KEVILI-KIRIBAT: Sweetmeats and rice boiled in milk.KEVILI-HEPPUWA: See heppuwa.KEVILI-TATTUWA: See heppuwa.KEWUN: Cakes, sweetmeats.KEWUN-KESELKAN: Sweetmeats and ripe plantains.KILLOTAYA: A chunam-box given as a penuma by smith tenants.KINISSA: A ladle, a common cocoanut spoon.KIRI-AHARA OR KIRIBAT: Rice boiled in milk and served on festive occasions.KIRIMETI: Pipe-clay. The supplying and preparation of clay for the Badaheleya (potter) when making bricks and tiles for a proprietor forms one of the duties of every tenant of a temple village, and of the tenants of the Nila or Uliyam pangu in a chief’s village.KIRIUTURANA-MANGALYAYA: The ceremony of boiling milk at a Dewale generally at the Sinhalese new year and after a Diyakepima.KITUL-ANDA-MURE: The half share of the toddy of all kitul trees tapped, which is the due of the proprietor. The trees are tapped by Wahumpura tenants by who are also called Hakuro, and the toddy is converted into the syrup from which hakuru (jaggery) is made.KITUL-PENI-MUDIYA: A small quantity of kitul syrup carried in a leaf and served out to tenants in mura.KODI: Flags.KOLALANU: Cords for tying sheaves.KÔLAN: Masks worn in dancing in Dewala festivals.KOLMURA: A rehearsal at the Nata Dewala by the Uliyakkarayo before the Perehera starts.KOMBUWA: A bugle, a horn. It is blown at the Tewawa or service at a Dewale. There arespecialtenants for this service.KORAHA: A large wide-mouthed chatty used as a basin.KONA: The year’s end. The Sinhalese new year (April).KOTAHALU: The cloth worn by a young female arriving at puberty, which is the perquisite of the family dhobi, with other presents given at the festivities held on theoccasion.KOTALE: An earthenware vessel with a spout given as a penuma by the potter to petty officers.KOTTALBADDE VIDANE: The headman of smith villages.KOVAYA: An earthenware crucible. A socket for candles.KOVILA: A small temple. A minor Dewale.KÛDE: A basket to remove earth, sand, etc.KUDAYA: An umbrella.KUDAMASSAN: Small fishes cured for curry.KULU: Winnowing fans made of bamboo.KUMBAL-PEREHERA: Preliminary Perehera at a Dewale when the insignia are carried in procession round the inner Court for five days, followed by the Dewale Perehera for five days twice a day round the Widiya, and the Randoli or Maha Perehera for five days.KUMBAYA: A post, a pole for arches in decorations.KUMARIHAMILLA: Ladies of rank.KUMARA-TALA-ATTA: A talipot of state. An ornamental talipot carried in processions by tenants of superior grade.KUNAMA: The palanquin carried in procession at the Perehera containing inside the insignia of a Deviyo. It is also called Randoliya.KURUMBA: The same as Kasapen.KURU: Hair-pins.KURU-KANDA: A candle stick made of clay, called also Kotvilakkuwa.KURAPAYIYA: The same as Kadapayiya.KURUNIYA: One eighth of a bushel or four seer.KURUWITALE: Spear used at elephant kraals.KUSALANA: A cup.

APPENDIX.GLOSSARY OF SINHALESE FOLK TERMS APPEARING IN THE SERVICE TENURE REGISTER (1872.)AABARANA: Insignia of a Deviyo; vessels of gold and silver, etc., in a Dewala.ADAPPAYA: Headman amongst the Moors; a term of respect used in addressing an elder.ADHAHANA-MALUWA: A place of cremation; especially the place where the bodies of the kings of Kandy were burnt and where their ashes were buried.ADIKARAMA: An officer of the Kataragama Dewala next in rank to the Basnayake Nilame.ADIPALLA OR WARUPALLA: The lower layers of the stacked paddy on the threshing floor allowed to the watcher as a perquisite.ADUKKU: Cooked provisions given to headmen or persons of rank.ADUKKU-WALANKADA:A pingo of earthenware vessels for cooking or carrying food for headmen, etc.AGAS: First-fruits; ears of paddy cut as alut-sal, i.e., for the thanksgiving at the harvest home.AHARA-PUJAWA: The daily offering of food in a Vihare; before noon the mid-day meal is carried to the Vihare, and placed in front of the image of Buddha; it is then removed to the refectory or pansala, where it is consumed by the priests or by the servitors.AHAS-KAMBE: The tight-rope (literally air-rope) used for rope-dancing which is a service of certain tenants of the Badulla Dewale.AKYALA:Contribution of rice or paddy on the occasion of a procession at a Dewala; first fruits offered for protection of the crop by the Deviyo.ALATTIBEMA: A ceremony performed at the door of the sanctuary in a Dewale; the waving to and fro of an oil lamp by females, who repeat the while in an undertone the word ayu-bowa, long life (lit. may your years increase).ALGA-RAJAKARIYA: Service at the loom.ALAGU: A mark to assist the memory in calculation (Clough); a tally,e. g.in counting cocoanuts one is generally put aside out of each 100; those thus put aside are called alagu.ALIANDURA: The morning music at a temple.ALLASA: A present, a bribe, a fee paid on obtaining a maruwena-panguwa.ALUT-AWRUDU-MANGALYAYA: Festival of the Sinhalese new year; it falls in the early part of April.ALUT-SAL-MANGALYAYA: The festival of the first fruits; the harvest home.ALWALA-REDDA: A cloth fresh from the loom.AMARAGE OR AMBARAGE: Covered walk or passage between a Dewala and the Wahalkada or porch.AMUNA: A dam or anicut across a stream; a measure of dry grain equal to about 4–1/2 bushels, sometimes 5 bushels.ANAMESTRAYA: A shed in which to keep lights during festivals. In some temples these sheds are built permanently all round the widiya or outer court; in others they were mere temporary structures to protect the lights from wind and rain.ANDE: Ground share given to a proprietor.ANDU-GIRAKETTA: An arecanut-cutter of the shape of a pair of pincers; it forms the penuma or annual offering of the blacksmiths to their lord.ANKELIYA: The ceremony of pulling horns or forked sticks to propitiate Pattini-deviyo in times of epidemics; according to ancient legends, it was a pastime at which the Deviyo and her husband Palanga took sides. They are said to have emulated each other in picking flowers with the forked sticks the husband standing at the top and the wife at the foot of a tree. The ankeliya as its name imports partakes more of the nature of a village sport than of a religious ceremony. There are two sides engaged, called theuda and yati-pil. It is conducted in a central spot in the midst of a group of villages set apart for theparticularpurpose, called anpitiya, and commenced on a lucky day after the usual invocation by the Kapurala, who brings with him to the spot the Halan a kind of bracelet the insignia of the Deviyo. The two Pil select each its own horn or forked stick; the horns or sticks are then entwined—one is tied to a stake or tree, and the other is tied to a rope, which is pulled by the two parties till one or other of the horns or sticks breaks. The Pila which owns the broken horn is considered to have lost, and has to undergo the jeers and derision of the winning party. If the Yatipila which is patronized by the Deviyo (Pattini) wins, it is regarded as a good omen for the removal or subsidence of the epidemic. The ceremony closes with a triumphal procession to the nearest Dewale. A family belongs hereditarily to one or the other of the two Pil.ANPITIYA: The spot or place where the above ceremony is performed.ANUMETIRALA:A respectful term for a Kapurala, one through whom the pleasure of the Deviyo is known.ANUNAYAKA UNNANSE: A priest next in rank to a Maha-Nayaka or chief priest, the sub-prior of a monastery.APPALLAYA: The earthen ware vessel flatter than an atale,q. v.ARALU: Gall-nuts.ARAMUDALA: Treasury, or the contents of a treasury; the reserve fund.ARANGUWA: An ornamental arch decorated with flowers or tender leaves of the cocoanut tree.ARA-SALAWA OR BOJANASALAWA:Refectory.ARRIKALA: One-eighth portion.ASANA-REDI: Coverings of an asanaya; altar cloth.ASANAYA:Throne, altar, seat of honor.ATALE: A small earthenware-pot usually used in bathing.ATPANDAMA: A light carried in the hand, formed generally of a brass cup at the end of a stick about two feet long. The cup is filled with tow and oil.ATAPATTU-WASAMA: The messenger class. A holding held by the atapattu people. The service due from this class is the carrying of messages, keeping guard over treasure or a temple or chief’s house, and carrying in procession state umbrellas, swords of office etc., watching threshing floors and accompanying the proprietor on journeys.ATAPATTU MOHOTTALA: Writer over the messenger class.ATAWAKA: The eighth day before and after the full moon. The first is called Pura-atavaka and the second Ava-atavaka.ATTANAYAKARALA: Custodian; storekeeper; overseer corresponding in rank to Wannakurala,q.v.ATUGE: A temporary shed or outhouse for a privy.ATUPANDALAYA: A temporary shed or booth made of leaves and branches.ATUWA: Granary.AWALIYA: The same as Hunduwa or Perawa, which is one-fourth of a seer.AWATEWAKIRIMA:Ministration; Daily service at a Dewala.AWATTA:An ornamental talipot used as an umbrella.AWULPAT: Sweetmeats taken at the end of a meal.AWRUDU-PANTIYA: New year festival, a term in use in the Kurunegala District.AWRUDU-WATTORUWA: A chit given by the astrologer shewing the hour when the new year commences, and its prognostics.AYUBOWA: “Live for years”, a word used by way of chorus to recitals at Bali ceremonies.BBADAHELA-PANGUWA: The tenement of land held by a potter. His service consists of supplying a proprietor with all the requisite earthenware for his house and bath, and his lodgings on journeys, for his muttettuwa, for cooking, and for soaking seed paddy, for festivals, Yak and Bali ceremonies, weddings, etc. The supplying of tiles and bricks and keeping the roof of tiled houses waterproof, giving penumwalan to tenants for the penumkat, and making clay lamps, and kalas for temples. The potter also makes a present of chatties as his penum to proprietor and petty officers. When the quantity of bricks and tiles to be supplied is large, the proprietor finds the kiln, shed, clay and firewood. Kumbala is another name by which a potter is known.BADAL-PANGUWA: The holding held by smiths, called likewise Nawan-panguwa. Under the general term are included:Achari (blacksmiths),Lokuruwo (braziers) and Badallu (silver or gold smiths).The blacksmith supplies nails for roofing houses, hinges, locks, and keys for doors, all kitchen utensils, agricultural implements, and tools for felling and converting timber. His penuma consists of arecanut cutters, chunam boxes, ear and tooth picks, at the forge he is given the services of a tenant to blow the bellows, and when employed out of his house he is given his food. The Lokuruwa mends all brass and copper-vessels of a temple, and generally takes part in the service of the other smiths. The silver and goldsmiths work for the proprietor in their special craft when wanted, and in temples mend and polish all the sacred vessels, do engraving and carving work, decorate the Rate (car of the deviyo) and remain on guard there during the Perahera, attend at the Kaphitawima, and supply the silver rim for the Ehala-gaha. The goldsmiths present penum of silver rings, carved betel boxes, ornamental arrow-heads, etc. The smith tenant also attends and assists at the smelting of iron. In consideration of the value of the service of a smith, he generally holds a large extent of fertile land.BAGE: A division; a term used in Sabaragamuwa for a number of villages of a Dewala in charge of a Vidane.BAKMASA: The first month of the Sinhalese year (April-May).BALIBAT NETIMA: A devil-dance performed for five days after the close of the Perahera by a class of persons superior to the ordinary yakdesso (devil dancers) and called Balibat Gammehela, supposed to be descendants of emigrants from the Coast.BALI-EDURO: The persons who make the clay images for, and dance at, a Bali-maduwa which is a ceremony performed to propitiate the planets. The performance of Bali ceremonies is one of the principal services of tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.BALI-EMBIMA:The making of images for a Bali ceremony.BALI-ERIMA: The performance of the above ceremony. Note the peculiar expression Bali arinawa not Karanawa.BALI-KATIRA: Sticks or supports against which the images at a Bali ceremony are placed.BALI-TIYANNO: Same as Bali-eduro.BAMBA-NETIMA: In the processions at a Diya-kepima there is carried a wickerwork frame made to represent a giant (some say Brahma); a man walks inside this frame and carries it along exactly in the same way as “Jack-in-the green.” The service of carrying it in procession is called Bambanetima.BAMBARA-PENI: Honey of one of the large bees. A pingo of this honey is given to the proprietor of the lands in which it is collected.BANA-MADUWA: A large temporary shed put up for reading Bana during Waskalaya,q. v.BANA-SALAWA: A permanent edifice attached to a wihare for reading Bana.BANDARA: Belonging to the palace. It is now used of any proprietor, whether lay or clerical,e. g., Bandara-atuwa means the proprietor’s granary.BANKALA WIYANA: A decorated cloth or curtain, so called, it is supposed, from being imported from Bengal.BARAKOLAN: Large masks representing Kataragama Deviyo, used in dancing at the Dewala Perehara.BARAPEN: Remuneration given tocopyists. Hire given for important services, as the building of wihares, making of images, etc.BASNAYAKE NILAME: The lay chief or principal officer of a Dewale.BATAKOLA: The leaves of a small species of bamboo used for thatching buildings.BATGOTUWA: Boiled rice served out or wrapped up in a leaf. Boiled rice offered up at a Yak or Bali ceremony.BATTANARALA: The Kapurala who offers the multen (food offering).BATWADANARALA: The same as Battanarala.BATWALANDA: Earthenware vessel for boiling rice in. It is as large as a common pot but with a wider mouth.BATWALAN-HAKURU: Large cakes of jaggery of the shape of a “Batwalanda” generally made in Sabaragamuwa.BATWEDA: Work not done for hire, but for which the workmen receive food.BATWI: Paddy given by the proprietor as sustenance to a cultivator in lieu of food given during work.BEMMA: A Wall, a bank, a bund.BEHET-DIYA: A lotion made of lime juice and other acids mixed with perfumes for use at the Nanumura mangalyaya, when the priest washes the sacred reflection of the head of Buddha in a mirror held in front of the image for the purpose.BETMERALA: The officer in charge of a number of villages belonging to a temple, corresponding to a Vidane,q.v.BIN-ANDE: Ground share; Ground rent.BINARAMASA: The sixth month of the Sinhalese year (September-October).BINNEGUNWI: Paddy given as sustenance during ploughing time.BISOKAPA: See Ehelagaha. It is a term in use in the Kabulumulle Pattini Dewale in Hatara Korale.BISSA:A term in use in the Kegalle District for a granary round in shape, and of wickerwork daubed with mud.BINTARAM-OTU: Tax or payment in kind, being a quantity of paddy, equal to the full extent sown, as distinguished from half and other proportionate parts of the sowing extent levied from unfertile fields. Thus in an amuna of land the bintaram-otu is one amuna paddy.BODHIMALUWA: The Court round a bo-tree, called also Bomeda.BOJANA-SALAWA: The same as arasalava.BOLPEN: Water used at a temple for purposes of purification.BULAT-ATA: A roll of betel consisting of 40 leaves forming the common penuma to a proprietor at the annual festival corresponding to the old English rent day. It is a mark of submission and respect, and is therefore greatly valued.BULAT-HURULLA: A fee given to a chief or proprietor placed on a roll of betel. The fee given annually for a Maruvena panguwa.BULU: One of the three myrobalans (Clough).CCHAMARAYA: A fly-flapper, a yak’s tail fixed to a silver or other handle, used to keep flies off the insignia of a deviyo or persons of distinction.DDADAKUDAMAS: A compound word for meat and fish.DAGOBE OR DAGEBA: Lit. Relic chamber. A Buddhist mound or stupa of earth or brick sometimes faced with stone, containing generally a chamber in which is preserved a casket of relics.DALUMURE: A turn to supply betel for a temple or proprietor.DALUMURA-PANGUWA: The holding of tenants, whose special service is that of supplying weekly or fortnightly, and at the festivals, a certain quantity of betel leaves for the “dalumura-tewawa” immediately after the multen or “ahara-pujawa” and for the consumption by the officers or priests on duty.This service was one of great importance at the Court of the King, who had plantations of betel in different parts of the country, with a staff of officers, gardeners, and carriers. At present the tenants of this class in Ninda villages supply betel to the proprietor for consumption at his house and on journeys. In some service villages the betel is to be accompanied with a quantity of arecanuts.DALUPATHKARAYA: A sub-tenant; a garden tenant; one who has asweddumised land belonging to a mulpangukaraya. In some Districts the dalupathkaraya is called pelkaraya.DAMBU: Tow; rags for lights. The supplying of dambu at festivals in a temple or for a Bali ceremony at a chief’s house forms one of the principal services of a dhobi.DAN-ADUKKUWA: Food given by a tenant of a vihare land to the incumbent as distinguished from “dane” given to any priest for the sake of merit.DANDUMADUWA: A timber-shed; a timber room. Every temple establishment has an open long shed for timber and building materials etc., and its upkeep forms one of the duties of the tenants.DANE: Food given to priests for merit; alms: charity.DANGE: Kitchen of a Pansale.DANKADA: Pingo of food given to a priest.DARADIYARA: Fuel and water the supplying of which forms the service of the Uliyakkarawasam tenants.DASILIKAMA: An assistant to a Lekama or writer. The term is peculiar to Sabaragamuwa.DAWULA: The common drum.DAWULKARAYA: A tenant of the tom-tom beater caste, playing on a dawula at the daily service of a Vihare or a Dewale, and at the festivals.DAWUL-PANGUWA: The tenement held by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste. In temples their service comes under the kind called the Pita-kattale (out-door-service). At the daily tewawa, at festivals, at pinkam, and on journeys of the incumbent, they beat the hewisi (tom-toms). On their turn of duty in a temple, they have to watch the temple and its property, to sweep and clean the premises, to gather flowers for offerings, and to fetch bolpen (water for temple use). The services of a Hewisikaraya are required by a lay proprietor only occasionally for weddings, funerals, yak and bali ceremonies, and on state occasions. This class of persons is employed in weaving cloth, and their penuma consists of a taduppu cloth or lensuwa. In all respects the services of the Dawulkarayo resemble those of the Tammattankarayo, a portion of the same caste, but who beat the Tammattama instead of the Dawula.DEHAT-ATA: A roll of betel leaves given to a priest. A respectful term for a quid of betel.DEHET-GOTUWA: Betel wrapped up in the leaf of some tree.DEKUMA: A present given to a chief or incumbent of a temple by a tenant when he makes his appearance annually or oftener, and consists of either money, or sweetmeats, or cloth, or arecanut-cutters, etc., according to the tenants trade or profession or according to his caste.DELIPIHIYA: A razor. One of the “atapirikara” or eight priestly requisitesviz., three robes an almsbowl, a needle case, a razor, a, girdle, and a filter.DEPOYA: The poya at full moon.DEWALAYA: A temple dedicated to some Hindu Deviyo or local divinity. The four principal dewala are those dedicated to Vishnu, Kataragama, Nata and Pattini Daviyo. There are others belonging to tutelary deities, such as the Maha Saman Dewalaya in Sabaragamuwa belonging to Saman Dewiyo the tutelary deviyo of Siripade, Alutunwara Dewale in the Kegalle District to Dedimundi-dewata-ban-dara, prime minister of Vishnu etc.DEWA-MANDIRAYA: Term in Sabaragamuwa for the “Maligawa” or sanctuary of a Dewale.DEWA-RUPAYA: The image of a Deviyo.DEWOL OR DEWOL-YAKUN: Foreign devils said to have come from beyond the seas and who according to tradition landed at the seaside village called Dewundare near Matara and proceeded thence to Sinigama near Hikkaduwa. Pilgrims resort to either place and perform there the vows made by them in times of sickness and distress.DIGGE: The porch of a Dewalaya. It is a building forming the ante-chamber to the Maligawa or sanctuary where the daily hewisi is performed and to which alone worshippers have access. It is a long hall, as its name signifies, and it is there that the dance of the women at festivals, called Digge-netima, takes place.DISSAWA: The ruler of a Province.DIWA-NILAME: Principal lay officer of the Dalada-maligawa. The term is supposed to have had its origin from the highest dignitary in the kingdom holding amongst other functions the office of watering the Srimahabodinvahanse or sacred Bo-tree in Anuradhapura,DIWEL: Hire orremunerationfor service.DIYAGE: A bath room. The putting up of temporary sheds, or the upkeep of permanent structures as well as supplying water, forms part of the menial services of the Uliamwasam tenants.DIYA-KACHCHIYA: Coarse cloth bathing dress which it is the duty of the dhobi to supply at the bath. It is also called Diyaredi or Diyapiruwata.DIYAKEPUMA: The ceremony of cutting water with golden swords by the Kapurala of the Dewale at the customary ford or pond at the close of the Perehera in July or August.DIYATOTA: The ford or ferry where the above ceremony is performed.DOLAWA: A palanquin.DOTALU-MAL: The flowers of the dotalu-tree, a small species of the arecanut-tree used in decorations.DUMMALA: Powdered resin used at a yak or bali ceremony to give brilliancy to the light.DUNUKARAWASAMA: The military class. Literally, archers. The lands forming the holding of the Dunukarawasam tenants. Their chief services at present are the carrying of letters and messages, keeping guard at the Walauwe (house) of the proprietor, watching the threshing floor, fetchingbuffaloesfor work and accompanying the proprietor on journeys of state bearing the mura awudaya (lance).DUNUMALE-PENUMA: The penuma (present) given in the mouth of Nawan (February) by tenants to the high priest of the Sripadastane (Adam’s Peak) so called after an incumbent of that name.DURUTUMASE: The tenth month of the Sinhalese year (January-February).DUREYA: A headman of the Wahumpura Badde or Paduwa caste. Also a general name for a palanquin bearer.DURAWASAMA: The office of Dureya or headman of the Durayi. The tenement of land held by their class. Their services resemble those of the Ganwasama the difference being that instead of cooked they give uncooked provisions, and vegetables or raw provisions instead of sweet-meats for the penuma to the landlord.EEBITTAYA: A Boy. A priest’s servant.EDANDA: A plank or trunk thrown across a stream. A log bridge.EHELA-GAHA: A post or tree set up at a Dawale at a lucky hour in the month of Ehela as a preliminary to the Perahera. Compare the English May-pole.EHELA-PEREHARA:VidePerahera.ELAWALUKADA: A pingo of vegetables, which is the penuma given to proprietors by the tenants of the lower castes.ELWI: A kind of paddy grown on all hill sides under dry cultivation.EMBETTAYA: A barber.EMBULKETTA: A kitchen knife. It is the penuma given by blacksmith tenants.ETIRILLA: Cloth spread on chairs or other seats out of respect to a guest or headman. (Clough) It is the service of a dhobi tenant.ETULKATTALAYA: The inner room or sanctuary of a Dewale, called also the Maligawa and Dewamandiraya. The term is also applied to all the officers having duties in the sanctuary, such as Kapurala, Batwadanarala, Wattorurala, etc.GGAHONI: Ornamental covers made of cloth to throw over penuma.GALBEMMA: Stone-wall. Rampart.GAL-LADDA: A smith. A stonemason.GAL-ORUWA: A stone trough for water, called also Katharama.GAMANMURE: A turn of attendance at festivals, which in the of case tenants living in remote villages is frequently commuted for a fee. Hence the term.GAMARALA: The headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant.GAMMADUWA-DA: The day of an almsgiving at a Dewale to conciliate the Deviyo in times of sickness.GAMMIRIS: Pepper corn.GANWASAMA: Sometimes written Gammasama. The tenement held by a Ganwasama, the superior class of tenants in a village. Their panguwa supplies the proprietor with persons eligible for appointment to the subordinate offices in a village such as Vidane, Lekama, and Kankanama. The Ganwasama people are often of the same social standing as the proprietor and sometimes are related to him. They are generally the wealthiest people in the village and hold the most fertile lands. Consequently they have to make heavy contributions in the shape of adukku and pehidum to the proprietor and his retinue on his periodical visits, to his officers coming on duty and to his messengers dispatched with orders to tenants. They also have to give the Mahakat monthly, the Penumkat at festivals, and Dankat during Was, and to feed the workmen in the Muttettuwa and officers superintending the work. In the same manner as the Uliyam-wasama has to provide all the ordinary labour in a village so the Ganwasama has to provide all that is required for strangers visiting the village and generally to discharge the duties of hospitality for which the Kandyan villages are celebrated. This entails upon the Ganwasama the necessity of setting apart a place called the Idange for lodging strangers. The whole charge of the Muttettu work devolves on the Ganwasama which also has to superintend and assist in building work at the proprietor’s house attend,at his house on festive and other occasions in times of sickness and at funerals bringing penumkat and provisions. A Ganwasama tenant has to accompany the proprietor on his journeys on public occasions, and to guard his house in his absence. A woman of the panguwa has likewise to wait on the lady of the house and to accompany her on journeys. The Ganwasama takes the lead in the annual presentation of the tenants before the proprietor. In temple villages, in addition to the above services performed to the lay chief, the Ganwasama has to superintend and take part in the preparations for, and celebration of, the festivals.GANGATAYA: The leg of an animal killed in the chase given to the proprietor of the land. Sometimes more than one leg is given.GANLADDA: An owner of land. Sometimes applied to small proprietors, and sometimes to proprietors of inferior castes,e. g., the proprietors of the village Kotaketana (smiths and wood-carvers) are always so styled.GANMURE: Watching at a temple, or the period of service there taken in turns by villages.GANNILE: The service field in a village held by the Gammahe or the village headman for the time being. Field held by a small proprietor and cultivated for him by his tenants.GANPANDURA: Tribute for land. Ground rent.GAN-PAYINDAKARAYA: A messenger under an inferior headman.GARA-YAKUMA: A devil dance performed in some districts at the close of important undertakings such as construction of buildings at the close of the Perehera for the elephants, etc.GEBARALA: A storekeeper whose duty it is to measure the paddy, rice, oil etc., received into and issued out of a temple gabadawa (store).GEWATU-PANAMA: Payment for gardens. Garden rent, as the name implies, originally a fanam.GIKIYANA-PANGUWA: Tenement held by tenants whose service consists in singing at Dewale on “Kenmura” days and on festivals, and in the performance of the Digge-netima, which latter is a service performed by women. The songs generally relate to the exploits of the Dewiyo. The men sing and play on cymbals, drums, etc., and the women dance. The ordinary tom-tom-beater is not allowed to play for dancers of this class, which is supposed to be of Tamil origin.GILANPASA: The evening meal of Buddhists priests restricted to drinkables, as tea, coffee, etc. solid food is prohibited after noon-day.GODA-OTU: Literally, tax on high lands. Tax on chenas.GODAPADDA: A messenger under a headman of the low-castes. The term is in use in the Matale Districts.GORAKA: The fruit of the gamboge tree dried. It imparts to food a delicate acid, and is chiefly used in seasoning fish.GOYIGANAWA: Smoothing the bed of a field, being the last process preparatory to sowing.GURULETTUWA: A goglet.HHAKDURE: A service of blowing the conch-shell or horn in the daily service of a Dewalaya.HAKGEDIYA: A chank. A conch-shell.HAKPALIHA: The carrying of the conch-shell and shield in procession which forms one of the services of the tenants of temple villages.HAKURU-ESSA: A cake of jaggery. Half a “mula” (packet).HAKURUKETAYA: A ball of jaggery. It is of no definite size.HAKURUMULA: A packet of two cakes of jaggery.HAKURUPATTAYA: Balls of jaggery wrapped up in the sheath of the branch of an arecanut tree.HALUPAINDAYA: Officer in charge of the sacred vestments of a Dewale.HAMBA: Paddy belonging to a temple of the king.HAMBA-ATUWA: The granary belonging to a temple or the king.HAMUDA-WALE-MURAYA: The mura by tenants of Pidawiligam under the Dalada Maligawa.HANGIDIYA: A head-smith.HANGALA: The piru-wataya (lent-cloth) given by dhobies to Kapuwo and Yakdesso.HANNALIYA: A tailor; large Dewala and Wihara establishments have tenants to sew and stitch the sacred vestments, curtains, flags, etc., and to assist in decorating the car.HARASKADAYA: A cross stick in an arch, supplied by tenants for decorations at festivals.HATMALUWA:A curry made of seven kinds of vegetables and offered with rice at a Bali ceremony.HATTIYA: A hat shaped talipot carried on journeys by female attendants of ladies, answering the double purpose of a hat and an umbrella.HAYA-PEHINDUMA: Provisions given to a temple or person of rank, consisting of six neli (seru) of rice and condiments in proportion.HELAYA: A piece of cloth of twelve cubits.HELIYA: A large round vessel with a wide mouth for boiling rice, paddy, etc.HEMA-KADA: Food offering in a Dewala similar to the Ahara-pujawa at a Vihare. It is carried by the proper Kapurala, called Kattiyana-rala, pingo-fashion, and delivered at the door of the sanctuary to the officiating Kapurala.HENDA-DURE: The evening hewisi (music) at a Dewale.HENDUWA: Elephant-goad.HEPPUWA: A box, a basket. The term is in use in the Kegalle District in connection with a penuma of sweetmeats called Kevili-heppuwa just as in other Districts it is called Kevili-pettiya.HEWAMUDALA: Payment in lieu of the services of a tenant of the Hewasam or military class.HEWAWASAMA: The tenement held by the Hewawasama. The military class. Their services at present are those of the Atapattuwasama and consist in carrying messages and letters etc., accompanying the proprietor on journeys, carrying his umbrella or talipot and keeping guard at halting places attending to the service of betel, guarding the proprietor’s house, watching threshing floors, attending at funerals and setting fire to the pyre. They present a penuma of sweetmeats and receive as funeralprerequisitesa suit of clothes. Persons of their wasama, as those of the Ganwasama, are chosen for subordinate offices.HEVENPEDURA: A mat made of a kind of rush.HEWISI-MANDAPPAYA: The court where the Hewisi (music) is performed in a Vihare corresponding to the Digge in a Dewale.HILDANE: The early morning meal of Buddhist priests, generally of rice-gruel.HILEKAN: Registers of fields.HIMILA: Money given by a proprietor as hire for buffaloes employed in ploughing and threshing crops.HIRAMANAYA: A cocoanut scraper. It is an article of penuma with blacksmith tenants.HIROHI-NETIMA: Called also Niroginetima. It is a dance at the procession returning from the Diyakepima of the Saragune Dewale in the Badulla District.HITIMURAYA: The turn for being on guard at a temple or a chief’s house. It consists generally of fifteen days at a time, nights included. The tenant both on entering upon and on leaving his muraya, appears before the incumbent or chief with the penuma of a roll of betel, and when on mure has the charge of the place and its property, clears and sweeps the premises, attends to ordinary repairs, fetches flowers in temples and goes on messages. He receives food from the temple.HIWEL: Coulters, the providing of which forms one of the services of a blacksmith tenant.HIWEL-ANDE: Cultivators’ share of the produce of a field being half of the crop after deducting the various payments called “Waraweri” which are (1) Bittara-wi (seed-padi), as much as had been sown and half as much as interest;(2) Deyyanne-wi, 4 or 5 laha of paddy set apart for the Dewiyo, or boiled into rice and distributed in alms to the poor; (3) Adipalla, the lower layers of the stacked paddy;(4) Peldora, the ears of com round the watchhut which together with Adipalla are the watcher’sprerequisites(5) Yakunewi, paddy set apart for a devil ceremony. Besides the above, “Akyala” (first-fruits) is offered to the Deviyo for special protection to the crop from vermin, flies, etc.HULAWALIYA: The headman of the Rodi. The Rodi tenants are very few in number and are found in but very few villages. They supply prepared leather for drums and ropes of hide halters, thongs and cords for cattle and bury carcases of dead animals found on the estate to which they belong.IIDANGE OR IDAMA: The principal building where visitors of rank are lodged in a village.IDINNA: Called also Usna. A smith’s forge.ILLATTATTUWA: A betel-tray. The penuma given by a tenant engaged incarpentryor by a carver in wood.ILMASA: The eighth month of the Sinhalese year (Nov. Dec.)IRATTUWA: A word of Tamil extraction and applied to a kind of native cloth originally made by the Mahabadde people and at present by the tom-tom beater caste.IRILENSUWA: A striped handkerchief given as a penuma by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.ISSARA: The individual share or strip of land in a range of fields cultivated by the shareholders in common.ITIPANDAMA: A wax candle.ITIWADALA: A lump of wax. In the honey-producing jungle districts as Nuwarakalawiya, Matale North etc., honey and itiwadal are dues to which a proprietor is entitled.JJAMMAKKARAYA: A low-caste man. This is the sense in which the word is at present used in the Kandyan country but is proper meaning is a man of caste—of good birth.KKADA: A load divided into two portions of equal weight and tied to the two ends of a pole, which is balanced on the shoulder, called in Ceylon a “pingo” and in India a “bhangy.”KADAKETTA: a razor.KADAPAIYA: A long bag or purse called also Olonguwa.KADA-RAJAKARIYA: A pingo-load of village supplies given to the king by the Ganwasam. The Gamarala had to deliver it in person in Kandy. The chiefs, lands exempted from tax for loyalty to the British Government were not relieved of the pingo duty. (See proclamation of 21st November 1818, Clause 22).KAHADIYARA: Sprinkling water used by a Kapurala in ceremonies.KAHAMIRIS: Saffron and chillies.KAHATAPOTU: Bark of the saffron tree used in dyeing priests’ robes.KALAGEDIYA OR KALAYA: A pot, the ordinary vessel used by water-carriers.KALALA: Carpets, or mats made of a kind of fibre (Sanseviera Zeylanica.)KALANCHIYA: A Tamil word for an earthenware spitting pot.KALA-PANDAMA OR KILA-PANDAMA: A branched torch with generally three lights sometimes, sixseeATPANDAMA.KALAS: Earthenware lamps with stands for decorations.KAMMALA: A forge. A smithy.KAMMALKASI: Payment in lieu of service at the smithy.KAMATA: A threshing-floor.KANGAN: Black cloth given to attendants at funerals.KANHENDA: An ear-pick.KANKANAMA: An overseer.KANKARIYA: A devil ceremony.KANUWA: A post.KAPHITUNDAWASA: The day on which a pole is set up in a Dewale for the Perehera,seeEhelagaha.KAPURALA: A dewala-priest. The Office is hereditary.KARANDA: A tree, the twigs of which are in general use amongst Buddhist priests by way of tooth brushes. The village of Tittawelgoda has to supply annually 2000 of these tooth-brushes to the Dambulla monastery.KARANDU-HUNU: Chunam to offer with betel at the sanctuary.KARAKGEDIYA: A portable wicker basket for catching fish open at both ends and conical in shape used in shallow streams.KARAWALA: Dried fish, the usual penuma of Moor tenants.KARIYA KARANARALA: Officer second in rank to the Diwa Nilame in the Dalada Maligawa. The office is restricted to a few families and the appointment is in the hands of the Diwa Nilame, who receives a large fee for it at the yearly nomination. As the Diwa Nilame’s deputy, the Kariyakaranarala attends to all the business matters of the Maligawa and is entitled to valuable dues from subordinate headmen on appointment.KASAPEN: Young cocoanuts generally given as penuma.KATARAMA:Same as Galoruwa.KATBULATHURULU: Penuma consisting of pingoes and money with betel.KATGAHA: Sometimes called Kajjagaha. The same as Ehelagaha q.v.KATHAL: The pingo-loads of rice due to the king by way of the Crown dues on all lands cultivated with paddy, except those belonging to the Duggenewili people or class from which the King’s domestic servants were taken.KATMUDALA: Money payment in lieu of the above.KATTIYANAMURAYA: The turn for the tenant of a kapu family to perform the service of carrying from the multenge (Dewale kitchen) to the Maligawa (the sanctuary) the multen-kada or daily food offering.KATUKITUL: Wild prickly kitul the flowers of which are used in decorations.KATUPELALI: Rough screens made of branches as substitutes for walls in temporary buildings.KATU-PIHIYA: A small knife of the size of a penknife with a stylus to it.KAWANI: A kind of cloth.KATTIYA: A general term for a festival, but in particular applied to the festival of lights in Nov.-Dec. called Kattimangalaya.KEDAGAN: A palanquin fitted up (with sticks) for the occasion to take the insignia of a Deviyo in procession.KEHELMUWA: Flower of the plantain.KEKULHAL: Rice pounded from native paddy.KEKUNA-TEL: Common lamp oil extracted from the nuts of the Kekuna tree; the oil is largely used in illuminations at festivals and given as garden dues by tenants.KEMBERA: The beating of tom-toms on Kenmura days.KENDIYA-WEDAMAWIMA: The carrying in procession of the Rankendiya or sacred-vessel containing water after the Diyakepima.KENMURA: Wednesdays and Saturdays on which are held the regular services of a Dewale.KERAWALA: Half of a pingo. Half of a panguwa.KETIUDALU: Bill-hooks and hoes. Agricultural implements supplied by the proprietor for work in the Muttettu fields. He supplies the iron and the smith tenant makes the necessary implements, assisted by the nilawasam tenants who contribute the charcoal.KEVILI-HELIYA: A chatty of sweetmeats given as penuma.KEVILI-KADA: A pingo of sweetmeats given as penuma by high caste tenants.KEVILI-KIRIBAT: Sweetmeats and rice boiled in milk.KEVILI-HEPPUWA: See heppuwa.KEVILI-TATTUWA: See heppuwa.KEWUN: Cakes, sweetmeats.KEWUN-KESELKAN: Sweetmeats and ripe plantains.KILLOTAYA: A chunam-box given as a penuma by smith tenants.KINISSA: A ladle, a common cocoanut spoon.KIRI-AHARA OR KIRIBAT: Rice boiled in milk and served on festive occasions.KIRIMETI: Pipe-clay. The supplying and preparation of clay for the Badaheleya (potter) when making bricks and tiles for a proprietor forms one of the duties of every tenant of a temple village, and of the tenants of the Nila or Uliyam pangu in a chief’s village.KIRIUTURANA-MANGALYAYA: The ceremony of boiling milk at a Dewale generally at the Sinhalese new year and after a Diyakepima.KITUL-ANDA-MURE: The half share of the toddy of all kitul trees tapped, which is the due of the proprietor. The trees are tapped by Wahumpura tenants by who are also called Hakuro, and the toddy is converted into the syrup from which hakuru (jaggery) is made.KITUL-PENI-MUDIYA: A small quantity of kitul syrup carried in a leaf and served out to tenants in mura.KODI: Flags.KOLALANU: Cords for tying sheaves.KÔLAN: Masks worn in dancing in Dewala festivals.KOLMURA: A rehearsal at the Nata Dewala by the Uliyakkarayo before the Perehera starts.KOMBUWA: A bugle, a horn. It is blown at the Tewawa or service at a Dewale. There arespecialtenants for this service.KORAHA: A large wide-mouthed chatty used as a basin.KONA: The year’s end. The Sinhalese new year (April).KOTAHALU: The cloth worn by a young female arriving at puberty, which is the perquisite of the family dhobi, with other presents given at the festivities held on theoccasion.KOTALE: An earthenware vessel with a spout given as a penuma by the potter to petty officers.KOTTALBADDE VIDANE: The headman of smith villages.KOVAYA: An earthenware crucible. A socket for candles.KOVILA: A small temple. A minor Dewale.KÛDE: A basket to remove earth, sand, etc.KUDAYA: An umbrella.KUDAMASSAN: Small fishes cured for curry.KULU: Winnowing fans made of bamboo.KUMBAL-PEREHERA: Preliminary Perehera at a Dewale when the insignia are carried in procession round the inner Court for five days, followed by the Dewale Perehera for five days twice a day round the Widiya, and the Randoli or Maha Perehera for five days.KUMBAYA: A post, a pole for arches in decorations.KUMARIHAMILLA: Ladies of rank.KUMARA-TALA-ATTA: A talipot of state. An ornamental talipot carried in processions by tenants of superior grade.KUNAMA: The palanquin carried in procession at the Perehera containing inside the insignia of a Deviyo. It is also called Randoliya.KURUMBA: The same as Kasapen.KURU: Hair-pins.KURU-KANDA: A candle stick made of clay, called also Kotvilakkuwa.KURAPAYIYA: The same as Kadapayiya.KURUNIYA: One eighth of a bushel or four seer.KURUWITALE: Spear used at elephant kraals.KUSALANA: A cup.

APPENDIX.GLOSSARY OF SINHALESE FOLK TERMS APPEARING IN THE SERVICE TENURE REGISTER (1872.)AABARANA: Insignia of a Deviyo; vessels of gold and silver, etc., in a Dewala.ADAPPAYA: Headman amongst the Moors; a term of respect used in addressing an elder.ADHAHANA-MALUWA: A place of cremation; especially the place where the bodies of the kings of Kandy were burnt and where their ashes were buried.ADIKARAMA: An officer of the Kataragama Dewala next in rank to the Basnayake Nilame.ADIPALLA OR WARUPALLA: The lower layers of the stacked paddy on the threshing floor allowed to the watcher as a perquisite.ADUKKU: Cooked provisions given to headmen or persons of rank.ADUKKU-WALANKADA:A pingo of earthenware vessels for cooking or carrying food for headmen, etc.AGAS: First-fruits; ears of paddy cut as alut-sal, i.e., for the thanksgiving at the harvest home.AHARA-PUJAWA: The daily offering of food in a Vihare; before noon the mid-day meal is carried to the Vihare, and placed in front of the image of Buddha; it is then removed to the refectory or pansala, where it is consumed by the priests or by the servitors.AHAS-KAMBE: The tight-rope (literally air-rope) used for rope-dancing which is a service of certain tenants of the Badulla Dewale.AKYALA:Contribution of rice or paddy on the occasion of a procession at a Dewala; first fruits offered for protection of the crop by the Deviyo.ALATTIBEMA: A ceremony performed at the door of the sanctuary in a Dewale; the waving to and fro of an oil lamp by females, who repeat the while in an undertone the word ayu-bowa, long life (lit. may your years increase).ALGA-RAJAKARIYA: Service at the loom.ALAGU: A mark to assist the memory in calculation (Clough); a tally,e. g.in counting cocoanuts one is generally put aside out of each 100; those thus put aside are called alagu.ALIANDURA: The morning music at a temple.ALLASA: A present, a bribe, a fee paid on obtaining a maruwena-panguwa.ALUT-AWRUDU-MANGALYAYA: Festival of the Sinhalese new year; it falls in the early part of April.ALUT-SAL-MANGALYAYA: The festival of the first fruits; the harvest home.ALWALA-REDDA: A cloth fresh from the loom.AMARAGE OR AMBARAGE: Covered walk or passage between a Dewala and the Wahalkada or porch.AMUNA: A dam or anicut across a stream; a measure of dry grain equal to about 4–1/2 bushels, sometimes 5 bushels.ANAMESTRAYA: A shed in which to keep lights during festivals. In some temples these sheds are built permanently all round the widiya or outer court; in others they were mere temporary structures to protect the lights from wind and rain.ANDE: Ground share given to a proprietor.ANDU-GIRAKETTA: An arecanut-cutter of the shape of a pair of pincers; it forms the penuma or annual offering of the blacksmiths to their lord.ANKELIYA: The ceremony of pulling horns or forked sticks to propitiate Pattini-deviyo in times of epidemics; according to ancient legends, it was a pastime at which the Deviyo and her husband Palanga took sides. They are said to have emulated each other in picking flowers with the forked sticks the husband standing at the top and the wife at the foot of a tree. The ankeliya as its name imports partakes more of the nature of a village sport than of a religious ceremony. There are two sides engaged, called theuda and yati-pil. It is conducted in a central spot in the midst of a group of villages set apart for theparticularpurpose, called anpitiya, and commenced on a lucky day after the usual invocation by the Kapurala, who brings with him to the spot the Halan a kind of bracelet the insignia of the Deviyo. The two Pil select each its own horn or forked stick; the horns or sticks are then entwined—one is tied to a stake or tree, and the other is tied to a rope, which is pulled by the two parties till one or other of the horns or sticks breaks. The Pila which owns the broken horn is considered to have lost, and has to undergo the jeers and derision of the winning party. If the Yatipila which is patronized by the Deviyo (Pattini) wins, it is regarded as a good omen for the removal or subsidence of the epidemic. The ceremony closes with a triumphal procession to the nearest Dewale. A family belongs hereditarily to one or the other of the two Pil.ANPITIYA: The spot or place where the above ceremony is performed.ANUMETIRALA:A respectful term for a Kapurala, one through whom the pleasure of the Deviyo is known.ANUNAYAKA UNNANSE: A priest next in rank to a Maha-Nayaka or chief priest, the sub-prior of a monastery.APPALLAYA: The earthen ware vessel flatter than an atale,q. v.ARALU: Gall-nuts.ARAMUDALA: Treasury, or the contents of a treasury; the reserve fund.ARANGUWA: An ornamental arch decorated with flowers or tender leaves of the cocoanut tree.ARA-SALAWA OR BOJANASALAWA:Refectory.ARRIKALA: One-eighth portion.ASANA-REDI: Coverings of an asanaya; altar cloth.ASANAYA:Throne, altar, seat of honor.ATALE: A small earthenware-pot usually used in bathing.ATPANDAMA: A light carried in the hand, formed generally of a brass cup at the end of a stick about two feet long. The cup is filled with tow and oil.ATAPATTU-WASAMA: The messenger class. A holding held by the atapattu people. The service due from this class is the carrying of messages, keeping guard over treasure or a temple or chief’s house, and carrying in procession state umbrellas, swords of office etc., watching threshing floors and accompanying the proprietor on journeys.ATAPATTU MOHOTTALA: Writer over the messenger class.ATAWAKA: The eighth day before and after the full moon. The first is called Pura-atavaka and the second Ava-atavaka.ATTANAYAKARALA: Custodian; storekeeper; overseer corresponding in rank to Wannakurala,q.v.ATUGE: A temporary shed or outhouse for a privy.ATUPANDALAYA: A temporary shed or booth made of leaves and branches.ATUWA: Granary.AWALIYA: The same as Hunduwa or Perawa, which is one-fourth of a seer.AWATEWAKIRIMA:Ministration; Daily service at a Dewala.AWATTA:An ornamental talipot used as an umbrella.AWULPAT: Sweetmeats taken at the end of a meal.AWRUDU-PANTIYA: New year festival, a term in use in the Kurunegala District.AWRUDU-WATTORUWA: A chit given by the astrologer shewing the hour when the new year commences, and its prognostics.AYUBOWA: “Live for years”, a word used by way of chorus to recitals at Bali ceremonies.BBADAHELA-PANGUWA: The tenement of land held by a potter. His service consists of supplying a proprietor with all the requisite earthenware for his house and bath, and his lodgings on journeys, for his muttettuwa, for cooking, and for soaking seed paddy, for festivals, Yak and Bali ceremonies, weddings, etc. The supplying of tiles and bricks and keeping the roof of tiled houses waterproof, giving penumwalan to tenants for the penumkat, and making clay lamps, and kalas for temples. The potter also makes a present of chatties as his penum to proprietor and petty officers. When the quantity of bricks and tiles to be supplied is large, the proprietor finds the kiln, shed, clay and firewood. Kumbala is another name by which a potter is known.BADAL-PANGUWA: The holding held by smiths, called likewise Nawan-panguwa. Under the general term are included:Achari (blacksmiths),Lokuruwo (braziers) and Badallu (silver or gold smiths).The blacksmith supplies nails for roofing houses, hinges, locks, and keys for doors, all kitchen utensils, agricultural implements, and tools for felling and converting timber. His penuma consists of arecanut cutters, chunam boxes, ear and tooth picks, at the forge he is given the services of a tenant to blow the bellows, and when employed out of his house he is given his food. The Lokuruwa mends all brass and copper-vessels of a temple, and generally takes part in the service of the other smiths. The silver and goldsmiths work for the proprietor in their special craft when wanted, and in temples mend and polish all the sacred vessels, do engraving and carving work, decorate the Rate (car of the deviyo) and remain on guard there during the Perahera, attend at the Kaphitawima, and supply the silver rim for the Ehala-gaha. The goldsmiths present penum of silver rings, carved betel boxes, ornamental arrow-heads, etc. The smith tenant also attends and assists at the smelting of iron. In consideration of the value of the service of a smith, he generally holds a large extent of fertile land.BAGE: A division; a term used in Sabaragamuwa for a number of villages of a Dewala in charge of a Vidane.BAKMASA: The first month of the Sinhalese year (April-May).BALIBAT NETIMA: A devil-dance performed for five days after the close of the Perahera by a class of persons superior to the ordinary yakdesso (devil dancers) and called Balibat Gammehela, supposed to be descendants of emigrants from the Coast.BALI-EDURO: The persons who make the clay images for, and dance at, a Bali-maduwa which is a ceremony performed to propitiate the planets. The performance of Bali ceremonies is one of the principal services of tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.BALI-EMBIMA:The making of images for a Bali ceremony.BALI-ERIMA: The performance of the above ceremony. Note the peculiar expression Bali arinawa not Karanawa.BALI-KATIRA: Sticks or supports against which the images at a Bali ceremony are placed.BALI-TIYANNO: Same as Bali-eduro.BAMBA-NETIMA: In the processions at a Diya-kepima there is carried a wickerwork frame made to represent a giant (some say Brahma); a man walks inside this frame and carries it along exactly in the same way as “Jack-in-the green.” The service of carrying it in procession is called Bambanetima.BAMBARA-PENI: Honey of one of the large bees. A pingo of this honey is given to the proprietor of the lands in which it is collected.BANA-MADUWA: A large temporary shed put up for reading Bana during Waskalaya,q. v.BANA-SALAWA: A permanent edifice attached to a wihare for reading Bana.BANDARA: Belonging to the palace. It is now used of any proprietor, whether lay or clerical,e. g., Bandara-atuwa means the proprietor’s granary.BANKALA WIYANA: A decorated cloth or curtain, so called, it is supposed, from being imported from Bengal.BARAKOLAN: Large masks representing Kataragama Deviyo, used in dancing at the Dewala Perehara.BARAPEN: Remuneration given tocopyists. Hire given for important services, as the building of wihares, making of images, etc.BASNAYAKE NILAME: The lay chief or principal officer of a Dewale.BATAKOLA: The leaves of a small species of bamboo used for thatching buildings.BATGOTUWA: Boiled rice served out or wrapped up in a leaf. Boiled rice offered up at a Yak or Bali ceremony.BATTANARALA: The Kapurala who offers the multen (food offering).BATWADANARALA: The same as Battanarala.BATWALANDA: Earthenware vessel for boiling rice in. It is as large as a common pot but with a wider mouth.BATWALAN-HAKURU: Large cakes of jaggery of the shape of a “Batwalanda” generally made in Sabaragamuwa.BATWEDA: Work not done for hire, but for which the workmen receive food.BATWI: Paddy given by the proprietor as sustenance to a cultivator in lieu of food given during work.BEMMA: A Wall, a bank, a bund.BEHET-DIYA: A lotion made of lime juice and other acids mixed with perfumes for use at the Nanumura mangalyaya, when the priest washes the sacred reflection of the head of Buddha in a mirror held in front of the image for the purpose.BETMERALA: The officer in charge of a number of villages belonging to a temple, corresponding to a Vidane,q.v.BIN-ANDE: Ground share; Ground rent.BINARAMASA: The sixth month of the Sinhalese year (September-October).BINNEGUNWI: Paddy given as sustenance during ploughing time.BISOKAPA: See Ehelagaha. It is a term in use in the Kabulumulle Pattini Dewale in Hatara Korale.BISSA:A term in use in the Kegalle District for a granary round in shape, and of wickerwork daubed with mud.BINTARAM-OTU: Tax or payment in kind, being a quantity of paddy, equal to the full extent sown, as distinguished from half and other proportionate parts of the sowing extent levied from unfertile fields. Thus in an amuna of land the bintaram-otu is one amuna paddy.BODHIMALUWA: The Court round a bo-tree, called also Bomeda.BOJANA-SALAWA: The same as arasalava.BOLPEN: Water used at a temple for purposes of purification.BULAT-ATA: A roll of betel consisting of 40 leaves forming the common penuma to a proprietor at the annual festival corresponding to the old English rent day. It is a mark of submission and respect, and is therefore greatly valued.BULAT-HURULLA: A fee given to a chief or proprietor placed on a roll of betel. The fee given annually for a Maruvena panguwa.BULU: One of the three myrobalans (Clough).CCHAMARAYA: A fly-flapper, a yak’s tail fixed to a silver or other handle, used to keep flies off the insignia of a deviyo or persons of distinction.DDADAKUDAMAS: A compound word for meat and fish.DAGOBE OR DAGEBA: Lit. Relic chamber. A Buddhist mound or stupa of earth or brick sometimes faced with stone, containing generally a chamber in which is preserved a casket of relics.DALUMURE: A turn to supply betel for a temple or proprietor.DALUMURA-PANGUWA: The holding of tenants, whose special service is that of supplying weekly or fortnightly, and at the festivals, a certain quantity of betel leaves for the “dalumura-tewawa” immediately after the multen or “ahara-pujawa” and for the consumption by the officers or priests on duty.This service was one of great importance at the Court of the King, who had plantations of betel in different parts of the country, with a staff of officers, gardeners, and carriers. At present the tenants of this class in Ninda villages supply betel to the proprietor for consumption at his house and on journeys. In some service villages the betel is to be accompanied with a quantity of arecanuts.DALUPATHKARAYA: A sub-tenant; a garden tenant; one who has asweddumised land belonging to a mulpangukaraya. In some Districts the dalupathkaraya is called pelkaraya.DAMBU: Tow; rags for lights. The supplying of dambu at festivals in a temple or for a Bali ceremony at a chief’s house forms one of the principal services of a dhobi.DAN-ADUKKUWA: Food given by a tenant of a vihare land to the incumbent as distinguished from “dane” given to any priest for the sake of merit.DANDUMADUWA: A timber-shed; a timber room. Every temple establishment has an open long shed for timber and building materials etc., and its upkeep forms one of the duties of the tenants.DANE: Food given to priests for merit; alms: charity.DANGE: Kitchen of a Pansale.DANKADA: Pingo of food given to a priest.DARADIYARA: Fuel and water the supplying of which forms the service of the Uliyakkarawasam tenants.DASILIKAMA: An assistant to a Lekama or writer. The term is peculiar to Sabaragamuwa.DAWULA: The common drum.DAWULKARAYA: A tenant of the tom-tom beater caste, playing on a dawula at the daily service of a Vihare or a Dewale, and at the festivals.DAWUL-PANGUWA: The tenement held by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste. In temples their service comes under the kind called the Pita-kattale (out-door-service). At the daily tewawa, at festivals, at pinkam, and on journeys of the incumbent, they beat the hewisi (tom-toms). On their turn of duty in a temple, they have to watch the temple and its property, to sweep and clean the premises, to gather flowers for offerings, and to fetch bolpen (water for temple use). The services of a Hewisikaraya are required by a lay proprietor only occasionally for weddings, funerals, yak and bali ceremonies, and on state occasions. This class of persons is employed in weaving cloth, and their penuma consists of a taduppu cloth or lensuwa. In all respects the services of the Dawulkarayo resemble those of the Tammattankarayo, a portion of the same caste, but who beat the Tammattama instead of the Dawula.DEHAT-ATA: A roll of betel leaves given to a priest. A respectful term for a quid of betel.DEHET-GOTUWA: Betel wrapped up in the leaf of some tree.DEKUMA: A present given to a chief or incumbent of a temple by a tenant when he makes his appearance annually or oftener, and consists of either money, or sweetmeats, or cloth, or arecanut-cutters, etc., according to the tenants trade or profession or according to his caste.DELIPIHIYA: A razor. One of the “atapirikara” or eight priestly requisitesviz., three robes an almsbowl, a needle case, a razor, a, girdle, and a filter.DEPOYA: The poya at full moon.DEWALAYA: A temple dedicated to some Hindu Deviyo or local divinity. The four principal dewala are those dedicated to Vishnu, Kataragama, Nata and Pattini Daviyo. There are others belonging to tutelary deities, such as the Maha Saman Dewalaya in Sabaragamuwa belonging to Saman Dewiyo the tutelary deviyo of Siripade, Alutunwara Dewale in the Kegalle District to Dedimundi-dewata-ban-dara, prime minister of Vishnu etc.DEWA-MANDIRAYA: Term in Sabaragamuwa for the “Maligawa” or sanctuary of a Dewale.DEWA-RUPAYA: The image of a Deviyo.DEWOL OR DEWOL-YAKUN: Foreign devils said to have come from beyond the seas and who according to tradition landed at the seaside village called Dewundare near Matara and proceeded thence to Sinigama near Hikkaduwa. Pilgrims resort to either place and perform there the vows made by them in times of sickness and distress.DIGGE: The porch of a Dewalaya. It is a building forming the ante-chamber to the Maligawa or sanctuary where the daily hewisi is performed and to which alone worshippers have access. It is a long hall, as its name signifies, and it is there that the dance of the women at festivals, called Digge-netima, takes place.DISSAWA: The ruler of a Province.DIWA-NILAME: Principal lay officer of the Dalada-maligawa. The term is supposed to have had its origin from the highest dignitary in the kingdom holding amongst other functions the office of watering the Srimahabodinvahanse or sacred Bo-tree in Anuradhapura,DIWEL: Hire orremunerationfor service.DIYAGE: A bath room. The putting up of temporary sheds, or the upkeep of permanent structures as well as supplying water, forms part of the menial services of the Uliamwasam tenants.DIYA-KACHCHIYA: Coarse cloth bathing dress which it is the duty of the dhobi to supply at the bath. It is also called Diyaredi or Diyapiruwata.DIYAKEPUMA: The ceremony of cutting water with golden swords by the Kapurala of the Dewale at the customary ford or pond at the close of the Perehera in July or August.DIYATOTA: The ford or ferry where the above ceremony is performed.DOLAWA: A palanquin.DOTALU-MAL: The flowers of the dotalu-tree, a small species of the arecanut-tree used in decorations.DUMMALA: Powdered resin used at a yak or bali ceremony to give brilliancy to the light.DUNUKARAWASAMA: The military class. Literally, archers. The lands forming the holding of the Dunukarawasam tenants. Their chief services at present are the carrying of letters and messages, keeping guard at the Walauwe (house) of the proprietor, watching the threshing floor, fetchingbuffaloesfor work and accompanying the proprietor on journeys of state bearing the mura awudaya (lance).DUNUMALE-PENUMA: The penuma (present) given in the mouth of Nawan (February) by tenants to the high priest of the Sripadastane (Adam’s Peak) so called after an incumbent of that name.DURUTUMASE: The tenth month of the Sinhalese year (January-February).DUREYA: A headman of the Wahumpura Badde or Paduwa caste. Also a general name for a palanquin bearer.DURAWASAMA: The office of Dureya or headman of the Durayi. The tenement of land held by their class. Their services resemble those of the Ganwasama the difference being that instead of cooked they give uncooked provisions, and vegetables or raw provisions instead of sweet-meats for the penuma to the landlord.EEBITTAYA: A Boy. A priest’s servant.EDANDA: A plank or trunk thrown across a stream. A log bridge.EHELA-GAHA: A post or tree set up at a Dawale at a lucky hour in the month of Ehela as a preliminary to the Perahera. Compare the English May-pole.EHELA-PEREHARA:VidePerahera.ELAWALUKADA: A pingo of vegetables, which is the penuma given to proprietors by the tenants of the lower castes.ELWI: A kind of paddy grown on all hill sides under dry cultivation.EMBETTAYA: A barber.EMBULKETTA: A kitchen knife. It is the penuma given by blacksmith tenants.ETIRILLA: Cloth spread on chairs or other seats out of respect to a guest or headman. (Clough) It is the service of a dhobi tenant.ETULKATTALAYA: The inner room or sanctuary of a Dewale, called also the Maligawa and Dewamandiraya. The term is also applied to all the officers having duties in the sanctuary, such as Kapurala, Batwadanarala, Wattorurala, etc.GGAHONI: Ornamental covers made of cloth to throw over penuma.GALBEMMA: Stone-wall. Rampart.GAL-LADDA: A smith. A stonemason.GAL-ORUWA: A stone trough for water, called also Katharama.GAMANMURE: A turn of attendance at festivals, which in the of case tenants living in remote villages is frequently commuted for a fee. Hence the term.GAMARALA: The headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant.GAMMADUWA-DA: The day of an almsgiving at a Dewale to conciliate the Deviyo in times of sickness.GAMMIRIS: Pepper corn.GANWASAMA: Sometimes written Gammasama. The tenement held by a Ganwasama, the superior class of tenants in a village. Their panguwa supplies the proprietor with persons eligible for appointment to the subordinate offices in a village such as Vidane, Lekama, and Kankanama. The Ganwasama people are often of the same social standing as the proprietor and sometimes are related to him. They are generally the wealthiest people in the village and hold the most fertile lands. Consequently they have to make heavy contributions in the shape of adukku and pehidum to the proprietor and his retinue on his periodical visits, to his officers coming on duty and to his messengers dispatched with orders to tenants. They also have to give the Mahakat monthly, the Penumkat at festivals, and Dankat during Was, and to feed the workmen in the Muttettuwa and officers superintending the work. In the same manner as the Uliyam-wasama has to provide all the ordinary labour in a village so the Ganwasama has to provide all that is required for strangers visiting the village and generally to discharge the duties of hospitality for which the Kandyan villages are celebrated. This entails upon the Ganwasama the necessity of setting apart a place called the Idange for lodging strangers. The whole charge of the Muttettu work devolves on the Ganwasama which also has to superintend and assist in building work at the proprietor’s house attend,at his house on festive and other occasions in times of sickness and at funerals bringing penumkat and provisions. A Ganwasama tenant has to accompany the proprietor on his journeys on public occasions, and to guard his house in his absence. A woman of the panguwa has likewise to wait on the lady of the house and to accompany her on journeys. The Ganwasama takes the lead in the annual presentation of the tenants before the proprietor. In temple villages, in addition to the above services performed to the lay chief, the Ganwasama has to superintend and take part in the preparations for, and celebration of, the festivals.GANGATAYA: The leg of an animal killed in the chase given to the proprietor of the land. Sometimes more than one leg is given.GANLADDA: An owner of land. Sometimes applied to small proprietors, and sometimes to proprietors of inferior castes,e. g., the proprietors of the village Kotaketana (smiths and wood-carvers) are always so styled.GANMURE: Watching at a temple, or the period of service there taken in turns by villages.GANNILE: The service field in a village held by the Gammahe or the village headman for the time being. Field held by a small proprietor and cultivated for him by his tenants.GANPANDURA: Tribute for land. Ground rent.GAN-PAYINDAKARAYA: A messenger under an inferior headman.GARA-YAKUMA: A devil dance performed in some districts at the close of important undertakings such as construction of buildings at the close of the Perehera for the elephants, etc.GEBARALA: A storekeeper whose duty it is to measure the paddy, rice, oil etc., received into and issued out of a temple gabadawa (store).GEWATU-PANAMA: Payment for gardens. Garden rent, as the name implies, originally a fanam.GIKIYANA-PANGUWA: Tenement held by tenants whose service consists in singing at Dewale on “Kenmura” days and on festivals, and in the performance of the Digge-netima, which latter is a service performed by women. The songs generally relate to the exploits of the Dewiyo. The men sing and play on cymbals, drums, etc., and the women dance. The ordinary tom-tom-beater is not allowed to play for dancers of this class, which is supposed to be of Tamil origin.GILANPASA: The evening meal of Buddhists priests restricted to drinkables, as tea, coffee, etc. solid food is prohibited after noon-day.GODA-OTU: Literally, tax on high lands. Tax on chenas.GODAPADDA: A messenger under a headman of the low-castes. The term is in use in the Matale Districts.GORAKA: The fruit of the gamboge tree dried. It imparts to food a delicate acid, and is chiefly used in seasoning fish.GOYIGANAWA: Smoothing the bed of a field, being the last process preparatory to sowing.GURULETTUWA: A goglet.HHAKDURE: A service of blowing the conch-shell or horn in the daily service of a Dewalaya.HAKGEDIYA: A chank. A conch-shell.HAKPALIHA: The carrying of the conch-shell and shield in procession which forms one of the services of the tenants of temple villages.HAKURU-ESSA: A cake of jaggery. Half a “mula” (packet).HAKURUKETAYA: A ball of jaggery. It is of no definite size.HAKURUMULA: A packet of two cakes of jaggery.HAKURUPATTAYA: Balls of jaggery wrapped up in the sheath of the branch of an arecanut tree.HALUPAINDAYA: Officer in charge of the sacred vestments of a Dewale.HAMBA: Paddy belonging to a temple of the king.HAMBA-ATUWA: The granary belonging to a temple or the king.HAMUDA-WALE-MURAYA: The mura by tenants of Pidawiligam under the Dalada Maligawa.HANGIDIYA: A head-smith.HANGALA: The piru-wataya (lent-cloth) given by dhobies to Kapuwo and Yakdesso.HANNALIYA: A tailor; large Dewala and Wihara establishments have tenants to sew and stitch the sacred vestments, curtains, flags, etc., and to assist in decorating the car.HARASKADAYA: A cross stick in an arch, supplied by tenants for decorations at festivals.HATMALUWA:A curry made of seven kinds of vegetables and offered with rice at a Bali ceremony.HATTIYA: A hat shaped talipot carried on journeys by female attendants of ladies, answering the double purpose of a hat and an umbrella.HAYA-PEHINDUMA: Provisions given to a temple or person of rank, consisting of six neli (seru) of rice and condiments in proportion.HELAYA: A piece of cloth of twelve cubits.HELIYA: A large round vessel with a wide mouth for boiling rice, paddy, etc.HEMA-KADA: Food offering in a Dewala similar to the Ahara-pujawa at a Vihare. It is carried by the proper Kapurala, called Kattiyana-rala, pingo-fashion, and delivered at the door of the sanctuary to the officiating Kapurala.HENDA-DURE: The evening hewisi (music) at a Dewale.HENDUWA: Elephant-goad.HEPPUWA: A box, a basket. The term is in use in the Kegalle District in connection with a penuma of sweetmeats called Kevili-heppuwa just as in other Districts it is called Kevili-pettiya.HEWAMUDALA: Payment in lieu of the services of a tenant of the Hewasam or military class.HEWAWASAMA: The tenement held by the Hewawasama. The military class. Their services at present are those of the Atapattuwasama and consist in carrying messages and letters etc., accompanying the proprietor on journeys, carrying his umbrella or talipot and keeping guard at halting places attending to the service of betel, guarding the proprietor’s house, watching threshing floors, attending at funerals and setting fire to the pyre. They present a penuma of sweetmeats and receive as funeralprerequisitesa suit of clothes. Persons of their wasama, as those of the Ganwasama, are chosen for subordinate offices.HEVENPEDURA: A mat made of a kind of rush.HEWISI-MANDAPPAYA: The court where the Hewisi (music) is performed in a Vihare corresponding to the Digge in a Dewale.HILDANE: The early morning meal of Buddhist priests, generally of rice-gruel.HILEKAN: Registers of fields.HIMILA: Money given by a proprietor as hire for buffaloes employed in ploughing and threshing crops.HIRAMANAYA: A cocoanut scraper. It is an article of penuma with blacksmith tenants.HIROHI-NETIMA: Called also Niroginetima. It is a dance at the procession returning from the Diyakepima of the Saragune Dewale in the Badulla District.HITIMURAYA: The turn for being on guard at a temple or a chief’s house. It consists generally of fifteen days at a time, nights included. The tenant both on entering upon and on leaving his muraya, appears before the incumbent or chief with the penuma of a roll of betel, and when on mure has the charge of the place and its property, clears and sweeps the premises, attends to ordinary repairs, fetches flowers in temples and goes on messages. He receives food from the temple.HIWEL: Coulters, the providing of which forms one of the services of a blacksmith tenant.HIWEL-ANDE: Cultivators’ share of the produce of a field being half of the crop after deducting the various payments called “Waraweri” which are (1) Bittara-wi (seed-padi), as much as had been sown and half as much as interest;(2) Deyyanne-wi, 4 or 5 laha of paddy set apart for the Dewiyo, or boiled into rice and distributed in alms to the poor; (3) Adipalla, the lower layers of the stacked paddy;(4) Peldora, the ears of com round the watchhut which together with Adipalla are the watcher’sprerequisites(5) Yakunewi, paddy set apart for a devil ceremony. Besides the above, “Akyala” (first-fruits) is offered to the Deviyo for special protection to the crop from vermin, flies, etc.HULAWALIYA: The headman of the Rodi. The Rodi tenants are very few in number and are found in but very few villages. They supply prepared leather for drums and ropes of hide halters, thongs and cords for cattle and bury carcases of dead animals found on the estate to which they belong.IIDANGE OR IDAMA: The principal building where visitors of rank are lodged in a village.IDINNA: Called also Usna. A smith’s forge.ILLATTATTUWA: A betel-tray. The penuma given by a tenant engaged incarpentryor by a carver in wood.ILMASA: The eighth month of the Sinhalese year (Nov. Dec.)IRATTUWA: A word of Tamil extraction and applied to a kind of native cloth originally made by the Mahabadde people and at present by the tom-tom beater caste.IRILENSUWA: A striped handkerchief given as a penuma by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.ISSARA: The individual share or strip of land in a range of fields cultivated by the shareholders in common.ITIPANDAMA: A wax candle.ITIWADALA: A lump of wax. In the honey-producing jungle districts as Nuwarakalawiya, Matale North etc., honey and itiwadal are dues to which a proprietor is entitled.JJAMMAKKARAYA: A low-caste man. This is the sense in which the word is at present used in the Kandyan country but is proper meaning is a man of caste—of good birth.KKADA: A load divided into two portions of equal weight and tied to the two ends of a pole, which is balanced on the shoulder, called in Ceylon a “pingo” and in India a “bhangy.”KADAKETTA: a razor.KADAPAIYA: A long bag or purse called also Olonguwa.KADA-RAJAKARIYA: A pingo-load of village supplies given to the king by the Ganwasam. The Gamarala had to deliver it in person in Kandy. The chiefs, lands exempted from tax for loyalty to the British Government were not relieved of the pingo duty. (See proclamation of 21st November 1818, Clause 22).KAHADIYARA: Sprinkling water used by a Kapurala in ceremonies.KAHAMIRIS: Saffron and chillies.KAHATAPOTU: Bark of the saffron tree used in dyeing priests’ robes.KALAGEDIYA OR KALAYA: A pot, the ordinary vessel used by water-carriers.KALALA: Carpets, or mats made of a kind of fibre (Sanseviera Zeylanica.)KALANCHIYA: A Tamil word for an earthenware spitting pot.KALA-PANDAMA OR KILA-PANDAMA: A branched torch with generally three lights sometimes, sixseeATPANDAMA.KALAS: Earthenware lamps with stands for decorations.KAMMALA: A forge. A smithy.KAMMALKASI: Payment in lieu of service at the smithy.KAMATA: A threshing-floor.KANGAN: Black cloth given to attendants at funerals.KANHENDA: An ear-pick.KANKANAMA: An overseer.KANKARIYA: A devil ceremony.KANUWA: A post.KAPHITUNDAWASA: The day on which a pole is set up in a Dewale for the Perehera,seeEhelagaha.KAPURALA: A dewala-priest. The Office is hereditary.KARANDA: A tree, the twigs of which are in general use amongst Buddhist priests by way of tooth brushes. The village of Tittawelgoda has to supply annually 2000 of these tooth-brushes to the Dambulla monastery.KARANDU-HUNU: Chunam to offer with betel at the sanctuary.KARAKGEDIYA: A portable wicker basket for catching fish open at both ends and conical in shape used in shallow streams.KARAWALA: Dried fish, the usual penuma of Moor tenants.KARIYA KARANARALA: Officer second in rank to the Diwa Nilame in the Dalada Maligawa. The office is restricted to a few families and the appointment is in the hands of the Diwa Nilame, who receives a large fee for it at the yearly nomination. As the Diwa Nilame’s deputy, the Kariyakaranarala attends to all the business matters of the Maligawa and is entitled to valuable dues from subordinate headmen on appointment.KASAPEN: Young cocoanuts generally given as penuma.KATARAMA:Same as Galoruwa.KATBULATHURULU: Penuma consisting of pingoes and money with betel.KATGAHA: Sometimes called Kajjagaha. The same as Ehelagaha q.v.KATHAL: The pingo-loads of rice due to the king by way of the Crown dues on all lands cultivated with paddy, except those belonging to the Duggenewili people or class from which the King’s domestic servants were taken.KATMUDALA: Money payment in lieu of the above.KATTIYANAMURAYA: The turn for the tenant of a kapu family to perform the service of carrying from the multenge (Dewale kitchen) to the Maligawa (the sanctuary) the multen-kada or daily food offering.KATUKITUL: Wild prickly kitul the flowers of which are used in decorations.KATUPELALI: Rough screens made of branches as substitutes for walls in temporary buildings.KATU-PIHIYA: A small knife of the size of a penknife with a stylus to it.KAWANI: A kind of cloth.KATTIYA: A general term for a festival, but in particular applied to the festival of lights in Nov.-Dec. called Kattimangalaya.KEDAGAN: A palanquin fitted up (with sticks) for the occasion to take the insignia of a Deviyo in procession.KEHELMUWA: Flower of the plantain.KEKULHAL: Rice pounded from native paddy.KEKUNA-TEL: Common lamp oil extracted from the nuts of the Kekuna tree; the oil is largely used in illuminations at festivals and given as garden dues by tenants.KEMBERA: The beating of tom-toms on Kenmura days.KENDIYA-WEDAMAWIMA: The carrying in procession of the Rankendiya or sacred-vessel containing water after the Diyakepima.KENMURA: Wednesdays and Saturdays on which are held the regular services of a Dewale.KERAWALA: Half of a pingo. Half of a panguwa.KETIUDALU: Bill-hooks and hoes. Agricultural implements supplied by the proprietor for work in the Muttettu fields. He supplies the iron and the smith tenant makes the necessary implements, assisted by the nilawasam tenants who contribute the charcoal.KEVILI-HELIYA: A chatty of sweetmeats given as penuma.KEVILI-KADA: A pingo of sweetmeats given as penuma by high caste tenants.KEVILI-KIRIBAT: Sweetmeats and rice boiled in milk.KEVILI-HEPPUWA: See heppuwa.KEVILI-TATTUWA: See heppuwa.KEWUN: Cakes, sweetmeats.KEWUN-KESELKAN: Sweetmeats and ripe plantains.KILLOTAYA: A chunam-box given as a penuma by smith tenants.KINISSA: A ladle, a common cocoanut spoon.KIRI-AHARA OR KIRIBAT: Rice boiled in milk and served on festive occasions.KIRIMETI: Pipe-clay. The supplying and preparation of clay for the Badaheleya (potter) when making bricks and tiles for a proprietor forms one of the duties of every tenant of a temple village, and of the tenants of the Nila or Uliyam pangu in a chief’s village.KIRIUTURANA-MANGALYAYA: The ceremony of boiling milk at a Dewale generally at the Sinhalese new year and after a Diyakepima.KITUL-ANDA-MURE: The half share of the toddy of all kitul trees tapped, which is the due of the proprietor. The trees are tapped by Wahumpura tenants by who are also called Hakuro, and the toddy is converted into the syrup from which hakuru (jaggery) is made.KITUL-PENI-MUDIYA: A small quantity of kitul syrup carried in a leaf and served out to tenants in mura.KODI: Flags.KOLALANU: Cords for tying sheaves.KÔLAN: Masks worn in dancing in Dewala festivals.KOLMURA: A rehearsal at the Nata Dewala by the Uliyakkarayo before the Perehera starts.KOMBUWA: A bugle, a horn. It is blown at the Tewawa or service at a Dewale. There arespecialtenants for this service.KORAHA: A large wide-mouthed chatty used as a basin.KONA: The year’s end. The Sinhalese new year (April).KOTAHALU: The cloth worn by a young female arriving at puberty, which is the perquisite of the family dhobi, with other presents given at the festivities held on theoccasion.KOTALE: An earthenware vessel with a spout given as a penuma by the potter to petty officers.KOTTALBADDE VIDANE: The headman of smith villages.KOVAYA: An earthenware crucible. A socket for candles.KOVILA: A small temple. A minor Dewale.KÛDE: A basket to remove earth, sand, etc.KUDAYA: An umbrella.KUDAMASSAN: Small fishes cured for curry.KULU: Winnowing fans made of bamboo.KUMBAL-PEREHERA: Preliminary Perehera at a Dewale when the insignia are carried in procession round the inner Court for five days, followed by the Dewale Perehera for five days twice a day round the Widiya, and the Randoli or Maha Perehera for five days.KUMBAYA: A post, a pole for arches in decorations.KUMARIHAMILLA: Ladies of rank.KUMARA-TALA-ATTA: A talipot of state. An ornamental talipot carried in processions by tenants of superior grade.KUNAMA: The palanquin carried in procession at the Perehera containing inside the insignia of a Deviyo. It is also called Randoliya.KURUMBA: The same as Kasapen.KURU: Hair-pins.KURU-KANDA: A candle stick made of clay, called also Kotvilakkuwa.KURAPAYIYA: The same as Kadapayiya.KURUNIYA: One eighth of a bushel or four seer.KURUWITALE: Spear used at elephant kraals.KUSALANA: A cup.

AABARANA: Insignia of a Deviyo; vessels of gold and silver, etc., in a Dewala.ADAPPAYA: Headman amongst the Moors; a term of respect used in addressing an elder.ADHAHANA-MALUWA: A place of cremation; especially the place where the bodies of the kings of Kandy were burnt and where their ashes were buried.ADIKARAMA: An officer of the Kataragama Dewala next in rank to the Basnayake Nilame.ADIPALLA OR WARUPALLA: The lower layers of the stacked paddy on the threshing floor allowed to the watcher as a perquisite.ADUKKU: Cooked provisions given to headmen or persons of rank.ADUKKU-WALANKADA:A pingo of earthenware vessels for cooking or carrying food for headmen, etc.AGAS: First-fruits; ears of paddy cut as alut-sal, i.e., for the thanksgiving at the harvest home.AHARA-PUJAWA: The daily offering of food in a Vihare; before noon the mid-day meal is carried to the Vihare, and placed in front of the image of Buddha; it is then removed to the refectory or pansala, where it is consumed by the priests or by the servitors.AHAS-KAMBE: The tight-rope (literally air-rope) used for rope-dancing which is a service of certain tenants of the Badulla Dewale.AKYALA:Contribution of rice or paddy on the occasion of a procession at a Dewala; first fruits offered for protection of the crop by the Deviyo.ALATTIBEMA: A ceremony performed at the door of the sanctuary in a Dewale; the waving to and fro of an oil lamp by females, who repeat the while in an undertone the word ayu-bowa, long life (lit. may your years increase).ALGA-RAJAKARIYA: Service at the loom.ALAGU: A mark to assist the memory in calculation (Clough); a tally,e. g.in counting cocoanuts one is generally put aside out of each 100; those thus put aside are called alagu.ALIANDURA: The morning music at a temple.ALLASA: A present, a bribe, a fee paid on obtaining a maruwena-panguwa.ALUT-AWRUDU-MANGALYAYA: Festival of the Sinhalese new year; it falls in the early part of April.ALUT-SAL-MANGALYAYA: The festival of the first fruits; the harvest home.ALWALA-REDDA: A cloth fresh from the loom.AMARAGE OR AMBARAGE: Covered walk or passage between a Dewala and the Wahalkada or porch.AMUNA: A dam or anicut across a stream; a measure of dry grain equal to about 4–1/2 bushels, sometimes 5 bushels.ANAMESTRAYA: A shed in which to keep lights during festivals. In some temples these sheds are built permanently all round the widiya or outer court; in others they were mere temporary structures to protect the lights from wind and rain.ANDE: Ground share given to a proprietor.ANDU-GIRAKETTA: An arecanut-cutter of the shape of a pair of pincers; it forms the penuma or annual offering of the blacksmiths to their lord.ANKELIYA: The ceremony of pulling horns or forked sticks to propitiate Pattini-deviyo in times of epidemics; according to ancient legends, it was a pastime at which the Deviyo and her husband Palanga took sides. They are said to have emulated each other in picking flowers with the forked sticks the husband standing at the top and the wife at the foot of a tree. The ankeliya as its name imports partakes more of the nature of a village sport than of a religious ceremony. There are two sides engaged, called theuda and yati-pil. It is conducted in a central spot in the midst of a group of villages set apart for theparticularpurpose, called anpitiya, and commenced on a lucky day after the usual invocation by the Kapurala, who brings with him to the spot the Halan a kind of bracelet the insignia of the Deviyo. The two Pil select each its own horn or forked stick; the horns or sticks are then entwined—one is tied to a stake or tree, and the other is tied to a rope, which is pulled by the two parties till one or other of the horns or sticks breaks. The Pila which owns the broken horn is considered to have lost, and has to undergo the jeers and derision of the winning party. If the Yatipila which is patronized by the Deviyo (Pattini) wins, it is regarded as a good omen for the removal or subsidence of the epidemic. The ceremony closes with a triumphal procession to the nearest Dewale. A family belongs hereditarily to one or the other of the two Pil.ANPITIYA: The spot or place where the above ceremony is performed.ANUMETIRALA:A respectful term for a Kapurala, one through whom the pleasure of the Deviyo is known.ANUNAYAKA UNNANSE: A priest next in rank to a Maha-Nayaka or chief priest, the sub-prior of a monastery.APPALLAYA: The earthen ware vessel flatter than an atale,q. v.ARALU: Gall-nuts.ARAMUDALA: Treasury, or the contents of a treasury; the reserve fund.ARANGUWA: An ornamental arch decorated with flowers or tender leaves of the cocoanut tree.ARA-SALAWA OR BOJANASALAWA:Refectory.ARRIKALA: One-eighth portion.ASANA-REDI: Coverings of an asanaya; altar cloth.ASANAYA:Throne, altar, seat of honor.ATALE: A small earthenware-pot usually used in bathing.ATPANDAMA: A light carried in the hand, formed generally of a brass cup at the end of a stick about two feet long. The cup is filled with tow and oil.ATAPATTU-WASAMA: The messenger class. A holding held by the atapattu people. The service due from this class is the carrying of messages, keeping guard over treasure or a temple or chief’s house, and carrying in procession state umbrellas, swords of office etc., watching threshing floors and accompanying the proprietor on journeys.ATAPATTU MOHOTTALA: Writer over the messenger class.ATAWAKA: The eighth day before and after the full moon. The first is called Pura-atavaka and the second Ava-atavaka.ATTANAYAKARALA: Custodian; storekeeper; overseer corresponding in rank to Wannakurala,q.v.ATUGE: A temporary shed or outhouse for a privy.ATUPANDALAYA: A temporary shed or booth made of leaves and branches.ATUWA: Granary.AWALIYA: The same as Hunduwa or Perawa, which is one-fourth of a seer.AWATEWAKIRIMA:Ministration; Daily service at a Dewala.AWATTA:An ornamental talipot used as an umbrella.AWULPAT: Sweetmeats taken at the end of a meal.AWRUDU-PANTIYA: New year festival, a term in use in the Kurunegala District.AWRUDU-WATTORUWA: A chit given by the astrologer shewing the hour when the new year commences, and its prognostics.AYUBOWA: “Live for years”, a word used by way of chorus to recitals at Bali ceremonies.

A

ABARANA: Insignia of a Deviyo; vessels of gold and silver, etc., in a Dewala.ADAPPAYA: Headman amongst the Moors; a term of respect used in addressing an elder.ADHAHANA-MALUWA: A place of cremation; especially the place where the bodies of the kings of Kandy were burnt and where their ashes were buried.ADIKARAMA: An officer of the Kataragama Dewala next in rank to the Basnayake Nilame.ADIPALLA OR WARUPALLA: The lower layers of the stacked paddy on the threshing floor allowed to the watcher as a perquisite.ADUKKU: Cooked provisions given to headmen or persons of rank.ADUKKU-WALANKADA:A pingo of earthenware vessels for cooking or carrying food for headmen, etc.AGAS: First-fruits; ears of paddy cut as alut-sal, i.e., for the thanksgiving at the harvest home.AHARA-PUJAWA: The daily offering of food in a Vihare; before noon the mid-day meal is carried to the Vihare, and placed in front of the image of Buddha; it is then removed to the refectory or pansala, where it is consumed by the priests or by the servitors.AHAS-KAMBE: The tight-rope (literally air-rope) used for rope-dancing which is a service of certain tenants of the Badulla Dewale.AKYALA:Contribution of rice or paddy on the occasion of a procession at a Dewala; first fruits offered for protection of the crop by the Deviyo.ALATTIBEMA: A ceremony performed at the door of the sanctuary in a Dewale; the waving to and fro of an oil lamp by females, who repeat the while in an undertone the word ayu-bowa, long life (lit. may your years increase).ALGA-RAJAKARIYA: Service at the loom.ALAGU: A mark to assist the memory in calculation (Clough); a tally,e. g.in counting cocoanuts one is generally put aside out of each 100; those thus put aside are called alagu.ALIANDURA: The morning music at a temple.ALLASA: A present, a bribe, a fee paid on obtaining a maruwena-panguwa.ALUT-AWRUDU-MANGALYAYA: Festival of the Sinhalese new year; it falls in the early part of April.ALUT-SAL-MANGALYAYA: The festival of the first fruits; the harvest home.ALWALA-REDDA: A cloth fresh from the loom.AMARAGE OR AMBARAGE: Covered walk or passage between a Dewala and the Wahalkada or porch.AMUNA: A dam or anicut across a stream; a measure of dry grain equal to about 4–1/2 bushels, sometimes 5 bushels.ANAMESTRAYA: A shed in which to keep lights during festivals. In some temples these sheds are built permanently all round the widiya or outer court; in others they were mere temporary structures to protect the lights from wind and rain.ANDE: Ground share given to a proprietor.ANDU-GIRAKETTA: An arecanut-cutter of the shape of a pair of pincers; it forms the penuma or annual offering of the blacksmiths to their lord.ANKELIYA: The ceremony of pulling horns or forked sticks to propitiate Pattini-deviyo in times of epidemics; according to ancient legends, it was a pastime at which the Deviyo and her husband Palanga took sides. They are said to have emulated each other in picking flowers with the forked sticks the husband standing at the top and the wife at the foot of a tree. The ankeliya as its name imports partakes more of the nature of a village sport than of a religious ceremony. There are two sides engaged, called theuda and yati-pil. It is conducted in a central spot in the midst of a group of villages set apart for theparticularpurpose, called anpitiya, and commenced on a lucky day after the usual invocation by the Kapurala, who brings with him to the spot the Halan a kind of bracelet the insignia of the Deviyo. The two Pil select each its own horn or forked stick; the horns or sticks are then entwined—one is tied to a stake or tree, and the other is tied to a rope, which is pulled by the two parties till one or other of the horns or sticks breaks. The Pila which owns the broken horn is considered to have lost, and has to undergo the jeers and derision of the winning party. If the Yatipila which is patronized by the Deviyo (Pattini) wins, it is regarded as a good omen for the removal or subsidence of the epidemic. The ceremony closes with a triumphal procession to the nearest Dewale. A family belongs hereditarily to one or the other of the two Pil.ANPITIYA: The spot or place where the above ceremony is performed.ANUMETIRALA:A respectful term for a Kapurala, one through whom the pleasure of the Deviyo is known.ANUNAYAKA UNNANSE: A priest next in rank to a Maha-Nayaka or chief priest, the sub-prior of a monastery.APPALLAYA: The earthen ware vessel flatter than an atale,q. v.ARALU: Gall-nuts.ARAMUDALA: Treasury, or the contents of a treasury; the reserve fund.ARANGUWA: An ornamental arch decorated with flowers or tender leaves of the cocoanut tree.ARA-SALAWA OR BOJANASALAWA:Refectory.ARRIKALA: One-eighth portion.ASANA-REDI: Coverings of an asanaya; altar cloth.ASANAYA:Throne, altar, seat of honor.ATALE: A small earthenware-pot usually used in bathing.ATPANDAMA: A light carried in the hand, formed generally of a brass cup at the end of a stick about two feet long. The cup is filled with tow and oil.ATAPATTU-WASAMA: The messenger class. A holding held by the atapattu people. The service due from this class is the carrying of messages, keeping guard over treasure or a temple or chief’s house, and carrying in procession state umbrellas, swords of office etc., watching threshing floors and accompanying the proprietor on journeys.ATAPATTU MOHOTTALA: Writer over the messenger class.ATAWAKA: The eighth day before and after the full moon. The first is called Pura-atavaka and the second Ava-atavaka.ATTANAYAKARALA: Custodian; storekeeper; overseer corresponding in rank to Wannakurala,q.v.ATUGE: A temporary shed or outhouse for a privy.ATUPANDALAYA: A temporary shed or booth made of leaves and branches.ATUWA: Granary.AWALIYA: The same as Hunduwa or Perawa, which is one-fourth of a seer.AWATEWAKIRIMA:Ministration; Daily service at a Dewala.AWATTA:An ornamental talipot used as an umbrella.AWULPAT: Sweetmeats taken at the end of a meal.AWRUDU-PANTIYA: New year festival, a term in use in the Kurunegala District.AWRUDU-WATTORUWA: A chit given by the astrologer shewing the hour when the new year commences, and its prognostics.AYUBOWA: “Live for years”, a word used by way of chorus to recitals at Bali ceremonies.

ABARANA: Insignia of a Deviyo; vessels of gold and silver, etc., in a Dewala.

ADAPPAYA: Headman amongst the Moors; a term of respect used in addressing an elder.

ADHAHANA-MALUWA: A place of cremation; especially the place where the bodies of the kings of Kandy were burnt and where their ashes were buried.

ADIKARAMA: An officer of the Kataragama Dewala next in rank to the Basnayake Nilame.

ADIPALLA OR WARUPALLA: The lower layers of the stacked paddy on the threshing floor allowed to the watcher as a perquisite.

ADUKKU: Cooked provisions given to headmen or persons of rank.

ADUKKU-WALANKADA:A pingo of earthenware vessels for cooking or carrying food for headmen, etc.

AGAS: First-fruits; ears of paddy cut as alut-sal, i.e., for the thanksgiving at the harvest home.

AHARA-PUJAWA: The daily offering of food in a Vihare; before noon the mid-day meal is carried to the Vihare, and placed in front of the image of Buddha; it is then removed to the refectory or pansala, where it is consumed by the priests or by the servitors.

AHAS-KAMBE: The tight-rope (literally air-rope) used for rope-dancing which is a service of certain tenants of the Badulla Dewale.

AKYALA:Contribution of rice or paddy on the occasion of a procession at a Dewala; first fruits offered for protection of the crop by the Deviyo.

ALATTIBEMA: A ceremony performed at the door of the sanctuary in a Dewale; the waving to and fro of an oil lamp by females, who repeat the while in an undertone the word ayu-bowa, long life (lit. may your years increase).

ALGA-RAJAKARIYA: Service at the loom.

ALAGU: A mark to assist the memory in calculation (Clough); a tally,e. g.in counting cocoanuts one is generally put aside out of each 100; those thus put aside are called alagu.

ALIANDURA: The morning music at a temple.

ALLASA: A present, a bribe, a fee paid on obtaining a maruwena-panguwa.

ALUT-AWRUDU-MANGALYAYA: Festival of the Sinhalese new year; it falls in the early part of April.

ALUT-SAL-MANGALYAYA: The festival of the first fruits; the harvest home.

ALWALA-REDDA: A cloth fresh from the loom.

AMARAGE OR AMBARAGE: Covered walk or passage between a Dewala and the Wahalkada or porch.

AMUNA: A dam or anicut across a stream; a measure of dry grain equal to about 4–1/2 bushels, sometimes 5 bushels.

ANAMESTRAYA: A shed in which to keep lights during festivals. In some temples these sheds are built permanently all round the widiya or outer court; in others they were mere temporary structures to protect the lights from wind and rain.

ANDE: Ground share given to a proprietor.

ANDU-GIRAKETTA: An arecanut-cutter of the shape of a pair of pincers; it forms the penuma or annual offering of the blacksmiths to their lord.

ANKELIYA: The ceremony of pulling horns or forked sticks to propitiate Pattini-deviyo in times of epidemics; according to ancient legends, it was a pastime at which the Deviyo and her husband Palanga took sides. They are said to have emulated each other in picking flowers with the forked sticks the husband standing at the top and the wife at the foot of a tree. The ankeliya as its name imports partakes more of the nature of a village sport than of a religious ceremony. There are two sides engaged, called theuda and yati-pil. It is conducted in a central spot in the midst of a group of villages set apart for theparticularpurpose, called anpitiya, and commenced on a lucky day after the usual invocation by the Kapurala, who brings with him to the spot the Halan a kind of bracelet the insignia of the Deviyo. The two Pil select each its own horn or forked stick; the horns or sticks are then entwined—one is tied to a stake or tree, and the other is tied to a rope, which is pulled by the two parties till one or other of the horns or sticks breaks. The Pila which owns the broken horn is considered to have lost, and has to undergo the jeers and derision of the winning party. If the Yatipila which is patronized by the Deviyo (Pattini) wins, it is regarded as a good omen for the removal or subsidence of the epidemic. The ceremony closes with a triumphal procession to the nearest Dewale. A family belongs hereditarily to one or the other of the two Pil.

ANPITIYA: The spot or place where the above ceremony is performed.

ANUMETIRALA:A respectful term for a Kapurala, one through whom the pleasure of the Deviyo is known.

ANUNAYAKA UNNANSE: A priest next in rank to a Maha-Nayaka or chief priest, the sub-prior of a monastery.

APPALLAYA: The earthen ware vessel flatter than an atale,q. v.

ARALU: Gall-nuts.

ARAMUDALA: Treasury, or the contents of a treasury; the reserve fund.

ARANGUWA: An ornamental arch decorated with flowers or tender leaves of the cocoanut tree.

ARA-SALAWA OR BOJANASALAWA:Refectory.

ARRIKALA: One-eighth portion.

ASANA-REDI: Coverings of an asanaya; altar cloth.

ASANAYA:Throne, altar, seat of honor.

ATALE: A small earthenware-pot usually used in bathing.

ATPANDAMA: A light carried in the hand, formed generally of a brass cup at the end of a stick about two feet long. The cup is filled with tow and oil.

ATAPATTU-WASAMA: The messenger class. A holding held by the atapattu people. The service due from this class is the carrying of messages, keeping guard over treasure or a temple or chief’s house, and carrying in procession state umbrellas, swords of office etc., watching threshing floors and accompanying the proprietor on journeys.

ATAPATTU MOHOTTALA: Writer over the messenger class.

ATAWAKA: The eighth day before and after the full moon. The first is called Pura-atavaka and the second Ava-atavaka.

ATTANAYAKARALA: Custodian; storekeeper; overseer corresponding in rank to Wannakurala,q.v.

ATUGE: A temporary shed or outhouse for a privy.

ATUPANDALAYA: A temporary shed or booth made of leaves and branches.

ATUWA: Granary.

AWALIYA: The same as Hunduwa or Perawa, which is one-fourth of a seer.

AWATEWAKIRIMA:Ministration; Daily service at a Dewala.

AWATTA:An ornamental talipot used as an umbrella.

AWULPAT: Sweetmeats taken at the end of a meal.

AWRUDU-PANTIYA: New year festival, a term in use in the Kurunegala District.

AWRUDU-WATTORUWA: A chit given by the astrologer shewing the hour when the new year commences, and its prognostics.

AYUBOWA: “Live for years”, a word used by way of chorus to recitals at Bali ceremonies.

BBADAHELA-PANGUWA: The tenement of land held by a potter. His service consists of supplying a proprietor with all the requisite earthenware for his house and bath, and his lodgings on journeys, for his muttettuwa, for cooking, and for soaking seed paddy, for festivals, Yak and Bali ceremonies, weddings, etc. The supplying of tiles and bricks and keeping the roof of tiled houses waterproof, giving penumwalan to tenants for the penumkat, and making clay lamps, and kalas for temples. The potter also makes a present of chatties as his penum to proprietor and petty officers. When the quantity of bricks and tiles to be supplied is large, the proprietor finds the kiln, shed, clay and firewood. Kumbala is another name by which a potter is known.BADAL-PANGUWA: The holding held by smiths, called likewise Nawan-panguwa. Under the general term are included:Achari (blacksmiths),Lokuruwo (braziers) and Badallu (silver or gold smiths).The blacksmith supplies nails for roofing houses, hinges, locks, and keys for doors, all kitchen utensils, agricultural implements, and tools for felling and converting timber. His penuma consists of arecanut cutters, chunam boxes, ear and tooth picks, at the forge he is given the services of a tenant to blow the bellows, and when employed out of his house he is given his food. The Lokuruwa mends all brass and copper-vessels of a temple, and generally takes part in the service of the other smiths. The silver and goldsmiths work for the proprietor in their special craft when wanted, and in temples mend and polish all the sacred vessels, do engraving and carving work, decorate the Rate (car of the deviyo) and remain on guard there during the Perahera, attend at the Kaphitawima, and supply the silver rim for the Ehala-gaha. The goldsmiths present penum of silver rings, carved betel boxes, ornamental arrow-heads, etc. The smith tenant also attends and assists at the smelting of iron. In consideration of the value of the service of a smith, he generally holds a large extent of fertile land.BAGE: A division; a term used in Sabaragamuwa for a number of villages of a Dewala in charge of a Vidane.BAKMASA: The first month of the Sinhalese year (April-May).BALIBAT NETIMA: A devil-dance performed for five days after the close of the Perahera by a class of persons superior to the ordinary yakdesso (devil dancers) and called Balibat Gammehela, supposed to be descendants of emigrants from the Coast.BALI-EDURO: The persons who make the clay images for, and dance at, a Bali-maduwa which is a ceremony performed to propitiate the planets. The performance of Bali ceremonies is one of the principal services of tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.BALI-EMBIMA:The making of images for a Bali ceremony.BALI-ERIMA: The performance of the above ceremony. Note the peculiar expression Bali arinawa not Karanawa.BALI-KATIRA: Sticks or supports against which the images at a Bali ceremony are placed.BALI-TIYANNO: Same as Bali-eduro.BAMBA-NETIMA: In the processions at a Diya-kepima there is carried a wickerwork frame made to represent a giant (some say Brahma); a man walks inside this frame and carries it along exactly in the same way as “Jack-in-the green.” The service of carrying it in procession is called Bambanetima.BAMBARA-PENI: Honey of one of the large bees. A pingo of this honey is given to the proprietor of the lands in which it is collected.BANA-MADUWA: A large temporary shed put up for reading Bana during Waskalaya,q. v.BANA-SALAWA: A permanent edifice attached to a wihare for reading Bana.BANDARA: Belonging to the palace. It is now used of any proprietor, whether lay or clerical,e. g., Bandara-atuwa means the proprietor’s granary.BANKALA WIYANA: A decorated cloth or curtain, so called, it is supposed, from being imported from Bengal.BARAKOLAN: Large masks representing Kataragama Deviyo, used in dancing at the Dewala Perehara.BARAPEN: Remuneration given tocopyists. Hire given for important services, as the building of wihares, making of images, etc.BASNAYAKE NILAME: The lay chief or principal officer of a Dewale.BATAKOLA: The leaves of a small species of bamboo used for thatching buildings.BATGOTUWA: Boiled rice served out or wrapped up in a leaf. Boiled rice offered up at a Yak or Bali ceremony.BATTANARALA: The Kapurala who offers the multen (food offering).BATWADANARALA: The same as Battanarala.BATWALANDA: Earthenware vessel for boiling rice in. It is as large as a common pot but with a wider mouth.BATWALAN-HAKURU: Large cakes of jaggery of the shape of a “Batwalanda” generally made in Sabaragamuwa.BATWEDA: Work not done for hire, but for which the workmen receive food.BATWI: Paddy given by the proprietor as sustenance to a cultivator in lieu of food given during work.BEMMA: A Wall, a bank, a bund.BEHET-DIYA: A lotion made of lime juice and other acids mixed with perfumes for use at the Nanumura mangalyaya, when the priest washes the sacred reflection of the head of Buddha in a mirror held in front of the image for the purpose.BETMERALA: The officer in charge of a number of villages belonging to a temple, corresponding to a Vidane,q.v.BIN-ANDE: Ground share; Ground rent.BINARAMASA: The sixth month of the Sinhalese year (September-October).BINNEGUNWI: Paddy given as sustenance during ploughing time.BISOKAPA: See Ehelagaha. It is a term in use in the Kabulumulle Pattini Dewale in Hatara Korale.BISSA:A term in use in the Kegalle District for a granary round in shape, and of wickerwork daubed with mud.BINTARAM-OTU: Tax or payment in kind, being a quantity of paddy, equal to the full extent sown, as distinguished from half and other proportionate parts of the sowing extent levied from unfertile fields. Thus in an amuna of land the bintaram-otu is one amuna paddy.BODHIMALUWA: The Court round a bo-tree, called also Bomeda.BOJANA-SALAWA: The same as arasalava.BOLPEN: Water used at a temple for purposes of purification.BULAT-ATA: A roll of betel consisting of 40 leaves forming the common penuma to a proprietor at the annual festival corresponding to the old English rent day. It is a mark of submission and respect, and is therefore greatly valued.BULAT-HURULLA: A fee given to a chief or proprietor placed on a roll of betel. The fee given annually for a Maruvena panguwa.BULU: One of the three myrobalans (Clough).

B

BADAHELA-PANGUWA: The tenement of land held by a potter. His service consists of supplying a proprietor with all the requisite earthenware for his house and bath, and his lodgings on journeys, for his muttettuwa, for cooking, and for soaking seed paddy, for festivals, Yak and Bali ceremonies, weddings, etc. The supplying of tiles and bricks and keeping the roof of tiled houses waterproof, giving penumwalan to tenants for the penumkat, and making clay lamps, and kalas for temples. The potter also makes a present of chatties as his penum to proprietor and petty officers. When the quantity of bricks and tiles to be supplied is large, the proprietor finds the kiln, shed, clay and firewood. Kumbala is another name by which a potter is known.BADAL-PANGUWA: The holding held by smiths, called likewise Nawan-panguwa. Under the general term are included:Achari (blacksmiths),Lokuruwo (braziers) and Badallu (silver or gold smiths).The blacksmith supplies nails for roofing houses, hinges, locks, and keys for doors, all kitchen utensils, agricultural implements, and tools for felling and converting timber. His penuma consists of arecanut cutters, chunam boxes, ear and tooth picks, at the forge he is given the services of a tenant to blow the bellows, and when employed out of his house he is given his food. The Lokuruwa mends all brass and copper-vessels of a temple, and generally takes part in the service of the other smiths. The silver and goldsmiths work for the proprietor in their special craft when wanted, and in temples mend and polish all the sacred vessels, do engraving and carving work, decorate the Rate (car of the deviyo) and remain on guard there during the Perahera, attend at the Kaphitawima, and supply the silver rim for the Ehala-gaha. The goldsmiths present penum of silver rings, carved betel boxes, ornamental arrow-heads, etc. The smith tenant also attends and assists at the smelting of iron. In consideration of the value of the service of a smith, he generally holds a large extent of fertile land.BAGE: A division; a term used in Sabaragamuwa for a number of villages of a Dewala in charge of a Vidane.BAKMASA: The first month of the Sinhalese year (April-May).BALIBAT NETIMA: A devil-dance performed for five days after the close of the Perahera by a class of persons superior to the ordinary yakdesso (devil dancers) and called Balibat Gammehela, supposed to be descendants of emigrants from the Coast.BALI-EDURO: The persons who make the clay images for, and dance at, a Bali-maduwa which is a ceremony performed to propitiate the planets. The performance of Bali ceremonies is one of the principal services of tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.BALI-EMBIMA:The making of images for a Bali ceremony.BALI-ERIMA: The performance of the above ceremony. Note the peculiar expression Bali arinawa not Karanawa.BALI-KATIRA: Sticks or supports against which the images at a Bali ceremony are placed.BALI-TIYANNO: Same as Bali-eduro.BAMBA-NETIMA: In the processions at a Diya-kepima there is carried a wickerwork frame made to represent a giant (some say Brahma); a man walks inside this frame and carries it along exactly in the same way as “Jack-in-the green.” The service of carrying it in procession is called Bambanetima.BAMBARA-PENI: Honey of one of the large bees. A pingo of this honey is given to the proprietor of the lands in which it is collected.BANA-MADUWA: A large temporary shed put up for reading Bana during Waskalaya,q. v.BANA-SALAWA: A permanent edifice attached to a wihare for reading Bana.BANDARA: Belonging to the palace. It is now used of any proprietor, whether lay or clerical,e. g., Bandara-atuwa means the proprietor’s granary.BANKALA WIYANA: A decorated cloth or curtain, so called, it is supposed, from being imported from Bengal.BARAKOLAN: Large masks representing Kataragama Deviyo, used in dancing at the Dewala Perehara.BARAPEN: Remuneration given tocopyists. Hire given for important services, as the building of wihares, making of images, etc.BASNAYAKE NILAME: The lay chief or principal officer of a Dewale.BATAKOLA: The leaves of a small species of bamboo used for thatching buildings.BATGOTUWA: Boiled rice served out or wrapped up in a leaf. Boiled rice offered up at a Yak or Bali ceremony.BATTANARALA: The Kapurala who offers the multen (food offering).BATWADANARALA: The same as Battanarala.BATWALANDA: Earthenware vessel for boiling rice in. It is as large as a common pot but with a wider mouth.BATWALAN-HAKURU: Large cakes of jaggery of the shape of a “Batwalanda” generally made in Sabaragamuwa.BATWEDA: Work not done for hire, but for which the workmen receive food.BATWI: Paddy given by the proprietor as sustenance to a cultivator in lieu of food given during work.BEMMA: A Wall, a bank, a bund.BEHET-DIYA: A lotion made of lime juice and other acids mixed with perfumes for use at the Nanumura mangalyaya, when the priest washes the sacred reflection of the head of Buddha in a mirror held in front of the image for the purpose.BETMERALA: The officer in charge of a number of villages belonging to a temple, corresponding to a Vidane,q.v.BIN-ANDE: Ground share; Ground rent.BINARAMASA: The sixth month of the Sinhalese year (September-October).BINNEGUNWI: Paddy given as sustenance during ploughing time.BISOKAPA: See Ehelagaha. It is a term in use in the Kabulumulle Pattini Dewale in Hatara Korale.BISSA:A term in use in the Kegalle District for a granary round in shape, and of wickerwork daubed with mud.BINTARAM-OTU: Tax or payment in kind, being a quantity of paddy, equal to the full extent sown, as distinguished from half and other proportionate parts of the sowing extent levied from unfertile fields. Thus in an amuna of land the bintaram-otu is one amuna paddy.BODHIMALUWA: The Court round a bo-tree, called also Bomeda.BOJANA-SALAWA: The same as arasalava.BOLPEN: Water used at a temple for purposes of purification.BULAT-ATA: A roll of betel consisting of 40 leaves forming the common penuma to a proprietor at the annual festival corresponding to the old English rent day. It is a mark of submission and respect, and is therefore greatly valued.BULAT-HURULLA: A fee given to a chief or proprietor placed on a roll of betel. The fee given annually for a Maruvena panguwa.BULU: One of the three myrobalans (Clough).

BADAHELA-PANGUWA: The tenement of land held by a potter. His service consists of supplying a proprietor with all the requisite earthenware for his house and bath, and his lodgings on journeys, for his muttettuwa, for cooking, and for soaking seed paddy, for festivals, Yak and Bali ceremonies, weddings, etc. The supplying of tiles and bricks and keeping the roof of tiled houses waterproof, giving penumwalan to tenants for the penumkat, and making clay lamps, and kalas for temples. The potter also makes a present of chatties as his penum to proprietor and petty officers. When the quantity of bricks and tiles to be supplied is large, the proprietor finds the kiln, shed, clay and firewood. Kumbala is another name by which a potter is known.

BADAL-PANGUWA: The holding held by smiths, called likewise Nawan-panguwa. Under the general term are included:Achari (blacksmiths),Lokuruwo (braziers) and Badallu (silver or gold smiths).The blacksmith supplies nails for roofing houses, hinges, locks, and keys for doors, all kitchen utensils, agricultural implements, and tools for felling and converting timber. His penuma consists of arecanut cutters, chunam boxes, ear and tooth picks, at the forge he is given the services of a tenant to blow the bellows, and when employed out of his house he is given his food. The Lokuruwa mends all brass and copper-vessels of a temple, and generally takes part in the service of the other smiths. The silver and goldsmiths work for the proprietor in their special craft when wanted, and in temples mend and polish all the sacred vessels, do engraving and carving work, decorate the Rate (car of the deviyo) and remain on guard there during the Perahera, attend at the Kaphitawima, and supply the silver rim for the Ehala-gaha. The goldsmiths present penum of silver rings, carved betel boxes, ornamental arrow-heads, etc. The smith tenant also attends and assists at the smelting of iron. In consideration of the value of the service of a smith, he generally holds a large extent of fertile land.

BAGE: A division; a term used in Sabaragamuwa for a number of villages of a Dewala in charge of a Vidane.

BAKMASA: The first month of the Sinhalese year (April-May).

BALIBAT NETIMA: A devil-dance performed for five days after the close of the Perahera by a class of persons superior to the ordinary yakdesso (devil dancers) and called Balibat Gammehela, supposed to be descendants of emigrants from the Coast.

BALI-EDURO: The persons who make the clay images for, and dance at, a Bali-maduwa which is a ceremony performed to propitiate the planets. The performance of Bali ceremonies is one of the principal services of tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.

BALI-EMBIMA:The making of images for a Bali ceremony.

BALI-ERIMA: The performance of the above ceremony. Note the peculiar expression Bali arinawa not Karanawa.

BALI-KATIRA: Sticks or supports against which the images at a Bali ceremony are placed.

BALI-TIYANNO: Same as Bali-eduro.

BAMBA-NETIMA: In the processions at a Diya-kepima there is carried a wickerwork frame made to represent a giant (some say Brahma); a man walks inside this frame and carries it along exactly in the same way as “Jack-in-the green.” The service of carrying it in procession is called Bambanetima.

BAMBARA-PENI: Honey of one of the large bees. A pingo of this honey is given to the proprietor of the lands in which it is collected.

BANA-MADUWA: A large temporary shed put up for reading Bana during Waskalaya,q. v.

BANA-SALAWA: A permanent edifice attached to a wihare for reading Bana.

BANDARA: Belonging to the palace. It is now used of any proprietor, whether lay or clerical,e. g., Bandara-atuwa means the proprietor’s granary.

BANKALA WIYANA: A decorated cloth or curtain, so called, it is supposed, from being imported from Bengal.

BARAKOLAN: Large masks representing Kataragama Deviyo, used in dancing at the Dewala Perehara.

BARAPEN: Remuneration given tocopyists. Hire given for important services, as the building of wihares, making of images, etc.

BASNAYAKE NILAME: The lay chief or principal officer of a Dewale.

BATAKOLA: The leaves of a small species of bamboo used for thatching buildings.

BATGOTUWA: Boiled rice served out or wrapped up in a leaf. Boiled rice offered up at a Yak or Bali ceremony.

BATTANARALA: The Kapurala who offers the multen (food offering).

BATWADANARALA: The same as Battanarala.

BATWALANDA: Earthenware vessel for boiling rice in. It is as large as a common pot but with a wider mouth.

BATWALAN-HAKURU: Large cakes of jaggery of the shape of a “Batwalanda” generally made in Sabaragamuwa.

BATWEDA: Work not done for hire, but for which the workmen receive food.

BATWI: Paddy given by the proprietor as sustenance to a cultivator in lieu of food given during work.

BEMMA: A Wall, a bank, a bund.

BEHET-DIYA: A lotion made of lime juice and other acids mixed with perfumes for use at the Nanumura mangalyaya, when the priest washes the sacred reflection of the head of Buddha in a mirror held in front of the image for the purpose.

BETMERALA: The officer in charge of a number of villages belonging to a temple, corresponding to a Vidane,q.v.

BIN-ANDE: Ground share; Ground rent.

BINARAMASA: The sixth month of the Sinhalese year (September-October).

BINNEGUNWI: Paddy given as sustenance during ploughing time.

BISOKAPA: See Ehelagaha. It is a term in use in the Kabulumulle Pattini Dewale in Hatara Korale.

BISSA:A term in use in the Kegalle District for a granary round in shape, and of wickerwork daubed with mud.

BINTARAM-OTU: Tax or payment in kind, being a quantity of paddy, equal to the full extent sown, as distinguished from half and other proportionate parts of the sowing extent levied from unfertile fields. Thus in an amuna of land the bintaram-otu is one amuna paddy.

BODHIMALUWA: The Court round a bo-tree, called also Bomeda.

BOJANA-SALAWA: The same as arasalava.

BOLPEN: Water used at a temple for purposes of purification.

BULAT-ATA: A roll of betel consisting of 40 leaves forming the common penuma to a proprietor at the annual festival corresponding to the old English rent day. It is a mark of submission and respect, and is therefore greatly valued.

BULAT-HURULLA: A fee given to a chief or proprietor placed on a roll of betel. The fee given annually for a Maruvena panguwa.

BULU: One of the three myrobalans (Clough).

CCHAMARAYA: A fly-flapper, a yak’s tail fixed to a silver or other handle, used to keep flies off the insignia of a deviyo or persons of distinction.

C

CHAMARAYA: A fly-flapper, a yak’s tail fixed to a silver or other handle, used to keep flies off the insignia of a deviyo or persons of distinction.

CHAMARAYA: A fly-flapper, a yak’s tail fixed to a silver or other handle, used to keep flies off the insignia of a deviyo or persons of distinction.

DDADAKUDAMAS: A compound word for meat and fish.DAGOBE OR DAGEBA: Lit. Relic chamber. A Buddhist mound or stupa of earth or brick sometimes faced with stone, containing generally a chamber in which is preserved a casket of relics.DALUMURE: A turn to supply betel for a temple or proprietor.DALUMURA-PANGUWA: The holding of tenants, whose special service is that of supplying weekly or fortnightly, and at the festivals, a certain quantity of betel leaves for the “dalumura-tewawa” immediately after the multen or “ahara-pujawa” and for the consumption by the officers or priests on duty.This service was one of great importance at the Court of the King, who had plantations of betel in different parts of the country, with a staff of officers, gardeners, and carriers. At present the tenants of this class in Ninda villages supply betel to the proprietor for consumption at his house and on journeys. In some service villages the betel is to be accompanied with a quantity of arecanuts.DALUPATHKARAYA: A sub-tenant; a garden tenant; one who has asweddumised land belonging to a mulpangukaraya. In some Districts the dalupathkaraya is called pelkaraya.DAMBU: Tow; rags for lights. The supplying of dambu at festivals in a temple or for a Bali ceremony at a chief’s house forms one of the principal services of a dhobi.DAN-ADUKKUWA: Food given by a tenant of a vihare land to the incumbent as distinguished from “dane” given to any priest for the sake of merit.DANDUMADUWA: A timber-shed; a timber room. Every temple establishment has an open long shed for timber and building materials etc., and its upkeep forms one of the duties of the tenants.DANE: Food given to priests for merit; alms: charity.DANGE: Kitchen of a Pansale.DANKADA: Pingo of food given to a priest.DARADIYARA: Fuel and water the supplying of which forms the service of the Uliyakkarawasam tenants.DASILIKAMA: An assistant to a Lekama or writer. The term is peculiar to Sabaragamuwa.DAWULA: The common drum.DAWULKARAYA: A tenant of the tom-tom beater caste, playing on a dawula at the daily service of a Vihare or a Dewale, and at the festivals.DAWUL-PANGUWA: The tenement held by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste. In temples their service comes under the kind called the Pita-kattale (out-door-service). At the daily tewawa, at festivals, at pinkam, and on journeys of the incumbent, they beat the hewisi (tom-toms). On their turn of duty in a temple, they have to watch the temple and its property, to sweep and clean the premises, to gather flowers for offerings, and to fetch bolpen (water for temple use). The services of a Hewisikaraya are required by a lay proprietor only occasionally for weddings, funerals, yak and bali ceremonies, and on state occasions. This class of persons is employed in weaving cloth, and their penuma consists of a taduppu cloth or lensuwa. In all respects the services of the Dawulkarayo resemble those of the Tammattankarayo, a portion of the same caste, but who beat the Tammattama instead of the Dawula.DEHAT-ATA: A roll of betel leaves given to a priest. A respectful term for a quid of betel.DEHET-GOTUWA: Betel wrapped up in the leaf of some tree.DEKUMA: A present given to a chief or incumbent of a temple by a tenant when he makes his appearance annually or oftener, and consists of either money, or sweetmeats, or cloth, or arecanut-cutters, etc., according to the tenants trade or profession or according to his caste.DELIPIHIYA: A razor. One of the “atapirikara” or eight priestly requisitesviz., three robes an almsbowl, a needle case, a razor, a, girdle, and a filter.DEPOYA: The poya at full moon.DEWALAYA: A temple dedicated to some Hindu Deviyo or local divinity. The four principal dewala are those dedicated to Vishnu, Kataragama, Nata and Pattini Daviyo. There are others belonging to tutelary deities, such as the Maha Saman Dewalaya in Sabaragamuwa belonging to Saman Dewiyo the tutelary deviyo of Siripade, Alutunwara Dewale in the Kegalle District to Dedimundi-dewata-ban-dara, prime minister of Vishnu etc.DEWA-MANDIRAYA: Term in Sabaragamuwa for the “Maligawa” or sanctuary of a Dewale.DEWA-RUPAYA: The image of a Deviyo.DEWOL OR DEWOL-YAKUN: Foreign devils said to have come from beyond the seas and who according to tradition landed at the seaside village called Dewundare near Matara and proceeded thence to Sinigama near Hikkaduwa. Pilgrims resort to either place and perform there the vows made by them in times of sickness and distress.DIGGE: The porch of a Dewalaya. It is a building forming the ante-chamber to the Maligawa or sanctuary where the daily hewisi is performed and to which alone worshippers have access. It is a long hall, as its name signifies, and it is there that the dance of the women at festivals, called Digge-netima, takes place.DISSAWA: The ruler of a Province.DIWA-NILAME: Principal lay officer of the Dalada-maligawa. The term is supposed to have had its origin from the highest dignitary in the kingdom holding amongst other functions the office of watering the Srimahabodinvahanse or sacred Bo-tree in Anuradhapura,DIWEL: Hire orremunerationfor service.DIYAGE: A bath room. The putting up of temporary sheds, or the upkeep of permanent structures as well as supplying water, forms part of the menial services of the Uliamwasam tenants.DIYA-KACHCHIYA: Coarse cloth bathing dress which it is the duty of the dhobi to supply at the bath. It is also called Diyaredi or Diyapiruwata.DIYAKEPUMA: The ceremony of cutting water with golden swords by the Kapurala of the Dewale at the customary ford or pond at the close of the Perehera in July or August.DIYATOTA: The ford or ferry where the above ceremony is performed.DOLAWA: A palanquin.DOTALU-MAL: The flowers of the dotalu-tree, a small species of the arecanut-tree used in decorations.DUMMALA: Powdered resin used at a yak or bali ceremony to give brilliancy to the light.DUNUKARAWASAMA: The military class. Literally, archers. The lands forming the holding of the Dunukarawasam tenants. Their chief services at present are the carrying of letters and messages, keeping guard at the Walauwe (house) of the proprietor, watching the threshing floor, fetchingbuffaloesfor work and accompanying the proprietor on journeys of state bearing the mura awudaya (lance).DUNUMALE-PENUMA: The penuma (present) given in the mouth of Nawan (February) by tenants to the high priest of the Sripadastane (Adam’s Peak) so called after an incumbent of that name.DURUTUMASE: The tenth month of the Sinhalese year (January-February).DUREYA: A headman of the Wahumpura Badde or Paduwa caste. Also a general name for a palanquin bearer.DURAWASAMA: The office of Dureya or headman of the Durayi. The tenement of land held by their class. Their services resemble those of the Ganwasama the difference being that instead of cooked they give uncooked provisions, and vegetables or raw provisions instead of sweet-meats for the penuma to the landlord.

D

DADAKUDAMAS: A compound word for meat and fish.DAGOBE OR DAGEBA: Lit. Relic chamber. A Buddhist mound or stupa of earth or brick sometimes faced with stone, containing generally a chamber in which is preserved a casket of relics.DALUMURE: A turn to supply betel for a temple or proprietor.DALUMURA-PANGUWA: The holding of tenants, whose special service is that of supplying weekly or fortnightly, and at the festivals, a certain quantity of betel leaves for the “dalumura-tewawa” immediately after the multen or “ahara-pujawa” and for the consumption by the officers or priests on duty.This service was one of great importance at the Court of the King, who had plantations of betel in different parts of the country, with a staff of officers, gardeners, and carriers. At present the tenants of this class in Ninda villages supply betel to the proprietor for consumption at his house and on journeys. In some service villages the betel is to be accompanied with a quantity of arecanuts.DALUPATHKARAYA: A sub-tenant; a garden tenant; one who has asweddumised land belonging to a mulpangukaraya. In some Districts the dalupathkaraya is called pelkaraya.DAMBU: Tow; rags for lights. The supplying of dambu at festivals in a temple or for a Bali ceremony at a chief’s house forms one of the principal services of a dhobi.DAN-ADUKKUWA: Food given by a tenant of a vihare land to the incumbent as distinguished from “dane” given to any priest for the sake of merit.DANDUMADUWA: A timber-shed; a timber room. Every temple establishment has an open long shed for timber and building materials etc., and its upkeep forms one of the duties of the tenants.DANE: Food given to priests for merit; alms: charity.DANGE: Kitchen of a Pansale.DANKADA: Pingo of food given to a priest.DARADIYARA: Fuel and water the supplying of which forms the service of the Uliyakkarawasam tenants.DASILIKAMA: An assistant to a Lekama or writer. The term is peculiar to Sabaragamuwa.DAWULA: The common drum.DAWULKARAYA: A tenant of the tom-tom beater caste, playing on a dawula at the daily service of a Vihare or a Dewale, and at the festivals.DAWUL-PANGUWA: The tenement held by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste. In temples their service comes under the kind called the Pita-kattale (out-door-service). At the daily tewawa, at festivals, at pinkam, and on journeys of the incumbent, they beat the hewisi (tom-toms). On their turn of duty in a temple, they have to watch the temple and its property, to sweep and clean the premises, to gather flowers for offerings, and to fetch bolpen (water for temple use). The services of a Hewisikaraya are required by a lay proprietor only occasionally for weddings, funerals, yak and bali ceremonies, and on state occasions. This class of persons is employed in weaving cloth, and their penuma consists of a taduppu cloth or lensuwa. In all respects the services of the Dawulkarayo resemble those of the Tammattankarayo, a portion of the same caste, but who beat the Tammattama instead of the Dawula.DEHAT-ATA: A roll of betel leaves given to a priest. A respectful term for a quid of betel.DEHET-GOTUWA: Betel wrapped up in the leaf of some tree.DEKUMA: A present given to a chief or incumbent of a temple by a tenant when he makes his appearance annually or oftener, and consists of either money, or sweetmeats, or cloth, or arecanut-cutters, etc., according to the tenants trade or profession or according to his caste.DELIPIHIYA: A razor. One of the “atapirikara” or eight priestly requisitesviz., three robes an almsbowl, a needle case, a razor, a, girdle, and a filter.DEPOYA: The poya at full moon.DEWALAYA: A temple dedicated to some Hindu Deviyo or local divinity. The four principal dewala are those dedicated to Vishnu, Kataragama, Nata and Pattini Daviyo. There are others belonging to tutelary deities, such as the Maha Saman Dewalaya in Sabaragamuwa belonging to Saman Dewiyo the tutelary deviyo of Siripade, Alutunwara Dewale in the Kegalle District to Dedimundi-dewata-ban-dara, prime minister of Vishnu etc.DEWA-MANDIRAYA: Term in Sabaragamuwa for the “Maligawa” or sanctuary of a Dewale.DEWA-RUPAYA: The image of a Deviyo.DEWOL OR DEWOL-YAKUN: Foreign devils said to have come from beyond the seas and who according to tradition landed at the seaside village called Dewundare near Matara and proceeded thence to Sinigama near Hikkaduwa. Pilgrims resort to either place and perform there the vows made by them in times of sickness and distress.DIGGE: The porch of a Dewalaya. It is a building forming the ante-chamber to the Maligawa or sanctuary where the daily hewisi is performed and to which alone worshippers have access. It is a long hall, as its name signifies, and it is there that the dance of the women at festivals, called Digge-netima, takes place.DISSAWA: The ruler of a Province.DIWA-NILAME: Principal lay officer of the Dalada-maligawa. The term is supposed to have had its origin from the highest dignitary in the kingdom holding amongst other functions the office of watering the Srimahabodinvahanse or sacred Bo-tree in Anuradhapura,DIWEL: Hire orremunerationfor service.DIYAGE: A bath room. The putting up of temporary sheds, or the upkeep of permanent structures as well as supplying water, forms part of the menial services of the Uliamwasam tenants.DIYA-KACHCHIYA: Coarse cloth bathing dress which it is the duty of the dhobi to supply at the bath. It is also called Diyaredi or Diyapiruwata.DIYAKEPUMA: The ceremony of cutting water with golden swords by the Kapurala of the Dewale at the customary ford or pond at the close of the Perehera in July or August.DIYATOTA: The ford or ferry where the above ceremony is performed.DOLAWA: A palanquin.DOTALU-MAL: The flowers of the dotalu-tree, a small species of the arecanut-tree used in decorations.DUMMALA: Powdered resin used at a yak or bali ceremony to give brilliancy to the light.DUNUKARAWASAMA: The military class. Literally, archers. The lands forming the holding of the Dunukarawasam tenants. Their chief services at present are the carrying of letters and messages, keeping guard at the Walauwe (house) of the proprietor, watching the threshing floor, fetchingbuffaloesfor work and accompanying the proprietor on journeys of state bearing the mura awudaya (lance).DUNUMALE-PENUMA: The penuma (present) given in the mouth of Nawan (February) by tenants to the high priest of the Sripadastane (Adam’s Peak) so called after an incumbent of that name.DURUTUMASE: The tenth month of the Sinhalese year (January-February).DUREYA: A headman of the Wahumpura Badde or Paduwa caste. Also a general name for a palanquin bearer.DURAWASAMA: The office of Dureya or headman of the Durayi. The tenement of land held by their class. Their services resemble those of the Ganwasama the difference being that instead of cooked they give uncooked provisions, and vegetables or raw provisions instead of sweet-meats for the penuma to the landlord.

DADAKUDAMAS: A compound word for meat and fish.

DAGOBE OR DAGEBA: Lit. Relic chamber. A Buddhist mound or stupa of earth or brick sometimes faced with stone, containing generally a chamber in which is preserved a casket of relics.

DALUMURE: A turn to supply betel for a temple or proprietor.

DALUMURA-PANGUWA: The holding of tenants, whose special service is that of supplying weekly or fortnightly, and at the festivals, a certain quantity of betel leaves for the “dalumura-tewawa” immediately after the multen or “ahara-pujawa” and for the consumption by the officers or priests on duty.This service was one of great importance at the Court of the King, who had plantations of betel in different parts of the country, with a staff of officers, gardeners, and carriers. At present the tenants of this class in Ninda villages supply betel to the proprietor for consumption at his house and on journeys. In some service villages the betel is to be accompanied with a quantity of arecanuts.

DALUPATHKARAYA: A sub-tenant; a garden tenant; one who has asweddumised land belonging to a mulpangukaraya. In some Districts the dalupathkaraya is called pelkaraya.

DAMBU: Tow; rags for lights. The supplying of dambu at festivals in a temple or for a Bali ceremony at a chief’s house forms one of the principal services of a dhobi.

DAN-ADUKKUWA: Food given by a tenant of a vihare land to the incumbent as distinguished from “dane” given to any priest for the sake of merit.

DANDUMADUWA: A timber-shed; a timber room. Every temple establishment has an open long shed for timber and building materials etc., and its upkeep forms one of the duties of the tenants.

DANE: Food given to priests for merit; alms: charity.

DANGE: Kitchen of a Pansale.

DANKADA: Pingo of food given to a priest.

DARADIYARA: Fuel and water the supplying of which forms the service of the Uliyakkarawasam tenants.

DASILIKAMA: An assistant to a Lekama or writer. The term is peculiar to Sabaragamuwa.

DAWULA: The common drum.

DAWULKARAYA: A tenant of the tom-tom beater caste, playing on a dawula at the daily service of a Vihare or a Dewale, and at the festivals.

DAWUL-PANGUWA: The tenement held by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste. In temples their service comes under the kind called the Pita-kattale (out-door-service). At the daily tewawa, at festivals, at pinkam, and on journeys of the incumbent, they beat the hewisi (tom-toms). On their turn of duty in a temple, they have to watch the temple and its property, to sweep and clean the premises, to gather flowers for offerings, and to fetch bolpen (water for temple use). The services of a Hewisikaraya are required by a lay proprietor only occasionally for weddings, funerals, yak and bali ceremonies, and on state occasions. This class of persons is employed in weaving cloth, and their penuma consists of a taduppu cloth or lensuwa. In all respects the services of the Dawulkarayo resemble those of the Tammattankarayo, a portion of the same caste, but who beat the Tammattama instead of the Dawula.

DEHAT-ATA: A roll of betel leaves given to a priest. A respectful term for a quid of betel.

DEHET-GOTUWA: Betel wrapped up in the leaf of some tree.

DEKUMA: A present given to a chief or incumbent of a temple by a tenant when he makes his appearance annually or oftener, and consists of either money, or sweetmeats, or cloth, or arecanut-cutters, etc., according to the tenants trade or profession or according to his caste.

DELIPIHIYA: A razor. One of the “atapirikara” or eight priestly requisitesviz., three robes an almsbowl, a needle case, a razor, a, girdle, and a filter.

DEPOYA: The poya at full moon.

DEWALAYA: A temple dedicated to some Hindu Deviyo or local divinity. The four principal dewala are those dedicated to Vishnu, Kataragama, Nata and Pattini Daviyo. There are others belonging to tutelary deities, such as the Maha Saman Dewalaya in Sabaragamuwa belonging to Saman Dewiyo the tutelary deviyo of Siripade, Alutunwara Dewale in the Kegalle District to Dedimundi-dewata-ban-dara, prime minister of Vishnu etc.

DEWA-MANDIRAYA: Term in Sabaragamuwa for the “Maligawa” or sanctuary of a Dewale.

DEWA-RUPAYA: The image of a Deviyo.

DEWOL OR DEWOL-YAKUN: Foreign devils said to have come from beyond the seas and who according to tradition landed at the seaside village called Dewundare near Matara and proceeded thence to Sinigama near Hikkaduwa. Pilgrims resort to either place and perform there the vows made by them in times of sickness and distress.

DIGGE: The porch of a Dewalaya. It is a building forming the ante-chamber to the Maligawa or sanctuary where the daily hewisi is performed and to which alone worshippers have access. It is a long hall, as its name signifies, and it is there that the dance of the women at festivals, called Digge-netima, takes place.

DISSAWA: The ruler of a Province.

DIWA-NILAME: Principal lay officer of the Dalada-maligawa. The term is supposed to have had its origin from the highest dignitary in the kingdom holding amongst other functions the office of watering the Srimahabodinvahanse or sacred Bo-tree in Anuradhapura,

DIWEL: Hire orremunerationfor service.

DIYAGE: A bath room. The putting up of temporary sheds, or the upkeep of permanent structures as well as supplying water, forms part of the menial services of the Uliamwasam tenants.

DIYA-KACHCHIYA: Coarse cloth bathing dress which it is the duty of the dhobi to supply at the bath. It is also called Diyaredi or Diyapiruwata.

DIYAKEPUMA: The ceremony of cutting water with golden swords by the Kapurala of the Dewale at the customary ford or pond at the close of the Perehera in July or August.

DIYATOTA: The ford or ferry where the above ceremony is performed.

DOLAWA: A palanquin.

DOTALU-MAL: The flowers of the dotalu-tree, a small species of the arecanut-tree used in decorations.

DUMMALA: Powdered resin used at a yak or bali ceremony to give brilliancy to the light.

DUNUKARAWASAMA: The military class. Literally, archers. The lands forming the holding of the Dunukarawasam tenants. Their chief services at present are the carrying of letters and messages, keeping guard at the Walauwe (house) of the proprietor, watching the threshing floor, fetchingbuffaloesfor work and accompanying the proprietor on journeys of state bearing the mura awudaya (lance).

DUNUMALE-PENUMA: The penuma (present) given in the mouth of Nawan (February) by tenants to the high priest of the Sripadastane (Adam’s Peak) so called after an incumbent of that name.

DURUTUMASE: The tenth month of the Sinhalese year (January-February).

DUREYA: A headman of the Wahumpura Badde or Paduwa caste. Also a general name for a palanquin bearer.

DURAWASAMA: The office of Dureya or headman of the Durayi. The tenement of land held by their class. Their services resemble those of the Ganwasama the difference being that instead of cooked they give uncooked provisions, and vegetables or raw provisions instead of sweet-meats for the penuma to the landlord.

EEBITTAYA: A Boy. A priest’s servant.EDANDA: A plank or trunk thrown across a stream. A log bridge.EHELA-GAHA: A post or tree set up at a Dawale at a lucky hour in the month of Ehela as a preliminary to the Perahera. Compare the English May-pole.EHELA-PEREHARA:VidePerahera.ELAWALUKADA: A pingo of vegetables, which is the penuma given to proprietors by the tenants of the lower castes.ELWI: A kind of paddy grown on all hill sides under dry cultivation.EMBETTAYA: A barber.EMBULKETTA: A kitchen knife. It is the penuma given by blacksmith tenants.ETIRILLA: Cloth spread on chairs or other seats out of respect to a guest or headman. (Clough) It is the service of a dhobi tenant.ETULKATTALAYA: The inner room or sanctuary of a Dewale, called also the Maligawa and Dewamandiraya. The term is also applied to all the officers having duties in the sanctuary, such as Kapurala, Batwadanarala, Wattorurala, etc.

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EBITTAYA: A Boy. A priest’s servant.EDANDA: A plank or trunk thrown across a stream. A log bridge.EHELA-GAHA: A post or tree set up at a Dawale at a lucky hour in the month of Ehela as a preliminary to the Perahera. Compare the English May-pole.EHELA-PEREHARA:VidePerahera.ELAWALUKADA: A pingo of vegetables, which is the penuma given to proprietors by the tenants of the lower castes.ELWI: A kind of paddy grown on all hill sides under dry cultivation.EMBETTAYA: A barber.EMBULKETTA: A kitchen knife. It is the penuma given by blacksmith tenants.ETIRILLA: Cloth spread on chairs or other seats out of respect to a guest or headman. (Clough) It is the service of a dhobi tenant.ETULKATTALAYA: The inner room or sanctuary of a Dewale, called also the Maligawa and Dewamandiraya. The term is also applied to all the officers having duties in the sanctuary, such as Kapurala, Batwadanarala, Wattorurala, etc.

EBITTAYA: A Boy. A priest’s servant.

EDANDA: A plank or trunk thrown across a stream. A log bridge.

EHELA-GAHA: A post or tree set up at a Dawale at a lucky hour in the month of Ehela as a preliminary to the Perahera. Compare the English May-pole.

EHELA-PEREHARA:VidePerahera.

ELAWALUKADA: A pingo of vegetables, which is the penuma given to proprietors by the tenants of the lower castes.

ELWI: A kind of paddy grown on all hill sides under dry cultivation.

EMBETTAYA: A barber.

EMBULKETTA: A kitchen knife. It is the penuma given by blacksmith tenants.

ETIRILLA: Cloth spread on chairs or other seats out of respect to a guest or headman. (Clough) It is the service of a dhobi tenant.

ETULKATTALAYA: The inner room or sanctuary of a Dewale, called also the Maligawa and Dewamandiraya. The term is also applied to all the officers having duties in the sanctuary, such as Kapurala, Batwadanarala, Wattorurala, etc.

GGAHONI: Ornamental covers made of cloth to throw over penuma.GALBEMMA: Stone-wall. Rampart.GAL-LADDA: A smith. A stonemason.GAL-ORUWA: A stone trough for water, called also Katharama.GAMANMURE: A turn of attendance at festivals, which in the of case tenants living in remote villages is frequently commuted for a fee. Hence the term.GAMARALA: The headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant.GAMMADUWA-DA: The day of an almsgiving at a Dewale to conciliate the Deviyo in times of sickness.GAMMIRIS: Pepper corn.GANWASAMA: Sometimes written Gammasama. The tenement held by a Ganwasama, the superior class of tenants in a village. Their panguwa supplies the proprietor with persons eligible for appointment to the subordinate offices in a village such as Vidane, Lekama, and Kankanama. The Ganwasama people are often of the same social standing as the proprietor and sometimes are related to him. They are generally the wealthiest people in the village and hold the most fertile lands. Consequently they have to make heavy contributions in the shape of adukku and pehidum to the proprietor and his retinue on his periodical visits, to his officers coming on duty and to his messengers dispatched with orders to tenants. They also have to give the Mahakat monthly, the Penumkat at festivals, and Dankat during Was, and to feed the workmen in the Muttettuwa and officers superintending the work. In the same manner as the Uliyam-wasama has to provide all the ordinary labour in a village so the Ganwasama has to provide all that is required for strangers visiting the village and generally to discharge the duties of hospitality for which the Kandyan villages are celebrated. This entails upon the Ganwasama the necessity of setting apart a place called the Idange for lodging strangers. The whole charge of the Muttettu work devolves on the Ganwasama which also has to superintend and assist in building work at the proprietor’s house attend,at his house on festive and other occasions in times of sickness and at funerals bringing penumkat and provisions. A Ganwasama tenant has to accompany the proprietor on his journeys on public occasions, and to guard his house in his absence. A woman of the panguwa has likewise to wait on the lady of the house and to accompany her on journeys. The Ganwasama takes the lead in the annual presentation of the tenants before the proprietor. In temple villages, in addition to the above services performed to the lay chief, the Ganwasama has to superintend and take part in the preparations for, and celebration of, the festivals.GANGATAYA: The leg of an animal killed in the chase given to the proprietor of the land. Sometimes more than one leg is given.GANLADDA: An owner of land. Sometimes applied to small proprietors, and sometimes to proprietors of inferior castes,e. g., the proprietors of the village Kotaketana (smiths and wood-carvers) are always so styled.GANMURE: Watching at a temple, or the period of service there taken in turns by villages.GANNILE: The service field in a village held by the Gammahe or the village headman for the time being. Field held by a small proprietor and cultivated for him by his tenants.GANPANDURA: Tribute for land. Ground rent.GAN-PAYINDAKARAYA: A messenger under an inferior headman.GARA-YAKUMA: A devil dance performed in some districts at the close of important undertakings such as construction of buildings at the close of the Perehera for the elephants, etc.GEBARALA: A storekeeper whose duty it is to measure the paddy, rice, oil etc., received into and issued out of a temple gabadawa (store).GEWATU-PANAMA: Payment for gardens. Garden rent, as the name implies, originally a fanam.GIKIYANA-PANGUWA: Tenement held by tenants whose service consists in singing at Dewale on “Kenmura” days and on festivals, and in the performance of the Digge-netima, which latter is a service performed by women. The songs generally relate to the exploits of the Dewiyo. The men sing and play on cymbals, drums, etc., and the women dance. The ordinary tom-tom-beater is not allowed to play for dancers of this class, which is supposed to be of Tamil origin.GILANPASA: The evening meal of Buddhists priests restricted to drinkables, as tea, coffee, etc. solid food is prohibited after noon-day.GODA-OTU: Literally, tax on high lands. Tax on chenas.GODAPADDA: A messenger under a headman of the low-castes. The term is in use in the Matale Districts.GORAKA: The fruit of the gamboge tree dried. It imparts to food a delicate acid, and is chiefly used in seasoning fish.GOYIGANAWA: Smoothing the bed of a field, being the last process preparatory to sowing.GURULETTUWA: A goglet.

G

GAHONI: Ornamental covers made of cloth to throw over penuma.GALBEMMA: Stone-wall. Rampart.GAL-LADDA: A smith. A stonemason.GAL-ORUWA: A stone trough for water, called also Katharama.GAMANMURE: A turn of attendance at festivals, which in the of case tenants living in remote villages is frequently commuted for a fee. Hence the term.GAMARALA: The headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant.GAMMADUWA-DA: The day of an almsgiving at a Dewale to conciliate the Deviyo in times of sickness.GAMMIRIS: Pepper corn.GANWASAMA: Sometimes written Gammasama. The tenement held by a Ganwasama, the superior class of tenants in a village. Their panguwa supplies the proprietor with persons eligible for appointment to the subordinate offices in a village such as Vidane, Lekama, and Kankanama. The Ganwasama people are often of the same social standing as the proprietor and sometimes are related to him. They are generally the wealthiest people in the village and hold the most fertile lands. Consequently they have to make heavy contributions in the shape of adukku and pehidum to the proprietor and his retinue on his periodical visits, to his officers coming on duty and to his messengers dispatched with orders to tenants. They also have to give the Mahakat monthly, the Penumkat at festivals, and Dankat during Was, and to feed the workmen in the Muttettuwa and officers superintending the work. In the same manner as the Uliyam-wasama has to provide all the ordinary labour in a village so the Ganwasama has to provide all that is required for strangers visiting the village and generally to discharge the duties of hospitality for which the Kandyan villages are celebrated. This entails upon the Ganwasama the necessity of setting apart a place called the Idange for lodging strangers. The whole charge of the Muttettu work devolves on the Ganwasama which also has to superintend and assist in building work at the proprietor’s house attend,at his house on festive and other occasions in times of sickness and at funerals bringing penumkat and provisions. A Ganwasama tenant has to accompany the proprietor on his journeys on public occasions, and to guard his house in his absence. A woman of the panguwa has likewise to wait on the lady of the house and to accompany her on journeys. The Ganwasama takes the lead in the annual presentation of the tenants before the proprietor. In temple villages, in addition to the above services performed to the lay chief, the Ganwasama has to superintend and take part in the preparations for, and celebration of, the festivals.GANGATAYA: The leg of an animal killed in the chase given to the proprietor of the land. Sometimes more than one leg is given.GANLADDA: An owner of land. Sometimes applied to small proprietors, and sometimes to proprietors of inferior castes,e. g., the proprietors of the village Kotaketana (smiths and wood-carvers) are always so styled.GANMURE: Watching at a temple, or the period of service there taken in turns by villages.GANNILE: The service field in a village held by the Gammahe or the village headman for the time being. Field held by a small proprietor and cultivated for him by his tenants.GANPANDURA: Tribute for land. Ground rent.GAN-PAYINDAKARAYA: A messenger under an inferior headman.GARA-YAKUMA: A devil dance performed in some districts at the close of important undertakings such as construction of buildings at the close of the Perehera for the elephants, etc.GEBARALA: A storekeeper whose duty it is to measure the paddy, rice, oil etc., received into and issued out of a temple gabadawa (store).GEWATU-PANAMA: Payment for gardens. Garden rent, as the name implies, originally a fanam.GIKIYANA-PANGUWA: Tenement held by tenants whose service consists in singing at Dewale on “Kenmura” days and on festivals, and in the performance of the Digge-netima, which latter is a service performed by women. The songs generally relate to the exploits of the Dewiyo. The men sing and play on cymbals, drums, etc., and the women dance. The ordinary tom-tom-beater is not allowed to play for dancers of this class, which is supposed to be of Tamil origin.GILANPASA: The evening meal of Buddhists priests restricted to drinkables, as tea, coffee, etc. solid food is prohibited after noon-day.GODA-OTU: Literally, tax on high lands. Tax on chenas.GODAPADDA: A messenger under a headman of the low-castes. The term is in use in the Matale Districts.GORAKA: The fruit of the gamboge tree dried. It imparts to food a delicate acid, and is chiefly used in seasoning fish.GOYIGANAWA: Smoothing the bed of a field, being the last process preparatory to sowing.GURULETTUWA: A goglet.

GAHONI: Ornamental covers made of cloth to throw over penuma.

GALBEMMA: Stone-wall. Rampart.

GAL-LADDA: A smith. A stonemason.

GAL-ORUWA: A stone trough for water, called also Katharama.

GAMANMURE: A turn of attendance at festivals, which in the of case tenants living in remote villages is frequently commuted for a fee. Hence the term.

GAMARALA: The headman of a village, generally an hereditary office in the family of the principal tenant.

GAMMADUWA-DA: The day of an almsgiving at a Dewale to conciliate the Deviyo in times of sickness.

GAMMIRIS: Pepper corn.

GANWASAMA: Sometimes written Gammasama. The tenement held by a Ganwasama, the superior class of tenants in a village. Their panguwa supplies the proprietor with persons eligible for appointment to the subordinate offices in a village such as Vidane, Lekama, and Kankanama. The Ganwasama people are often of the same social standing as the proprietor and sometimes are related to him. They are generally the wealthiest people in the village and hold the most fertile lands. Consequently they have to make heavy contributions in the shape of adukku and pehidum to the proprietor and his retinue on his periodical visits, to his officers coming on duty and to his messengers dispatched with orders to tenants. They also have to give the Mahakat monthly, the Penumkat at festivals, and Dankat during Was, and to feed the workmen in the Muttettuwa and officers superintending the work. In the same manner as the Uliyam-wasama has to provide all the ordinary labour in a village so the Ganwasama has to provide all that is required for strangers visiting the village and generally to discharge the duties of hospitality for which the Kandyan villages are celebrated. This entails upon the Ganwasama the necessity of setting apart a place called the Idange for lodging strangers. The whole charge of the Muttettu work devolves on the Ganwasama which also has to superintend and assist in building work at the proprietor’s house attend,at his house on festive and other occasions in times of sickness and at funerals bringing penumkat and provisions. A Ganwasama tenant has to accompany the proprietor on his journeys on public occasions, and to guard his house in his absence. A woman of the panguwa has likewise to wait on the lady of the house and to accompany her on journeys. The Ganwasama takes the lead in the annual presentation of the tenants before the proprietor. In temple villages, in addition to the above services performed to the lay chief, the Ganwasama has to superintend and take part in the preparations for, and celebration of, the festivals.

GANGATAYA: The leg of an animal killed in the chase given to the proprietor of the land. Sometimes more than one leg is given.

GANLADDA: An owner of land. Sometimes applied to small proprietors, and sometimes to proprietors of inferior castes,e. g., the proprietors of the village Kotaketana (smiths and wood-carvers) are always so styled.

GANMURE: Watching at a temple, or the period of service there taken in turns by villages.

GANNILE: The service field in a village held by the Gammahe or the village headman for the time being. Field held by a small proprietor and cultivated for him by his tenants.

GANPANDURA: Tribute for land. Ground rent.

GAN-PAYINDAKARAYA: A messenger under an inferior headman.

GARA-YAKUMA: A devil dance performed in some districts at the close of important undertakings such as construction of buildings at the close of the Perehera for the elephants, etc.

GEBARALA: A storekeeper whose duty it is to measure the paddy, rice, oil etc., received into and issued out of a temple gabadawa (store).

GEWATU-PANAMA: Payment for gardens. Garden rent, as the name implies, originally a fanam.

GIKIYANA-PANGUWA: Tenement held by tenants whose service consists in singing at Dewale on “Kenmura” days and on festivals, and in the performance of the Digge-netima, which latter is a service performed by women. The songs generally relate to the exploits of the Dewiyo. The men sing and play on cymbals, drums, etc., and the women dance. The ordinary tom-tom-beater is not allowed to play for dancers of this class, which is supposed to be of Tamil origin.

GILANPASA: The evening meal of Buddhists priests restricted to drinkables, as tea, coffee, etc. solid food is prohibited after noon-day.

GODA-OTU: Literally, tax on high lands. Tax on chenas.

GODAPADDA: A messenger under a headman of the low-castes. The term is in use in the Matale Districts.

GORAKA: The fruit of the gamboge tree dried. It imparts to food a delicate acid, and is chiefly used in seasoning fish.

GOYIGANAWA: Smoothing the bed of a field, being the last process preparatory to sowing.

GURULETTUWA: A goglet.

HHAKDURE: A service of blowing the conch-shell or horn in the daily service of a Dewalaya.HAKGEDIYA: A chank. A conch-shell.HAKPALIHA: The carrying of the conch-shell and shield in procession which forms one of the services of the tenants of temple villages.HAKURU-ESSA: A cake of jaggery. Half a “mula” (packet).HAKURUKETAYA: A ball of jaggery. It is of no definite size.HAKURUMULA: A packet of two cakes of jaggery.HAKURUPATTAYA: Balls of jaggery wrapped up in the sheath of the branch of an arecanut tree.HALUPAINDAYA: Officer in charge of the sacred vestments of a Dewale.HAMBA: Paddy belonging to a temple of the king.HAMBA-ATUWA: The granary belonging to a temple or the king.HAMUDA-WALE-MURAYA: The mura by tenants of Pidawiligam under the Dalada Maligawa.HANGIDIYA: A head-smith.HANGALA: The piru-wataya (lent-cloth) given by dhobies to Kapuwo and Yakdesso.HANNALIYA: A tailor; large Dewala and Wihara establishments have tenants to sew and stitch the sacred vestments, curtains, flags, etc., and to assist in decorating the car.HARASKADAYA: A cross stick in an arch, supplied by tenants for decorations at festivals.HATMALUWA:A curry made of seven kinds of vegetables and offered with rice at a Bali ceremony.HATTIYA: A hat shaped talipot carried on journeys by female attendants of ladies, answering the double purpose of a hat and an umbrella.HAYA-PEHINDUMA: Provisions given to a temple or person of rank, consisting of six neli (seru) of rice and condiments in proportion.HELAYA: A piece of cloth of twelve cubits.HELIYA: A large round vessel with a wide mouth for boiling rice, paddy, etc.HEMA-KADA: Food offering in a Dewala similar to the Ahara-pujawa at a Vihare. It is carried by the proper Kapurala, called Kattiyana-rala, pingo-fashion, and delivered at the door of the sanctuary to the officiating Kapurala.HENDA-DURE: The evening hewisi (music) at a Dewale.HENDUWA: Elephant-goad.HEPPUWA: A box, a basket. The term is in use in the Kegalle District in connection with a penuma of sweetmeats called Kevili-heppuwa just as in other Districts it is called Kevili-pettiya.HEWAMUDALA: Payment in lieu of the services of a tenant of the Hewasam or military class.HEWAWASAMA: The tenement held by the Hewawasama. The military class. Their services at present are those of the Atapattuwasama and consist in carrying messages and letters etc., accompanying the proprietor on journeys, carrying his umbrella or talipot and keeping guard at halting places attending to the service of betel, guarding the proprietor’s house, watching threshing floors, attending at funerals and setting fire to the pyre. They present a penuma of sweetmeats and receive as funeralprerequisitesa suit of clothes. Persons of their wasama, as those of the Ganwasama, are chosen for subordinate offices.HEVENPEDURA: A mat made of a kind of rush.HEWISI-MANDAPPAYA: The court where the Hewisi (music) is performed in a Vihare corresponding to the Digge in a Dewale.HILDANE: The early morning meal of Buddhist priests, generally of rice-gruel.HILEKAN: Registers of fields.HIMILA: Money given by a proprietor as hire for buffaloes employed in ploughing and threshing crops.HIRAMANAYA: A cocoanut scraper. It is an article of penuma with blacksmith tenants.HIROHI-NETIMA: Called also Niroginetima. It is a dance at the procession returning from the Diyakepima of the Saragune Dewale in the Badulla District.HITIMURAYA: The turn for being on guard at a temple or a chief’s house. It consists generally of fifteen days at a time, nights included. The tenant both on entering upon and on leaving his muraya, appears before the incumbent or chief with the penuma of a roll of betel, and when on mure has the charge of the place and its property, clears and sweeps the premises, attends to ordinary repairs, fetches flowers in temples and goes on messages. He receives food from the temple.HIWEL: Coulters, the providing of which forms one of the services of a blacksmith tenant.HIWEL-ANDE: Cultivators’ share of the produce of a field being half of the crop after deducting the various payments called “Waraweri” which are (1) Bittara-wi (seed-padi), as much as had been sown and half as much as interest;(2) Deyyanne-wi, 4 or 5 laha of paddy set apart for the Dewiyo, or boiled into rice and distributed in alms to the poor; (3) Adipalla, the lower layers of the stacked paddy;(4) Peldora, the ears of com round the watchhut which together with Adipalla are the watcher’sprerequisites(5) Yakunewi, paddy set apart for a devil ceremony. Besides the above, “Akyala” (first-fruits) is offered to the Deviyo for special protection to the crop from vermin, flies, etc.HULAWALIYA: The headman of the Rodi. The Rodi tenants are very few in number and are found in but very few villages. They supply prepared leather for drums and ropes of hide halters, thongs and cords for cattle and bury carcases of dead animals found on the estate to which they belong.

H

HAKDURE: A service of blowing the conch-shell or horn in the daily service of a Dewalaya.HAKGEDIYA: A chank. A conch-shell.HAKPALIHA: The carrying of the conch-shell and shield in procession which forms one of the services of the tenants of temple villages.HAKURU-ESSA: A cake of jaggery. Half a “mula” (packet).HAKURUKETAYA: A ball of jaggery. It is of no definite size.HAKURUMULA: A packet of two cakes of jaggery.HAKURUPATTAYA: Balls of jaggery wrapped up in the sheath of the branch of an arecanut tree.HALUPAINDAYA: Officer in charge of the sacred vestments of a Dewale.HAMBA: Paddy belonging to a temple of the king.HAMBA-ATUWA: The granary belonging to a temple or the king.HAMUDA-WALE-MURAYA: The mura by tenants of Pidawiligam under the Dalada Maligawa.HANGIDIYA: A head-smith.HANGALA: The piru-wataya (lent-cloth) given by dhobies to Kapuwo and Yakdesso.HANNALIYA: A tailor; large Dewala and Wihara establishments have tenants to sew and stitch the sacred vestments, curtains, flags, etc., and to assist in decorating the car.HARASKADAYA: A cross stick in an arch, supplied by tenants for decorations at festivals.HATMALUWA:A curry made of seven kinds of vegetables and offered with rice at a Bali ceremony.HATTIYA: A hat shaped talipot carried on journeys by female attendants of ladies, answering the double purpose of a hat and an umbrella.HAYA-PEHINDUMA: Provisions given to a temple or person of rank, consisting of six neli (seru) of rice and condiments in proportion.HELAYA: A piece of cloth of twelve cubits.HELIYA: A large round vessel with a wide mouth for boiling rice, paddy, etc.HEMA-KADA: Food offering in a Dewala similar to the Ahara-pujawa at a Vihare. It is carried by the proper Kapurala, called Kattiyana-rala, pingo-fashion, and delivered at the door of the sanctuary to the officiating Kapurala.HENDA-DURE: The evening hewisi (music) at a Dewale.HENDUWA: Elephant-goad.HEPPUWA: A box, a basket. The term is in use in the Kegalle District in connection with a penuma of sweetmeats called Kevili-heppuwa just as in other Districts it is called Kevili-pettiya.HEWAMUDALA: Payment in lieu of the services of a tenant of the Hewasam or military class.HEWAWASAMA: The tenement held by the Hewawasama. The military class. Their services at present are those of the Atapattuwasama and consist in carrying messages and letters etc., accompanying the proprietor on journeys, carrying his umbrella or talipot and keeping guard at halting places attending to the service of betel, guarding the proprietor’s house, watching threshing floors, attending at funerals and setting fire to the pyre. They present a penuma of sweetmeats and receive as funeralprerequisitesa suit of clothes. Persons of their wasama, as those of the Ganwasama, are chosen for subordinate offices.HEVENPEDURA: A mat made of a kind of rush.HEWISI-MANDAPPAYA: The court where the Hewisi (music) is performed in a Vihare corresponding to the Digge in a Dewale.HILDANE: The early morning meal of Buddhist priests, generally of rice-gruel.HILEKAN: Registers of fields.HIMILA: Money given by a proprietor as hire for buffaloes employed in ploughing and threshing crops.HIRAMANAYA: A cocoanut scraper. It is an article of penuma with blacksmith tenants.HIROHI-NETIMA: Called also Niroginetima. It is a dance at the procession returning from the Diyakepima of the Saragune Dewale in the Badulla District.HITIMURAYA: The turn for being on guard at a temple or a chief’s house. It consists generally of fifteen days at a time, nights included. The tenant both on entering upon and on leaving his muraya, appears before the incumbent or chief with the penuma of a roll of betel, and when on mure has the charge of the place and its property, clears and sweeps the premises, attends to ordinary repairs, fetches flowers in temples and goes on messages. He receives food from the temple.HIWEL: Coulters, the providing of which forms one of the services of a blacksmith tenant.HIWEL-ANDE: Cultivators’ share of the produce of a field being half of the crop after deducting the various payments called “Waraweri” which are (1) Bittara-wi (seed-padi), as much as had been sown and half as much as interest;(2) Deyyanne-wi, 4 or 5 laha of paddy set apart for the Dewiyo, or boiled into rice and distributed in alms to the poor; (3) Adipalla, the lower layers of the stacked paddy;(4) Peldora, the ears of com round the watchhut which together with Adipalla are the watcher’sprerequisites(5) Yakunewi, paddy set apart for a devil ceremony. Besides the above, “Akyala” (first-fruits) is offered to the Deviyo for special protection to the crop from vermin, flies, etc.HULAWALIYA: The headman of the Rodi. The Rodi tenants are very few in number and are found in but very few villages. They supply prepared leather for drums and ropes of hide halters, thongs and cords for cattle and bury carcases of dead animals found on the estate to which they belong.

HAKDURE: A service of blowing the conch-shell or horn in the daily service of a Dewalaya.

HAKGEDIYA: A chank. A conch-shell.

HAKPALIHA: The carrying of the conch-shell and shield in procession which forms one of the services of the tenants of temple villages.

HAKURU-ESSA: A cake of jaggery. Half a “mula” (packet).

HAKURUKETAYA: A ball of jaggery. It is of no definite size.

HAKURUMULA: A packet of two cakes of jaggery.

HAKURUPATTAYA: Balls of jaggery wrapped up in the sheath of the branch of an arecanut tree.

HALUPAINDAYA: Officer in charge of the sacred vestments of a Dewale.

HAMBA: Paddy belonging to a temple of the king.

HAMBA-ATUWA: The granary belonging to a temple or the king.

HAMUDA-WALE-MURAYA: The mura by tenants of Pidawiligam under the Dalada Maligawa.

HANGIDIYA: A head-smith.

HANGALA: The piru-wataya (lent-cloth) given by dhobies to Kapuwo and Yakdesso.

HANNALIYA: A tailor; large Dewala and Wihara establishments have tenants to sew and stitch the sacred vestments, curtains, flags, etc., and to assist in decorating the car.

HARASKADAYA: A cross stick in an arch, supplied by tenants for decorations at festivals.

HATMALUWA:A curry made of seven kinds of vegetables and offered with rice at a Bali ceremony.

HATTIYA: A hat shaped talipot carried on journeys by female attendants of ladies, answering the double purpose of a hat and an umbrella.

HAYA-PEHINDUMA: Provisions given to a temple or person of rank, consisting of six neli (seru) of rice and condiments in proportion.

HELAYA: A piece of cloth of twelve cubits.

HELIYA: A large round vessel with a wide mouth for boiling rice, paddy, etc.

HEMA-KADA: Food offering in a Dewala similar to the Ahara-pujawa at a Vihare. It is carried by the proper Kapurala, called Kattiyana-rala, pingo-fashion, and delivered at the door of the sanctuary to the officiating Kapurala.

HENDA-DURE: The evening hewisi (music) at a Dewale.

HENDUWA: Elephant-goad.

HEPPUWA: A box, a basket. The term is in use in the Kegalle District in connection with a penuma of sweetmeats called Kevili-heppuwa just as in other Districts it is called Kevili-pettiya.

HEWAMUDALA: Payment in lieu of the services of a tenant of the Hewasam or military class.

HEWAWASAMA: The tenement held by the Hewawasama. The military class. Their services at present are those of the Atapattuwasama and consist in carrying messages and letters etc., accompanying the proprietor on journeys, carrying his umbrella or talipot and keeping guard at halting places attending to the service of betel, guarding the proprietor’s house, watching threshing floors, attending at funerals and setting fire to the pyre. They present a penuma of sweetmeats and receive as funeralprerequisitesa suit of clothes. Persons of their wasama, as those of the Ganwasama, are chosen for subordinate offices.

HEVENPEDURA: A mat made of a kind of rush.

HEWISI-MANDAPPAYA: The court where the Hewisi (music) is performed in a Vihare corresponding to the Digge in a Dewale.

HILDANE: The early morning meal of Buddhist priests, generally of rice-gruel.

HILEKAN: Registers of fields.

HIMILA: Money given by a proprietor as hire for buffaloes employed in ploughing and threshing crops.

HIRAMANAYA: A cocoanut scraper. It is an article of penuma with blacksmith tenants.

HIROHI-NETIMA: Called also Niroginetima. It is a dance at the procession returning from the Diyakepima of the Saragune Dewale in the Badulla District.

HITIMURAYA: The turn for being on guard at a temple or a chief’s house. It consists generally of fifteen days at a time, nights included. The tenant both on entering upon and on leaving his muraya, appears before the incumbent or chief with the penuma of a roll of betel, and when on mure has the charge of the place and its property, clears and sweeps the premises, attends to ordinary repairs, fetches flowers in temples and goes on messages. He receives food from the temple.

HIWEL: Coulters, the providing of which forms one of the services of a blacksmith tenant.

HIWEL-ANDE: Cultivators’ share of the produce of a field being half of the crop after deducting the various payments called “Waraweri” which are (1) Bittara-wi (seed-padi), as much as had been sown and half as much as interest;(2) Deyyanne-wi, 4 or 5 laha of paddy set apart for the Dewiyo, or boiled into rice and distributed in alms to the poor; (3) Adipalla, the lower layers of the stacked paddy;(4) Peldora, the ears of com round the watchhut which together with Adipalla are the watcher’sprerequisites(5) Yakunewi, paddy set apart for a devil ceremony. Besides the above, “Akyala” (first-fruits) is offered to the Deviyo for special protection to the crop from vermin, flies, etc.

HULAWALIYA: The headman of the Rodi. The Rodi tenants are very few in number and are found in but very few villages. They supply prepared leather for drums and ropes of hide halters, thongs and cords for cattle and bury carcases of dead animals found on the estate to which they belong.

IIDANGE OR IDAMA: The principal building where visitors of rank are lodged in a village.IDINNA: Called also Usna. A smith’s forge.ILLATTATTUWA: A betel-tray. The penuma given by a tenant engaged incarpentryor by a carver in wood.ILMASA: The eighth month of the Sinhalese year (Nov. Dec.)IRATTUWA: A word of Tamil extraction and applied to a kind of native cloth originally made by the Mahabadde people and at present by the tom-tom beater caste.IRILENSUWA: A striped handkerchief given as a penuma by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.ISSARA: The individual share or strip of land in a range of fields cultivated by the shareholders in common.ITIPANDAMA: A wax candle.ITIWADALA: A lump of wax. In the honey-producing jungle districts as Nuwarakalawiya, Matale North etc., honey and itiwadal are dues to which a proprietor is entitled.

I

IDANGE OR IDAMA: The principal building where visitors of rank are lodged in a village.IDINNA: Called also Usna. A smith’s forge.ILLATTATTUWA: A betel-tray. The penuma given by a tenant engaged incarpentryor by a carver in wood.ILMASA: The eighth month of the Sinhalese year (Nov. Dec.)IRATTUWA: A word of Tamil extraction and applied to a kind of native cloth originally made by the Mahabadde people and at present by the tom-tom beater caste.IRILENSUWA: A striped handkerchief given as a penuma by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.ISSARA: The individual share or strip of land in a range of fields cultivated by the shareholders in common.ITIPANDAMA: A wax candle.ITIWADALA: A lump of wax. In the honey-producing jungle districts as Nuwarakalawiya, Matale North etc., honey and itiwadal are dues to which a proprietor is entitled.

IDANGE OR IDAMA: The principal building where visitors of rank are lodged in a village.

IDINNA: Called also Usna. A smith’s forge.

ILLATTATTUWA: A betel-tray. The penuma given by a tenant engaged incarpentryor by a carver in wood.

ILMASA: The eighth month of the Sinhalese year (Nov. Dec.)

IRATTUWA: A word of Tamil extraction and applied to a kind of native cloth originally made by the Mahabadde people and at present by the tom-tom beater caste.

IRILENSUWA: A striped handkerchief given as a penuma by tenants of the tom-tom beater caste.

ISSARA: The individual share or strip of land in a range of fields cultivated by the shareholders in common.

ITIPANDAMA: A wax candle.

ITIWADALA: A lump of wax. In the honey-producing jungle districts as Nuwarakalawiya, Matale North etc., honey and itiwadal are dues to which a proprietor is entitled.

JJAMMAKKARAYA: A low-caste man. This is the sense in which the word is at present used in the Kandyan country but is proper meaning is a man of caste—of good birth.

J

JAMMAKKARAYA: A low-caste man. This is the sense in which the word is at present used in the Kandyan country but is proper meaning is a man of caste—of good birth.

JAMMAKKARAYA: A low-caste man. This is the sense in which the word is at present used in the Kandyan country but is proper meaning is a man of caste—of good birth.

KKADA: A load divided into two portions of equal weight and tied to the two ends of a pole, which is balanced on the shoulder, called in Ceylon a “pingo” and in India a “bhangy.”KADAKETTA: a razor.KADAPAIYA: A long bag or purse called also Olonguwa.KADA-RAJAKARIYA: A pingo-load of village supplies given to the king by the Ganwasam. The Gamarala had to deliver it in person in Kandy. The chiefs, lands exempted from tax for loyalty to the British Government were not relieved of the pingo duty. (See proclamation of 21st November 1818, Clause 22).KAHADIYARA: Sprinkling water used by a Kapurala in ceremonies.KAHAMIRIS: Saffron and chillies.KAHATAPOTU: Bark of the saffron tree used in dyeing priests’ robes.KALAGEDIYA OR KALAYA: A pot, the ordinary vessel used by water-carriers.KALALA: Carpets, or mats made of a kind of fibre (Sanseviera Zeylanica.)KALANCHIYA: A Tamil word for an earthenware spitting pot.KALA-PANDAMA OR KILA-PANDAMA: A branched torch with generally three lights sometimes, sixseeATPANDAMA.KALAS: Earthenware lamps with stands for decorations.KAMMALA: A forge. A smithy.KAMMALKASI: Payment in lieu of service at the smithy.KAMATA: A threshing-floor.KANGAN: Black cloth given to attendants at funerals.KANHENDA: An ear-pick.KANKANAMA: An overseer.KANKARIYA: A devil ceremony.KANUWA: A post.KAPHITUNDAWASA: The day on which a pole is set up in a Dewale for the Perehera,seeEhelagaha.KAPURALA: A dewala-priest. The Office is hereditary.KARANDA: A tree, the twigs of which are in general use amongst Buddhist priests by way of tooth brushes. The village of Tittawelgoda has to supply annually 2000 of these tooth-brushes to the Dambulla monastery.KARANDU-HUNU: Chunam to offer with betel at the sanctuary.KARAKGEDIYA: A portable wicker basket for catching fish open at both ends and conical in shape used in shallow streams.KARAWALA: Dried fish, the usual penuma of Moor tenants.KARIYA KARANARALA: Officer second in rank to the Diwa Nilame in the Dalada Maligawa. The office is restricted to a few families and the appointment is in the hands of the Diwa Nilame, who receives a large fee for it at the yearly nomination. As the Diwa Nilame’s deputy, the Kariyakaranarala attends to all the business matters of the Maligawa and is entitled to valuable dues from subordinate headmen on appointment.KASAPEN: Young cocoanuts generally given as penuma.KATARAMA:Same as Galoruwa.KATBULATHURULU: Penuma consisting of pingoes and money with betel.KATGAHA: Sometimes called Kajjagaha. The same as Ehelagaha q.v.KATHAL: The pingo-loads of rice due to the king by way of the Crown dues on all lands cultivated with paddy, except those belonging to the Duggenewili people or class from which the King’s domestic servants were taken.KATMUDALA: Money payment in lieu of the above.KATTIYANAMURAYA: The turn for the tenant of a kapu family to perform the service of carrying from the multenge (Dewale kitchen) to the Maligawa (the sanctuary) the multen-kada or daily food offering.KATUKITUL: Wild prickly kitul the flowers of which are used in decorations.KATUPELALI: Rough screens made of branches as substitutes for walls in temporary buildings.KATU-PIHIYA: A small knife of the size of a penknife with a stylus to it.KAWANI: A kind of cloth.KATTIYA: A general term for a festival, but in particular applied to the festival of lights in Nov.-Dec. called Kattimangalaya.KEDAGAN: A palanquin fitted up (with sticks) for the occasion to take the insignia of a Deviyo in procession.KEHELMUWA: Flower of the plantain.KEKULHAL: Rice pounded from native paddy.KEKUNA-TEL: Common lamp oil extracted from the nuts of the Kekuna tree; the oil is largely used in illuminations at festivals and given as garden dues by tenants.KEMBERA: The beating of tom-toms on Kenmura days.KENDIYA-WEDAMAWIMA: The carrying in procession of the Rankendiya or sacred-vessel containing water after the Diyakepima.KENMURA: Wednesdays and Saturdays on which are held the regular services of a Dewale.KERAWALA: Half of a pingo. Half of a panguwa.KETIUDALU: Bill-hooks and hoes. Agricultural implements supplied by the proprietor for work in the Muttettu fields. He supplies the iron and the smith tenant makes the necessary implements, assisted by the nilawasam tenants who contribute the charcoal.KEVILI-HELIYA: A chatty of sweetmeats given as penuma.KEVILI-KADA: A pingo of sweetmeats given as penuma by high caste tenants.KEVILI-KIRIBAT: Sweetmeats and rice boiled in milk.KEVILI-HEPPUWA: See heppuwa.KEVILI-TATTUWA: See heppuwa.KEWUN: Cakes, sweetmeats.KEWUN-KESELKAN: Sweetmeats and ripe plantains.KILLOTAYA: A chunam-box given as a penuma by smith tenants.KINISSA: A ladle, a common cocoanut spoon.KIRI-AHARA OR KIRIBAT: Rice boiled in milk and served on festive occasions.KIRIMETI: Pipe-clay. The supplying and preparation of clay for the Badaheleya (potter) when making bricks and tiles for a proprietor forms one of the duties of every tenant of a temple village, and of the tenants of the Nila or Uliyam pangu in a chief’s village.KIRIUTURANA-MANGALYAYA: The ceremony of boiling milk at a Dewale generally at the Sinhalese new year and after a Diyakepima.KITUL-ANDA-MURE: The half share of the toddy of all kitul trees tapped, which is the due of the proprietor. The trees are tapped by Wahumpura tenants by who are also called Hakuro, and the toddy is converted into the syrup from which hakuru (jaggery) is made.KITUL-PENI-MUDIYA: A small quantity of kitul syrup carried in a leaf and served out to tenants in mura.KODI: Flags.KOLALANU: Cords for tying sheaves.KÔLAN: Masks worn in dancing in Dewala festivals.KOLMURA: A rehearsal at the Nata Dewala by the Uliyakkarayo before the Perehera starts.KOMBUWA: A bugle, a horn. It is blown at the Tewawa or service at a Dewale. There arespecialtenants for this service.KORAHA: A large wide-mouthed chatty used as a basin.KONA: The year’s end. The Sinhalese new year (April).KOTAHALU: The cloth worn by a young female arriving at puberty, which is the perquisite of the family dhobi, with other presents given at the festivities held on theoccasion.KOTALE: An earthenware vessel with a spout given as a penuma by the potter to petty officers.KOTTALBADDE VIDANE: The headman of smith villages.KOVAYA: An earthenware crucible. A socket for candles.KOVILA: A small temple. A minor Dewale.KÛDE: A basket to remove earth, sand, etc.KUDAYA: An umbrella.KUDAMASSAN: Small fishes cured for curry.KULU: Winnowing fans made of bamboo.KUMBAL-PEREHERA: Preliminary Perehera at a Dewale when the insignia are carried in procession round the inner Court for five days, followed by the Dewale Perehera for five days twice a day round the Widiya, and the Randoli or Maha Perehera for five days.KUMBAYA: A post, a pole for arches in decorations.KUMARIHAMILLA: Ladies of rank.KUMARA-TALA-ATTA: A talipot of state. An ornamental talipot carried in processions by tenants of superior grade.KUNAMA: The palanquin carried in procession at the Perehera containing inside the insignia of a Deviyo. It is also called Randoliya.KURUMBA: The same as Kasapen.KURU: Hair-pins.KURU-KANDA: A candle stick made of clay, called also Kotvilakkuwa.KURAPAYIYA: The same as Kadapayiya.KURUNIYA: One eighth of a bushel or four seer.KURUWITALE: Spear used at elephant kraals.KUSALANA: A cup.

K

KADA: A load divided into two portions of equal weight and tied to the two ends of a pole, which is balanced on the shoulder, called in Ceylon a “pingo” and in India a “bhangy.”KADAKETTA: a razor.KADAPAIYA: A long bag or purse called also Olonguwa.KADA-RAJAKARIYA: A pingo-load of village supplies given to the king by the Ganwasam. The Gamarala had to deliver it in person in Kandy. The chiefs, lands exempted from tax for loyalty to the British Government were not relieved of the pingo duty. (See proclamation of 21st November 1818, Clause 22).KAHADIYARA: Sprinkling water used by a Kapurala in ceremonies.KAHAMIRIS: Saffron and chillies.KAHATAPOTU: Bark of the saffron tree used in dyeing priests’ robes.KALAGEDIYA OR KALAYA: A pot, the ordinary vessel used by water-carriers.KALALA: Carpets, or mats made of a kind of fibre (Sanseviera Zeylanica.)KALANCHIYA: A Tamil word for an earthenware spitting pot.KALA-PANDAMA OR KILA-PANDAMA: A branched torch with generally three lights sometimes, sixseeATPANDAMA.KALAS: Earthenware lamps with stands for decorations.KAMMALA: A forge. A smithy.KAMMALKASI: Payment in lieu of service at the smithy.KAMATA: A threshing-floor.KANGAN: Black cloth given to attendants at funerals.KANHENDA: An ear-pick.KANKANAMA: An overseer.KANKARIYA: A devil ceremony.KANUWA: A post.KAPHITUNDAWASA: The day on which a pole is set up in a Dewale for the Perehera,seeEhelagaha.KAPURALA: A dewala-priest. The Office is hereditary.KARANDA: A tree, the twigs of which are in general use amongst Buddhist priests by way of tooth brushes. The village of Tittawelgoda has to supply annually 2000 of these tooth-brushes to the Dambulla monastery.KARANDU-HUNU: Chunam to offer with betel at the sanctuary.KARAKGEDIYA: A portable wicker basket for catching fish open at both ends and conical in shape used in shallow streams.KARAWALA: Dried fish, the usual penuma of Moor tenants.KARIYA KARANARALA: Officer second in rank to the Diwa Nilame in the Dalada Maligawa. The office is restricted to a few families and the appointment is in the hands of the Diwa Nilame, who receives a large fee for it at the yearly nomination. As the Diwa Nilame’s deputy, the Kariyakaranarala attends to all the business matters of the Maligawa and is entitled to valuable dues from subordinate headmen on appointment.KASAPEN: Young cocoanuts generally given as penuma.KATARAMA:Same as Galoruwa.KATBULATHURULU: Penuma consisting of pingoes and money with betel.KATGAHA: Sometimes called Kajjagaha. The same as Ehelagaha q.v.KATHAL: The pingo-loads of rice due to the king by way of the Crown dues on all lands cultivated with paddy, except those belonging to the Duggenewili people or class from which the King’s domestic servants were taken.KATMUDALA: Money payment in lieu of the above.KATTIYANAMURAYA: The turn for the tenant of a kapu family to perform the service of carrying from the multenge (Dewale kitchen) to the Maligawa (the sanctuary) the multen-kada or daily food offering.KATUKITUL: Wild prickly kitul the flowers of which are used in decorations.KATUPELALI: Rough screens made of branches as substitutes for walls in temporary buildings.KATU-PIHIYA: A small knife of the size of a penknife with a stylus to it.KAWANI: A kind of cloth.KATTIYA: A general term for a festival, but in particular applied to the festival of lights in Nov.-Dec. called Kattimangalaya.KEDAGAN: A palanquin fitted up (with sticks) for the occasion to take the insignia of a Deviyo in procession.KEHELMUWA: Flower of the plantain.KEKULHAL: Rice pounded from native paddy.KEKUNA-TEL: Common lamp oil extracted from the nuts of the Kekuna tree; the oil is largely used in illuminations at festivals and given as garden dues by tenants.KEMBERA: The beating of tom-toms on Kenmura days.KENDIYA-WEDAMAWIMA: The carrying in procession of the Rankendiya or sacred-vessel containing water after the Diyakepima.KENMURA: Wednesdays and Saturdays on which are held the regular services of a Dewale.KERAWALA: Half of a pingo. Half of a panguwa.KETIUDALU: Bill-hooks and hoes. Agricultural implements supplied by the proprietor for work in the Muttettu fields. He supplies the iron and the smith tenant makes the necessary implements, assisted by the nilawasam tenants who contribute the charcoal.KEVILI-HELIYA: A chatty of sweetmeats given as penuma.KEVILI-KADA: A pingo of sweetmeats given as penuma by high caste tenants.KEVILI-KIRIBAT: Sweetmeats and rice boiled in milk.KEVILI-HEPPUWA: See heppuwa.KEVILI-TATTUWA: See heppuwa.KEWUN: Cakes, sweetmeats.KEWUN-KESELKAN: Sweetmeats and ripe plantains.KILLOTAYA: A chunam-box given as a penuma by smith tenants.KINISSA: A ladle, a common cocoanut spoon.KIRI-AHARA OR KIRIBAT: Rice boiled in milk and served on festive occasions.KIRIMETI: Pipe-clay. The supplying and preparation of clay for the Badaheleya (potter) when making bricks and tiles for a proprietor forms one of the duties of every tenant of a temple village, and of the tenants of the Nila or Uliyam pangu in a chief’s village.KIRIUTURANA-MANGALYAYA: The ceremony of boiling milk at a Dewale generally at the Sinhalese new year and after a Diyakepima.KITUL-ANDA-MURE: The half share of the toddy of all kitul trees tapped, which is the due of the proprietor. The trees are tapped by Wahumpura tenants by who are also called Hakuro, and the toddy is converted into the syrup from which hakuru (jaggery) is made.KITUL-PENI-MUDIYA: A small quantity of kitul syrup carried in a leaf and served out to tenants in mura.KODI: Flags.KOLALANU: Cords for tying sheaves.KÔLAN: Masks worn in dancing in Dewala festivals.KOLMURA: A rehearsal at the Nata Dewala by the Uliyakkarayo before the Perehera starts.KOMBUWA: A bugle, a horn. It is blown at the Tewawa or service at a Dewale. There arespecialtenants for this service.KORAHA: A large wide-mouthed chatty used as a basin.KONA: The year’s end. The Sinhalese new year (April).KOTAHALU: The cloth worn by a young female arriving at puberty, which is the perquisite of the family dhobi, with other presents given at the festivities held on theoccasion.KOTALE: An earthenware vessel with a spout given as a penuma by the potter to petty officers.KOTTALBADDE VIDANE: The headman of smith villages.KOVAYA: An earthenware crucible. A socket for candles.KOVILA: A small temple. A minor Dewale.KÛDE: A basket to remove earth, sand, etc.KUDAYA: An umbrella.KUDAMASSAN: Small fishes cured for curry.KULU: Winnowing fans made of bamboo.KUMBAL-PEREHERA: Preliminary Perehera at a Dewale when the insignia are carried in procession round the inner Court for five days, followed by the Dewale Perehera for five days twice a day round the Widiya, and the Randoli or Maha Perehera for five days.KUMBAYA: A post, a pole for arches in decorations.KUMARIHAMILLA: Ladies of rank.KUMARA-TALA-ATTA: A talipot of state. An ornamental talipot carried in processions by tenants of superior grade.KUNAMA: The palanquin carried in procession at the Perehera containing inside the insignia of a Deviyo. It is also called Randoliya.KURUMBA: The same as Kasapen.KURU: Hair-pins.KURU-KANDA: A candle stick made of clay, called also Kotvilakkuwa.KURAPAYIYA: The same as Kadapayiya.KURUNIYA: One eighth of a bushel or four seer.KURUWITALE: Spear used at elephant kraals.KUSALANA: A cup.

KADA: A load divided into two portions of equal weight and tied to the two ends of a pole, which is balanced on the shoulder, called in Ceylon a “pingo” and in India a “bhangy.”

KADAKETTA: a razor.

KADAPAIYA: A long bag or purse called also Olonguwa.

KADA-RAJAKARIYA: A pingo-load of village supplies given to the king by the Ganwasam. The Gamarala had to deliver it in person in Kandy. The chiefs, lands exempted from tax for loyalty to the British Government were not relieved of the pingo duty. (See proclamation of 21st November 1818, Clause 22).

KAHADIYARA: Sprinkling water used by a Kapurala in ceremonies.

KAHAMIRIS: Saffron and chillies.

KAHATAPOTU: Bark of the saffron tree used in dyeing priests’ robes.

KALAGEDIYA OR KALAYA: A pot, the ordinary vessel used by water-carriers.

KALALA: Carpets, or mats made of a kind of fibre (Sanseviera Zeylanica.)

KALANCHIYA: A Tamil word for an earthenware spitting pot.

KALA-PANDAMA OR KILA-PANDAMA: A branched torch with generally three lights sometimes, sixseeATPANDAMA.

KALAS: Earthenware lamps with stands for decorations.

KAMMALA: A forge. A smithy.

KAMMALKASI: Payment in lieu of service at the smithy.

KAMATA: A threshing-floor.

KANGAN: Black cloth given to attendants at funerals.

KANHENDA: An ear-pick.

KANKANAMA: An overseer.

KANKARIYA: A devil ceremony.

KANUWA: A post.

KAPHITUNDAWASA: The day on which a pole is set up in a Dewale for the Perehera,seeEhelagaha.

KAPURALA: A dewala-priest. The Office is hereditary.

KARANDA: A tree, the twigs of which are in general use amongst Buddhist priests by way of tooth brushes. The village of Tittawelgoda has to supply annually 2000 of these tooth-brushes to the Dambulla monastery.

KARANDU-HUNU: Chunam to offer with betel at the sanctuary.

KARAKGEDIYA: A portable wicker basket for catching fish open at both ends and conical in shape used in shallow streams.

KARAWALA: Dried fish, the usual penuma of Moor tenants.

KARIYA KARANARALA: Officer second in rank to the Diwa Nilame in the Dalada Maligawa. The office is restricted to a few families and the appointment is in the hands of the Diwa Nilame, who receives a large fee for it at the yearly nomination. As the Diwa Nilame’s deputy, the Kariyakaranarala attends to all the business matters of the Maligawa and is entitled to valuable dues from subordinate headmen on appointment.

KASAPEN: Young cocoanuts generally given as penuma.

KATARAMA:Same as Galoruwa.

KATBULATHURULU: Penuma consisting of pingoes and money with betel.

KATGAHA: Sometimes called Kajjagaha. The same as Ehelagaha q.v.

KATHAL: The pingo-loads of rice due to the king by way of the Crown dues on all lands cultivated with paddy, except those belonging to the Duggenewili people or class from which the King’s domestic servants were taken.

KATMUDALA: Money payment in lieu of the above.

KATTIYANAMURAYA: The turn for the tenant of a kapu family to perform the service of carrying from the multenge (Dewale kitchen) to the Maligawa (the sanctuary) the multen-kada or daily food offering.

KATUKITUL: Wild prickly kitul the flowers of which are used in decorations.

KATUPELALI: Rough screens made of branches as substitutes for walls in temporary buildings.

KATU-PIHIYA: A small knife of the size of a penknife with a stylus to it.

KAWANI: A kind of cloth.

KATTIYA: A general term for a festival, but in particular applied to the festival of lights in Nov.-Dec. called Kattimangalaya.

KEDAGAN: A palanquin fitted up (with sticks) for the occasion to take the insignia of a Deviyo in procession.

KEHELMUWA: Flower of the plantain.

KEKULHAL: Rice pounded from native paddy.

KEKUNA-TEL: Common lamp oil extracted from the nuts of the Kekuna tree; the oil is largely used in illuminations at festivals and given as garden dues by tenants.

KEMBERA: The beating of tom-toms on Kenmura days.

KENDIYA-WEDAMAWIMA: The carrying in procession of the Rankendiya or sacred-vessel containing water after the Diyakepima.

KENMURA: Wednesdays and Saturdays on which are held the regular services of a Dewale.

KERAWALA: Half of a pingo. Half of a panguwa.

KETIUDALU: Bill-hooks and hoes. Agricultural implements supplied by the proprietor for work in the Muttettu fields. He supplies the iron and the smith tenant makes the necessary implements, assisted by the nilawasam tenants who contribute the charcoal.

KEVILI-HELIYA: A chatty of sweetmeats given as penuma.

KEVILI-KADA: A pingo of sweetmeats given as penuma by high caste tenants.

KEVILI-KIRIBAT: Sweetmeats and rice boiled in milk.

KEVILI-HEPPUWA: See heppuwa.

KEVILI-TATTUWA: See heppuwa.

KEWUN: Cakes, sweetmeats.

KEWUN-KESELKAN: Sweetmeats and ripe plantains.

KILLOTAYA: A chunam-box given as a penuma by smith tenants.

KINISSA: A ladle, a common cocoanut spoon.

KIRI-AHARA OR KIRIBAT: Rice boiled in milk and served on festive occasions.

KIRIMETI: Pipe-clay. The supplying and preparation of clay for the Badaheleya (potter) when making bricks and tiles for a proprietor forms one of the duties of every tenant of a temple village, and of the tenants of the Nila or Uliyam pangu in a chief’s village.

KIRIUTURANA-MANGALYAYA: The ceremony of boiling milk at a Dewale generally at the Sinhalese new year and after a Diyakepima.

KITUL-ANDA-MURE: The half share of the toddy of all kitul trees tapped, which is the due of the proprietor. The trees are tapped by Wahumpura tenants by who are also called Hakuro, and the toddy is converted into the syrup from which hakuru (jaggery) is made.

KITUL-PENI-MUDIYA: A small quantity of kitul syrup carried in a leaf and served out to tenants in mura.

KODI: Flags.

KOLALANU: Cords for tying sheaves.

KÔLAN: Masks worn in dancing in Dewala festivals.

KOLMURA: A rehearsal at the Nata Dewala by the Uliyakkarayo before the Perehera starts.

KOMBUWA: A bugle, a horn. It is blown at the Tewawa or service at a Dewale. There arespecialtenants for this service.

KORAHA: A large wide-mouthed chatty used as a basin.

KONA: The year’s end. The Sinhalese new year (April).

KOTAHALU: The cloth worn by a young female arriving at puberty, which is the perquisite of the family dhobi, with other presents given at the festivities held on theoccasion.

KOTALE: An earthenware vessel with a spout given as a penuma by the potter to petty officers.

KOTTALBADDE VIDANE: The headman of smith villages.

KOVAYA: An earthenware crucible. A socket for candles.

KOVILA: A small temple. A minor Dewale.

KÛDE: A basket to remove earth, sand, etc.

KUDAYA: An umbrella.

KUDAMASSAN: Small fishes cured for curry.

KULU: Winnowing fans made of bamboo.

KUMBAL-PEREHERA: Preliminary Perehera at a Dewale when the insignia are carried in procession round the inner Court for five days, followed by the Dewale Perehera for five days twice a day round the Widiya, and the Randoli or Maha Perehera for five days.

KUMBAYA: A post, a pole for arches in decorations.

KUMARIHAMILLA: Ladies of rank.

KUMARA-TALA-ATTA: A talipot of state. An ornamental talipot carried in processions by tenants of superior grade.

KUNAMA: The palanquin carried in procession at the Perehera containing inside the insignia of a Deviyo. It is also called Randoliya.

KURUMBA: The same as Kasapen.

KURU: Hair-pins.

KURU-KANDA: A candle stick made of clay, called also Kotvilakkuwa.

KURAPAYIYA: The same as Kadapayiya.

KURUNIYA: One eighth of a bushel or four seer.

KURUWITALE: Spear used at elephant kraals.

KUSALANA: A cup.

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