BROAD SCOTS GLOSSARYNote from John Bechard, creator of this Electronic text.The following is a list of Scottish words which are found in George MacDonald’s “Sir Gibbie”. I have compiled this list myself and worked out the definitions from context with the help of Margaret West, from Leven in Fife, Scotland, and also by referring to a word list found in a collection of poems by Robert Burns and “Chamber’s Scots Dialect Dictionary from the 17th century to the Present” c. 1911. I have tried to be as thorough as possible given the limited resources and welcome any feedback on this list which may be wrong (my e-mail address is JaBBechard@aol.com). This was never meant to be a comprehensive list of the National Scottish Language, but rather an aid to understanding some of the conversations in this text which are carried out in the Broad Scots. I do apologise for any mistakes or omissions. I aimed for my list to be very comprehensive. As well, it includes words that are quite obvious to native English speakers, only spelled in such a way to demonstrate the local pronunciation.There is a web site which features the Scottish language, DSL, or Dictionaries of the Scots Language; and the National Scottish Dictionary can be consulted if you have access to one.This list is a compressed form that consists of three columns for ‘word’, ‘definition’, and ‘additional notes’. It is set up with a comma between each item and a hard return at the end of each definition. This means that this section could easily be cut and pasted into its own text file and imported into a database or spreadsheet as a comma separated variable file (.csv file). Failing that, you could do a search and replace for commas in this section (I have not used any commas in my words, definitions or notes) and replace the commas with spaces or tabs.Word, Definition, Notesa’, all; every, also have,a’ body, everyone; everybody,a’ thing, everything; anything,aboot, about,absteen, abstain,abune, above; up,accoont, account,accordin’, according,accre, acre,ae, one,aff, off; away; past; beyond,affrontit, affronted; disgraced, also ashamed; shamed,afore, before; in front of,aften, often,again’, against, opposed to,agreeable, in agreement; willing,Ahchan, Achan, reference to Joshua 7,ahin’, behind; after; at the back of,aiblins, perhaps; possibly,aigles, eagles,Aigypt, Egypt,ain, own, also one,aipple, apple,airm, arm,airmour, armour,airms, arms, also coat of arms; crest,airt, quarter; direction; compass point,airthquack, earthquake,aiss, ashes,ait, eat,aiten, eaten,aith, oath,aither, either,aiven, even,alane, alone,alloo, allow,allooin’, allowing,Almichty, Almighty; God,amids, amidst,amo’, among,an’, and,ance, once,ane, one, also a single person or thing,aneath, beneath; under,anent, opposite to; in front of, also concerning,aneth, beneath; under,angert, angered; angry, also grieved,anither, another,anker, liquid measure of 4 gallons,a’ready, already,arrenge, arrange,as lang ’s, as long as,as sune ’s, as soon as,ashmy, asthma,’at, that,at farest, at the farthest, also at the latest,ates, hates,a’thegither, altogether,a’thing, everything; anything,’at’ll, that will,’at’s, that is,attreebute, attribute,atween, between,auld, old,auld langsyne, days of long ago, also old friendship,auld-fashioned, old-fashioned,auncient, ancient,Aw, I, also all; owning,awa, away,awfu’, awful,Awva!, At all!, exclamation of surprise; contempt,aye, yes; indeed, exclamation of surprise; wonder,ayont, beyond; after,bairn, child,bairnies, little children, diminutive,baith, both,bale-fire, any large fire; bonfire,ballant, ballad; song,banes, bones,bannin’, cursing; swearing; abuse; scold,bannock, round flat griddle-baked cake,Barebanes, bare bones (i.e. death),bawbee, half penny,bealt, festered,beastie, beast; animal, diminutive to express sympathy or affection,beets, boots,behaud, withhold; wait; delay, also behold,beirin’, bearing; allowing,belang, belong,believet, believed,ben, in; inside; into; within; inwards, also inner room,be ’t, be it,bethink (oneself), stop to think; reflect,beuk, book, also Bible,Bible-word, word of honour,bicker, wooden vessel,bidden, abided; stayed,bide, endure; bear; remain; live, also desire; wish,bidena, do not bide; do not stay,bield, protection; shelter; cover,bigg, build,biggit, built,bin’, bind,binna, be not,birdie, little bird, diminutive,birk, birch tree,bit, but; bit, also little-diminutive,blate, over-modest; bashful; shy,blaw, blow,bleck, black; smut, also nonplus; perplex,bledder, bleater; snipe, also foolish or idle talker,blether, talk nonsense; babble; boast,blew, blue,blin’t, blinded,blude, blood,bluidy, bloody,boady, body,boasoms, bosoms,boatle, bottle (of whisky),boddom, bottom,bodies, people; fellows; folk,bodit, boded,body, person; fellow, also body,bonnie, good; beautiful; pretty; handsome,boortree, shrub elder,bosky, wild; unfrequented,bossie, large wooden bowl, serving bowl,boucht, bought,bow-ribbit, bent in the ribs,brackens, bracken; coarse fern,brae, hill; hillside; high ground by a river,brainch, branch,braird, first sprouting of young grain,brak, break,brakfast, breakfast,bran’er, brander; grating; gridiron; trestle,braw, beautiful; good; fine, also lovely (girl); handsome (boy),bray, press; squeeze; push,bree, brew; whisky; broth; gravy,breeks, breeches; trousers,breist, breast,breistie, little breast, diminutive,breith, breath,bridle, modify,brither, brother,brocken, broken,brods, boards; (book covers),broo, brow,broom, shrub with bright yellow flowers,broonie, brownie; benevolent elf,brose, water; soup; meal,broucht, brought,brunt, burned,buik, book, also Bible,bun’le, bundle,burn, water; stream; brook,burnie, little stream, diminutive,bursten, burst,buss, bush,butterflees, butterflies,by ordinar’, out of the ordinary; supernatural,byke, hive; swarm; crowd,byre, cowshed,ca’, call; name,ca’d, called,ca’in, calling,cairry, carry,caitiff, coward; cowardly, more of an older English word than Scots,caller, fresh; refreshing; cool,cam, came,camna, did not come,canna, cannot,carena, do not care,carolled, sang (carols),cast, thrown off; discarded (clothes),casten, spoilt; worthless; thrown aside,catched, caught,caul’, cold,caup, small wooden bowl,’cause, because,caw, drive; impel; hammer,cawpable, capable,’cep, except; but,certie, of a truth; certainly,chaps, knocks; hammers; strikes; raps,chaumer, chamber; room,cheek, side,cheemistry, chemistry,cheenge, change,cheerie, cheery,cheese, choose,chiel, child; young person, term of fondness or intimacy,chop, shop; store,chopdoor, shop door,claes, clothes; dress,clan, group; class; coterie,clappers, door knockers; rattles,clean, altogether; entirely, also comely; shapely; empty; clean,cled, clothed; clad,cleed, clothe; shelter,clim’, climb,cloaset, (prayer) closet,cloods, clouds,cloot, clout; box (ear); beat; slap, also patch; mend,closed, enclosed,closet, room; bedroom,coaties, children’s coats or petticoats,cobblin’, cobbling; shoemaking,cock-crawin’, crowing of the cock,coffer, legacy of wealth; fortune,colliginer, college student, also college boy,colloguin’, associating; conspiring; plotting,Come awa ben, Come on in,Come yer wa’s in, Come on in,comena, do not come,concernt, concerned,conduckit, conducted,conneckit, connected,consaive, conceive,considert, considered,consortit, consorted,contentit, contented,contrar’, contrary,coo, cow,cooard, coward,coontenance, countenance,coorse, coarse, also coursecottar, farm tenant; cottager,couldna, could not,couples, rafters,cowt, colt,crap o’ the wa’, natural shelf between wall and roof,cratur, creature,craw, crow; rook (types of birds),creepie, (three legged) stool, a child’s chair,creepit, crept; crawled,crook, hooked iron chain inside a chimney, for hangingcooking pots on,cry, call; summon,cud, could,cudna, could not,curriet, curried; dressed,cursit, cursed,cuttit, cut; harvested,cweentry, country,cwite, coat,dacency, decency,dacent, decent,dale, deal; fir-or pinewood plank,damps, coal-pit gases,dang, knock; bang; drive,daud, blow; strike; abuse,daudit, buffeted; struck,dauner, stroll; saunter,daur, dare; challenge,daurna, dare not; do not dare,daursay, dare say,Dawvid, David,dearie, sweetheart; darling,deavt, deafened,dee, do, also die,deed, died, also deed,’deed, indeed,dee’d, died,deein’, doing, also dying,deen, done,deevil, devil,deevilry, devilry,deid, dead,deif, deaf,deil, devil,deith, death,delicht, delight,dementit, demented; mad; crazy,denner, dinner,dertin’, darting,deuk-quack, duck quack,deuks, ducks,didna, did not,differ, difference, also differ,din, sound; din,dingin’, overcoming; wearying; vexing,dinna, do not,dinna fling the calf efter the coo, don’t give up,also baby/bathwater,dirt, worthless persons or things, term of contemptdis, does,disappint, disappoint,discoorse, discourse,disna, does not,dissiples, disciples,div, do,dod!, God! (exclamation),doggie, little dog, diminutive,doobt, suspect; know; doubt, have an unpleasant conviction,doobtna, do not suspect; do not know, also does not doubt,dooms, extremely; exceedingly,doon, down,door-cheek, door-post; threshold,door-sill, threshold,doos, doves,douce, gentle; sensible; sober; prudent,doup, bottom; backside; buttocks,draigon, dragon, reference to Revelation 12-13,dram, glass of whisky,drap, drop; small quantity of,drappit, dropped,drappy, little drop; a little (liquor), diminutive,drear, dreary; dreariness; tedium,dree, endure; undergo; suffer,dree my weird, undergo my doom,dreemt, dreamed,dreid, dread,dreidfu’, dreadful; dreadfully,drookit, drenched; soaked,droon, drown,drop, drop-shaped earring, also drop,drouth, thirst; dryness, also drought,drouthie, thirsty; dry,drucken, drunken; tipsy,du, do,duds, clothes; rags; tatters,duin’, doing,dulse, type of seaweed,dummie, little mute person, diminutive,dune, done,dyke, wall of stone or turf,ear’, early,ee, eye,e’e, eye,eedit, heeded,een, eyes,e’en, even; just; simply, also eyes; evening,eese, use,efter, after; afterwards,else, otherwise; at another time; already,Embrough, Edinburgh,en’, end,endeevour, endeavour,eneuch, enough,enstance, instance,er, ere; before,ettle, reach; intend; purpose; aim,even, even; compare,ever, before, also ever,ever-mair, ever more,exemple, example,expeckit, expected,fa’, fall; befall,failt, failed,faimily, family,fain, eager; anxious; fond, also fondly,fa’in’, falling,fallow, fellow; chap,fallow-feelin’, mutual feeling,fan’, found,fa’ntit, fainted,fardin’, farthing,faulds, folds,fause, false,fau’t, fault; blame,fawvour, favour,fearfu’, fearful; easily frightened,fearsome, terrifying; fearful; awful,feart, afraid; frightened; scared,feathert, feathered,fecht, fight; struggle,feck, value; worth; advantage; majority,fee, hire oneself out,feel, foolish, also fool,fegs, truly, mild oath; exclamation of surprise,fell, very; potent; keen; harsh; sharp, intensifies; also turf,fell-dyke, wall made of layers of sod,fellow-cratur, fellow creature,fells, sods,feow, few,fess, fetch,fest, fast,fey, doomed (to death),fillit, filled,fin’, find; feel,Fin’on haddie, smoked haddock,fit, foot; base, also fit; capable; able,flax, flax; wick,flee, fly (insect),fleers, floors,fleg, blow; kick; stroke,fleggit, blew; kicked; stroked,fleyt, terrified; frightened,fling, kick; throw,flit, shift; remove; depart,flure, floor,forby, as well; as well as; besides,forgie, forgive,forgi’en, forgiven,forgifness, forgiveness,forkit, forked,foucht, fought,fowk, folk,fowth, plenty; abundance; full measure,frae, from,frank, generous; lavish, also generously,fricht, frighten; scare away,frichtit, frightened; scared away,fule, fool,fulfillt, fulfilled,fundation, foundation,fun’t, founded,fut, foot,gae, gave,gaed, went,gaein’, going,’gain, by; nearly; almost,gairdens, gardens,gait, way; fashion, also route; street,gaits, ways, also routes; streets,ga’le, gable,gane, gone,gang, go; goes; depart; walk,gang yer wa’s, go on,gar, cause; make; compel,gat, got,gauin’, going,gear, possessions; money; property, also livestock,geese, goose,German Ocean, old reference to the English Channel & North Sea,gerse, grass,gether, gather,gey, very; considerable,geyan, considerably; somewhat; rather,ghaist, ghost,ghem, game (hunted animal),gie, give,gied, gave,giein’, giving,gien, if; as if; then; whether,gi’en, givengien’t, if it,gies, gives,girdle, griddle for baking scones, iron disc,girnels, granaries; meal-chests,glaid, glad,glaiss, glass,glamour, spell; charm; enchantment,glaur, mud; dirt; ooze,gleg, quick; lively; smart; quick-witted,glimp, glimpse; glance, also the least degree,glintin’, twinkling; glittering,gloamin’, twilight; dusk,gnerlet, gnarled,goodman, master; husband; head of household,gowans, daisies,gowany, flowered with daisies,gowd, gold,gowk, cuckoo; fool; blockhead,gowkit, foolish; silly,graivelly, gravely,gran’, grand; capital; first-rate,gran’est, grandest,gran’father, grandfather,green bree, cesspool, also stagnant pool by a dunghill,greitin’, crying; weeping,grenite, granite,gret, great,grief, grieve,grip, grasp; understand,grippit, grasped; understood,grue, feeling of horror; tremor,grum’lin’, grumbling,grup, grip; grasp,gruppit, gripped; grabbed,gudeman, master; husband; head of household,guid, good, also God,guid-hertit, good-hearted,guidit, treated; handled; managed,guiss, guess,haddie, haddock,hadna, had not,hae, have; has,hae a news, talk; gossip,haein, having,haein’, having,haena, have not,haill, whole,hairm, harm,Haith!, Faith!, exclamation of surprise,haithen, heathen,haiven, heaven,haiver, talk nonsense,hale, whole,half-hoor, half-hour,hame, home,han’, hand,hang, hanged, also made,hangt, hanged,hanks, rope; coil; skein of cotton,han’le, handle,hantle, much; large quantity; far,hap, cover; wrap; shield,h’ard, heard,hark, listen,harns, brains,hasna, does not have,haud, hold; keep,hauden, held; kept,haugh, river-meadow,hause, neck; throat,hawpy, happy,haymows, large haystacks,heap, very much; heap,hearken, hearken; hear; listen to,hearten, encourage,Hech!, Oh!, strange!, a sighing exclamation,hed, had,hedna, had not,heedna, heed not; do not heed,heicht, height,heid, head; heading,heigh, high,helpit, helped,hen-scraich, chicken cackle, lit. chicken scream,herd, herd-boy; cow-boy, also herd,hermony, harmony,hersel’, herself,hert, heart,her ’t, it to her,hertenin’, enheartening; encouraging,hertless, heartless,herty, heartily; hearty,hid, had, also hid,hield, held,hillie, little hill, diminutive,himsel’, himself,hin’, hind; backside,hin’ side afore, back to front,hing, hang,hirplin, limping; hobbling,his, has, also his; us (emphatic),hit, it, emphatic,hoarible, horrible,hoo, how,hoor, hour,hoose, house,hoosie, little house, diminutive,hoots, exclamation of doubt or contempt,hose, stocking,houff, haunt,houp, hope,how, hollow; valley; glen,hum’le, hornless; fingerless,hun’ers, hundreds,hunger-like, shrivelled; lacking nutrients,hungert, starved,hurtit, hurt,hyne, far (away),i’, in; into,I doobt, I know; I suspect,I wat, I know; I assure (you),idleset, idleness; frivolous amusement,ilk(a), every; each, also common; ordinary,ill, bad; evil; hard; harsh, also misfortune; harm,’ill, will,ill-fauredest, most unbecoming or unmannerly,ill-guideship, mismanagement; ill-treatment,ill-guidit, mismanaged; ill-treated,’im, him,imaigine, imagine,immorawlity, immorality,in atween, in the meantime; between,informt, informed,ingle-neuk, chimney-corner or recess,inten’, intend,inten’it, intended,intil, into; in; within,inveet, invite; invitation,inveetit, invited,ir, are,’is, his,I s’ awa, I’m off; I’d better go,Ise, I shall,isna, is not,i’stead, instead,ither, other; another; further,’ithin, within,itsel’, itself,jabble, ripple; small broken waves,jaws, billows; splashes; surges,Jeames, James,jeedge, judge,Jerooslem, Jerusalem,jine, join,jints, joints,jist, just,j’ists, joists,jography, geography,jooggy, jigger; shot (of whisky),justifeed, justified,kail-wife, woman who sells colewort,kaimbt, combed,keepit, kept,keerious, curious,ken, know; be acquainted with; recognise,kenna, do not know,kenspeckle, conspicuous, easily recognised from some peculiarity,kent, known; knew,killt, killed,kin’, kind; nature; sort; agreeable, also somewhat; in some degree,kin’ness, kindness,kirk, church,kirkyaird, churchyard,kist, chest; coffer; box; chest of drawers,knicht, knight,koft, bought,kye, cattle; cows,laad, lad; boy, term of commendation or reverence,laddie, boy, term of affection,lads, boys, term of commendation or reverence,laidders, ladders,laird, landed proprietor; squire; lord,lairick, larch (type of tree),lairt, stuck fast (in mud or snow),laith, loath; unwilling; reluctant,laithly, loathsome; foul; repulsive,Laitin, Latin,lan’, land; country; ground,lane(s), lone; alone; lonely; solitary,lang, long; big; large, also slow; tedious,langer, longer,langsyne, ancient; (old) times; long ago,lan’s, lands; estates,lass, girl; young woman, term of address,lassie, girl, term of endearment,lat, let; allow,lat gang to dirt an’ green bree, go to pot; go to ruin,latten, let; allowed,lauch, laugh,lave, rest; remainder; others, also leave,laverock, lark (type of bird),lawfu’, lawful,lea’, leave,lear, learning; education; lore, also teach,learn, learn, also teach,learnt, learned, also taught,leddies, ladies,leddy, lady,lee, pasture; fallow ground, also shelter from wind or rain,lee’d, lied; told lies,lees, lies,leest, least,leeve, live,leevin’, living; living being,leevit, lived,leeward, towards the grassland, also towards the sheltered side,len’, lend; give; grant, also loan,len’th, length,leuk, look; watch; appearance,licht, light,lichtin’, lighting,lickit, thrashed; punished; struck,lift, load; boost; lift; helping hand, also sky; heavens,like, like; likely to; looking as if to, also as it were; as if,likesna, does not like,likit, liked,liltin’, singing softly; humming,lingelt, fastened; fettered; hobbled,lippen, trust; depend on,livin’, living,’ll, will,loch, loch; lake,lodd, loaded,lo’denin’, loading,lo’dent, loaded,lo’e, love,lo’esome, loveable; lovely; winsome,lood, loud,loon, rascal; rogue; ragamuffin,loot, let; allowed; permitted,Losh!, corrupt form of ‘Lord’, exclamation of surprise or wonder,low, flame,lowse, loose; free,lucifer spunks, lucifer-matches,lug, ear, also shallow wooden dish,luik, look,luikit, looked,lum, chimney,lythe, shelter,mainner, manner,mainteen, maintain,mair, more; greater,mairtins, martins (type of bird),maist, most; mostly,’maist, almost,maister, master; mister,maitter, matter,mak, make; do,mankin’, mankind,mappies, young rabbits, diminutive,maun, must; have to,maunna, must not; may not,mavis, song-thrush (type of bird),mayhap, perhaps; maybe,mayna, may not,mealock, crumb (of oatcake etc.),meen, moon,meenute, minute,meeserable, miserable,meesery, misery,mem, Ma’am; Miss; Madam,mendit, mended; healed,menseless, ill-bred; boorish; unmannerly,mercifu’, merciful; favourable,merriage, marriage,merry, marry, also merry,mervel, marvel,mesel’, myself,micht, might,michtna, might not,michty, mighty; God,midden, dunghill; manure pile,midge, midge; gnat; mosquito,mids, midst; middle,miltin’, melting,min’, mind; recollection, also recollect; remember,minnin, minnow,min’s, minds; reminds; recollects,mint, aimed at; intended to; attempted,mintit, minded; remembered,mirricle, miracle,mischeef, mischief; injury; harm,misguidit, wasted; mismanaged; ill-used,mistak, mistake,mither, mother,mony, many,moo’, mouth,moo’fu’s, mouthfuls,motes, motes; specks; crumbs, reference to Matthew 7:3-5,moul’, mould; loose earth; top soil,mould, mould; loose earth; top soil,muckle, huge; enormous; big; great; much,mune, moon,muntains, mountains,muv, move; affect,My certie!, Take my word for it!,my lane, on my own,mysel’, myself,na, not; by no means,nae, no; none; not,nae wise, nowise; in no way,naebody, nobody; no one,naegait, in no wise; nowhere,naething, nothing,naither, neither,naitral, natural,nane, none,natur, nature,nearhan’, nearly; almost; near by,necessar’, necessary,neebour, neighbour,needcessity, necessity; state of need,needfu’, needful; necessary; needy,needna, do not need; need not,neeper, neighbour,negleckit, neglected,neist, next; nearest,nepkin, large handkerchief,nestie, little nest, diminutive,’neth, beneath; under,neuk, nook; recess; interior angle,news, talk; gossip,nicht, night; evening,nick, score; mark (as signature), also cut,nickum, mischievous and tricky boy,niffer, exchange; barter,nigher, nearer; closer,nipperty, mincing; affected,no, not,noo, now,nor, than; although; if, also nor,nor’-easter, northeast wind,notwithstan’in’, notwithstanding,noucht, nothing; not,nowt, cattle; oxen,o’, of; on,obleeged, obliged,obligatit, obligated; obliged,o’er, over; upon; too,ohn, without; un-, uses past participle not present progressive,ohn expeckit, unexpected,ony, any,onybody, anybody; anyone,onything, anything,oogly, ugly,ook, week,oolets, owls,oonprovidit, unprovided,oor, our,oor lanes, on our own,oorsel’s, ourselves,oot, out,ootcast, outcast,or, before; ere; until; by, also or,ordinar’, ordinary; usual; natural, also custom; habit,orra, odd job (man), also idle; having no settled occupation,ou, oh,oucht, anything; all, also ought,ow, oh, exclamation of surprise,ower, over; upon; too,owershot, very fast; racing; exploding,owse, ox,oye, grandchild; grandson; nephew,pairt, part,pale, pointed piece of wood for fencing,paling, fence of pales,passin’, passing; occasional,pastern, ankle (between hoof and fetlock),pat, put; made,pawkiness, shrewdness; cunning,peelt, skinned,peeramid, pyramid,peety, pity,percaution, precaution,perfec’, perfect; thorough; utter,perplexin’, perplexing,perris, parish,persuaudit, persuaded,perswaud, persuade,perswaudit, persuaded,pey, pay,pit, put; make,pitawtas, potatoes,pitten, put; made,plaguit, plagued; troubled,plet, plate; dish,plooed, ploughed,ploy, amusement; sport; escapade,poassible, possible,pooch, pocket,pooer, power,poun’, pound (sterling),practeesed, practised,prankit, played tricks on, also played fast and loose with,prayt, prayed,prech, preach,pree, taste; try; prove; experience,preevileeges, privileges,prentit, printed,press-bed, box-bed with doors,prest, pressed,preten’it, pretended,priestie, little priest, diminutive,pris’ner, prisoner,prood, proud,pruv, prove,pruv’t, proven; proved,pu’, pull,puckle, small quantity,puir, poor,pump, beer-shop, also pump,putten, put,pyke, pick; pluck,quaiet, quiet,quaiet sough, quiet tongue,quaitet, quieted; silenced,quest’ons, questions,quo’, swore; said; quoth,railly, really,raither, rather,rale, real; true; very,randy, rough; wild; riotous, also coarse-tongued; abusive,rant, make merry; revel,rase, rose,rave, tore,rax, extend; overdo it; stretch,reacht, reached,red, rid; free,redd, set in order; tidy; clean,reef, roof,refar, refer,refeese, refuse,reid, red,reik, smoke,releast, released,repentit, repented,reyn, rein,richt, right; correct, also mend,richtly, certainly; positively,ridic’lous, ridiculous; unseasonable (weather),riggin’, ridge; roof,rigs, ridges (in a ploughed field),rin, run,rintherroot, gadabout; homeless vagrant; tramp,rist, rest,ristet, rested,rizon, reason,ro’d, road; course; way,roomie, little room, diminutive,roon’, around; round,rottan, rat,rouch, rough,roun, whisper,rowtin’, bellowing; roaring; lowing,rucks, ricks; stacks,run k-nots, slip knots (that can not be untied),runkle, wrinkle; crease,’s, us; his; as; is, also has,s’, shall,sab, sob,sae, so; as,safe, safely, also safe,safity, safety,sair, sore; sorely; sad; hard; very; greatly, also serve,saitisfee, satisfy,saiven, seven,sall, shall,san’, sand,sang, song,sangie, little song, diminutive,sangna, did not sing,sankna, did not sink,sarious, serious,sark, shirt,sattle, settle,saugh, sallow; willow (type of tree),saven, wise; knowledgeable,savet, saved,savin’, saving, also except,Sawbath, Sabbath,sawmon, salmon,sawna, did not see,Sawtan, Satan,saxpence, sixpence,’scape, escape,scatter’t, scattered,schuil, school,schuilin’, schooling; education,schuilmaister, schoolmaster,schuilmaisterin’, schoolmastering; teaching,scomfished, suffocated; stifled; choked,scoorin’, scampering,scornin’, mocking; ridiculing,Scotlan’, Scotland,scrape, scrape; shave,scrattit, scratched; dug,scrimp, stunted; sparing, also short in weight or measure,scunner, disgust; disgusting; revolting,scunnerfu’, disgusting; loathsome; sickening,seemile, simile,seener, sooner,sen’, send,set, set out; start off; become,set doon Bony an’ set up Louy, lowers one; exalts another, Psalm 75:7,setna, do not set,Setterday, Saturday,settisfaction, satisfaction,shaidow, shadow,shal’t, shelled,shaw, show; reveal,shee, shoe,sheen, shoes,sherp, sharp,shirra’, sheriff,shoothers, shoulders,shot, speed; blasting; heavy breakers (sea), also shoot,shottin’, shooting,shuitable, suitable,sic, such; so,sich, sigh,sicht, sight,sids, husks of oats,siller, silver; money; wealth,simmer, Summer,sin, since; ago; since then, also sin; sun,sitten, sat,sizon, season,skirlin’, screaming; singing shrilly,sklet, (school) slate, also roofing slate,sklet-pike, slate pencil,sma’, small; little; slight; narrow; young,smokin’ flax, smouldering wick, reference to Matthew 12:20,snap, sharp blow; sudden stumble,snawba’, snowball,sneck, door-latch; catch (gate),snot, small lump (of soot),soary, sorry,some, somewhat; rather; quite; very, also some,somehoo, somehow,soo, ache; throb,soomin’, swimming; floating,soon’, sound,soopit, swept,soucht, sought,sough, sigh; sound of wind; deep breath,soughie, little sough, diminutive,sowens, sour pudding of oats and water,sowl, soul,spak, spoke,spate, spate; flood,speerit, spirit,speir, ask about; enquire; question,speirin’, asking about; enquiring; questioning,speirt, asked about; enquired; questioned,spen’, spend,spendrife, spendthrift,speyk, speak,spune, spoon,spunks, sparks; matches,spurtle, porridge stick, also wooden rod for turning oatcakes,stair, stairs,stan’, stand; stop,stane, stone; measure of weight, 1 stone = 14 pounds,stan’in, standing,stap, stop; stuff, also step,stappit, stopped; stuffed, also stepped,steek, shut; close; push, also stitch (as in clothing),stert, start; jump with surprise,sterve, starve,stick, stick; gore; butt with horns,stickit, stuck; gored,stippety-stap, short mincing gait,stirks, steers,stoot, stout; healthy; strong; plucky,strae, straw,straik, streak; stroke; caress,strang, strong,stray, lost; not at home,stude, stood,subjec’, subject,sud, should,sudna, should not,sune, soon; early,suner, sooner,sunest, soonest,supposit, supposed,sutor, shoemaker; cobbler,sweem, swim; float,sweir, swear,swoord, sword,syne, ago; since; then; at that time, also in (good) time,’t, it,tae, toe, also the one,taeless, toeless,ta’en, taken; seized,tailie, little tail, diminutive,tak, take; seize,tak a lug, have a dish,tak tent, look out; pay attention,takna, do not take,tane, the one,tap, top; tip; head,tarn, mountain lake,taucht, taught,tay, tea,tee, ‘to ye’ i.e. to you, also tea; too; also,teetle, title,tellt, told,tent, attention; care; heed; notice,teuch, tough; hard,teuk, took,than, then, also thanthankit, thanked,the day, today,the morn, tomorrow,the morn’s, tomorrow is,the nicht, tonight,the noo, just now,thegither, together,themsel’s, themselves,thereoot, outside; out there; out-of-doors,thestreen, last night,think, feel; experience; expect; wonder,Think ye?, Do you think so?,this lang time, for a long time,tho’, though,thoo, thou; you (God),thoom, thumb,thoosan’, thousand,thouch, though,thoucht, thought,thrapple, windpipe; neck,thraw, throw; turn; twist,thraw one’s lug, twist one’s ear; punish,three-fauld, threefold; three times,threep, argue obstinately, also maintain by dint of assertion,thro’t, throat,throt-ro’d, throat, i.e. be drunk,throu’, through,thunner, thunder,tice, entice; coax,’tice, entice; coax,till, to; till; until; about; at; before,ting-a-ling, sound of a small bell,tint, lost; got lost,tiret, tired,’tis, it is,tither, the other,tod, fox,toom, empty; unload,toom-heidit, empty headed,toon, town; village,tow, rope; string,trail, drag forcibly; haul along,traivel, travel,trible, trouble,trifflin’, trifling,trim’le, tremble,trimmin’, beating; scolding,troth, truth; indeed, used as an exclamation,trowth, truth,trustit, trusted,’ts, its,tuck, beat (drum),tuik, took,tum’ler, tumbler; glass (of whisky),turnt, turned,twa, two; a few,’twar, it were,’twarna, it were not,’twas, it was,twise, twice,twistet, twisted,tyauve, strive; struggle,tyne, lose; get lost,ugsome, disgusting; frightful; ghastly,umbrell, umbrella,unco, unknown; odd; strange; uncouth, also very great,un’er, under,un’erstan’, understand,up the stair, upstairs,upliftit, uplifted,upo’, upon; on to; at,up-road, road (to heaven),vailue, value,vainity, vanity,verra, very; true; real,v’ice, voice,vreet, write,vroucht, wrought; worked,wa’, wall, also waywad, would,wadna, would not,wae, woe; sad; sorrowful,waggin’, wagging; nodding,waitit, waited,walcome, welcome,w’alth, wealth; abundance,wan, reached; gained; got,wantin’, wanting; lacking; without; in want of,wantit, wanted,war, were,wark, work; labour,warl’, world; worldly goods, also a large number,warl’s gear, worldly substance,warna, were not,warran’, warrant; guarantee,warrin’, warring,warst, worst,warstle, wrestle,warstlin’, wrestling,wa’s, walls, also ways,washen, washed,wasna, was not,wasterfu’, wasteful; extravagant,water-brose, oatmeal stirred into boiling, water until thick,wather, weather,watter, water,waur, worse, also spend moneywee, small; little; bit, also short time; while,weel, well; fine,weel-behaved, well-behaved,weet, wet; dew; rain,weetin’, wetting; getting wet,weicht, weight,weir, wear, also hedge; fence; enclosure,weird, doom; disaster,weyve, weave; knit,weyver, weaver; knitter, also knitter of stockings; spider,wha, who,whae’er, whoever,wha’ll, who will,whan, when,wharfor, what for; why; for what reason,wha’s, who is, also whoseWhat ca’ they ye?, What’s your name?,What for no?, Why not?,What for?, Why?,whaten, (on; by) what; what kind of,what-for, why; reason, also punishment; retribution,whaul, whale,whaur, where,whause, whose,wheel, eddy; pool; deep still part of the river,wheen, little; few; number; quantity,whiles, sometimes; at times; now and then,whilk, which,Whisht!, Quiet! Silence! Hush!,whumled, whelmed; overwhelmed; upset,whup, whip,whusky, whisky,whustle, whistle,wi’, with,wice-like, seem wise,wicket, back-door of a barn,wickit, wicked,wifie, little woman, term of endearment,willin’est, willingest,win, reach; gain; get,win’, wind,win’le strae, straw or grass dried on its root, weak; unhealthy,winna, will not,wins, reaches; gains; gets,winsome, large; comely,wi’oot, without,wires, knitting needles,wis, was,wither, weather,won’er, wonder; marvel,won’erfu’, wonderful; great; large,won’erin’, wondering,worset, woollen fabric; wool; worsted,worum, worm,wrang, wrong; injured,writch, rich,wuddie, gallows, also willow,wuds, woods; forests,wull, will; wish; desire, also astray; stray; wild,wullin’, willing; wanting,wuman, woman,wunna, would not; will not,wur, lay out,wuss, wish,wut, wit; intelligence; sense,w’y, way,wydin’, wading,wyte, blame; reproach,yaird, yard,ye, you; yourself,year, years, also year,ye’ll, you will,yer, your,yer lane, on your own,ye’re, you are,yersel’, yourself,ye ’t, it to you,yett, gate,yeuks, itches,yeuky, itchy,ye’ve, you have,yon, that; those; that there,yon’er, yonder; over there; in that place,yon’ll, that will; that (thing) there will,yon’s, that is; that (thing) there is,yoong, young,
Note from John Bechard, creator of this Electronic text.
The following is a list of Scottish words which are found in George MacDonald’s “Sir Gibbie”. I have compiled this list myself and worked out the definitions from context with the help of Margaret West, from Leven in Fife, Scotland, and also by referring to a word list found in a collection of poems by Robert Burns and “Chamber’s Scots Dialect Dictionary from the 17th century to the Present” c. 1911. I have tried to be as thorough as possible given the limited resources and welcome any feedback on this list which may be wrong (my e-mail address is JaBBechard@aol.com). This was never meant to be a comprehensive list of the National Scottish Language, but rather an aid to understanding some of the conversations in this text which are carried out in the Broad Scots. I do apologise for any mistakes or omissions. I aimed for my list to be very comprehensive. As well, it includes words that are quite obvious to native English speakers, only spelled in such a way to demonstrate the local pronunciation.
There is a web site which features the Scottish language, DSL, or Dictionaries of the Scots Language; and the National Scottish Dictionary can be consulted if you have access to one.
This list is a compressed form that consists of three columns for ‘word’, ‘definition’, and ‘additional notes’. It is set up with a comma between each item and a hard return at the end of each definition. This means that this section could easily be cut and pasted into its own text file and imported into a database or spreadsheet as a comma separated variable file (.csv file). Failing that, you could do a search and replace for commas in this section (I have not used any commas in my words, definitions or notes) and replace the commas with spaces or tabs.
Word, Definition, Notesa’, all; every, also have,a’ body, everyone; everybody,a’ thing, everything; anything,aboot, about,absteen, abstain,abune, above; up,accoont, account,accordin’, according,accre, acre,ae, one,aff, off; away; past; beyond,affrontit, affronted; disgraced, also ashamed; shamed,afore, before; in front of,aften, often,again’, against, opposed to,agreeable, in agreement; willing,Ahchan, Achan, reference to Joshua 7,ahin’, behind; after; at the back of,aiblins, perhaps; possibly,aigles, eagles,Aigypt, Egypt,ain, own, also one,aipple, apple,airm, arm,airmour, armour,airms, arms, also coat of arms; crest,airt, quarter; direction; compass point,airthquack, earthquake,aiss, ashes,ait, eat,aiten, eaten,aith, oath,aither, either,aiven, even,alane, alone,alloo, allow,allooin’, allowing,Almichty, Almighty; God,amids, amidst,amo’, among,an’, and,ance, once,ane, one, also a single person or thing,aneath, beneath; under,anent, opposite to; in front of, also concerning,aneth, beneath; under,angert, angered; angry, also grieved,anither, another,anker, liquid measure of 4 gallons,a’ready, already,arrenge, arrange,as lang ’s, as long as,as sune ’s, as soon as,ashmy, asthma,’at, that,at farest, at the farthest, also at the latest,ates, hates,a’thegither, altogether,a’thing, everything; anything,’at’ll, that will,’at’s, that is,attreebute, attribute,atween, between,auld, old,auld langsyne, days of long ago, also old friendship,auld-fashioned, old-fashioned,auncient, ancient,Aw, I, also all; owning,awa, away,awfu’, awful,Awva!, At all!, exclamation of surprise; contempt,aye, yes; indeed, exclamation of surprise; wonder,ayont, beyond; after,bairn, child,bairnies, little children, diminutive,baith, both,bale-fire, any large fire; bonfire,ballant, ballad; song,banes, bones,bannin’, cursing; swearing; abuse; scold,bannock, round flat griddle-baked cake,Barebanes, bare bones (i.e. death),bawbee, half penny,bealt, festered,beastie, beast; animal, diminutive to express sympathy or affection,beets, boots,behaud, withhold; wait; delay, also behold,beirin’, bearing; allowing,belang, belong,believet, believed,ben, in; inside; into; within; inwards, also inner room,be ’t, be it,bethink (oneself), stop to think; reflect,beuk, book, also Bible,Bible-word, word of honour,bicker, wooden vessel,bidden, abided; stayed,bide, endure; bear; remain; live, also desire; wish,bidena, do not bide; do not stay,bield, protection; shelter; cover,bigg, build,biggit, built,bin’, bind,binna, be not,birdie, little bird, diminutive,birk, birch tree,bit, but; bit, also little-diminutive,blate, over-modest; bashful; shy,blaw, blow,bleck, black; smut, also nonplus; perplex,bledder, bleater; snipe, also foolish or idle talker,blether, talk nonsense; babble; boast,blew, blue,blin’t, blinded,blude, blood,bluidy, bloody,boady, body,boasoms, bosoms,boatle, bottle (of whisky),boddom, bottom,bodies, people; fellows; folk,bodit, boded,body, person; fellow, also body,bonnie, good; beautiful; pretty; handsome,boortree, shrub elder,bosky, wild; unfrequented,bossie, large wooden bowl, serving bowl,boucht, bought,bow-ribbit, bent in the ribs,brackens, bracken; coarse fern,brae, hill; hillside; high ground by a river,brainch, branch,braird, first sprouting of young grain,brak, break,brakfast, breakfast,bran’er, brander; grating; gridiron; trestle,braw, beautiful; good; fine, also lovely (girl); handsome (boy),bray, press; squeeze; push,bree, brew; whisky; broth; gravy,breeks, breeches; trousers,breist, breast,breistie, little breast, diminutive,breith, breath,bridle, modify,brither, brother,brocken, broken,brods, boards; (book covers),broo, brow,broom, shrub with bright yellow flowers,broonie, brownie; benevolent elf,brose, water; soup; meal,broucht, brought,brunt, burned,buik, book, also Bible,bun’le, bundle,burn, water; stream; brook,burnie, little stream, diminutive,bursten, burst,buss, bush,butterflees, butterflies,by ordinar’, out of the ordinary; supernatural,byke, hive; swarm; crowd,byre, cowshed,ca’, call; name,ca’d, called,ca’in, calling,cairry, carry,caitiff, coward; cowardly, more of an older English word than Scots,caller, fresh; refreshing; cool,cam, came,camna, did not come,canna, cannot,carena, do not care,carolled, sang (carols),cast, thrown off; discarded (clothes),casten, spoilt; worthless; thrown aside,catched, caught,caul’, cold,caup, small wooden bowl,’cause, because,caw, drive; impel; hammer,cawpable, capable,’cep, except; but,certie, of a truth; certainly,chaps, knocks; hammers; strikes; raps,chaumer, chamber; room,cheek, side,cheemistry, chemistry,cheenge, change,cheerie, cheery,cheese, choose,chiel, child; young person, term of fondness or intimacy,chop, shop; store,chopdoor, shop door,claes, clothes; dress,clan, group; class; coterie,clappers, door knockers; rattles,clean, altogether; entirely, also comely; shapely; empty; clean,cled, clothed; clad,cleed, clothe; shelter,clim’, climb,cloaset, (prayer) closet,cloods, clouds,cloot, clout; box (ear); beat; slap, also patch; mend,closed, enclosed,closet, room; bedroom,coaties, children’s coats or petticoats,cobblin’, cobbling; shoemaking,cock-crawin’, crowing of the cock,coffer, legacy of wealth; fortune,colliginer, college student, also college boy,colloguin’, associating; conspiring; plotting,Come awa ben, Come on in,Come yer wa’s in, Come on in,comena, do not come,concernt, concerned,conduckit, conducted,conneckit, connected,consaive, conceive,considert, considered,consortit, consorted,contentit, contented,contrar’, contrary,coo, cow,cooard, coward,coontenance, countenance,coorse, coarse, also coursecottar, farm tenant; cottager,couldna, could not,couples, rafters,cowt, colt,crap o’ the wa’, natural shelf between wall and roof,cratur, creature,craw, crow; rook (types of birds),creepie, (three legged) stool, a child’s chair,creepit, crept; crawled,crook, hooked iron chain inside a chimney, for hangingcooking pots on,cry, call; summon,cud, could,cudna, could not,curriet, curried; dressed,cursit, cursed,cuttit, cut; harvested,cweentry, country,cwite, coat,dacency, decency,dacent, decent,dale, deal; fir-or pinewood plank,damps, coal-pit gases,dang, knock; bang; drive,daud, blow; strike; abuse,daudit, buffeted; struck,dauner, stroll; saunter,daur, dare; challenge,daurna, dare not; do not dare,daursay, dare say,Dawvid, David,dearie, sweetheart; darling,deavt, deafened,dee, do, also die,deed, died, also deed,’deed, indeed,dee’d, died,deein’, doing, also dying,deen, done,deevil, devil,deevilry, devilry,deid, dead,deif, deaf,deil, devil,deith, death,delicht, delight,dementit, demented; mad; crazy,denner, dinner,dertin’, darting,deuk-quack, duck quack,deuks, ducks,didna, did not,differ, difference, also differ,din, sound; din,dingin’, overcoming; wearying; vexing,dinna, do not,dinna fling the calf efter the coo, don’t give up,also baby/bathwater,dirt, worthless persons or things, term of contemptdis, does,disappint, disappoint,discoorse, discourse,disna, does not,dissiples, disciples,div, do,dod!, God! (exclamation),doggie, little dog, diminutive,doobt, suspect; know; doubt, have an unpleasant conviction,doobtna, do not suspect; do not know, also does not doubt,dooms, extremely; exceedingly,doon, down,door-cheek, door-post; threshold,door-sill, threshold,doos, doves,douce, gentle; sensible; sober; prudent,doup, bottom; backside; buttocks,draigon, dragon, reference to Revelation 12-13,dram, glass of whisky,drap, drop; small quantity of,drappit, dropped,drappy, little drop; a little (liquor), diminutive,drear, dreary; dreariness; tedium,dree, endure; undergo; suffer,dree my weird, undergo my doom,dreemt, dreamed,dreid, dread,dreidfu’, dreadful; dreadfully,drookit, drenched; soaked,droon, drown,drop, drop-shaped earring, also drop,drouth, thirst; dryness, also drought,drouthie, thirsty; dry,drucken, drunken; tipsy,du, do,duds, clothes; rags; tatters,duin’, doing,dulse, type of seaweed,dummie, little mute person, diminutive,dune, done,dyke, wall of stone or turf,ear’, early,ee, eye,e’e, eye,eedit, heeded,een, eyes,e’en, even; just; simply, also eyes; evening,eese, use,efter, after; afterwards,else, otherwise; at another time; already,Embrough, Edinburgh,en’, end,endeevour, endeavour,eneuch, enough,enstance, instance,er, ere; before,ettle, reach; intend; purpose; aim,even, even; compare,ever, before, also ever,ever-mair, ever more,exemple, example,expeckit, expected,fa’, fall; befall,failt, failed,faimily, family,fain, eager; anxious; fond, also fondly,fa’in’, falling,fallow, fellow; chap,fallow-feelin’, mutual feeling,fan’, found,fa’ntit, fainted,fardin’, farthing,faulds, folds,fause, false,fau’t, fault; blame,fawvour, favour,fearfu’, fearful; easily frightened,fearsome, terrifying; fearful; awful,feart, afraid; frightened; scared,feathert, feathered,fecht, fight; struggle,feck, value; worth; advantage; majority,fee, hire oneself out,feel, foolish, also fool,fegs, truly, mild oath; exclamation of surprise,fell, very; potent; keen; harsh; sharp, intensifies; also turf,fell-dyke, wall made of layers of sod,fellow-cratur, fellow creature,fells, sods,feow, few,fess, fetch,fest, fast,fey, doomed (to death),fillit, filled,fin’, find; feel,Fin’on haddie, smoked haddock,fit, foot; base, also fit; capable; able,flax, flax; wick,flee, fly (insect),fleers, floors,fleg, blow; kick; stroke,fleggit, blew; kicked; stroked,fleyt, terrified; frightened,fling, kick; throw,flit, shift; remove; depart,flure, floor,forby, as well; as well as; besides,forgie, forgive,forgi’en, forgiven,forgifness, forgiveness,forkit, forked,foucht, fought,fowk, folk,fowth, plenty; abundance; full measure,frae, from,frank, generous; lavish, also generously,fricht, frighten; scare away,frichtit, frightened; scared away,fule, fool,fulfillt, fulfilled,fundation, foundation,fun’t, founded,fut, foot,gae, gave,gaed, went,gaein’, going,’gain, by; nearly; almost,gairdens, gardens,gait, way; fashion, also route; street,gaits, ways, also routes; streets,ga’le, gable,gane, gone,gang, go; goes; depart; walk,gang yer wa’s, go on,gar, cause; make; compel,gat, got,gauin’, going,gear, possessions; money; property, also livestock,geese, goose,German Ocean, old reference to the English Channel & North Sea,gerse, grass,gether, gather,gey, very; considerable,geyan, considerably; somewhat; rather,ghaist, ghost,ghem, game (hunted animal),gie, give,gied, gave,giein’, giving,gien, if; as if; then; whether,gi’en, givengien’t, if it,gies, gives,girdle, griddle for baking scones, iron disc,girnels, granaries; meal-chests,glaid, glad,glaiss, glass,glamour, spell; charm; enchantment,glaur, mud; dirt; ooze,gleg, quick; lively; smart; quick-witted,glimp, glimpse; glance, also the least degree,glintin’, twinkling; glittering,gloamin’, twilight; dusk,gnerlet, gnarled,goodman, master; husband; head of household,gowans, daisies,gowany, flowered with daisies,gowd, gold,gowk, cuckoo; fool; blockhead,gowkit, foolish; silly,graivelly, gravely,gran’, grand; capital; first-rate,gran’est, grandest,gran’father, grandfather,green bree, cesspool, also stagnant pool by a dunghill,greitin’, crying; weeping,grenite, granite,gret, great,grief, grieve,grip, grasp; understand,grippit, grasped; understood,grue, feeling of horror; tremor,grum’lin’, grumbling,grup, grip; grasp,gruppit, gripped; grabbed,gudeman, master; husband; head of household,guid, good, also God,guid-hertit, good-hearted,guidit, treated; handled; managed,guiss, guess,haddie, haddock,hadna, had not,hae, have; has,hae a news, talk; gossip,haein, having,haein’, having,haena, have not,haill, whole,hairm, harm,Haith!, Faith!, exclamation of surprise,haithen, heathen,haiven, heaven,haiver, talk nonsense,hale, whole,half-hoor, half-hour,hame, home,han’, hand,hang, hanged, also made,hangt, hanged,hanks, rope; coil; skein of cotton,han’le, handle,hantle, much; large quantity; far,hap, cover; wrap; shield,h’ard, heard,hark, listen,harns, brains,hasna, does not have,haud, hold; keep,hauden, held; kept,haugh, river-meadow,hause, neck; throat,hawpy, happy,haymows, large haystacks,heap, very much; heap,hearken, hearken; hear; listen to,hearten, encourage,Hech!, Oh!, strange!, a sighing exclamation,hed, had,hedna, had not,heedna, heed not; do not heed,heicht, height,heid, head; heading,heigh, high,helpit, helped,hen-scraich, chicken cackle, lit. chicken scream,herd, herd-boy; cow-boy, also herd,hermony, harmony,hersel’, herself,hert, heart,her ’t, it to her,hertenin’, enheartening; encouraging,hertless, heartless,herty, heartily; hearty,hid, had, also hid,hield, held,hillie, little hill, diminutive,himsel’, himself,hin’, hind; backside,hin’ side afore, back to front,hing, hang,hirplin, limping; hobbling,his, has, also his; us (emphatic),hit, it, emphatic,hoarible, horrible,hoo, how,hoor, hour,hoose, house,hoosie, little house, diminutive,hoots, exclamation of doubt or contempt,hose, stocking,houff, haunt,houp, hope,how, hollow; valley; glen,hum’le, hornless; fingerless,hun’ers, hundreds,hunger-like, shrivelled; lacking nutrients,hungert, starved,hurtit, hurt,hyne, far (away),i’, in; into,I doobt, I know; I suspect,I wat, I know; I assure (you),idleset, idleness; frivolous amusement,ilk(a), every; each, also common; ordinary,ill, bad; evil; hard; harsh, also misfortune; harm,’ill, will,ill-fauredest, most unbecoming or unmannerly,ill-guideship, mismanagement; ill-treatment,ill-guidit, mismanaged; ill-treated,’im, him,imaigine, imagine,immorawlity, immorality,in atween, in the meantime; between,informt, informed,ingle-neuk, chimney-corner or recess,inten’, intend,inten’it, intended,intil, into; in; within,inveet, invite; invitation,inveetit, invited,ir, are,’is, his,I s’ awa, I’m off; I’d better go,Ise, I shall,isna, is not,i’stead, instead,ither, other; another; further,’ithin, within,itsel’, itself,jabble, ripple; small broken waves,jaws, billows; splashes; surges,Jeames, James,jeedge, judge,Jerooslem, Jerusalem,jine, join,jints, joints,jist, just,j’ists, joists,jography, geography,jooggy, jigger; shot (of whisky),justifeed, justified,kail-wife, woman who sells colewort,kaimbt, combed,keepit, kept,keerious, curious,ken, know; be acquainted with; recognise,kenna, do not know,kenspeckle, conspicuous, easily recognised from some peculiarity,kent, known; knew,killt, killed,kin’, kind; nature; sort; agreeable, also somewhat; in some degree,kin’ness, kindness,kirk, church,kirkyaird, churchyard,kist, chest; coffer; box; chest of drawers,knicht, knight,koft, bought,kye, cattle; cows,laad, lad; boy, term of commendation or reverence,laddie, boy, term of affection,lads, boys, term of commendation or reverence,laidders, ladders,laird, landed proprietor; squire; lord,lairick, larch (type of tree),lairt, stuck fast (in mud or snow),laith, loath; unwilling; reluctant,laithly, loathsome; foul; repulsive,Laitin, Latin,lan’, land; country; ground,lane(s), lone; alone; lonely; solitary,lang, long; big; large, also slow; tedious,langer, longer,langsyne, ancient; (old) times; long ago,lan’s, lands; estates,lass, girl; young woman, term of address,lassie, girl, term of endearment,lat, let; allow,lat gang to dirt an’ green bree, go to pot; go to ruin,latten, let; allowed,lauch, laugh,lave, rest; remainder; others, also leave,laverock, lark (type of bird),lawfu’, lawful,lea’, leave,lear, learning; education; lore, also teach,learn, learn, also teach,learnt, learned, also taught,leddies, ladies,leddy, lady,lee, pasture; fallow ground, also shelter from wind or rain,lee’d, lied; told lies,lees, lies,leest, least,leeve, live,leevin’, living; living being,leevit, lived,leeward, towards the grassland, also towards the sheltered side,len’, lend; give; grant, also loan,len’th, length,leuk, look; watch; appearance,licht, light,lichtin’, lighting,lickit, thrashed; punished; struck,lift, load; boost; lift; helping hand, also sky; heavens,like, like; likely to; looking as if to, also as it were; as if,likesna, does not like,likit, liked,liltin’, singing softly; humming,lingelt, fastened; fettered; hobbled,lippen, trust; depend on,livin’, living,’ll, will,loch, loch; lake,lodd, loaded,lo’denin’, loading,lo’dent, loaded,lo’e, love,lo’esome, loveable; lovely; winsome,lood, loud,loon, rascal; rogue; ragamuffin,loot, let; allowed; permitted,Losh!, corrupt form of ‘Lord’, exclamation of surprise or wonder,low, flame,lowse, loose; free,lucifer spunks, lucifer-matches,lug, ear, also shallow wooden dish,luik, look,luikit, looked,lum, chimney,lythe, shelter,mainner, manner,mainteen, maintain,mair, more; greater,mairtins, martins (type of bird),maist, most; mostly,’maist, almost,maister, master; mister,maitter, matter,mak, make; do,mankin’, mankind,mappies, young rabbits, diminutive,maun, must; have to,maunna, must not; may not,mavis, song-thrush (type of bird),mayhap, perhaps; maybe,mayna, may not,mealock, crumb (of oatcake etc.),meen, moon,meenute, minute,meeserable, miserable,meesery, misery,mem, Ma’am; Miss; Madam,mendit, mended; healed,menseless, ill-bred; boorish; unmannerly,mercifu’, merciful; favourable,merriage, marriage,merry, marry, also merry,mervel, marvel,mesel’, myself,micht, might,michtna, might not,michty, mighty; God,midden, dunghill; manure pile,midge, midge; gnat; mosquito,mids, midst; middle,miltin’, melting,min’, mind; recollection, also recollect; remember,minnin, minnow,min’s, minds; reminds; recollects,mint, aimed at; intended to; attempted,mintit, minded; remembered,mirricle, miracle,mischeef, mischief; injury; harm,misguidit, wasted; mismanaged; ill-used,mistak, mistake,mither, mother,mony, many,moo’, mouth,moo’fu’s, mouthfuls,motes, motes; specks; crumbs, reference to Matthew 7:3-5,moul’, mould; loose earth; top soil,mould, mould; loose earth; top soil,muckle, huge; enormous; big; great; much,mune, moon,muntains, mountains,muv, move; affect,My certie!, Take my word for it!,my lane, on my own,mysel’, myself,na, not; by no means,nae, no; none; not,nae wise, nowise; in no way,naebody, nobody; no one,naegait, in no wise; nowhere,naething, nothing,naither, neither,naitral, natural,nane, none,natur, nature,nearhan’, nearly; almost; near by,necessar’, necessary,neebour, neighbour,needcessity, necessity; state of need,needfu’, needful; necessary; needy,needna, do not need; need not,neeper, neighbour,negleckit, neglected,neist, next; nearest,nepkin, large handkerchief,nestie, little nest, diminutive,’neth, beneath; under,neuk, nook; recess; interior angle,news, talk; gossip,nicht, night; evening,nick, score; mark (as signature), also cut,nickum, mischievous and tricky boy,niffer, exchange; barter,nigher, nearer; closer,nipperty, mincing; affected,no, not,noo, now,nor, than; although; if, also nor,nor’-easter, northeast wind,notwithstan’in’, notwithstanding,noucht, nothing; not,nowt, cattle; oxen,o’, of; on,obleeged, obliged,obligatit, obligated; obliged,o’er, over; upon; too,ohn, without; un-, uses past participle not present progressive,ohn expeckit, unexpected,ony, any,onybody, anybody; anyone,onything, anything,oogly, ugly,ook, week,oolets, owls,oonprovidit, unprovided,oor, our,oor lanes, on our own,oorsel’s, ourselves,oot, out,ootcast, outcast,or, before; ere; until; by, also or,ordinar’, ordinary; usual; natural, also custom; habit,orra, odd job (man), also idle; having no settled occupation,ou, oh,oucht, anything; all, also ought,ow, oh, exclamation of surprise,ower, over; upon; too,owershot, very fast; racing; exploding,owse, ox,oye, grandchild; grandson; nephew,pairt, part,pale, pointed piece of wood for fencing,paling, fence of pales,passin’, passing; occasional,pastern, ankle (between hoof and fetlock),pat, put; made,pawkiness, shrewdness; cunning,peelt, skinned,peeramid, pyramid,peety, pity,percaution, precaution,perfec’, perfect; thorough; utter,perplexin’, perplexing,perris, parish,persuaudit, persuaded,perswaud, persuade,perswaudit, persuaded,pey, pay,pit, put; make,pitawtas, potatoes,pitten, put; made,plaguit, plagued; troubled,plet, plate; dish,plooed, ploughed,ploy, amusement; sport; escapade,poassible, possible,pooch, pocket,pooer, power,poun’, pound (sterling),practeesed, practised,prankit, played tricks on, also played fast and loose with,prayt, prayed,prech, preach,pree, taste; try; prove; experience,preevileeges, privileges,prentit, printed,press-bed, box-bed with doors,prest, pressed,preten’it, pretended,priestie, little priest, diminutive,pris’ner, prisoner,prood, proud,pruv, prove,pruv’t, proven; proved,pu’, pull,puckle, small quantity,puir, poor,pump, beer-shop, also pump,putten, put,pyke, pick; pluck,quaiet, quiet,quaiet sough, quiet tongue,quaitet, quieted; silenced,quest’ons, questions,quo’, swore; said; quoth,railly, really,raither, rather,rale, real; true; very,randy, rough; wild; riotous, also coarse-tongued; abusive,rant, make merry; revel,rase, rose,rave, tore,rax, extend; overdo it; stretch,reacht, reached,red, rid; free,redd, set in order; tidy; clean,reef, roof,refar, refer,refeese, refuse,reid, red,reik, smoke,releast, released,repentit, repented,reyn, rein,richt, right; correct, also mend,richtly, certainly; positively,ridic’lous, ridiculous; unseasonable (weather),riggin’, ridge; roof,rigs, ridges (in a ploughed field),rin, run,rintherroot, gadabout; homeless vagrant; tramp,rist, rest,ristet, rested,rizon, reason,ro’d, road; course; way,roomie, little room, diminutive,roon’, around; round,rottan, rat,rouch, rough,roun, whisper,rowtin’, bellowing; roaring; lowing,rucks, ricks; stacks,run k-nots, slip knots (that can not be untied),runkle, wrinkle; crease,’s, us; his; as; is, also has,s’, shall,sab, sob,sae, so; as,safe, safely, also safe,safity, safety,sair, sore; sorely; sad; hard; very; greatly, also serve,saitisfee, satisfy,saiven, seven,sall, shall,san’, sand,sang, song,sangie, little song, diminutive,sangna, did not sing,sankna, did not sink,sarious, serious,sark, shirt,sattle, settle,saugh, sallow; willow (type of tree),saven, wise; knowledgeable,savet, saved,savin’, saving, also except,Sawbath, Sabbath,sawmon, salmon,sawna, did not see,Sawtan, Satan,saxpence, sixpence,’scape, escape,scatter’t, scattered,schuil, school,schuilin’, schooling; education,schuilmaister, schoolmaster,schuilmaisterin’, schoolmastering; teaching,scomfished, suffocated; stifled; choked,scoorin’, scampering,scornin’, mocking; ridiculing,Scotlan’, Scotland,scrape, scrape; shave,scrattit, scratched; dug,scrimp, stunted; sparing, also short in weight or measure,scunner, disgust; disgusting; revolting,scunnerfu’, disgusting; loathsome; sickening,seemile, simile,seener, sooner,sen’, send,set, set out; start off; become,set doon Bony an’ set up Louy, lowers one; exalts another, Psalm 75:7,setna, do not set,Setterday, Saturday,settisfaction, satisfaction,shaidow, shadow,shal’t, shelled,shaw, show; reveal,shee, shoe,sheen, shoes,sherp, sharp,shirra’, sheriff,shoothers, shoulders,shot, speed; blasting; heavy breakers (sea), also shoot,shottin’, shooting,shuitable, suitable,sic, such; so,sich, sigh,sicht, sight,sids, husks of oats,siller, silver; money; wealth,simmer, Summer,sin, since; ago; since then, also sin; sun,sitten, sat,sizon, season,skirlin’, screaming; singing shrilly,sklet, (school) slate, also roofing slate,sklet-pike, slate pencil,sma’, small; little; slight; narrow; young,smokin’ flax, smouldering wick, reference to Matthew 12:20,snap, sharp blow; sudden stumble,snawba’, snowball,sneck, door-latch; catch (gate),snot, small lump (of soot),soary, sorry,some, somewhat; rather; quite; very, also some,somehoo, somehow,soo, ache; throb,soomin’, swimming; floating,soon’, sound,soopit, swept,soucht, sought,sough, sigh; sound of wind; deep breath,soughie, little sough, diminutive,sowens, sour pudding of oats and water,sowl, soul,spak, spoke,spate, spate; flood,speerit, spirit,speir, ask about; enquire; question,speirin’, asking about; enquiring; questioning,speirt, asked about; enquired; questioned,spen’, spend,spendrife, spendthrift,speyk, speak,spune, spoon,spunks, sparks; matches,spurtle, porridge stick, also wooden rod for turning oatcakes,stair, stairs,stan’, stand; stop,stane, stone; measure of weight, 1 stone = 14 pounds,stan’in, standing,stap, stop; stuff, also step,stappit, stopped; stuffed, also stepped,steek, shut; close; push, also stitch (as in clothing),stert, start; jump with surprise,sterve, starve,stick, stick; gore; butt with horns,stickit, stuck; gored,stippety-stap, short mincing gait,stirks, steers,stoot, stout; healthy; strong; plucky,strae, straw,straik, streak; stroke; caress,strang, strong,stray, lost; not at home,stude, stood,subjec’, subject,sud, should,sudna, should not,sune, soon; early,suner, sooner,sunest, soonest,supposit, supposed,sutor, shoemaker; cobbler,sweem, swim; float,sweir, swear,swoord, sword,syne, ago; since; then; at that time, also in (good) time,’t, it,tae, toe, also the one,taeless, toeless,ta’en, taken; seized,tailie, little tail, diminutive,tak, take; seize,tak a lug, have a dish,tak tent, look out; pay attention,takna, do not take,tane, the one,tap, top; tip; head,tarn, mountain lake,taucht, taught,tay, tea,tee, ‘to ye’ i.e. to you, also tea; too; also,teetle, title,tellt, told,tent, attention; care; heed; notice,teuch, tough; hard,teuk, took,than, then, also thanthankit, thanked,the day, today,the morn, tomorrow,the morn’s, tomorrow is,the nicht, tonight,the noo, just now,thegither, together,themsel’s, themselves,thereoot, outside; out there; out-of-doors,thestreen, last night,think, feel; experience; expect; wonder,Think ye?, Do you think so?,this lang time, for a long time,tho’, though,thoo, thou; you (God),thoom, thumb,thoosan’, thousand,thouch, though,thoucht, thought,thrapple, windpipe; neck,thraw, throw; turn; twist,thraw one’s lug, twist one’s ear; punish,three-fauld, threefold; three times,threep, argue obstinately, also maintain by dint of assertion,thro’t, throat,throt-ro’d, throat, i.e. be drunk,throu’, through,thunner, thunder,tice, entice; coax,’tice, entice; coax,till, to; till; until; about; at; before,ting-a-ling, sound of a small bell,tint, lost; got lost,tiret, tired,’tis, it is,tither, the other,tod, fox,toom, empty; unload,toom-heidit, empty headed,toon, town; village,tow, rope; string,trail, drag forcibly; haul along,traivel, travel,trible, trouble,trifflin’, trifling,trim’le, tremble,trimmin’, beating; scolding,troth, truth; indeed, used as an exclamation,trowth, truth,trustit, trusted,’ts, its,tuck, beat (drum),tuik, took,tum’ler, tumbler; glass (of whisky),turnt, turned,twa, two; a few,’twar, it were,’twarna, it were not,’twas, it was,twise, twice,twistet, twisted,tyauve, strive; struggle,tyne, lose; get lost,ugsome, disgusting; frightful; ghastly,umbrell, umbrella,unco, unknown; odd; strange; uncouth, also very great,un’er, under,un’erstan’, understand,up the stair, upstairs,upliftit, uplifted,upo’, upon; on to; at,up-road, road (to heaven),vailue, value,vainity, vanity,verra, very; true; real,v’ice, voice,vreet, write,vroucht, wrought; worked,wa’, wall, also waywad, would,wadna, would not,wae, woe; sad; sorrowful,waggin’, wagging; nodding,waitit, waited,walcome, welcome,w’alth, wealth; abundance,wan, reached; gained; got,wantin’, wanting; lacking; without; in want of,wantit, wanted,war, were,wark, work; labour,warl’, world; worldly goods, also a large number,warl’s gear, worldly substance,warna, were not,warran’, warrant; guarantee,warrin’, warring,warst, worst,warstle, wrestle,warstlin’, wrestling,wa’s, walls, also ways,washen, washed,wasna, was not,wasterfu’, wasteful; extravagant,water-brose, oatmeal stirred into boiling, water until thick,wather, weather,watter, water,waur, worse, also spend moneywee, small; little; bit, also short time; while,weel, well; fine,weel-behaved, well-behaved,weet, wet; dew; rain,weetin’, wetting; getting wet,weicht, weight,weir, wear, also hedge; fence; enclosure,weird, doom; disaster,weyve, weave; knit,weyver, weaver; knitter, also knitter of stockings; spider,wha, who,whae’er, whoever,wha’ll, who will,whan, when,wharfor, what for; why; for what reason,wha’s, who is, also whoseWhat ca’ they ye?, What’s your name?,What for no?, Why not?,What for?, Why?,whaten, (on; by) what; what kind of,what-for, why; reason, also punishment; retribution,whaul, whale,whaur, where,whause, whose,wheel, eddy; pool; deep still part of the river,wheen, little; few; number; quantity,whiles, sometimes; at times; now and then,whilk, which,Whisht!, Quiet! Silence! Hush!,whumled, whelmed; overwhelmed; upset,whup, whip,whusky, whisky,whustle, whistle,wi’, with,wice-like, seem wise,wicket, back-door of a barn,wickit, wicked,wifie, little woman, term of endearment,willin’est, willingest,win, reach; gain; get,win’, wind,win’le strae, straw or grass dried on its root, weak; unhealthy,winna, will not,wins, reaches; gains; gets,winsome, large; comely,wi’oot, without,wires, knitting needles,wis, was,wither, weather,won’er, wonder; marvel,won’erfu’, wonderful; great; large,won’erin’, wondering,worset, woollen fabric; wool; worsted,worum, worm,wrang, wrong; injured,writch, rich,wuddie, gallows, also willow,wuds, woods; forests,wull, will; wish; desire, also astray; stray; wild,wullin’, willing; wanting,wuman, woman,wunna, would not; will not,wur, lay out,wuss, wish,wut, wit; intelligence; sense,w’y, way,wydin’, wading,wyte, blame; reproach,yaird, yard,ye, you; yourself,year, years, also year,ye’ll, you will,yer, your,yer lane, on your own,ye’re, you are,yersel’, yourself,ye ’t, it to you,yett, gate,yeuks, itches,yeuky, itchy,ye’ve, you have,yon, that; those; that there,yon’er, yonder; over there; in that place,yon’ll, that will; that (thing) there will,yon’s, that is; that (thing) there is,yoong, young,