662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑688Burrows, p. 45.↑689Junker, III p. 507.↑690Baumann, p. 224.↑691Baumann, p. 179.↑692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑693Baumann, p. 187.↑694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑696Sibree, p. 227.↑697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑699Fritsch, p. 261.↑700Fritsch, p. 364.↑701See above, p. 139.↑702Galton, p. 142.↑703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑706Fritsch, p. 444.↑707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑712Ibid., p. 207.↑713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑721Kandt, p. 254.↑722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑
662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑688Burrows, p. 45.↑689Junker, III p. 507.↑690Baumann, p. 224.↑691Baumann, p. 179.↑692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑693Baumann, p. 187.↑694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑696Sibree, p. 227.↑697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑699Fritsch, p. 261.↑700Fritsch, p. 364.↑701See above, p. 139.↑702Galton, p. 142.↑703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑706Fritsch, p. 444.↑707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑712Ibid., p. 207.↑713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑721Kandt, p. 254.↑722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑
662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑688Burrows, p. 45.↑689Junker, III p. 507.↑690Baumann, p. 224.↑691Baumann, p. 179.↑692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑693Baumann, p. 187.↑694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑696Sibree, p. 227.↑697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑699Fritsch, p. 261.↑700Fritsch, p. 364.↑701See above, p. 139.↑702Galton, p. 142.↑703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑706Fritsch, p. 444.↑707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑712Ibid., p. 207.↑713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑721Kandt, p. 254.↑722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑
662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑688Burrows, p. 45.↑689Junker, III p. 507.↑690Baumann, p. 224.↑691Baumann, p. 179.↑692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑693Baumann, p. 187.↑694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑696Sibree, p. 227.↑697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑699Fritsch, p. 261.↑700Fritsch, p. 364.↑701See above, p. 139.↑702Galton, p. 142.↑703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑706Fritsch, p. 444.↑707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑712Ibid., p. 207.↑713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑721Kandt, p. 254.↑722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑
662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑688Burrows, p. 45.↑689Junker, III p. 507.↑690Baumann, p. 224.↑691Baumann, p. 179.↑692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑693Baumann, p. 187.↑694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑696Sibree, p. 227.↑697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑699Fritsch, p. 261.↑700Fritsch, p. 364.↑701See above, p. 139.↑702Galton, p. 142.↑703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑706Fritsch, p. 444.↑707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑712Ibid., p. 207.↑713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑721Kandt, p. 254.↑722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑
662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑
662Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83.↑
663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑
663Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67.↑
664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑
664Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑
665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑
665Tellier, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑
666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑
666Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1).↑
667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑
667Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier,Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq.↑
668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑
668Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118.↑
669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑
669Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276.↑
670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑
670On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93.↑
671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑
671De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52.↑
672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑
672Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62.↑
673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑
673Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233.↑
674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑
674Corre, pp. 15, 16.↑
675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑
675In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples.↑
676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑
676Chaillé Long, p. 29.↑
677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑
677Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162.↑
678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑
678Schweinfurth, I p. 164.↑
679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑
679Schweinfurth; Junker.↑
680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑
680Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96.↑
681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑
681Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha).↑
682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑
682Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529.↑
683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑
683Ibid., pp. 530 sqq.↑
684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑
684Junker, II pp. 477, 462.↑
685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑
685Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428.↑
686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑
686Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292.↑
687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑
687Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129.↑
688Burrows, p. 45.↑
688Burrows, p. 45.↑
689Junker, III p. 507.↑
689Junker, III p. 507.↑
690Baumann, p. 224.↑
690Baumann, p. 224.↑
691Baumann, p. 179.↑
691Baumann, p. 179.↑
692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑
692Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164).↑
693Baumann, p. 187.↑
693Baumann, p. 187.↑
694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑
694Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin.↑
695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑
695Compiègne,Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191.↑
696Sibree, p. 227.↑
696Sibree, p. 227.↑
697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑
697Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113↑
698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑
698Walter, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387.↑
699Fritsch, p. 261.↑
699Fritsch, p. 261.↑
700Fritsch, p. 364.↑
700Fritsch, p. 364.↑
701See above, p. 139.↑
701See above, p. 139.↑
702Galton, p. 142.↑
702Galton, p. 142.↑
703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑
703Wandrer, in Steinmetz’sRechtsverhältnisse, p. 323.↑
704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑
704Holub,Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112.↑
705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑
705Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge,Die Buschmänner.↑
706Fritsch, p. 444.↑
706Fritsch, p. 444.↑
707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑
707Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows.↑
708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑
708Burrows, pp. 39, 38.↑
709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑
709Lenz has some notes on the Abongos.↑
710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑
710Serpa Pinto, I p. 322.↑
711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑
711Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155.↑
712Ibid., p. 207.↑
712Ibid., p. 207.↑
713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑
713Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245.↑
714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑
714Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428.↑
715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑
715Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497.↑
716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑
716Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56.↑
717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑
717Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141.↑
718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑
718Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4.↑
719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑
719Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208.↑
720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑
720Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark.↑
721Kandt, p. 254.↑
721Kandt, p. 254.↑
722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑
722Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel.↑
723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑
723Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402.↑
724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑
724On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170).↑
725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑
725Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel.↑
726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑
726See above, p. 157, note 1.↑
727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑
727In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases.↑