218Hardisty, p. 311.↑219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑222Grinnell p. 48.↑223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑229Ross, p. 310.↑230Elliott, p. 417.↑231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑237Grinnell, p. 48.↑238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑239Ibid., p. 19.↑240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑253Hardisty, p. 314.↑254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑261See above, p. 224.↑262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑263Dodge, p. 122.↑264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑275Ibid., II p. 33.↑276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑277Bancroft, p. 524.↑278Ibid., p. 499.↑279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑280Crantz, I p. 161.↑281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑282Bancroft, p. 54.↑283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑284Rink, p. 9.↑285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑286Crantz, III p. 147.↑287Rink, p. 27.↑288Crantz, I p. 159.↑289Rink, p. 33.↑290Further papers, p. 43.↑291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑293Bancroft, p. 55.↑294Rink, p. 11.↑295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑298Rink, p. 13.↑299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑305Bancroft, p. 65.↑306Rink, p. 26.↑307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑308Crantz, I p. 187.↑309Bancroft, p. 65.↑310Crantz, I p. 180.↑311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑312Bancroft, p. 66.↑313Crantz, I p. 186.↑314Crantz, I p. 207.↑315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑316Bancroft, p. 120.↑317See above, p. 200.↑318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑319Bancroft, p. 56.↑320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑321See above, pp. 47–48.↑322Crantz, I p. 186.↑323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑325Crantz, I p. 215.↑326See above, p. 212.↑327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑
218Hardisty, p. 311.↑219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑222Grinnell p. 48.↑223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑229Ross, p. 310.↑230Elliott, p. 417.↑231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑237Grinnell, p. 48.↑238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑239Ibid., p. 19.↑240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑253Hardisty, p. 314.↑254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑261See above, p. 224.↑262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑263Dodge, p. 122.↑264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑275Ibid., II p. 33.↑276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑277Bancroft, p. 524.↑278Ibid., p. 499.↑279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑280Crantz, I p. 161.↑281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑282Bancroft, p. 54.↑283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑284Rink, p. 9.↑285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑286Crantz, III p. 147.↑287Rink, p. 27.↑288Crantz, I p. 159.↑289Rink, p. 33.↑290Further papers, p. 43.↑291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑293Bancroft, p. 55.↑294Rink, p. 11.↑295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑298Rink, p. 13.↑299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑305Bancroft, p. 65.↑306Rink, p. 26.↑307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑308Crantz, I p. 187.↑309Bancroft, p. 65.↑310Crantz, I p. 180.↑311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑312Bancroft, p. 66.↑313Crantz, I p. 186.↑314Crantz, I p. 207.↑315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑316Bancroft, p. 120.↑317See above, p. 200.↑318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑319Bancroft, p. 56.↑320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑321See above, pp. 47–48.↑322Crantz, I p. 186.↑323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑325Crantz, I p. 215.↑326See above, p. 212.↑327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑
218Hardisty, p. 311.↑219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑222Grinnell p. 48.↑223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑229Ross, p. 310.↑230Elliott, p. 417.↑231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑237Grinnell, p. 48.↑238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑239Ibid., p. 19.↑240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑253Hardisty, p. 314.↑254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑261See above, p. 224.↑262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑263Dodge, p. 122.↑264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑275Ibid., II p. 33.↑276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑277Bancroft, p. 524.↑278Ibid., p. 499.↑279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑280Crantz, I p. 161.↑281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑282Bancroft, p. 54.↑283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑284Rink, p. 9.↑285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑286Crantz, III p. 147.↑287Rink, p. 27.↑288Crantz, I p. 159.↑289Rink, p. 33.↑290Further papers, p. 43.↑291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑293Bancroft, p. 55.↑294Rink, p. 11.↑295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑298Rink, p. 13.↑299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑305Bancroft, p. 65.↑306Rink, p. 26.↑307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑308Crantz, I p. 187.↑309Bancroft, p. 65.↑310Crantz, I p. 180.↑311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑312Bancroft, p. 66.↑313Crantz, I p. 186.↑314Crantz, I p. 207.↑315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑316Bancroft, p. 120.↑317See above, p. 200.↑318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑319Bancroft, p. 56.↑320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑321See above, pp. 47–48.↑322Crantz, I p. 186.↑323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑325Crantz, I p. 215.↑326See above, p. 212.↑327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑
218Hardisty, p. 311.↑219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑222Grinnell p. 48.↑223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑229Ross, p. 310.↑230Elliott, p. 417.↑231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑237Grinnell, p. 48.↑238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑239Ibid., p. 19.↑240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑253Hardisty, p. 314.↑254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑261See above, p. 224.↑262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑263Dodge, p. 122.↑264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑275Ibid., II p. 33.↑276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑277Bancroft, p. 524.↑278Ibid., p. 499.↑279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑280Crantz, I p. 161.↑281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑282Bancroft, p. 54.↑283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑284Rink, p. 9.↑285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑286Crantz, III p. 147.↑287Rink, p. 27.↑288Crantz, I p. 159.↑289Rink, p. 33.↑290Further papers, p. 43.↑291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑293Bancroft, p. 55.↑294Rink, p. 11.↑295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑298Rink, p. 13.↑299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑305Bancroft, p. 65.↑306Rink, p. 26.↑307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑308Crantz, I p. 187.↑309Bancroft, p. 65.↑310Crantz, I p. 180.↑311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑312Bancroft, p. 66.↑313Crantz, I p. 186.↑314Crantz, I p. 207.↑315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑316Bancroft, p. 120.↑317See above, p. 200.↑318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑319Bancroft, p. 56.↑320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑321See above, pp. 47–48.↑322Crantz, I p. 186.↑323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑325Crantz, I p. 215.↑326See above, p. 212.↑327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑
218Hardisty, p. 311.↑219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑222Grinnell p. 48.↑223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑229Ross, p. 310.↑230Elliott, p. 417.↑231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑237Grinnell, p. 48.↑238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑239Ibid., p. 19.↑240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑253Hardisty, p. 314.↑254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑261See above, p. 224.↑262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑263Dodge, p. 122.↑264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑275Ibid., II p. 33.↑276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑277Bancroft, p. 524.↑278Ibid., p. 499.↑279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑280Crantz, I p. 161.↑281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑282Bancroft, p. 54.↑283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑284Rink, p. 9.↑285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑286Crantz, III p. 147.↑287Rink, p. 27.↑288Crantz, I p. 159.↑289Rink, p. 33.↑290Further papers, p. 43.↑291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑293Bancroft, p. 55.↑294Rink, p. 11.↑295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑298Rink, p. 13.↑299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑305Bancroft, p. 65.↑306Rink, p. 26.↑307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑308Crantz, I p. 187.↑309Bancroft, p. 65.↑310Crantz, I p. 180.↑311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑312Bancroft, p. 66.↑313Crantz, I p. 186.↑314Crantz, I p. 207.↑315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑316Bancroft, p. 120.↑317See above, p. 200.↑318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑319Bancroft, p. 56.↑320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑321See above, pp. 47–48.↑322Crantz, I p. 186.↑323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑325Crantz, I p. 215.↑326See above, p. 212.↑327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑
218Hardisty, p. 311.↑
218Hardisty, p. 311.↑
219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑
219Mackenzie, II p. 193.↑
220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑
220Schoolcraft, I p. 231.↑
221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑
221Lewis and Clark, II p. 116.↑
222Grinnell p. 48.↑
222Grinnell p. 48.↑
223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑
223Furtherpapers, p. 47.↑
224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑
224Jes. Rel., VI pp. 83, 259, 149.↑
225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑
225Ibid., p. 133; see also Sagard, p. 78.↑
226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑
226Keating, II pp. 149, 51; Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 58; Kohl, II pp. 133 sqq.↑
227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑
227Mackenzie, I p. 128.↑
228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑
228Reports of Expl., I p. 448; XII Part I p. 73.↑
229Ross, p. 310.↑
229Ross, p. 310.↑
230Elliott, p. 417.↑
230Elliott, p. 417.↑
231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑
231Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 321; Kirby, p. 418; Hardisty, p. 312.↑
232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑
232Mackenzie, II p. 10.↑
233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑
233Schoolcraft, II p. 172.↑
234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑
234Hunter,Gedenkschriften, pp. 49, 46.↑
235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑
235Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Bancroft, p. 485.↑
236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑
236Schoolcraft, I p. 231; Bancroft, p. 492.↑
237Grinnell, p. 48.↑
237Grinnell, p. 48.↑
238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑
238Jes. Rel., VI p. 273.↑
239Ibid., p. 19.↑
239Ibid., p. 19.↑
240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑
240Reports of Expl., I p. 444.↑
241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑
241Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 324; Hardisty, p. 311.↑
242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑
242Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑
243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑
243Grinnell, pp. 146, 150, 152–156, 160, 161.↑
244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑
244Jes. Rel., V p. 195.↑
245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑
245Roosevelt, I p. 90.↑
246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑
246Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108.↑
247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑
247Reports of Expl., XII Part I p. 76; Schoolcraft, V p. 686.↑
248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑
248Jones, Kutchin tribes, p. 325; Hardisty, p. 312; Whymper, p. 280.↑
249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑
249Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑
250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑
250Eastman, Dahcotah, pp. 82–84; Neill, p. 86.↑
251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑
251Schoolcraft, V p. 260; Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 195; Bancroft, p. 508.↑
252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑
252Schoolcraft, I p. 231; II p. 132.↑
253Hardisty, p. 314.↑
253Hardisty, p. 314.↑
254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑
254Mackenzie, I p. 153. On the Sioux see Neill as quoted on p. 241.↑
255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑
255Hunter,Gedenkschriften, p. 50.↑
256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑
256Jes. Rel., V p. 181, VI p. 233.↑
257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑
257Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 108; Long, p. 137; Kohl, I p. 8, II p. 252.↑
258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑
258Mackenzie, I p. 120.↑
259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑
259Zu Wied,Nord-Amerika, I p. 573.↑
260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑
260Mackenzie, I p. 147.↑
261See above, p. 224.↑
261See above, p. 224.↑
262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑
262Mackenzie, II p. 11.↑
263Dodge, p. 122.↑
263Dodge, p. 122.↑
264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑
264Eastman, Dahcotah, p. XXIV; Schoolcraft, II p. 189.↑
265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑
265Bancroft, pp. 511, 513.↑
266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑
266Schoolcraft, I p. 235, II p. 132.↑
267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑
267Lewis and Clark, II pp. 118, 119.↑
268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑
268Grinnell, pp. 46, 47.↑
269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑
269Ten Kate,Noord-Amerika, p. 365.↑
270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑
270Roosevelt, I p. 82.↑
271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑
271Jones, Ojibway Indians, p. 64.↑
272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑
272Mackenzie, I pp. 130, 123.↑
273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑
273Reports of Expl., I p. 443.↑
274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑
274Mackenzie, I p. 271.↑
275Ibid., II p. 33.↑
275Ibid., II p. 33.↑
276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑
276Eastman, Dahcotah, p. X.↑
277Bancroft, p. 524.↑
277Bancroft, p. 524.↑
278Ibid., p. 499.↑
278Ibid., p. 499.↑
279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑
279Adoption of captives was very frequent among the Indians of North America. Of the tribes, on which we were able to get information, the following practised this custom: Delawares, Ojibways, Shahnees, Crees, Cheyennes, Abenakies, Iroquois, Hurons, Cherokees, Sioux, Hidatsas, Omahas, Osage and Kansas Indians, Mandans, Comanches, Montagnais. See above, pp. 52–65, 192.↑
280Crantz, I p. 161.↑
280Crantz, I p. 161.↑
281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑
281Boas, Central Eskimo, p. 419.↑
282Bancroft, p. 54.↑
282Bancroft, p. 54.↑
283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑
283Crantz, I pp. 158 sqq.; Boas, l.c. pp. 540 sqq.; Bancroft, pp. 50 sqq.↑
284Rink, p. 9.↑
284Rink, p. 9.↑
285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑
285Boas, l.c. p. 547.↑
286Crantz, III p. 147.↑
286Crantz, III p. 147.↑
287Rink, p. 27.↑
287Rink, p. 27.↑
288Crantz, I p. 159.↑
288Crantz, I p. 159.↑
289Rink, p. 33.↑
289Rink, p. 33.↑
290Further papers, p. 43.↑
290Further papers, p. 43.↑
291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑
291Crantz, I pp. 162–164.↑
292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑
292Boas, l.c. pp. 550, 574.↑
293Bancroft, p. 55.↑
293Bancroft, p. 55.↑
294Rink, p. 11.↑
294Rink, p. 11.↑
295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑
295Crantz, I pp. 195, 196.↑
296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑
296Boas, l.c. p. 469.↑
297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑
297Bancroft, pp. 63, 64.↑
298Rink, p. 13.↑
298Rink, p. 13.↑
299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑
299Boas, l.c. p. 486.↑
300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑
300Crantz, I pp. 165–168.↑
301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑
301Bancroft, pp. 59, 61.↑
302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑
302Crantz, I pp. 201, 202; III p. 180 note.↑
303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑
303Rink, pp. 9, 29.↑
304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑
304Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑
305Bancroft, p. 65.↑
305Bancroft, p. 65.↑
306Rink, p. 26.↑
306Rink, p. 26.↑
307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑
307Crantz, I pp. 214, 215.↑
308Crantz, I p. 187.↑
308Crantz, I p. 187.↑
309Bancroft, p. 65.↑
309Bancroft, p. 65.↑
310Crantz, I p. 180.↑
310Crantz, I p. 180.↑
311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑
311Boas, l.c. pp. 579, 580.↑
312Bancroft, p. 66.↑
312Bancroft, p. 66.↑
313Crantz, I p. 186.↑
313Crantz, I p. 186.↑
314Crantz, I p. 207.↑
314Crantz, I p. 207.↑
315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑
315Boas, l.c. p. 465.↑
316Bancroft, p. 120.↑
316Bancroft, p. 120.↑
317See above, p. 200.↑
317See above, p. 200.↑
318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑
318Crantz, I pp. 172, 173, 184, 185.↑
319Bancroft, p. 56.↑
319Bancroft, p. 56.↑
320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑
320Boas, l.c. pp. 471 sqq.↑
321See above, pp. 47–48.↑
321See above, pp. 47–48.↑
322Crantz, I p. 186.↑
322Crantz, I p. 186.↑
323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑
323Boas, l.c. p. 581. See also Murdoch, p. 419, and Ray, p. 44 on adoption among the Eskimos of Point Barrow.↑
324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑
324Boas, l.c. p. 581.↑
325Crantz, I p. 215.↑
325Crantz, I p. 215.↑
326See above, p. 212.↑
326See above, p. 212.↑
327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑
327Such a state of things, in Wilkes’s time, prevailed in Tahiti. “A native” he remarks “may in the morning be wholly destitute even of implements wherewith to work, and before nightfall he may be found clothed, lodged, and have all the necessaries of life around him in abundance.” Wilkes, II p. 17.↑
328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑
328“Preserving of food” occurs twice, because it works in different directions.↑