CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES
NO. IIContemporary SovereignsThe periods have been selected during which leading events in Spanish history have occurred.A.D.Spain.England.France.Rome.800Alonso II. el CastoEgbertCharlemagneLeo III.877Alonso III. el MagnoAlfredLouis II.John VII.996Ramiro III.Ethelred II.Hugh CapetGregory V.1075Sancho II.William the ConquerorPhilip I.Gregory VII.1155Alfonso VII.Henry II.Louis VII.Adrian IV.Breakspeare1245San FernandoHenry III.St. LouisInnocent IV.1345Alfonso XI.Edward III.Philip VI.Benedict VI.1360Pedro el CruelEdward III.John II.Innocent VI.1485Isabel la CatolicaHenry VII.Charles VIII.Innocent VIII.1515Fernando de AragonHenry VIII.Francis I.Leo X.1550Carlos V.Edward VI.Henry II.Paul III.1560Felipe II.ElizabethCharles IX.Pius IV.1644Felipe IV.Charles I.Louis XIV.Innocent X.1705Felipe V.AnneLouis XIV.Clement XI.1760Carlos III.George III.Louis XV.Clement XIII.1808Fernando VII.George III.Napoleon I.Pius VII.1840Isabel II.—VictoriaLouis PhilippeGregory XVI.Napoleon III.and Pius IX.1877Alfonso XII.French RepublicLeo XIII.1886Cristina, queen-regent1886Alfonso XIII.
NO. II
Contemporary Sovereigns
The periods have been selected during which leading events in Spanish history have occurred.
FOOTNOTES:[1]“Historia general de España,” by Juan de Mariana. 9 vols., Valencia, 1783-96.[2]Al Manzor al Allah: “The Victor of God; or, Victorious by the Grace of God.”[3]Mas Moros mas ganancia, “The more the Moors, the greater the booty,” was one of his sayings, and it has passed into a well-known national proverb.[4]Having kicked to pieces the splendid furniture and beaten the Papal chamberlain, he proceeded to threaten to caparison his horse with the rich hangings of the chapel, if the Pope refused him instant Absolution!Si no me absolveis, el Papa,Seriaos mal contadoQue do vuestras ricas ropasCubriré yo mi caballo!—Wolf and Hofmann, “Cid Ballads.”[5]Muley is an Arabic word meaning “my lord.”[6]Certainly in 1480, possibly not five-and-twenty years later. From curious criminal proceedings instituted against the Corregidor of Medina del Campo, we learn that that high judicial authority had not hesitated to declare that the soul of Isabella had gone direct to hell for her cruel oppression of her subjects, and that King Ferdinand was a thief and a robber, and that all the people round Medina and Valladolid, where the queen was best known, had formed the same judgment of her. “Arch. Gen. Simancas,” Estado, Legajo i., folio 192; “Calendar of State Papers” (Spain), Supplement to i. and ii. (1868), p. 27.[7]From January, 1493, till October, 1497.[8]Legaspi and Guido Lavezares, under oath, made promises of rewards to the Lacandola family and a remission of tribute in perpetuity, but they were not fulfilled. In the following century—year 1660—it appears that the descendants of the rajah Lacandola still upheld the Spanish authority, and having become sorely impoverished thereby, the heir of the family petitioned the governor (Sabiniano Manrique de Lara) to make good the honor of his first predecessors. Eventually the Lacandolas were exempted from the payment of tribute and poll tax forever, as recompense for the filching of their domains.In 1884, when the fiscal reforms were introduced which abolished the tribute and established in lieu thereof a document of personal identity (cedula personal), for which a tax is levied, the last vestige of privilege disappeared.Descendants of Lacandola are still to be met with in several villages near Manila. They do not seem to have materially profited by their transcendent ancestry—one of them was serving as a waiter in a French restaurant in the capital in 1885.[9]Guido de Lavezares deposed a sultan in Borneo, in order to aid another to the throne, and even asked permission of King Philip II. to conquer China, which of course was not conceded to him.Videalso the history of the destruction of the Aztec (Mexican) and Incas (Peruvian) dynasties by the Spaniards.[10]According to Juan de la Concepcion, in his “Hist. Gen. de Philipinas,” Vol I., page 431, Li-ma-hong made his escape by cutting a canal for his ships to pass through, but this appears highly improbable under the circumstances.[11]Other authors assert that only Soliman rebelled.[12]Bondage in the Philippines was apparently not so necessary for the interests of the Church as it was in Cuba, where a commission of friars, appointed soon after the discovery of the island to deliberate on the policy of partially permitting slavery there, reported “that the Indians would not labor without compulsion, and that, unless they labored, they could not be brought into communication with the whites, nor be converted to Christianity.” Vide W. H. Prescott’s “Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico.”[13]“Hist. Gen. de Philipinas,” by Juan de la Concepcion Vol. III., Chap. IX., page 365, pub. Manila, 1788.[14]So tenacious was the opposition brought by the Austin friars both in Manila and the provinces that the British appear to have regarded them as their special foes.
FOOTNOTES:
[1]“Historia general de España,” by Juan de Mariana. 9 vols., Valencia, 1783-96.
[1]“Historia general de España,” by Juan de Mariana. 9 vols., Valencia, 1783-96.
[2]Al Manzor al Allah: “The Victor of God; or, Victorious by the Grace of God.”
[2]Al Manzor al Allah: “The Victor of God; or, Victorious by the Grace of God.”
[3]Mas Moros mas ganancia, “The more the Moors, the greater the booty,” was one of his sayings, and it has passed into a well-known national proverb.
[3]Mas Moros mas ganancia, “The more the Moors, the greater the booty,” was one of his sayings, and it has passed into a well-known national proverb.
[4]Having kicked to pieces the splendid furniture and beaten the Papal chamberlain, he proceeded to threaten to caparison his horse with the rich hangings of the chapel, if the Pope refused him instant Absolution!Si no me absolveis, el Papa,Seriaos mal contadoQue do vuestras ricas ropasCubriré yo mi caballo!—Wolf and Hofmann, “Cid Ballads.”
[4]Having kicked to pieces the splendid furniture and beaten the Papal chamberlain, he proceeded to threaten to caparison his horse with the rich hangings of the chapel, if the Pope refused him instant Absolution!
Si no me absolveis, el Papa,Seriaos mal contadoQue do vuestras ricas ropasCubriré yo mi caballo!—Wolf and Hofmann, “Cid Ballads.”
Si no me absolveis, el Papa,Seriaos mal contadoQue do vuestras ricas ropasCubriré yo mi caballo!—Wolf and Hofmann, “Cid Ballads.”
Si no me absolveis, el Papa,Seriaos mal contadoQue do vuestras ricas ropasCubriré yo mi caballo!—Wolf and Hofmann, “Cid Ballads.”
[5]Muley is an Arabic word meaning “my lord.”
[5]Muley is an Arabic word meaning “my lord.”
[6]Certainly in 1480, possibly not five-and-twenty years later. From curious criminal proceedings instituted against the Corregidor of Medina del Campo, we learn that that high judicial authority had not hesitated to declare that the soul of Isabella had gone direct to hell for her cruel oppression of her subjects, and that King Ferdinand was a thief and a robber, and that all the people round Medina and Valladolid, where the queen was best known, had formed the same judgment of her. “Arch. Gen. Simancas,” Estado, Legajo i., folio 192; “Calendar of State Papers” (Spain), Supplement to i. and ii. (1868), p. 27.
[6]Certainly in 1480, possibly not five-and-twenty years later. From curious criminal proceedings instituted against the Corregidor of Medina del Campo, we learn that that high judicial authority had not hesitated to declare that the soul of Isabella had gone direct to hell for her cruel oppression of her subjects, and that King Ferdinand was a thief and a robber, and that all the people round Medina and Valladolid, where the queen was best known, had formed the same judgment of her. “Arch. Gen. Simancas,” Estado, Legajo i., folio 192; “Calendar of State Papers” (Spain), Supplement to i. and ii. (1868), p. 27.
[7]From January, 1493, till October, 1497.
[7]From January, 1493, till October, 1497.
[8]Legaspi and Guido Lavezares, under oath, made promises of rewards to the Lacandola family and a remission of tribute in perpetuity, but they were not fulfilled. In the following century—year 1660—it appears that the descendants of the rajah Lacandola still upheld the Spanish authority, and having become sorely impoverished thereby, the heir of the family petitioned the governor (Sabiniano Manrique de Lara) to make good the honor of his first predecessors. Eventually the Lacandolas were exempted from the payment of tribute and poll tax forever, as recompense for the filching of their domains.In 1884, when the fiscal reforms were introduced which abolished the tribute and established in lieu thereof a document of personal identity (cedula personal), for which a tax is levied, the last vestige of privilege disappeared.Descendants of Lacandola are still to be met with in several villages near Manila. They do not seem to have materially profited by their transcendent ancestry—one of them was serving as a waiter in a French restaurant in the capital in 1885.
[8]Legaspi and Guido Lavezares, under oath, made promises of rewards to the Lacandola family and a remission of tribute in perpetuity, but they were not fulfilled. In the following century—year 1660—it appears that the descendants of the rajah Lacandola still upheld the Spanish authority, and having become sorely impoverished thereby, the heir of the family petitioned the governor (Sabiniano Manrique de Lara) to make good the honor of his first predecessors. Eventually the Lacandolas were exempted from the payment of tribute and poll tax forever, as recompense for the filching of their domains.
In 1884, when the fiscal reforms were introduced which abolished the tribute and established in lieu thereof a document of personal identity (cedula personal), for which a tax is levied, the last vestige of privilege disappeared.
Descendants of Lacandola are still to be met with in several villages near Manila. They do not seem to have materially profited by their transcendent ancestry—one of them was serving as a waiter in a French restaurant in the capital in 1885.
[9]Guido de Lavezares deposed a sultan in Borneo, in order to aid another to the throne, and even asked permission of King Philip II. to conquer China, which of course was not conceded to him.Videalso the history of the destruction of the Aztec (Mexican) and Incas (Peruvian) dynasties by the Spaniards.
[9]Guido de Lavezares deposed a sultan in Borneo, in order to aid another to the throne, and even asked permission of King Philip II. to conquer China, which of course was not conceded to him.Videalso the history of the destruction of the Aztec (Mexican) and Incas (Peruvian) dynasties by the Spaniards.
[10]According to Juan de la Concepcion, in his “Hist. Gen. de Philipinas,” Vol I., page 431, Li-ma-hong made his escape by cutting a canal for his ships to pass through, but this appears highly improbable under the circumstances.
[10]According to Juan de la Concepcion, in his “Hist. Gen. de Philipinas,” Vol I., page 431, Li-ma-hong made his escape by cutting a canal for his ships to pass through, but this appears highly improbable under the circumstances.
[11]Other authors assert that only Soliman rebelled.
[11]Other authors assert that only Soliman rebelled.
[12]Bondage in the Philippines was apparently not so necessary for the interests of the Church as it was in Cuba, where a commission of friars, appointed soon after the discovery of the island to deliberate on the policy of partially permitting slavery there, reported “that the Indians would not labor without compulsion, and that, unless they labored, they could not be brought into communication with the whites, nor be converted to Christianity.” Vide W. H. Prescott’s “Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico.”
[12]Bondage in the Philippines was apparently not so necessary for the interests of the Church as it was in Cuba, where a commission of friars, appointed soon after the discovery of the island to deliberate on the policy of partially permitting slavery there, reported “that the Indians would not labor without compulsion, and that, unless they labored, they could not be brought into communication with the whites, nor be converted to Christianity.” Vide W. H. Prescott’s “Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico.”
[13]“Hist. Gen. de Philipinas,” by Juan de la Concepcion Vol. III., Chap. IX., page 365, pub. Manila, 1788.
[13]“Hist. Gen. de Philipinas,” by Juan de la Concepcion Vol. III., Chap. IX., page 365, pub. Manila, 1788.
[14]So tenacious was the opposition brought by the Austin friars both in Manila and the provinces that the British appear to have regarded them as their special foes.
[14]So tenacious was the opposition brought by the Austin friars both in Manila and the provinces that the British appear to have regarded them as their special foes.