Chapter 20

AAbancay, district and town of, Peru, ii.143.Abancay, battle of the bridge of, ii.98.AbiponsIndians, ii.228.Abolishmentof the slave trade, ii.22.Acamapitzin, King of Mexico, i. 109.Acapulco, city of Mexico, unhealthiness of, i. 34.Great mart for New Spain and India, 41.Description of, population, &c., 133.Aconcagua, city and province of, Chili, ii.269.Agave, or aloe, supplies the liquor most drank in Mexico, and method of making it, i. 39.Aguas Calientes, city of New Spain, i. 101.Aguaracatay, lake of La Plata, ii.163.Aguatulco, town of New Spain, i. 153.Aguilar Jeromimo, found on the Isle of Cozumel, by Cortez, i. 196.Ahuitzotl, Mexican King, i. 113.Aillavalutoqui or war chief of Chili, ii.237.Alamos, mine of, New Spain, i. 92.Alangi, or St. Jago El Angel, town of Guatimala, i. 179.Alausi, city of New Granada, i. 320.Albuquerque, town of New Spain, i. 69.Alcolhuacan, kingdom, i. 103.Alfingerand Sailler, German merchants, cruelties practised by, in Caraccas, ii.59.Alligatorof New Spain, i. 40.Of New Granada, 257. 317.Almagro, revolt of, against Pizarro, ii.97.Conquest of Chili by,234.Almendral, town of Chili, ii.269.Alpacoor Peruvian sheep, ii.255.Alto de Tiopullo, chain of the, i. 300.Alvarado, expedition to Peru by, ii.96.Amalgamationworks of New Spain; mercury consumed by the, i. 44.Amatiques, gulf, New Spain, i. 166.Amazonia, discovery of, by Orellana, i. 292.AmbergrisKey or Ubero Island, i. 197.Ameliaisland, Florida, i. 19.America, Spanish, extent of, i. 208.America, Spanish, North, era of discovery of, i. 1.Extent of, 4.Political and territorial divisions, i. 6.America, Spanish, South, general idea of, i. 207.Boundaries, 208.Political divisions,ib.Era of discovery, 209.America, Portuguese, population of, ii.319.Amerigo Vespucci, publishes the first regular account of America, i. 3.Voyages of, 211.Amotape, village of Peru, ii.121.Amparaes, district of La Plata, ii.178.Ampolaba, or Boa Constrictor of Tucuman, ii.206.Ampues, first governor of Caraccas, ii.20.Anahuac, ancient name of Mexico, i. 104.Anahuac, Cordillera of, i. 35.Plain ofib.Anco, town of Peru, ii.139.Ancud, gulf of, ii.283.Andagualas, district and town of Peru, ii.140.Andalusia, New. SeeNew Andalusia.Andero, or St. Andres Isle, gulf of Mexico, i. 199.Andes, Cordillera of, in New Spain, i. 35. 68.Description of the, 219.Andes de Cuzco, ii.144.Andesof Chili, ii.248.Angaraes, district of Peru, ii.134.Angelos Puebla de los, city of New Spain, i. 140.Angostura, or Santo Tomé, capital of Guiana, ii.4.Animalfood, the secondary article of human nourishment in New Spain, i. 39.Animalsof New Spain, i. 40.Antioquia, or Santa Fé, province of New Granada, i. 271.City of ditto, 272.Antiquitiesof New Spain, i. 52.Antonio, St., Castle or Citadel of Cumana, ii.27.Apacheria, country of New Spain, i. 72.Apaches, Indians, i. 72. 75.Apalachia, town of, Florida, i. 12.River of, Florida, 15.Apallachicola, river, Florida, i. 14.Apo-Ulmens, chiefs of the Araucanians, ii.290.Apolabamba, district of La Plata, ii.191.Apura, or Apure, river of Caraccas, i. 262. ii.66.Apurimac, river, i. 325.Sources of, in Peru, ii.149.Araguato, singular monkey in Caraccas, ii.39.Aranta, town of, Peru, ii.147.Araucania, or Indian Chili boundaries, extent, ii.287.AraucanianIndians, ii.288.Arauco, river of Caraccas, ii.67.Araura, town of Caraccas, ii.57.Araya, salt works of, in Caraccas, ii.30.Archbishopricof Mexico, i. 48.Of Lima, ii.130.Archidona, town of Quito, i. 335.Archipelagoof Chiloe, ii.283.Arequipa, intendancy of, in Peru, ii.147.Arequipa, city of, Peru, scite, population, foundation, rivers, climate, vicinity, trade, port, ii.147.Bishopric, public edifices, earthquakes at,148.Ari, singular deity of the Muzos Indians, i. 270.Arica, district and city of, Peru, ii.150.Arispe, city of, New Spain, i. 89.Armadillo, ii.256.Army, of New Spain, i. 56. 61.Aroa, river of, Caraccas, ii.45.Arrivalof the Spaniards in Peru, i. 288.Asangaro y Asila, district of, La Plata, ii.188.Asterillo, port of Chili, ii.276.Astorpilcos, descendants of the Peruvian Incas, ii.125.Ascension, river, New Spain, i. 87.Asuncion, capital of Paraguay, ii.203.Atabalipa, or Atahualpa, History of, in Quito, i. 286.Fifteenth Inca of Peru, ii.86. 90.Death of,94.Atacama, district and town of, La Plata, ii.190.Atacames, government of. See Tacames.Atavillos, marquess of, title granted to Pizarro, ii.96.Atlixco, town of, New Spain, i. 143.Atrato, river of, Darien, i. 240.Atures, cataract, i. 221.Audienza, Real, of New Spain, i. 33. 59.Audienza, Real, of Santa Fé de Bogota, i 214.Of Quito,ib.Of Lima, ii.77.Of Buenos Ayres,171.Of Los Charcas,173.Augustin, San, capital of, East Florida, i. 11.Avila, town of Quito, i. 336.Axayacatl, King of Mexico, i. 112.Ayaupa, Isle of the Archipelago of Chonos, ii.287.Aymaraez, district of, Peru, ii.146.Aztecas, ancient Mexican people, i. 106.BBaba, district of Quito, i. 313.Babahoyo, district of Quito, i. 312.Town of ditto, 313.Bacuachifort, New Spain, i. 92.Baeza, town of Quito, i. 335.Bahia Negra, Spanish boundaries on the Paraguay, ii.165.Balize, British settlement in Honduras, i. 173.Balsas, or Rafts of Guayaquil, i. 315.Banana, uses of the, in New Spain, i. 37. 244.Baracoa, town of Cuba, i. 191.Baragan, mountain of New Granada, i. 221. 276.Baranca del Malambo, town of New Granada, i. 250.Barcelona, province of. SeeNew Barcelona.Barcelona, city of, in Caraccas, scite, foundation, buildings, ii.31.Population, trade,32.Barquisimeto, city of Caraccas, population, scite, foundation, climate, trade, ii.53.Public buildings, &c.,54.Bastidas, discoveries of, i. 213.Batabano, town of Cuba, i. 191.Batopilas, native silver sometimes found in the mines of, i. 43.----, mining town of New Spain, i. 94.Bavispefort, in New Spain, i. 92.Bayamo, or St. Salvador, town of Cuba, i. 191.Benalcazar, conquest of Quito by, i. 214. 288.Beniriver, i. 326. ii.144. 194.Biriquite, district of New Granada, i. 274.Biru, town of Peru, ii.125.Biscay, New. SeeNewBiscay.Bishopsof New Spain, i. 48.Blancaisle, Caribbean sea, ii.298.Blanco, river of New Spain, i. 149.Blanquillo, mountain of Chili, ii.249.Bluefieldsriver, Guatimala, i. 172.Boca de los Navios, great mouth of the Orinoco, ii.41.Boca del SierpeandDel Drago, names given by Columbus to the channels between Trinidad and Caraccas, ii.19.Bochica, great lawgiver of the Bogotians, i. 217. 228.Bogota.SeeSanta Fé.Bolañosmines, in New Spain, i. 43Bolivar, leader of the insurgents in Caraccas, ii.3.Bolson de Mapimi, desert in New Spain, i. 94.Bonacaoisland, in the gulf of Mexico, i. 197.Boracha, high rock of the Caribbean sea, ii.299.BoreorPororocaof the Maranon, i. 331.Of other rivers, 332.Borja, town of Quito, i. 324.Borriquen, ancient name of Puerto Rico, i. 182.Boundaryline between the United States and Florida, i. 16.Bravo, Rio del Norte, description of, i. 45. 70.Estuary of, 98.Bridges, pendulous, i. 224.Rope, on the Magdalena river, 256.Natural, 265.Peruvian, over the Rio Desaguadero, ii.186.Brigantin, chain of mountains in Caraccas, ii.30.Bucaniers, plunder of Maracaybo by, ii.62.Buenara, lake of New Spain, i. 87.Buenavista, mountain of Caraccas, ii.39.Buenos Ayres, viceroyalty of.Boundaries and extent, ii.155.Political and territorial divisions,156.History and discovery,ib.Late events in,159.Present condition of,161.Features, climate, &c.,ib.Lakes,162.Rivers,164.Commerce and resources,167.Capital,168.Provinces of,171-230.----, government of.Boundaries, history, &c., ii.220.Climate, features, &c.,222.Method of travelling over the plains,223.Rivers,224.Chief town and cities,225-228.Indian nations,228.----, city of.Population, scite, foundation, streets, squares, houses, cathedral and churches, ii.168.Navigation of the La Plata, buildings, gardens,169.Markets, trade, climate, pamperos, royal audience,170.Buga, department of New Granada, i. 278.Burburata, village of Caraccas, ii.50.Burying-placesof the ancient Peruvians, i. 304.Butterof the Guacharo, ii.38.CCabot, Sebastian, discovery of the Rio de la Plata by, ii.156.Cacaoor chocolate tree, i. 257.---- used as money by the Mexicans, i. 120.Cachemecan, kingdom, i. 105.Cachipampa, battle of, ii.99.Caciques, of New Spain, i. 32.Cadaguela, toqui of the Chilese, ii.241.Cadiz, town of Cuba, i. 192.Calabozo, city of Caraccas, ii.57.Calbuco, island of the Archipelago of Chiloe, ii.287.Calcaylares, district of, Peru, ii.145.Calenderof the Muyscas, i. 217.Callao, port of, Lima, ii.119.Cali, department of, New Granada, i. 278.----, town of, New Granada, i. 280.California, New and Old, extent, boundaries, and discovery, i. 76.Population, missions, 78.Natives, 79.Animals, commerce, 81.Description of the missions, 82.Capital, 83.Callo, palace of the Incas, i. 301.Caloto, department of, New Granada, i. 278Calquin, or large eagle of Chili, ii.259.Camana, district and town of Peru, ii.148.Campeche, city of New Spain, i. 156.Scite, fortifications, manufactures, logwood cutters, population, 157.Cana, town or fortress of Darien, i. 240.Canalde la Raspadura in Choco, unites the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, i. 273.---- of Mexico, i. 131.---- de Pedernales, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii.41.Canatagua, Sierra de, chain of mountains dividing North and South America, i. 177.Canasy Canches or Tinta, district of, Peru, ii.145.Canavami, mountain, i. 221.Canete, town and district of, Peru, ii.133.Cannibalism, nations probably accused falsely of, i. 232.Cansada, immense stone of the wall of Cuzco, ii.142.Canta, town and district of Peru, ii.132.Capac Yupanqui, fifth Inca of Peru, ii.85.CapaguasIndians, ii.153.Capanaparo, river of, Caraccas, ii.67.CapeCasinas, name given to Cape Honduras by Columbus, i. 210.---- Catoche, New Spain, i. 173.---- Cross, Florida, i. 19.---- Florida, i. 19.---- Gracias a Dios, Guatimala, i. 172.---- Honduras, i. 173.---- Roman, Florida, i. 19.---- Sable, Florida, i. 19.---- St. Blaz, Florida, i. 19.CaptainGeneral of Caraccas, ii.2.Capure, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii.41.Caqueta, River, New Granada, sources of, i. 281.Caraccas, Captain generalship of, boundaries and extent, ii.1.Political divisions and government, discovery and history,2.Capital,4.Features of the country, &c.,8.Rivers,9.Indians,12.Lakes,15.Provinces,18.Commerce,47.----, city of, situation and foundation, ii.4.Streets, buildings, population, theatre, surrounding country,5.Climate, earthquake,6.Port,7.----, Islands, Caribbean sea, ii.299.Carabaya, district and town of, La Plata, ii.189.Carahuasi, district of, Peru, ii.141.Caranjas, district of, La Plata, ii.180.CarapochasIndians, ii.153.Caratapona, isle in Lake Valencia, ii.17.Carguirazo, mountain of Quito, i. 302.Cariaco, Gulf of Caraccas, ii.28.----, town of Caraccas, ii.39.CaribIndians, i. 222. ii.14.Caramari, Indian name of Carthagena, i. 212.Caripe, river of Caraccas, ii.39.----, convent of Caraccas, ii.37.Carora, city of Caraccas, ii.52.Carthagena, province of New Granada, boundaries, extent, features, produce, forests, animals, i. 241.Birds, insects, reptiles, 243.Fruits, inhabitants, 244.Discovery, 245.Capital, 246.Towns, 250.----, city of, in New Granada, situation, suburbs, i. 246.Fortifications, bay, climate, 247.Public buildings, inhabitants, 248.Offices, trade, history, 249.Exports and imports, 250.Carthago, town of Popayan, i. 280.----, town of Guatimala, i. 176.Casanare, province of New Granada, i. 264.Casas Grandesde Rio Gila, i. 75.----Grandesin New Biscay, i. 106.CasibosIndians, ii.152.Cassavabread, i. 37.---- or manioc forms the bread of the Indians, i. 216.Cassiquiaririver, i. 332.Cassiquiari, river, ii.10.Cassiquinriver, ii.154.Castro, town of Chiloe, ii.286.----vireyna, district and town of Peru, ii.137.Catacatchevillage, of New Granada, i. 304.Cataractof Tequendama, i. 224.Cataracts of the Rio Pusambio in Popayan, 281.Cataract of Maypures and Atures, 221. ii.11.Catorce, mine of New Spain, i. 98.Cauca, river of New Granada, i. 246. 279.Caupolican, toqui of the Chilese, ii.238.Cauquenes, town of Chili, ii.275.Causewayof ancient Mexico, i. 120. 132.Of the Incas in Quito, 285. 308.Cavernof the Guacharo in Caraccas, ii.37.Of Rapel in Chili,274.Caxamarca, defeat and imprisonment of Huascar Inca at, i. 287.Battle of, ii.92.District and town of Peru,125.Caxatambo, town and district of, Peru, ii.129CayambeUrcu, mountain of Quito, i. 300.----, village of New Granada, i. 304.Cayancura, toqui of the Chilese, ii.241.Caylloma, town and district of Peru, ii.149.CaymanLake, New Spain, i. 46.Cedros, Isle, Pacific Ocean, i. 200.Celaya, city of, New Spain, i. 102.Cerro de la Giganta, chain of mountains in California, i. 80.Cerro del Brigantin, chain of mountains in Caraccas, ii.30.Cerro de la Sal, chain of mountains in Peru, ii.153.Cerro de Cuchivano, chain of mountains in Caraccas, ii.34.Chacao, town of the island of Chiloe, ii.286.Chacao, plain, near Caraccas, ii.5.Chachapoyas, district of, Peru, ii.125.Chachapoyas, or Juan de la Frontera, town of, Peru, ii.126.Chacos, territory of, La Plata, ii.195.----, river of, La Plata, ii.207.Chagre, river of, New Granada, i. 231.Chalco, lake, New Spain, i. 130.Chancay, district and town of, Peru, ii.132.Chapala, lake of, New Spain, i. 46. 100.Chapultepec, aqueduct of, Mexico, i. 66.Charcas, mines of, New Spain, i. 98.----, or Potosi, government of, boundaries, and districts of, ii.171.History, capital of,172.Provincial descriptions,173.----, district of, La Plata, ii.173.Chayantas, district of, La Plata, ii.179.Chaymas, Indians, ii.12.Cheuque, or ostrich of Chili, ii.259.Chia, consort of Bochica, singular tradition concerning, i. 228.Chiapa, province of Guatimala, boundaries, extent, features, and rivers, i. 163.Productions, animals, inhabitants, capital, 164.----,Real, city of Guatimala, situation, government, inhabitants, cathedral, i. 164.----de los Indios, city of Guatimala, scite, description, inhabitants, climate, churches, amusements of the natives, vicinity, trade, i. 165.----, river of, Guatimala, i. 164.Chibcha, or language of the Muyscas, i. 218.Chica, an intoxicating liquor made by the Indians of Peru and La Plata, ii.189.Chichas y Tarijas, district, La Plata, ii.177.Chicometepec, river, New Spain, i. 155.Chihuahua, city of, New Spain, i. 94.Chilca, famous for saltpetre, town of, Peru, ii.133.Chilese, ancient, ii.232.Chillan, mountain of, Chili, ii.249.Chillan, town, and district of, Chili, ii.276.Chili, Captain-generalship of, extent and boundaries, ii.230.Political and territorial divisions and government,231.Discovery, and history of,ib.Climate, features,243.Recent events in,244.Rivers, and lakes,250.Mines,251.Population,253.Animals,ib.Commerce,262.Capital,263.Continental provinces,264.Insular provinces,282.Araucania,287.Chili-dugu, or language of the Chilese, ii.253.Chilihueques, or Araucanian sheep, ii.254.Chiloe, islands of, ii.283.Chilotes, Indians, ii.284.Chilques y Masques, district of, Peru, ii.145.Chimalapa, river of, New Spain, i. 155.Chimbo, district and town of, New Granada, i. 310.Chimborazo, mountain, i. 219. 298.Chingasa, mountain of, New Granada, i. 265.Chiquillanes, Indians, ii.288.Chiquitos, Indians, ii.193.Chiquitos, district and town of, La Plata, ii.192.Chiriguanos, Indians, ii.193.Chiriqui, bay of, Guatimala, i. 199.Choco, province of, New Granada, i. 273.Chocolate, name originally Mexican, i. 39.----, manufacture of, i. 258.Chocope, town of, Peru, ii.125.Chollolan, republic, i. 104.Cholula, pyramids of, i. 141.----, city of, New Spain, ancient capital of the republic of Chollolan, population and history, i. 142.Cholutecas, or Xeses, district and town of, Guatimala, i. 163.Choropampa, or the plain of shells, Peru, ii.80.Chota, mines of, Peru, ii.79.125.Chuchanga, town of, New Granada, i. 322.Chucuito, district and town of, La Plata, ii.185.Chucuito, lake, La Plata, ii.163. 185.Chumbivilcas, district of, Peru, ii.146.Chunchos, country of, Peru, ii.145. 154.Chuquisaca, or La Plata, city of La Plata, scite, climate, ii.172.Foundation, buildings, Indians, royal audience, magistracy, and population,173.Cinaloa, district, New Spain, i. 90.----, city of, New Spain, i. 92.Cinchona, or Peruvian bark, i. 320.Citlaltepetl, or Pico de Orizaba, i. 150.Claimof the Spanish government to the west coast of America, i. 5.---- of the United States government to part of New Spain, i. 56.Clayborne, fort of, the United States, i. 96.Clergyof New Spain, i. 48. 61.Climateof Florida, i. 9.---- of New Spain, i. 34.---- of Cuba, i. 186.---- of New Granada, i. 218.---- of Caraccas, ii.6.---- of Peru, ii.81.---- of La Plata, ii.161.---- of Chili, ii.245.Coaguila, city and province of, New Spain, i. 96.Coalof New Spain, i. 45.Coban, city of, Guatimala, i. 166.Coca, or betel of America, i. 275.Cochabamba, province of, La Plata, ii.181.Coche, Island, Caribbean Sea, ii.299.Cochineal, of New Spain, i. 39.Cocinas, Indians, i. 261.Cocollar, chain of the, in Caraccas, ii.35.Cocomaricopas, Indians, i. 87.Cofrede Perote, mountain, i. 35. 150.Coinageof the mint of Mexico, i. 53.---- of Santa Fé de Bogota, i. 228.---- of Popayan,ib.---- of Lima, ii.81.---- of Potosi, ii.175.Colchagua, province and city of, Chili, ii.273.Colhuacan, kingdom, i. 107.Colima, volcano of, New Spain, i. 100.Collegeof mines at, Mexico, i. 45.Colon, Don Pedro Nuno, Duke of Veragua, viceroy of New Spain, a descendant of Columbus, i. 31.Colonia del Sacramento, territory of La Plata, ii.228.Colorado, river of, New Spain, i. 45. 87.Colorado de Texas, river of, New Spain, i. 98.Colorado, river of, Caraccas, ii.36.Columbus, first voyage of, and discovery of America by, i. 2.Second voyage, i. 3.Third voyage,ib.Sent to Spain in irons,ib.Fourth voyage, 4. 210.Wrecked on Jamaica, 211.Death of, at Valladolid,ib.Discovery of Caraccas by, ii.18.Comandantes Generales, of New Spain, i. 33.Comayaguas, or Valladolid, city in Guatimala, i. 175.Commerceof New Spain, i. 53.---- of Cuba, i. 190.---- of New Granada, i. 215.---- of La Guayra, the port of Caraccas, ii.8.---- of Caraccas, ii.47.---- of Peru, ii.77.---- of La Plata, ii.167.---- of Paraguay, ii.202.---- of Chili, ii.262.---- of the island of Chiloe, ii.285.Concepcion del Pao, city of, Caraccas, ii.40.----, city of, La Plata, ii.204.---- or Penco, city of, Chili, ii.277.Conchocando, title of the kings of Quito, i. 284.Conchapatu, silver mine of, Peru, ii.132.Conchucos, city and district of, Peru, ii.129.Condor, ii.260.Condesuyos de Arequipa, district of Peru, ii.148.Condonoma, mine of, Peru, ii.145.ConibosIndians, ii.152.Conquestof Mexico, i. 22.Continentalprovinces of Chili, ii.264.Continentof America, first discovered by Cabot, ii.196.Conuco, or public garden of a mission village, ii.34.Copacavanatown, on an island in lake Chucuito, ii.186.Copala, mine of New Spain, i. 100.Copiapo, province and town of Chili, ii.265.Copper, ancient Mexicans made their tools of, i. 44.Coquimbo, province and town of Chili, ii.265.Coquimbanes, Islands of Chili, ii.282.Corcobado, mountain of Chili, ii.249. 285. 302.Cordilleras, of New Spain, i. 35.Cordilleras de los Andes, description of, i. 219.Cordillera, of New Granada and Caraccas, i. 220.Cordilleraof the cataracts of the Orinoco, i. 221.Of Chiquitos, 222.Of Santa Marta, 253.Of Merida, 261.Of Santa Fé, 265.Of Santa Fé de Antioquia, 272.Of Popayan, 276.Of Quito, 298.Of Caraccas, ii.8.Of Chiquitos162. 193.Of the Chiriguanos192.Of Chili248. 301.Cordova, city of New Spain, i. 147.Cordova, city of La Plata, scite, edifices, trade, district surrounding, ii.212.Corientes, river of La Plata, ii.166. City of La Plata,227.Cortez, Fernando, history of, i. 21.Conquest of Mexico by, 22.Sets sail from Cuba, and arrives at Tabasco, meets the embassadors of Montezuma, who are astonished at the Europeans, arms, horses, &c., 23.Present from Montezuma, mutiny of the army, burns his fleet, 24.Marches for Mexico, conquers the Tlascalans, 25.Arrives at Mexico, seizes the Emperor, marches to fight Narvaez, 26.Returns to and evacuates Mexico, Montezuma slain, 28.Recruits his army, and again lays siege to the city, which capitulates on Guatimozin being taken and put to death, 29.Discovery of California by, 77.Cosumel Isle, discovery of, by Grijalva, history of, &c. i. 194.Costa Rica, province of Guatimala, i. 176.Cotabamba, district of, Peru, ii.145.Cotopaxivolcano, i. 299.Coulemu, town of Chili, ii.276.Councilof the mines in New Spain, i. 45.Of the Indies, ii.107.Craterof Pichinca, i. 299.Creoles, of New Spain, i. 47.Creviceof Icononzo, i. 266.Of Chota, 303.Crevicesof the Andes, i. 224.Cruces, town of Panama, i. 231.Cuba, island of, situation, i. 183.Supposed to have been part of the continent, gulf-stream, extent, position, discovery, 184.History, climate, 185.Productions, forests, 186.Mines, cultivated part, population, mountains, 187.Government, revenue, army, capital, 188.Towns, 190.City of, 191.Pinos isle, 192.Cubagua, island, Caribbean sea, ii.299.Cuchillo de Guanaguana, mountain of Caraccas, ii.36.Cucurucho de Tumiriquiri, mountain of Caraccas, ii.35.Cundinamarca, kingdom of, i. 217.Cuença, district and city of New Granada, i. 318.Cuernavaca, city of New Spain, i. 133.Cues, St. Antonio de los, ancient Aztec fort, i. 153.Cujo or Cuyo, government of La Plata, ii.215.Boundaries, climate, features, history, rivers, lakes, productions,216.Commerce, capital,218.Cuitlahualtzin, orQuetlavaca, King of Mexico, i. 117.Culpeu, or Chili fox, singular habits of, ii.257.Cumana, province of. SeeNew Andalusia.Cumana, city of Caraccas, scite, ii.25.Port, citadel, rivers, suburbs, buildings, climate, population,26.Indians,27.Customs of the inhabitants, harbour, earthquakes,28.Environs,30.Cumanacoa, town of Caraccas, ii.32.CumanagotoIndians, ii.14.CumanchesIndians, i. 71.CunchesIndians, ii.288.CuraçoaIsland, trade of with Caraccas, ii.50.Curico, mine of Chili, ii.251.---- town of Chili, ii.275.Curimayo, ancient gold mines of Peru, ii.80.Curuguaty, town of La Plata, ii.204.Cuzcatlan, orSan Salvador, city of Guatimala, i. 162.Cuzco, intendency of Peru, ii.140.----, city of, scite, foundation, ii.141.Ancient splendour, history, antiquities, buildings, cathedral,142.Temple of the sun, public edifices, bishopric, population, trade,143.DDarien, isthmus of, i. 232.----, province of New Granada, extent, climate, inhabitants, i. 239.Rivers, produce, population, capital, 240.Scotch colonization of, 241.----, gulf of, i. 240.Daule, district of New Granada, i. 313.Danta, large animal of Quito, i. 323.Degu, or Chilese dormouse, ii.256.Desaguadero, singular river of La Plata, ii.180.Descabezado, mountain of Chili, ii.249.Doctrinas, or villages of Spanish America, ii.34.Dominic de Gourges, attack of Florida by, i. 7.Don Josef Sarmiento Valladares Conde de Montezuma, a descendant of Montezuma, viceroy of Mexico, i. 31.Doraces, Indians, i. 178.Duidamountain of Guiana, i. 222.Durango, intendancy of. SeeNew Biscay.Durango, city of New Spain, i. 93.EEarthquakesat Guatimala, i. 160.At Quito, 294.At Riobamba, 307.At Caraccas, ii.6.At Cumana,28.At Valencia in Caraccas,56.At Lima,118.At Arequipa,148.In Chili,250.El Altar, mountain, i. 301.El Corazon, mountain, i. 300.El Dorado, or Golden mountain, i. 222.El Dorado, celebrated fictitious city, ii.17,18. 71.Elevationon the Cordillera of New Spain, at which sugar, cotton, cacao, and indigo, and European grains flourish, i. 36.Also pines and the banana, 37.Ekanfanoga, a swamp in Florida, i. 16.Encomiendas, history of, ii.106.Equatorcrosses the great mountain Cayambe Urcu, i. 300.Eruptionsof Cotopaxi volcano, i. 310.Escambia Coenecah, river of Florida, i. 14.Escuintla, district of Guatimala, i. 163.Espiritu Santo, or Nassau Bay in Florida, i. 19.Europeans, number of in New Spain, i. 47.In Spanish America, ii.319.Europeanfruits and vegetables successfully cultivated in New Spain, i. 38.Excessivecold experienced by the French mathematicians in measuring the degree on the Andes, i. 302.FFarallones, rocks, Pacific Ocean, i. 200.Falkland, or Malouin Isles, ii.300.FalseMaranon, i. 326.Featuresof the country of New Spain, i. 35.Of New Granada, 219.Of Caraccas, ii 8.Of Peru, 81.Of La Plata, 161.Of Chili, 245.Fernandina, town of Florida, i. 19.Fernando, St., mission of Caraccas, ii.34.FirstEuropean colony planted in the West Indies, i. 3.On the continent of America, 179.Flames, innoxious, of the Plains of Caraccas, ii.29.Floatinggardens of Mexico, i. 130.Floridas, boundaries, i. 6.Discovery of, history, 7.Cession of to Spain, 8.Productions, 10.Animals, 11.Capital of East Florida,ib.Capital of West Florida, 14.Rivers and lakes,ib.Islands, 18.Government, 19.Recent events, 20.Florida, town of Chili, ii.275.Forcewhich originally undertook the conquest of Mexico, i. 22.Fort Bourbon, Spanish fort on the Paraguay, ii.165.Fort Nueva Coimbra, Portuguese settlement on the Paraguay, ii.165.Fort Maullin, Chili, ii.286.Fortressof the Incas at Cuzco, ii.142.Fresnillo, town of New Spain, i. 99.Frontierforts of Chili, ii.280.Funza, or Bogota river, i. 266.GGallo, Isle, Pacific Ocean, ii.297.Gangesin India subject to the Bore, i. 332.Gardens, floating, of Mexico, i, 130.Garito de Paramo, highest point of the pass of Quindiu, i. 277.GeneralHistory of the Indies by Las Casas, ii.25.Genoesemerchants, the first traffickers in negro slaves, ii.23.Gibraltar, city of Caraccas, ii.63.Gilariver, ancient Mexican city on its banks, i. 75.Girval, voyage of, up the Maranon, ii.151.GoahirosIndians, i. 259.Godin's, Madam, journey down the Maranon, i. 331.Gold, generally procured by washings in New Spain, i. 43.Quantity of procured annually in New Spain,ib.Of Antioquia, 271.Of Peru, ii.80.Goldwashings of Choco, i. 274.Golden Castile, ancient denomination of Darien, &c. i. 212.Gonzalo Pizarro, exploratory journey of, i. 290.Gorgona, isle in the Pacific, ii.297.Gracias a Dios, town of Guatimala, i. 175.---- —— ——Cape, named by Columbus, i. 210.Granada, New. SeeNewGranada.----, Town of Guatimala, i. 168.Grand Manamo, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii.41.Grand Para, a name of the Maranon, i. 326.Grantmade to Cortez of part of Oaxaca, i. 154.Guacas, or tumuli of the ancient Peruvians, ii.105.Guacharocavern and birds, ii.37.Guadalaxara, audience of, i. 99.Intendancy of,ib.Boundaries, extent,ib.Population, productions, rivers, volcanoes, lakes, capital, and towns, 101.----, city of New Spain, scite, fertility of the country, extent, inhabitants, climate, buildings, &c., i. 100.Guadelupe, Isle, Pacific, i. 200.Guadiano, or Durango river. SeeDurango.GuahibosIndians, ii.68.Guallaga, river of Peru, ii.127.Gualgayoc, mines of Peru, ii.79.Guamanga, city of Peru, scite, climate, buildings, mines, foundation, population, ii.138.----, intendancy of Peru, ii.138.Guamoco, town of New Granada, i. 251.Guana, or Edible Lizard, i. 234.Guanabana, i. 245.Guanacasmountain, i. 221.Pass of the, 276.Guanara, town of Caraccas, ii.52.Guanahani, or Cat Island, first land discovered by Columbus, i. 2.Guanaxuato, intendancy of, i. 102.City of New Spain,ib.Mines produce twice us much as Potosi, 43.Guancavelica, intendancy of Peru, ii.134.Mines of Peru,135.City of Peru, scite, buildings, height, population,136.Guanchaco, port of Truxillo, in Peru, ii.124.Guanta, town of Peru, ii.139.Guanuco, city and district of Peru, ii.129.Guanucos, or Peruvian sheep, ii.264.Guara, town of Peru, ii.131.Guarania, territory of La Plata, ii.228.Guarapiche, river of Caraccas, ii.36. 42.Guaricoriver, ii.46.Guarisameymines of New Spain, i. 95.Guarochiri, district and town of Peru, ii.132.GuarounoesIndians, ii.12.GuarpesIndians, ii.215.Guasco, port of Chili, ii.265.Guascualcoisles, gulf of Mexico, i. 194.Guastays, ancient princes of Quito, i. 284.Guatavitalake, of New Granada, i. 266.Guatimala, captain-generalship of, captain-general, i. 158.Sub-divisions of, productions, climate, features, royal audience, 159.Capital, 160.----, proper, provinces of, i. 161.----, city of, scite, archbishopric, university, trade, foundation, earthquake, inhabitants, i. 160.Guatimozin, Emperor of Mexico, defends the capital against Cortez, is taken prisoner, and tortured, i. 29. 118.Guaxaca.SeeOaxaca.Guayaquil, jurisdiction of New Granada, i. 310.---- city, scite, foundation, buildings, streets, i. 314.Fortifications, population, 315.Trade, 318.---- river, i. 313.GuayecasIndians, ii.71.Guayna Patina, volcano of Peru, ii.148.GuayqueriaIndians, ii.12. 26.Guayra, river of Caraccas, ii.46.----, port of Caraccas, ii.7.Guemul, singular Chilian animal, ii.256.Guerra, voyage of, to explore the coast of Caraccas, ii.19.Guiana, or Spanish Guiana, extent and boundaries, ii.69.Population, divisions,70.History, El Dorado, Guayecas, and sources of the Orinoco,71.Rivers, capital,72.Guiges, river of Caraccas, ii.45.Guipuscoacompany, ii.48.Gulfstream, i. 184.HHambato, town of New Granada, i. 307.Hatun Potocsi, mountain in which the mines of Potosi are worked, ii.175.Havannah, captain-generalship of, i. 187.---- city, scite, harbour, i. 188.Fortifications, dockyard, commerce, manners and customs of the inhabitants, 189.Attacks on, by different powers, and population, 190.---- harbour, i. 188.Hayti, orHispaniola, discovery of, i. 3.Hiaqui, district of New Spain, i. 89.River of New Spain,ib.Hispaniola, orSt. Domingo, first settlement of Europeans in America, i. 3.Historyof Florida, i. 7.Of New Spain, 21.Of Mexico, 103.Of Caraccas, ii.2.Of Peru and of Spanish America,83-114.Of the present disturbances in Spanish America,108.Of Buenos Ayres,156.Of Paraguay,195.Of the Jesuit settlements in Paraguay,220.Of Chili,231.Honda, town of New Granada, i. 269.Honduras, province of, boundaries, extent, history, climate, i. 169.Productions, mahogany felling, and mahogany tree, 170.Logwood, mosquito, shore, Indians, 171.Chief town, &c., 175.----, bay of, i. 173.----, English factories of, Balize, i. 173.Honeyand wax, immense quantities produced in New Spain, i. 40.Horses, wild, in New Spain, i. 40.Hostimuri, town of, New Spain, i. 92.Huailas, town and district of Peru, ii.129.Huamalies, town and district of Peru, ii.128.Huana Capac, 13th Inca of Peru, ii.86.---- Inca, conquest of Quito by, i. 284.Huantajaya, mines of Peru, ii.80.Huascar, or Inti Cusi Hualpa, 14th Inca of Peru, ii.86.----, History of, i. 286.Huasacualco, river of New Spain, i. 149.Huexotzincorepublic, i. 104.----, town of New Spain, i. 143.Huilies, Peruvian gold works, ii.80.Huilquilemu, province of Chili, ii.279.Humboldt's journey to explore the Orinoco, ii.71.Huncahua, king of the Muyscas, i. 218.I and JJaen de Bracamoros, government of New Granada, i. 321.----, city of New Granada, i. 321.Jalaptakes its name from Xalapa, i 39.Jauru, river, and pyramid of La Plata, ii.164.Jaguar, or American tiger, i. 242. ii.35. 217.Ibague, town of New Granada, i 280.Iberi, lake of La Plata, ii.163.Ica, or Putumayo river, i. 327. 332.----, town and district of Peru, ii.133.Icononzo, natural bridges of, i. 265.Jesuits, discoveries of the, in California, i. 78.----, history of their settlements in Paraguay, ii.220.Illimani, mountain of La Plata, ii.183.Illinissamountain, i. 300.Imposiblemountain, road over, ii.30.Incasof Peru, ii.84.IncaRoca, 6th Peruvian monarch, ii 85.---- Ripac, 8th ditto, ii.85.---- Urca, 9th ditto, ii.85.---- Yupanqui, partially subdues the Chilese, ii.232.Indians, independent, in New Spain, i. 49.---- tribute levied in Mexico, i. 52.Method of catching wild geese, 243.Method of snaring the alligator, 318.---- Chili, or Araucania, ii.287.Indians, numbers of, in New Spain, i. 49.Description of, 50.---- of Peru, ii.105.Of Caraccas, ii.12.Inscriptionon the tomb of Columbus, i. 211.----, commemorative of the Geodesic operations in Quito, i. 297.InsularChili, ii.282.Intendancies, number of, in New Spain, i. 32.Joanesisland, at the mouth of the Maranon, i. 329.Jorullo, volcano of, New Spain, i. 135.Ipavalake, source of the Orinoco, ii.10.Ipire, river of Caraccas, ii.41.Isabella, first town founded in the New World, i. 3.Isabellaisle, Pacific, i. 201.Islands, on the coasts of Florida, i. 18.On the coasts of New Spain and Guatimala, 192.In the Gulf of California, 200.Revillagegido, 202.On the coasts of South America, ii.294.Isthmusof Darien, or Panama, i. 232.Itaquiri, river of La Plata, ii.165.Itata, province of Chili, ii 276.Itzcoatl, king of Mexico, i. 110.Itzlistone, i. 125.Juan Fernandezisle, ii.294.----de Grijalva, discovery of Mexico by, i. 117.----de Ulua isle, gulf of Mexico, i. 193.----Rodriguez Cabrilloisle, Pacific, i. 200.Juanicoisle, Pacific Ocean, i. 201.Juruayriver, ii.194.Jutayriver, ii.195.Iztaccihuatl, mountain of New Spain, i. 141.LLa Guayra, port of, Caraccas, scite, distance from Caraccas, fortifications, ii.7.Harbour, population, commerce, 8.La Paz, province of La Plata, ii.182.----, or Chuquiavo, city of La Plata, foundation, scite, ii.182.Climate, buildings, trade, population, 183.La Plata, viceroyalty of. SeeBuenos Ayres.----, town of New Granada, i. 281.---- isle, in the Pacific, ii.297.La Purissima Concepcion de Catorcemine, profits of, i. 44.----Serena, or Coquimbo, city of Chili, ii.266.----de Tierraisle, in the Pacific, ii.295.Lake Ipava, source of the Orinoco, ii.10.----Putucuao, ii.40.----Chucuito, orTiticaca, ii.168. 185.----Maracaybo, ii.15.----Parimaii.17.----Parina Cocha, ii.140.----Valencia, ii.16.----Xarayes, ii.162.----Guatavita, i. 266.----George, i. 17.----Tezcuco, i. 129.----Chalco, i. 130.----St. Cristoval, i. 130.----Zumpango, i. 130.----Cayman, i. 46. 94.----Parras, i. 94.----Chapala, i. 46. 100.Lakesof New Spain, i. 46.---- of Caraccas, ii.15.Lambayeque, town of Peru, ii.123.Lampa, district of Peru, ii.146.----, city of La Plata or Peru, ii.190.Landof the missions, or Colonna, ii.154.Land-crabs,natural history of, i. 181.Languageof the Indians of Caraccas, ii.13. Of Peru,154.Of Chili,253.Lanthornsof Maracaybo lake, ii.16.Laqui, singular method of catching animals with, ii.254.Laricaxas, district and town of La Plata, ii.184.Las Casas, Bishop of Chiapa, styled Protector of the Indians, history of, ii.21.Las Corientes, city of La Plata, ii.227.Latacunga, district and city of New Granada, i. 305.Lauricocha, or False Maranon, i. 326. ii.128.---- mines of Peru, ii.79.Lautaro, toqui of the Chilese, ii.239.Lemui, isle of the Archipelago of Chiloe, ii.287.Leon, city of Guatimala, i. 167.----, New, province of New Spain, i. 97.Lerma, river of New Spain, i. 134.Lianas, beautiful parasitical plants, ii.33.Lican, ancient name of Quito, i. 284.Lima, intendancy of Peru, districts of, boundaries, history, chief town, and towns, ii.130,131.----, scite, foundation, ii.114.Public edifices, universities, viceroys,115.Courts of justice, palace, mint, suburbs, pomp of the church ceremonies, manners and customs of the inhabitants, population, climate,116.Earthquake, commerce, port, river,118.Linares, town of New Spain, i. 98.Lincopichion, toqui of the Chilese, ii.242.Lincoyan, ditto ditto, ii.237.Lipes, district and town of La Plata, ii.178.Llachi, isle of the Archipelago of Chiloe, ii.287.Llamas, or Peruvian sheep, ii.255.Llano del Corazon, plain of Popayan, i. 281.Lloque Yupanqui, 3d Inca of Peru, ii.85.Lluliaand Chiloas, district of Peru, i. 126.Lobosisles, Pacific, ii.297.----, isle of the Rio de la Plata, ii.300.Logwoodtrees, i. 171.Longavi, mountain of Chili, ii.249.Londres, town of La Plata, ii.213.Lora, town of Chili, ii.275.Loretto, mission of, California, i. 78.Los Charcas.SeeCharcas.Los Llanos, or the Plains of Caraccas, ii.9.Los Llanitos, mountains of New Spain, i. 102.Los Paredones, ruins of an ancient Peruvian palace, i. 309.Los Santos, town of New Granada, i. 239.Lucanas, district of Peru, ii.140.MMacanao, Cape, Margarita isle, ii.298.Macareo, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii.41.Macas, town and province of New Granada, i. 335.Maccabawsnuff, origin of the name, ii.64.Maderariver, i. 328. ii.194.Magalhaens, discovery of the passage into the South Pacific by, ii.292.Magdalena, Rio Grande de, i. 246. 254.Magnificentgift sent to Cortez by Montezuma, i. 23.Maguey, or Agave, i. 39. 84.Mahoganytrees, i. 171.Maita Capac, 4th Inca of Peru, ii.85.Maize, plantations of, support the Indians in New Spain, i. 37.Sugar made from its stalks by the Mexicans, 38.Maldonado, city of La Plata, ii.227.Malpays, i. 136.Mama Oello, ii.84.Mameis, i. 245.Mamoreriver, ii.194.Manati, or sea cow, i. 333.Mançanillo, or poison apple, i. 242.Manco Capac, 1st Sovereign of Peru, ii.84.---- ——, 16th Inca of Peru, ii.86. 97.Mandiha, lake of La Plata, ii.163.Manflos, mountain of Chili, ii.249.Manioc, cultivation of, in New Spain, i. 37.Manoa, or El Dorado, pretended city of Guiana, ii.71.Manta, flat fish, destructive to pearl divers, i. 235.----blancas, offensive little insects, i. 244.Manzanares, river of Caraccas, ii.42.Mapimis, Fort de, in New Spain, i. 94.Maracay, town of Caraccas, ii.54.Maracaybo, province of Caraccas, boundaries, soil, population, Indian towns on the lake, ii.58.History, rivers,59.Climate, capital,60.Towns,63.----, city of Caraccas, scite, climate, buildings, ii.60.Foundation, population, slaves, ship-building, manners and customs of the inhabitants,61.History of the plunder of by the bucaniers,62.---- lake, ii.15.Maranonriver, description of, i. 325.Margaritaisland, Caribbean sea, situation, discovery, ii.73.Ports, population, commerce, climate, soil, capital, recent events,74.---- island, Pacific Ocean, i. 200.Maria de Escobar, sows the first wheat in Peru, ii.131.Marias, Las Tres, isles, Pacific Ocean, i. 201.Mariguitar, village of Caraccas, ii.40.Mariquita, town of New Granada, i. 269.Maruisas, a mouth of the Orinoco, ii.41.Marquess del Valle de Oaxaca, title granted to Cortez, i. 30.Mas-afueraisle, Pacific Ocean, ii.295.MataguayosIndians, ii.211.Matte, or Paraguay tea, ii.200.Maule, district of Chili, ii.274.Mausoleaof Chachapoyas in Peru, ii.104.Maynas, province of New Granada, i. 324.Mayo, district and river of New Spain, i. 89.Maypurecataract, i. 221.MayrosIndians, ii.154.Measurementof a degree of the meridian in Quito, i. 297.Mechoacan.SeeValladolid.Medellin, birth-place of Cortez, i. 21.Melipilla, city and province of Chili, ii.270.Menchuanisle, Pacific, ii.287.Mendoza, city of La Plata, ii.218.Mentuosa, isle, Pacific, i. 203.Mercaderes, town of Popayan, limit of Peruvian conquests, i. 281.Mercuryof Antioquia, i. 272.----, quantity used in the Mexican mines, i. 44.Merida, province of New Spain. SeeYucatan.----, city of New Spain, i. 158.----, province of New Granada, i. 261.----, city of New Granada, i. 262.Mestizoesof New Spain, i. 47.Metariver, ii.67.Methodof travelling over the passes of Popayan, i. 277.The plains of La Plata, ii.209. 222.---- of carrying the post letters in Quito, i. 323.Mexicanariver, i. 5.Mexico, viceroyalty of. SeeNew Spain.----, intendancy of, boundaries, ancient and modern history of, i. 103.Climate, produce, animals, 122.Minerals, 125.Ancient inhabitants, 126.Features, 129.Antiquities, 132.Towns, 133.----, New, province of, extent, boundaries, features, i. 68.Climate, capital, towns, 69.Mines, population, rivers, 70.Indians, 71.Antiquities, 75.----, city of, attack and capture of by Cortez, i. 29.Description of, scite, architecture of the public edifices, &c., i. 57.Population, 58.Market-place, aqueducts, police, municipal body, courts of justice, 59.Viceroy's court and splendour, 60.Troops, archbishopric, clergy, ecclesiastical courts, university, 61.Colleges, patron saint, character of the people, 62.Manners and customs, 63. Scenery in the vicinity, 64.Public walks, climate, 65.Antiquities, lakes, 66.Lazaroni, 67.Mexicans, ancient, i. 119. Modern, 125.Mexitli, the Mexican god of war, i. 57.Michuacankingdom, i. 104.Micuipampa, mines of, Peru, ii.79.Town of, Peru,125.Mimbrenos ApachesIndians, i. 73.Minas, basin of, in Nova Scotia, subject to the bore, i 332.Mineralpitch of Maracaybo, ii.16.Minesof New Spain, many abandoned for want of proper machinery, number of, i. 42.The most valuable of, 43.---- of New Granada, i. 214.---- of Peru, produce of, ii.78.Description of, ii.79.---- of talc in La Plata, ii.184.---- of La Plata, produce of, ii.167.---- of Potosi, ii.174.---- del Azogue, in La Plata, ii.187.---- of Salcedo, in La Plata, ii.188.---- of Chili, ii.251.Mintof Mexico, quantity of coinage issued from since the conquest, i. 53.---- of Santa Fé de Bogota, coinage of, i. 228.---- of Popayan, coinage of, i. 228.Miraculousfountain in Florida, i. 9.Missionvillages of Paraguay, ii.203.Missionarytown, description of one, ii.34.---- war with the Indians, i. 48.Missionsof California, i. 78-82.Misteriosaisland, i. 198.Mita, a law obliging the Indians to work in the mines, ii.107.Mitla, temple of the ancient Mexicans, i. 154.Mixteca, country of New Spain, i. 154.Mizque Pocona, town and district of La Plata, ii.192.Mochaisle, Pacific Ocean, ii.282.Mompox, town of New Granada, i. 250.Monclova, town of New Spain, i. 97.Mondego, river of La Plata, ii.165.Monkeysof Panama, eaten by the natives, i. 232.Montana Reale, country of Peru, ii.153.Monte Capiro, mountain of Porto Bello, i. 236.Monteleone, Duke of, a descendant of Cortez, i. 48.Monterey, town of California, i. 82.Bay of ditto, 85.----, town of New Spain, i. 97.MontesesIndians, ii.203.Montes Claros, town of New Spain, i. 92.Monte Video, city of La Plata, scite, name, ii.225.Harbour, buildings, climate, vicinity, population, commerce,226.Taking of, by the British,227.Montezuma Ilhuicamina, Emperor of Mexico, i. 111.Montezuma Xocotzin, Emperor of Mexico, magnificent reception of Cortez by, i. 25.Made prisoner, 27.Slain, 28.History of, 114.Moquehua, district and town of Peru, ii.149.MoquiIndians, i. 71.Moquihuix, King of Tlatelolco, i. 111.Morganthe freebooter, sack of Panama by, i. 233.Taking of Porto Bello by, 238.Plunder of Maracaybo by, ii.62.MoroCastle, i. 189.Morrope, town of Peru, ii.123.Mosquitoshore, i. 171.---- Indians, i. 172.Mountainsnear the river Magdalena, curious structure of, i. 225.Mouthsof the Orinoco, ii.11. 41.Moyobamba, town of Peru, ii.126.Moxos, territory of La Plata, ii.194.MugillonIsle, in the Pacific, ii.282.Mulattoesof New Spain, i. 47.Muskysmell and white colour of the rivers frequented by alligators, i. 318.MuyscasorMoscasIndians, ancient tribe of New Granada, i. 217. 227.Muzo, town of New Granada, i. 270.Muzos, singular Indian nation, i. 270.NNacogdoch, Fort of Texas, in New Spain, i. 98.Narvaez, defeat of, by Cortez, i. 28.Naporiver, i. 332.Naptha, spring of, in Caraccas, ii.31.Nasca, town of Peru, ii.134.Nata, city of New Granada, i. 238.Nauhcampatepetl, mountain of New Spain, i. 150.Neembucu, lake of La Plata, ii.163.----, town of La Plata, ii.204.Negroesin New Spain, i. 48.---- in New Granada, i. 272.Nevadade Toluca mountains, i. 129.---- de Santa Marta, i. 220.---- de Merida mountains, i. 220.Neveri, orEnipiricuar, river of Caraccas, ii.42.New Albion, explored and named by Sir Francis Drake, i. 77.New Andalusia, province of, boundaries, history, ii.18.Features, climate, capital,25.New Barcelona, province of, ii.18.New Biscay, or Durango, intendancy of, boundaries, extent, i. 92.Population, capital, 93.Inhabitants, towns, &c., 94.New Caledonia, i. 241.New California.SeeCalifornia.New Granada, viceroyalty of, boundaries and extent, i. 209.Territorial and political and divisions, discovery and history, 210.Audiences, viceroy, population, 214.Archbishopric, commerce, revenues, 215.Mines, produce, Indians, 216.Ancient inhabitants, 217.Climate, 218.Features of, 219.Capital, 225.Provinces of, 229.New Leon, province of New Spain, boundaries, extent, and capital, i. 97.New Mexico, province of. SeeMexico.New Santander, province of New Spain, boundaries, extent and description of, i. 97.Mines, capital, towns and rivers, i. 98.New Santander, city of New Spain, i. 98.New Spain, viceroyalty of, government history, and discovery, i. 20.Political and territorial divisions, 32.Boundaries, 33.Extent and climate, 34.Features, productions and mines, 35.Rivers, 45.Lakes, 46.Temperature, 47.Population, 21. 47.Antiquities and manufactures, 52.Commerce, 53.Revenues, 55.Army, 56.Recent events, 56.Metropolis, 57.Provinces of, 68.Neyva, town of New Granada, i. 281.Nicaragua, province of Guatimala, boundaries, climate, features, i. 166.Productions, trade, mines, population, animals, capital, i. 167.----, town of Guatimala, i. 168.Nicoya, town of Guatimala, i. 176.Nicuessa, voyage of, i. 212.Nirgua, town of Caraccas, ii.58.Noanamas, village of New Granada, i. 274.Noblesof New Spain, i. 32.Norte, Rio Grande del, i. 45. 98.Nuestra Senora de la Vittoria.SeeTabasco.OOaxacaor Guaxaca, intendancy of, boundaries, i. 151.Mines, inhabitants, manufactures, capital and towns, 152.Mountains, antiquities, rivers, grant to Cortez, 154.Oaxaca, city of New Spain, scite, vicinity, climate, i. 152.Public buildings and population, 152.Obelisksin Cuyo, ii.218.Ocana, town of New Granada, i. 259.Ocona, town of Peru, ii.148.Ocumara, town of Caraccas, ii.56.Olives, cultivation of, forbidden in New Spain, i. 38.Ojeda, voyages and discoveries of, i. 211.OmaguasIndians, i. 324.Omasuyos, district of La Plata, ii.183.Omoa, town of Guatimala, i. 175.Orchillaisland, Caribbean Sea, ii.298.Orellana, discovery of the Maranon by, i. 291.Originof the slave trade, ii.22.Orinocoriver, ii.10. 41.Oro, platina mine in New Granada, i. 274.Oropesa, city of La Plata, ii.181.Orizaba, volcano of New Spain, i. 150.----, town of New Spain, i. 147.Oruro, district of La Plata, ii.178.----, city of La Plata, ii.179.Ostimuri, district of New Spain, i. 89.Ostrichof America, ii.259.Otabalo, jurisdiction of New Granada, i. 303.----, city of New Granada, i. 304.OtomacsIndians, ii.15.Ovandorefuses Columbus leave to refit his ship at Hispaniola, i. 210.PPacajes, district and town of La Plata, ii.184.Pachachaca, river of Peru, ii.146.Pachacamac, a deity of the Peruvians, ii.105.Temple of, in Peru,103.----, isle in the Pacific, ii.296.Pachacutec, 10th Inca of Peru, ii.85.Pachitea, river, ii.127.Pachuca, town of New Spain, i. 134.Pachuquilla, the most ancient village of the vale of Anahuac, i. 134.Pacific Ocean, discovered by Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, i. 213.Pagi, or Puma, of Chili, ii.256.Pajaro, Chilian island, ii.282.Paillamachu, toqui of the Chilese, ii.241.Paintings, Mexican, i. 52. 123.Pampasof Buenos Ayres, ii.222.Pampas del Sacramento, ii.151.Pampatar, in Margarita, recent events at, ii.74.Pamplona, city of New Granada, i. 263.Panama, province of, i. 229.Boundaries, discovery, climate, soil, forests, mountains, trade, produce, 230.Mines, rivers, animals, capital, 232.Bay, pearl fishery, and cities, 235.----, city of New Granada, scite, i. 232.History, government, public offices and buildings, inhabitants, bay, tides, 234.PanosIndians, ii.152.Panuco, river of New Spain, i. 134. 149.Papantla, pyramids of, i. 151.Papaws, i. 244.Paragoana, peninsula of, in Caraccas, ii.50.Paraguay, government of, boundaries, extent, history, discovery, &c., ii.195.Climate, and productions, features, &c.,199.Animals,201.Rivers, commerce,202.Missions, capital, and towns,203.Paraguayriver, small declension of, ii.161.Description of,164.Paramo de Guanacas, pass of, i. 265. 276.----de la Summa Pazmountain, i. 265.----del Assuay, road over the, i. 308.Paranariver, ii.166. 224.Paria, district and city of La Plata, ii.179.Paria, province of Caraccas, ii.18.PariagotoIndians, ii.13.Parimalake, ii.17.Parina Cochalake, ii.140.Parina Cocha, district of Peru, ii.140.Parral, town of New Spain, i. 95.Pasco, town of Peru, ii.130.Pascomines, in Peru, ii.79.Pascuaro, town of New Spain, i. 137.Pasquaro, town of New Spain, i. 94.Passof Guanacas, i. 276.Passo del Norte, fort of New Spain, i. 69.Pasto, town of New Granada, i. 281.Patagonians, ii.229.Pataz, gold works of Peru, ii.80.Pataz, district of Peru, ii.126.Paucarcolla, district and town of La Plata, ii.187.Paucartambo, district of Peru, ii.144.---- river, i. 326. ii.144.Paullu, Inca, gives Pizarro battle, ii.95.Pausa, town of Peru, ii.140.Paynenauca, toqui of the Chilese, ii.240.Payta, town of Peru, ii.122.Pearlfishery of Panama, i. 230.Pedro Arias de Avila, governor of Terra Firma, i. 213.Pedro de la Gasca, third governor of Peru, ii.100.PehuenchesIndians, ii.288.Pendulousbridges in South America, i. 224.Pensacola, city of Florida, i. 13.Perdidobay and river, boundary of the United States andFlorida, i. 7. 16.Perote, plain of, i. 144.Peru, viceroyalty of, boundaries and extent, ii.75.Political and territorial divisions, population and government,76.Commerce,77.Produce of the mines,78.Mines,79.Climate, features, &c.,81.History, discovery, &c.,83.Ancient Peruvians,103.Antiquities,104.Modern Peruvians,105.Recent events in,108.Capital,114.Provinces of,120.Peruvians, ancient, ii.103.Peruvians, modern, ii.105.Peruviansheep, ii.255.Peteroa, volcano of Chili, ii.249. 274.Petorca, city of Chili, ii.269.Pichincavolcano, i. 298.Pico de Orizabavolcano, i. 35. 150.Pico de Tancitaromountain, i. 135.Piedra Blanca, Pacific, i. 201.Pihuen, or Chilese pine tree, ii.247.Pilaya y Paspaya, province of La Plata, ii.179.Pilcomayoriver, ii.166. 173.Pillan, name of the Deity in ancient Chili, ii.233.Pimeria, province of New Spain, boundaries, climate, inhabitants, i. 86.Rivers, 87.Forts, 88.Pinosisle, Cuba, i. 192.Pique, insect, i. 244.Piritooisles, ii.300.PirosIndians, ii.152.Pisco, town of Peru, ii.133.Piura, district of, and oldest town in Peru, ii.120.Pizarro, history of the conquest of Peru by, ii.86.Pizarro Gonzaloassumes the government of Peru, ii.99.---- —— exploratory journey of, to the false Maranon, i. 290.Plainof the Maranon, i. 223.Plainsof Barcelona, ii.32.Platinaof Choco, i. 274.Poitos, slaves of the mission Indians, ii.15.Pomabamba, province and town of La Plata, ii.182.Pongo de Manseriche, or crevice of the false Maranon, i. 322. 333.Ponce de Leonexplores Florida, i. 9.Popayan, government of New Granada, i. 275.----, city of New Granada, scite, environs, rivers, i. 279.Volcanoes, buildings, population, 280.Popo, silver mines of La Plata, ii.178.Popocatepetlvolcano, i. 35. 141.Populationof New Spain, i. 47.Of Mexico, 58.Of Puerto Rico, 182.Of Cuba, 187.Of New Granada, 214.Of Caraccas, ii.2.Of Peru,76.Of Spanish America,108. 318.Of La Plata,156.Of Chili,253.Porco, city of La Plata, ii.177.----, mountains of La Plata, ii.177.Porcupine, American, ii.257.Pore, city of New Granada, i. 264.Porrudos, river of La Plata, ii.165.PortSir Francis Drake, i. 4. 76. 77.PortSan Francisco, i. 4. 77.Porto Bello, city of New Granada, scite, foundation, i. 235.Fortifications, harbour, climate,236.Inhabitants, commerce,237.Edifices, &c.,238.Porto Cavello, city of Caraccas, scite, history, ii.50.Buildings, population, trade,51.Climate, &c.,52.Portuguesa, river of Caraccas, ii.6. 66.Potatoe, not indigenous to Mexico, only found in South America at the conquest, i. 38.Potomines of La Plata, ii.189.Pototacalead mines of La Plata, ii.179.Potosi, mines of, ii.174.Potosi, city of La Plata, scite, climate, environs, mines, ii.174.Foundation, mint, population, buildings, ii.175.Precipiceof the Silla de Caraccas, ii.8.Priceof provisions in Choco, i. 273.---- given for European animals in the early times of the Spanish colonies of Peru, ii.131.Produceof the mines in the New World, not so great as has been imagined, i. 42.Actual amount of, ii.320.Pron, bundle of threads used to record events in Chili, ii.233.Protectorof the Indians, title of Las Casas, ii.22.Pucara, remarkable ruins in La Plata, ii.190.Puchacay, province of Chili, ii.277.Puda, or wild goat of Chili, ii.256.Puebla, La, province of New Spain, boundaries, extent, i. 138.Produce, history, climate, and ancient capital, i. 139.Present capital, 140.Mountains and antiquities, 141.Towns, 142.Rivers, 143.----de los Angelos, city of New Spain, situation, cathedral, buildings, bishopric, trade, environs, population, height, i. 140.----Nueva, city of New Granada, i. 179.PuelchesIndians, ii.288.Puerto Ricoisland, situation, extent, history, i. 180.Land-crabs, produce, 181.Population, capital, 182.---- ——, city of, i. 182.----Viejo, district of New Granada, i. 311.Pulque, strong liquor made from the agave, i. 39.Puma, or American Lion, ii.256.Puna, city of La Plata, ii.188.---- island, i. 312.Punta de la Galera, so called on account of Columbus' ship touching at it, ii.27.----de Santa Elena, district of New Granada, i. 312.Purace, volcano, i. 280.----, village of Popayan, i. 281.Purissima Concepcion de Catorce, mines of New Spain, profit of, i. 44.Purosriver, ii.194.Puruays, ancient inhabitants of Quito, i. 284.Pusambio, or Vinegar River, i. 281.Putacuao, lake of Caraccas, i. 40.Pyramiderected on the banks of the Paraguay, as a boundary mark between Spanish and Portuguese America, ii.164.QQuaquasIndians, ii.14.Quebrada, or crevice of Tipe, i. 254.Quelendamamountain, i. 299.Quelenes, Indian country of Guatimala, i. 164.Quesaltenango, district of Guatimala, i. 163.Queretaro, city of New Spain, i. 133.Quesada, Gonzalo Ximenes de, conquest of New Granada by, i. 214. 267.Quetlavaca, or Cuitlahuatzin King of Mexico, i. 117.Quiabaslan, i. 24.Quibo, or Caybo isle, i. 204.Quicarasisles, Pacific, i. 203.Quichuan, language of Peru, ii.154.Quillota, province and city of Chili, ii.267.Quinchuan, isle of Chiloe, ii.287.Quindiumountain, i. 221. 276. Pass of, 277.Quiriquina, Isle of Chili, ii.282.Quispicanchi, district of Peru, ii.143.Quito, presidency of New Granada, boundaries, i. 283.Extent, districts, history, 284.Capital, 293.Features and mountains, 297.Provinces, 303.----, city of, foundation, scite, vicinity, i. 293.Climate, earthquakes, population, 294.Manners and customs of the inhabitants, public buildings, i. 295.Trade, height, 296.Rivers, 297.----, jurisdiction of New Granada, i. 305.Quixos y Macas, government of New Granada, i. 334.RRaleigh, Sir Walter, voyage of, to Guiana, ii.71.Ramirez, isle in Lake Tamiagua, i. 193.Rancagua, province and city of Chili, ii.272.Ransom, immense, given by Atabalipa, ii.93.Rapel, village and cavern in Chili, ii.274.Raspaduracanal, unites the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, i. 273.Regionof perpetual snow in Mexico, i. 47.Real de los Alamos, town of New Spain, i. 92.Realejo, town and port of Guatimala, i. 167.Religionof New Spain, i. 48.Of ancient Mexicans, i. 126.Of the Muyscas, 218. 227.Of the ancient Peruvians, ii.104.Of the wandering tribes on the banks of the Maranon,153.Of the ancient Chilese,233.Repartimientos, history of, ii.106.Revenueof New Spain, i. 55.Of New Granada, 215.Of Peru, ii.76.Of Spanish America,320.Revillagigedoisle, i. 202.Riobamba, district of New Granada, i. 306.---- city of New Granada, i. 307.Rio Bravo del Norte, i. 45. 70.----Colorado, New Spain, i. 45.----Conchos, or de Salinas, New Spain, i. 94.----de la Hacha, district and town of New Granada, i. 259.----de la Plata, discovery of, ii.156.Description,164.----Grande de la Magdalena.SeeMagdalena.----Negro, i. 327. 332. ii.72.----Santiago, or Rio Lerma, New Spain, i. 100.----Vermelho, or Vermejo, ii.166.----Verde, New Spain, i. 155.Riochico, town of New Spain, i. 90.Rioxa, city of La Plata, ii.213.Riversof Florida, i. 14.Of New Spain, 45.Of Caraccas, ii.10.Of La Plata, ii.164.Of Chili,250.Roadof the Mexican plain, great length of, i. 35.From Cumanacoa, highly picturesque, ii.33.From Buenos Ayres to Potosi,209.Roadsof New Spain, i. 41.Over the Andes, in Chili, ii.248.Roca Partidaisle, i. 202.Roderic de Trianafirst sees the American land, i. 2.Roebuckisle, Florida, i. 19.Roguagualolake of La Plata, ii.194.Roncadorisle, i. 199.Rosario, mine of, New Spain, i. 92.Ruatanisle, i. 198.Ruminaguiusurps the sceptre of Quito, i. 288.Ruminavimountain, i. 299. 300.SSacrificesof the Muyscas, i. 218. 227.----, island of, i. 193.Salado, river of La Plata, ii.207.Salamanca, town of New Spain, i. 102.Salis, discovery of the Rio de la Plata by, ii.156. 164.Saltplains and lakes of La Plata, ii.208.---- works of Araya, in Caraccas, ii.30.Salta, city of La Plata, ii.214.Saltillo, town of New Spain, i. 94.Sana, town and district of Peru, ii.123.San Antonio, town of Caraccas, ii.69.---- ——de Bejar, fort of Texas, i. 98.---- ——de los Cues, ancient fort, i. 153.San Bartolomeo de Chillan, town of Chili, ii.277.----Beneditoisle, Pacific, i. 202.----Benitoisle, Pacific, i. 200.----Bernardo de Tarija, town of La Plata, ii.177.---- ——, bay in the gulf of Mexico, i. 199.----Blas, port of New Spain, i. 101.----Buenaventuramission, California, i. 83.----Carlos, town of Caraccas, ii.56.---- ——, fort of Guiana, ii.70.---- ——, town of Chiloe, ii.286.San Christoval de Acochala, silver mine, ii.178.---- ——, lake of Mexico, i. 130.San Felipe, city of Chili, i. 270.---- ——, town of Caraccas, ii.57.---- ——y San Jago, town of New Spain, i. 92.San Fernando de Apure, town of Caraccas, ii.68.---- ——, town of Chili, ii.273.San Francisco, mission of California, i. 82.----Jayme, town of Caraccas, ii.68.----Joachin de Omaguas, Spanish fort on the Maranon, ii.151.----Josef, town of Florida, i. 14.----Jose, mission of California, i. 82.----Juan de la Frontera, city of La Plata, ii.219.---- ——de los Llanos, province and town of New Granada, i. 263.---- ——del Pao, town of Caraccas, ii.57.---- ——del Rio, town of New Biscay, i. 94.City of Mexico, 133.---- ——, river of Florida, i. 15.Town of Nicaragua, 168.River of Nicaragua, importance of, 169.San Lazaro, fort of Carthagena, i. 247.----Luis de Cura, town of Caraccas, ii.57.---- ——de Gonzaga, city of Chili, ii.280.---- ——, island in the bay of San Bernardo, i. 193.---- ——de Loyola, city of La Plata ii.219.---- ——Potosi, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries, extent, population, climate, i. 95.Mines, capital, 96.---- —— ——, city of New Spain, i. 96.San Martinisle, Pacific, i. 200.----Miguel, town and district of Guatimala, i. 162.---- ——de Ibarra, city and province of New Granada, i. 303.----Nicolas, isle in the Pacific, i. 200.----Pablo de Omaguas, Portuguese fort on the Maranon, ii.151.----Pedro, town of Caraccas, ii.64.Town of Peru, 123.----Salvadorisle, Pacific, i. 200.---- ——, town and district of Guatimala, i. 162.----Sebastian, colony founded by Ojeda, i. 212.----Sebastian de Buenavista, town of New Granada, i. 250.---- ——de los Reyes, town of Caraccas, ii.57.Santa Ana, mission of California, i. 84.----Barbara, mission of California, i. 82.Santa Catalina, or Providence Isle, i. 199.----Cruz, mission of California, i. 82.---- —— isle, Pacific, discovered by Cortez, i. 201.---- ——, town of Cuba, i. 192.---- ——, village of New Mexico, i. 69.---- ——de la Sierra, province and town of La Plata, ii.192.Santa Fé, province of New Granada, i. 264.---- ——de Bogota, capital of New Granada, scite, foundation, buildings, height, population, i. 225.Climate, viceroy, archbishopric, environs, 226.Mint, 228.---- ——, city of New Spain, i. 69.---- ——, city of Paraguay, ii.227.---- ——, aqueduct of Mexico, i. 66.---- ——de Antioquia.SeeAntioquia.Santa Maria, name of the ship in which Columbus sailed, i. 2.---- ——el Antigua del Darien, colony founded by Balboa, i. 212.First settlement in Spanish North America, 240.Santa Maria, or Talca, isle of Chili, ii.282.Santa Marta, province of New Granada, boundaries, discovery, history, i. 252.Climate, productions, features of, 253.Rivers, 254.Cacao plant, 257.Population, capital, 258.Towns, 259.---- ——, city of New Granada, i. 258.Santa Rosa de Cosiquiriachi, town of New Spain, i. 94.Santa Rosaisle, Pacific, i. 202.Santanillaisle, i. 199.Santiago, capital of Chili, scite, population, streets, buildings, squares, suburbs, ii.263.Cathedral, mint, governor, bishopric, trade, ii.264.Santiago, province of Chili, ii.271.Santiago del Estero, city of La Plata, ii.212.Santo Tomé, capital of Guiana, ii.72.St. Anastasia, isle of, Florida, i. 19.St. Augustine, city of Florida, i. 11.St. Felixand St. Ambrose isles, Pacific, ii.296.St. John's, river of Florida, i. 14.St. Lorenzoisle, Pacific, ii.296.St. Mark's, town of Florida, i. 12.St. Martin, plains of, ii.221.St. Mary'sriver, boundary between Florida and the United States, i. 14.St. Saverio, town of Chili, ii.275.Sangai, or Mecas, volcano, i. 301.Sangallanisle, Pacific, ii.296.Sansonate, town and district of Guatimala, i. 162.Sapotes, i. 245.Sariacu, village on the Maranon, ii.152.Savannahof the Orinoco, i. 223.Sayri Tupac, 17th and last Inca of Peru, ii.86.ScotchDarien Company, i. 241.Sechura, town of Peru, ii.122.Sensitiveplant, i. 242.Serranaisles, i. 199.Serranillaisles, i. 199.Settlementsformerly made in the Straits of Magellan, ii.291.Sicasica, province and town of La Plata, ii.181.Sierra de Canataguadivides North from South America, i. 5. 230.----Madre, range of mountains, i. 35. 68. 73.----de las Grullas, i. 36. 75.----Gorda, i. 98.----Verde, i. 36.----de San Martin, i. 151.---- ——Pacaraimo, i. 222.---- ——Quineropaca, i. 222.---- ——Paria, ii.39.---- ——San Carlos, ii.154.Silla de Caraccas, i. 220. ii.8.Silla Casa, mercury veins in Peru, ii.136.Silva, exploratory journey of, in Guiana, ii.71.Silverexported from New Spain, i. 42.---- produced annually in New Spain, i. 43.---- native, found in Batopilas, i. 43.Sinarucoriver, ii.67.Sinchi Roca, 2d Peruvian Inca, ii.85.Singularmonuments in Cuyo, ii.218.Sir Francis Draketakes Porto Bello, i. 238.---- —— —— takes Carthagena, i. 249.Sisal, port of Yucatan, i. 158.Slavetrade, origin of, ii.22.Slavesof New Spain, i. 48.Snow, limits of perpetual snow in Mexico, i. 47.Socorro, town of New Granada, i. 270.Socorroisle, Pacific, i. 202.Soconusco, district and town of Guatimala, i. 161.Solola, district of Guatimala, i. 162.Sombrerete, town and mines of New Spain, i. 99.Sonora, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries, districts of, capital, i. 86.----, district of New Spain, i. 88.----, city of New Spain, i. 89.Sotara, volcano, i. 280.Sourcesof the Apurimac or Maranon, ii.149.---- of the Magdalena and Cauca, i. 277.Steam enginemuch wanted in the American mines, i. 42.Suchitepeque, town and province of Guatimala, i. 162.Sucumbiosmissions of New Granada, i. 336.Sumasinta, river of New Spain, i. 149.Sunchulimountain, celebrated for its gold mines, ii.185.Sutiles, or limes, use of in cookery, i. 245.TTabasco, province of New Spain, former extent of, i. 147.Climate, productions, chief town, 148.Lakes, towns, rivers, 149.Volcanoes, 150.---- island, i. 148. 194.----, city of New Spain, i. 148.---- river, i. 149.Tacames, province of New Granada, i. 282.----, city of New Granada, i. 283.Tacarigua, Indian name of Lake Valencia, ii.17.Tacna, town of Peru, ii.150.Tacubaya, town of New Spain, i. 133.Talca, or San Augustin, city of Chili, ii.275.Talcaguana, road of, in the bay of Concepcion, ii.279.Tambo, or palace of the Incas, i. 301.Tamiagualake, i. 149.Tampicoriver, i. 149.Taquari, river of La Plata, ii.165.Tarabitas, or flying bridges, i. 257.Tarma, intendancy of Peru, ii.126.----, city of Peru, ii.128.Tavantin-suyu, ancient name of Peru, ii.155.Tasco, city of New Spain, i. 133.Teaof Paraguay, ii.200Tehuantepeque, city of New Spain, i. 153.Temperatureof the air in Mexico, i. 46.Temple of the Sunat Cuzco, ii.143.Teneriffe, town of New Granada, i. 259.Tenochtitlan, original name of Mexico, i. 107.Teocallies, or Mexican temples, i. 52.Teotihuacan, San Juan de, temple, i. 132.Teotl, name of the Deity in Mexico, i. 126.Tequehuen, isle of Chonos Archipelago, ii.287.Tequendoma, cataract of, i. 224. 226.Tradition concerning, 228.Texas, province of New Spain, i. 97.Tezcuco, lake of Mexico, i. 129.Tiahuanaco, singular monuments at, ii.184.Tibiquari, river of La Plata, ii.166.Tiburonisle, Gulf of California, i. 201.Tides, great difference of, at Panama and Porto Bello, i. 234.Tierra Firme, general name for Panama, Veragua, and Darien, i. 229.---- —— Proper, or Panama. SeePanama.---- ——, conjecture concerning the application of this name to Panama, i. 229.Tiguesgalpa, district and town of Guatimala, i. 162.Timana, town of New Granada, i, 281.Tinta, town of Peru, ii.145.Tipuanis, river of La Plata, ii.177.Tisingal, mine of Guatimala, i. 176.Titicaca, or Chucuito Lake, ii.163. 185.Tlacopankingdom, i. 104.Tlacotalpan, town of New Spain, i. 149.Tlascala, city of New Spain, i. 139.Tlascalanrepublic, i. 139.Tlatelolcotown, i. 108.Tlaxcallanrepublic, i. 103.Tocaima, town of New Granada, i. 271.Tocunos, river port of Varinas, ii.65.Tocuyo, city of Caraccas, ii.52.----, river of Caraccas, ii.45.Todo Hierro, castle of Porto Bello, i. 236.Tolosa, first Captain General of Caraccas, ii.21.Tolubalsam, i. 242. 250.----, town of New Granada, i. 250.Toluca, city of New Spain, i. 133.---- mountain, i. 129.Tomahave, mines of La Plata, ii.177.Tomina, district of La Plata, ii.176.Topia, cordillera of, i. 73.Topocalma, port of Chili, ii.274.Toqui, great chief of the Araucanians, ii.290.Tortuga Saladaisle, ii.298.Totonicapan, district of Guatimala, i. 163.Totoral, isle of Chili, ii.282.Toultecsor Toltecs, nation, i. 104.Traditionsof the Muyscas, i. 228.Trexoor Truxo, a negress, great age of, ii.206.Trinidad, discovery of, by Columbus, ii.19.----, town of Cuba, i. 191.Tristeisle, Gulf of Mexico, i. 194.Truxillo, intendancy of Peru, boundaries, climate, districts, ii.120.Capital,124.Truxillo, jurisdiction of Peru, ii.124.----, city of Peru, scite, foundation, buildings, population, fortifications, ii.124.----, city of Caraccas, ii.64.----, city of Guatimala, i. 175.Tucuman, government of La Plata, boundaries, ii.204.Climate, features, history,205.Capital,211.----, city of La Plata, ii.211.Tula, river of New Spain, i. 134. 149.Tulmero, town of Caraccas, ii.54.Tumbez, town of Peru, ii.121.Tumbibamba, battle of, i. 287.Tumiriquirimountain, ii.34.Tumulus, singular one in Quito, i. 301.Tumuliof Quito, i. 304.Tunguraguamountain, i. 302.----, or false Maranon river, i. 326.Tunja, disappearance of Bochica at, i. 217. 271.----, town of New Granada, i. 271.Tupac Amaru, the 1st, revolt of, and death, ii.100.---- ——, the 2d, or, Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, revolt of, crowned by the Peruvians, wages dreadful war against the whites, ii.101.Tupac Yupanqui, 12th Inca of Peru, ii.86.Tupungato, mountain of Chili, ii.249.Tuquillo, plains of, i. 221.Turbaco, village and volcanitos of, New Granada, i. 251.Turco, mines of La Plata, ii.180.Turneffisle, i. 197.Tuy, river of Caraccas, ii.46.Tuyu, territory of Buenos Ayres, ii.228.Tuxtla, volcano of New Spain, i. 151.Tzapoteca, district of New Spain, i. 154.UUcayale, or true Maranon, i. 326.Ucucuamomountain, a supposed El Dorado, i. 222.Ulmens, chiefs of the Araucanians, ii.290.Ulua, St. Juan de, island of, fort of, light-house, i. 193.Umama, peak of, i. 221.Unare, river of Caraccas, ii.41.Universityof Mexico, i. 61.Urcos, town of Peru, ii.143.Urubambariver, ii.144.Uruguay, Jesuits' territories, ii.199.----, or river of the Missions, ii.166. 224.Uspallata, silver mines of Chili, ii.217. 252.VVaca de Castro, government of Peru by, i. 292. ii.99.Valdivia, conquest of Chili by, ii.235.----, fortress and city of Chili, history, buildings, fortifications, environs, harbour, ii.281.Valencia, city of Caraccas, ii.55.----, lake of Caraccas, ii.16.Valenciana, mines of, the richest in New Spain, description of, expences of, profit, i. 43.Height of, 102.Valladolidor Mechoacan, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries and extent, i. 134.Features, 135.Volcano of Xorullo, 135.Population, 137.Capital and towns, productions, 137.Valladolid, city of New Spain, scite, description of, aqueduct, population, &c., i. 137.Valleyof Caraccas, i. 254.Of Aragua,ib.Of Monai, or the Llanos,ib.Of the Orinoco, ii.9.Valparaiso, city and port of Chili, scite, history, ii.267.Buildings, trade,268.Harbour,269.Vampyre bat, i. 243.Varinas, province of Caraccas, ii.65.----, city of Caraccas, ii.68.Varuisle, Caribbean Sea, ii.297.Venezuela, origin of the name, ii.16. 43.----, province of, boundaries, population, soil, climate, ii.43.Features,44.Commerce,47.Capital,49.Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, discovery of the Pacific by, i. 213.Vega de Supia, silver mines of New Granada, i. 272.Vela Blasco, first viceroy of Peru, ii.99.Velez, town of New Granada, i. 270.Vera Cruz, intendancy of New Spain, boundaries, extent, climate, i. 143.Singular features of, productions, population, 144.Capital, 145.Towns, 146.Volcanoes, 150.Antiquities, 151.----, city of New Spain, situation, defence, port, history, buildings, i. 145.Population, vicinity, yellow fever, 146.Vera Cruz el Antigua, town of New Spain, i. 147.Veragua, first European colony established on the continent of America, i. 179.----, province of New Granada, i. 229.Boundaries, discovery of, by Columbus, i. 177. 211.Description of, climate, mines, capital, 178.Towns, 179.----, Duke of, title of Columbus, i. 177.----, city of New Granada, i. 178.Vera-Paz, province of Guatimala, boundaries, i. 165.Extent, climate, features, trade, capital, 166.----, or Coban, city of Guatimala, i. 166.Vermelho, or Vermejo river, ii.166. 207.Vernon, Admiral, attack on Porto Bello by, i. 238.Attack on Carthagena by, 249.Vicente Yanez Pinzon, discovery of the Maranon by, i. 329.Explores Paria, ii.10.Viceroysof New Spain, i. 31.Of New Granada, 214.Of Peru, ii.100.Viceroyaltyof New Spain. SeeNew Spain.---- of New Granada, erection of, i. 293.---- of Peru, ii.75.---- of Buenos Ayres, or La Plata, ii.155.Victoria, town of Caraccas, ii.54.----, or Tabasco, town of New Spain, i. 148.Vicuna, or Peruvian camel, ii.137. 253.Vilcamayoriver, i. 326. ii.144.Vilcanota, chain of, boundary between Peru and La Plata, ii.146.Vilcas Guaman, district and town of Peru, ii.139.Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, founded by Cortez, i. 23.Villa Rica, town of Paraguay, ii.204.---- ——, volcano of Chili, ii.249.---- ——, lake of Chili, ii.250.Villa Hermosa, town of New Spain, i. 149.Villa de Leon, town of New Spain, i. 103.Villa del Principe, town of Cuba, i. 191.Vilumilla, toqui of the Chilese, ii.243.Vinegarriver, singular stream of Popayan, i. 281.Violenceof the winds on the Andes, i. 302.Vizcacha, or Chilese fox, ii.256.Volcanitos de Turbaco, i. 251.Volcanoof Guayna Patina, in Peru, ii.148.---- of Peteroa, in Chili, ii.249. 274.---- of Villa Rica, in Chili, ii.249.Volcanoesof New Spain, i. 36.---- of the Andes, i. 224.---- of Chili, ii.249.Voyagesof Columbus. SeeColumbus.---- of different travellers on the Maranon, i. 330.---- of Father Girval up the Maranon, ii.151.---- of Magalhaens, ii.292.WWelsers, a German company, to whom Caraccas was intrusted, ii.20.West India Islesof Spain, number of, political divisions, i. 179.Wheat, introduction of, into Quito, i. 305.----, quantity cultivated in New Spain, i. 38.Whites, number of, in New Spain, i. 47.----, number of, in Spanish America, ii.319.Workmenand labourers in the Mexican mines often steal the metals, i. 44.XXalapa, city of New Spain, gives its name to jalap, i. 39.Population, scite, climate, height, i. 147.Xaquijaguanavalley, place where Gonzalo Pizarro was taken prisoner, ii.144.Xarayes, lake of La Plata, ii.162.Xauxa, district and town of Peru, ii.137.----, or Jauja, river of Peru, ii.127.Xexemani, suburb of Carthagena, i. 246.Xexuy, river of La Plata, ii.166.Xochicalcolake, i. 130.----, monument of, i. 132.Xorullovolcano, singular formation of, i. 135.Xuxuy, or San Salvador, city of La Plata, ii.213.YYaguache, district of New Granada, i. 312.Yanos, fort of New Spain. SeeJanos.Yahuar Huacac, 8th Inca of Peru, ii.85.Yapurariver, i. 327. 332.Yaracuy, river of Caraccas, ii.46.Yearof the Moscas, i. 218.Yecorato, mines of New Spain, i. 91.Yellowfever at Caraccas, ii.6.At La Guayra,7.Yopez, river of New Spain, i. 143.Ypacary, lake of La Plata, ii.163.Ypoa, lake of La Plata, ii.163.Yquilao, isle of the Archipelago of Chonos, ii.287.Yvaririver, ii.154.Yucatanor Merida, intendancy of, boundaries, extent, productions, climate, i. 155.Mountains, rivers, inhabitants, British settlers, 156.Logwood cutting, Indians, 157.Population, capital, towns, 158.Yupanqui, 11th Inca of Peru, ii.85.Yuranqui, plain of, place where a degree of the meridian was measured by the Spanish and French mathematicians, i. 297.Yurbariver, ii.154.Yutayriver, ii.154.ZZacatecas, intendancy of, boundaries, extent, population, mines, capital, and towns, i. 99.---- ——, city of New Spain, i. 99.Zacatula, town of New Spain, i. 134.----, river of New Spain, i. 134.Zamba, town of New Granada, i. 251.Zaqueor Xaque, title of the Prince of the Moscas, i. 321.Zeruma, town of New Granada, i. 321.Zinu, town of New Granada, i. 251.Zippas, chiefs of the Moscas, i. 217.Zitara, canal of, unites the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, i. 273.Zumpango, lake of Mexico, i. 130.

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