96.The wordasas a conjunction of cause is renderedya que,puesto que, orcomo.
As you have eaten nothing to-day, it occurred to me to get a supper for you to-night.
Como hoy no has comido nada, se me ocurrió prepararte una cena esta noche.—TOMAYO Y BAUS.
As they won't go with us, let's invite the others.
Ya que no quieren acompañarnos ellos, invitemos a los otros.
(a) As a conjunction of time or comparison it iscomo, but a temporal clause introduced byasmay be rendered byalwith the infinitive.
He had a slight acquaintance with foreign literature as many have to-day.
Tenía un ligero tinte de literatura extranjera como muchos lo tienen hoy.—FERNÁNCABALLERO.
As I entered the room, they all stopped talking.
Al entrar yo en la sala, todos dejaron de hablar.
(b) The correlativeas ... asis renderedtan ... como, butas much ... asandas many ... asare renderedtanto ... comoandtantos ... como.
My father was as charmed as ever with her.
Mi padre se mostró tan embelesado como siempre con ella.
—JUANVALERA.
I have as much time as I need, and as many books as I want to read.
Tengo tanto tiempo como necesito y tantos libros como quiero leer.
The secondasin these phrases may be translatedcuanto,cuantos, or these words may be used to translate both the first and the secondas.
I will buy you as much(as many)as you need.
Te compraré cuanto(cuantos)le hacen falta.
(c)As soon asmay be translated literallytan pronto como, but it is also very frequently renderedasí que,en cuanto, orluego que.
You are going to do it as soon as you know what I am going to tell you.
Lo vas a hacer en cuanto sepas lo que yo te voy a decir.
—LOSQUINTERO.
As soon as night had closed in, they went again to the judge's house.
Así que se cerró la noche se dirigieron otra vez a la casa del juez.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(d)As for,as far as ... is concerned,as regards ..., all may be translateden cuanto aorpor lo que toca a. Otherwise,as far asis translatedhasta.
As for him, he said that he had had them also.
En cuanto a él, dijo que las había tenido también.—JUANVALERA.
"As for me," said old Peter, "I know it by heart."
Por lo que me toca a mí,—dijo el tío Perico,—lo sé de memoria.
—FERNÁNCABALLERO.
(e) Whenasintroduces a clause the action of which is represented as occurring simultaneously with the action of the principal clause, it is translateda medida que.
The children drew their grandmother toward them as they spoke.
Los niños tiraron a su abuela hacia sí a medida que hablaban.
—FERNÁNCABALLERO.
97.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Sabes tan bien como yo lo que tenemos. 2. En cuanto me den el dinero, voy a Madrid. 3. Luego que venga la criada, pídeselo Vd. 4. A medida que las lanchas entraban en la ensenada, el grupo iba mermando poco a poco. 5. Al salir de la casa vieron al hombre que se escapaba. 6. Como yo le vi por última vez el año pasado, no sé si se acordará de mí. 7. Al finy al cabo lo ha hecho como lo quiero yo. 8. Quieren que yo las acompañe hasta la iglesia. 9. Por lo que le toca a Juan, ya ha prometido darme el suyo. 10. Tengo cuantos necesito por lo pronto.
(b) 1. As I was walking in the park this morning I met an old friend. 2. As for you, some fine (good) day you are going to get what you deserve. 3. This is not so large as I wanted it. 4. Save your money as much as you can while you are young. 5. As for me myself, I spend as much as I earn. 6. Will you go as far as the corner with me? 7. They are studying Spanish as so many are doing now. 8. You must sign it as well as (tan bien como, ortanto como,lo mismo que) I. 9. As soon as I find the man who owes me all that money, I will lend you some. 10. As we approached the village, the sky was getting darker.
98.The verbto wantin the sense ofto wishis translated byquerer. Meaningto need,be in want of, it is renderednecesitar,tener menester,hacer falta a.
I want you to tell me at once.
Yo quiero que usted me lo diga en seguida.—ECHEGARAY.
I want another book. Have you any more?
Necesito(tengo menester,me hace falta)otro libro. ¿Tiene Vd. más?
They want three more chairs.
Necesitan otras tres sillas.
Note.—Observe the position ofotras. The wordotroregularly precedes a numeral.
99.In the conjunctive phraseeither ... or,eitheris translatedo. As a pronoun it is translatedo el uno o el otro. At the end of a negative sentenceeitheris renderedtampoco.
Either I'm much mistaken or this is going to cause talk.
O me engaño mucho o esto va a dar que hablar.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
Do you want this pen or the fountain pen? Either will do.
¿Quiere Vd. esta pluma o la plumafuente?—O la una o la otra servirá.
And I don't think I'm a fool, either.
Y creo que no soy tonto, tampoco.—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
Wheneitherat the end of a negative sentence is used merely for emphasis, it is expressed by repeating the negativeno.
I didn't do it, either!
¡No lo he hecho, no!
100.Neitherisnias a conjunction and equal toand ... either. As a pronoun it isni el uno ni el otro. Standing as the first word in a sentenceneitheris translatedtampoco.
I do not look into the mirror, neither to-day nor ever.
No miro en el espejo, ni hoy ni nunca.—ECHEGARAY.
He wouldn't help him, neither would he help me.
No quería ayudarle a él, tampoco quería ayudarme a mí.
I showed him the drawings. Neither of them pleased him.
Le mostré los dibujos. Ni el uno ni el otro le ha contentado.
101.The conjunctionbecauseisporque. The prepositional phrasebecause ofis translateda causa de.Porwith the infinitive is often used forporquewith a clause, and may be used fora causa dewhen the object of the preposition is a participial phrase.
I won't give you any more because you have enough already.
No te daré más porque ya tienes bastante.
Because of the rain the country was flooded.
A causa de la lluvia estaba inundado el campo.
That tribe obeyed him and respected him because he was(because of his being)older.
Aquella caterva le obedecía y respetaba por ser él mayor.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
102.EXERCISES
(a) 1. No quiero que Vds. me ofrezcan dinero. 2. No le he devuelto el dinero que tuvo a bien prestarme.—Ni yo tampoco. 3. O se lo ha llevado él o el hermano de él, pero ni el uno ni el otro quiere confesarlo. 4. ¿Qué necesita usted?—Un martillo para arrancar estos clavos. 5. O el uno o el otro libro la contentará. 6. Por haber caído tanta nieve no quiero que salgan los chicos esta mañana. 7. A causa de la huelga de los empleados del tranvía tuvimos que ir a pie. 8. O los nuevos o los viejos debe usted mandarme. 9. Yo quisiera conocer a ese señor porque me dicen que es de gran talento. 10. Por ser tan tarde, no querían los padres partir sin los niños.
(b) 1. Well, how many more do you want and how much do you want to pay for them? 2. Do you want to see the picture that they were talking about? 3. Either the father or the mother must be ill. 4. Neither of my friends can speak Spanish. 5. I have to serve as (de) interpreter because I speak the language fluently. 6. Because of the illness of my father, neither my mother nor I were able to go. 7. Because I have a cold, I want you to read this letter aloud to the others. 8. These plants want water. Do you want to water them now? 9. Have you seen either of my sons to-day? Yes. I just saw the older one with three other boys. 10. I want you to tellmewhat you want, either by telephone or by letter. 11. Neither her father nor her mother wanted her to go out, because it is so cold. She didn't want to go, either.
103.The verbto wonderis variously rendered. In the sense ofto be surprisedit is generallyextrañaroradmirarse. As a synonym ofshouldorwould like to knowit may be translatedquisiera saber, ortener curiosidad por saber. In the sense ofto be thinkingorasking one's self, the Spanish usespreguntarse.
No one wondered at the girl's illness.
Nadie extrañó la indisposición de la niña.—JUANVALERA.
I don't wonder that they say certain things.
No me admiro de que digan ciertas cosas.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
I was wondering if I should have time to go before they came.
Yo me preguntaba si tendría el tiempo de ir antes que llegasen ellos.
I wonder who did this.
Yo quisiera saber quién habrá hecho eso.
The verbto wonderis, however, often best translated by the future of probability, as illustrated in the following examples:
Has he come yet, I wonder?
¿Habrá venido ya?
I wonder if it is time yet.
¿Será ya la hora?
I wonder who that man is.
¿Quién será ese hombre?
Cisneros(observing them curiously).I wonder what's going on?
Cisneros(observándolos con curiosidad).¿Qué pasará?
—NUÑEZDEARCE.
This form is used when the English sentence would make complete sense withoutwonder.
104.In Englishthe onehas three translations. When used in contrast withthe other, it is renderedel uno. Before the relativewhoorthatit isel. In adjective phrases such asthe new one,the old one, etc., the wordoneis omitted.
Both boys were busy. The one was helping his mother, the other, his father.
Ambos muchachos estaban ocupados. El uno ayudaba a su madre, el otro a su padre.
You are not going from my house. They are the ones that are going.
Tú no te vas de mi casa. Los que se van son ellos.
—LOSQUINTERO.
And the one that hurts most, is it above or below?
Y la que le duele más, ¿es de arriba o de abajo?
—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
You take the big ones. The little one is mine.
Tome usted los grandes. El pequeño es mío.
105.EXERCISES
(a) 1. No hay peor sordo que el que no quiere oír. 2. El hombre se extrañó el no hallar a su hijo. 3. Yo soy la que se va de aquí. 4. Los relojes andan desacordes, porque cuando el de la Puertadel Sol da las ocho el del Palacio suele dar las ocho y media. 5. ¿Qué hora será? 6. Envíeles a ellos los viejos y a mí los nuevos. 7. Se preguntaba si valía la pena de continuar. 8. Vió que el paisano tenía dos caballos, el uno muy gordo y el otro muy flaco, y se admiraba de la diferencia. 9. ¿Qué revista será aquél que lee con tanto interés? 10. Llaman a la puerta. ¿Quién será a estas horas?
(b) 1. I was wondering if the dog was mad. 2. Take the big one. The little ones aren't worth anything. 3. Who opened the door, I wonder? Please shut it. 4. I don't wonder that you don't like that dress. The other one is much prettier. 5. I don't mean that man. I mean the one who was here before. 6. Everybody wondered what he would be like. 7. Will they want this before I return, I wonder? 8. I wonder at their silence. They must know that I am anxious to know how they stood the journey. 9. The one that you have in your hand is mine. The one that you dropped is my sister's. 10. They tell me that I must choose either this one or that one. I wonder why I can't have the one that I like best.
106.REVIEW EXERCISES
(a) 1.I couldn't helpsmiling when I saw himstand up. 2. Who is that womanstandingin the doorway? 3. While itlastedthe boy kept (tenia) his eyes fixed on the judge's face. 4. The old manwas sittingbehind the counter, reading aloud. 5. Heis not to blame. Nor Ieither. 6. What do youwant(ask) for thehalfof what you have brought? 7. I can'tstand so muchheat. 8. Wesat downto wait until they came. 9.Let's see!Youtoldhim to come andseemeas soon ashe arrived, didn't you? 10. Theylookedvery happysitting therein the shade of the big trees.
(b) 1. That isthe onewho was at the door when the accident occurred. 2. I havehalfof the moneysavedalready. 3.Ashe has read many histories, he can cite many examples. 4. It will be better to put the largeronesin another place.Herein thiscorner. 5. Iwonderif thisoneisaslargeasthatone. 6. Iheardfrom your companions that you had been dismissed. 7. Have youheardfrom home lately? 8.As forthose two houses,neitheris large enough for my family. 9.AsI approached the man, I saw that he wasgettinguneasy. 10.Becausethe horse was older than he had said, they did notwantto buy it.
(c) 1.Well, as theonethat Iwantis not here, Imusttake theonethat I have. 2.Willyousee tothe dessert while I amgettingthe rest of the dinner? 3. Aseither oneis large enough,willyou take thisoneandleaveme the otherone? 4. Iwonderif the postman has come yet. 5. They are erecting a large building at thecornerof our street. Iwonderwhat it will be. 6. Hewonderedthat you had not arrived yet. 7.Tellhim that hemustdo it himself. 8. They are tearing down the church that hasstoodat thatcorner for so manyyears. 9. I was in Naples when thelasteruption of Vesuvius occurred. That waslastyear. 10. Iheard last nightthat the governorhimselfwould comeas soon ashe returned.
107.The verbto take, in its simplest meaning ofto carry, is renderedllevarortomar.
I have to take this book to school.
Tengo que llevar(tomar)este libro a la escuela.
(a) In the sense ofto use,tomaris the correct translation.
The lemonade is rather sour. Take some mare sugar.
Es algo agria la limonada. Tome usted más azúcar.
(b)To take off, meaningto remove, isquitar(se); meaningto imitate, it is translatedimitarorremedar.To take outissacar.
He took off his hat and from it took out a roll of banknotes.
Se quitó el sombrero y de él sacó un rollo de billetes de banco.
—JOSÉMÁRMOL.
Without taking his eyes off them, he slowly continued his way.
Sin quitarles de encima la vista, siguió lentamente el camino.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
(c)To take leave ofisdespedirse de;to take stepsisdar pasos;to take for grantedisdar por supuesto.
Before taking leave of me, she wanted to give me the letter.
Antes de despedirse de mí, quiso darme la carta.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
I take it for granted that you will take the necessary steps to prevent it.
Doy por supuesto que Vd. dará los pasos necesarios para impedirlo.
(d)To take placeis renderedtener lugarorverificarse;to take possession ofis translatedapoderarse de.
The funeral took place yesterday and the heirs have now taken possession of the property of the deceased.
El entierro tuvo lugar(se verificó)ayer y ya se han apoderado de los bienes del difunto los herederos.
(e)To take up roomis renderedocupar lugarorespacio;to take care of,cuidar de.
I'm going to get rid of this table. It takes up too much room.
Voy a deshacerme de esta mesa. Ocupa demasiado lugar.
Don't worry. God will take care of you and of your family.
No te apures. Dios cuidará de ti y de los tuyos.
(f)To take advantage ofis renderedaprovecharse de.
Take advantage of all the opportunities that come to you.
Aprovéchese Vd. de cuantas oportunidades se le presenten.
(g)To take backin the sense ofto returnis translateddevolver; meaningto retractit is renderedretractar.
Take this letter back to them and tell them that we want them to take back what they say in it.
Devuélvales Vd. esta carta y dígales que queremos que retracten lo que en ella escriben.
108.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Dios que cuida de los insectos cuidará de mí y de mi familia. 2. Allí había muchas personas que se habían apoderado de la chimenea. 3. No se quite Vd. el abrigo que aquí en este cuarto hace mucho frío. 4. Me aproveché de la oportunidad para contarle lo ocurrido. 5. El cuento de la desgracia ocupó el primer plan del diario de la mañana. 6. Tenemos mucho gusto en mandarle lo que nos ha pedido. 7. La recepción que se verificó con motivo de la visita del insigne autor, atrajó una brillante asistencia. 8. ¡Cuidado! tengo que devolver ese jarro a la vecina y no quiero que me lo quiebres antes. 9. El espaciodelante de la plataforma fué ocupado por los bancos de los alumnos. 10. ¡Lléveselo! pero ha de ser ahora mismo.
(b) 1. Take this back and tell them that it is not the one I asked for. 2. I shall take advantage of your offer. 3. This will take up more room than that. 4. I think they are taking it for granted that we are going with them. 5. Don't you think that you ought to take off your shoes? 6. The trunk took up so much room in the car that there was no room for me. 7. Tell them that I will take charge (cargarse) of all this so that they may take advantage of this time to go and take leave of their friends. 8. It was evident that he took (had) great pleasure in telling the children stories when he took care of them. 9. I think he will take possession of the property next week.
109.The wordeveris translatednuncain a negative sentence. Meaningat any time, it is renderedunaoralguna vez. As a suffix it is-quiera, and the compound word is followed byqueand the subjunctive.
Now I deserve you less than ever.
Ahora te merezco menos que nunca.—JUANVALERA.
Do you think he will ever come to see us?
¿Cree usted que venga una vez a vernos?
I would follow her wherever she went.
La seguiría adondequiera que fuese.—PALACIOVALDÉS.
110.The verbto passmeaningto go by(through,past) is renderedpasar por delante de.
They passed me in groups.
Pasaron en grupos por delante de mí.—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(a) In reference to time,passis renderedtranscurrirwhen used intransitively.
I slept confidently that night and let the next day pass.
Confiado dormí aquella noche y dejé transcurrir el día siguiente.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(b)To pass onmeaningto continue one's wayis renderedseguir el camino; meaningto hand to,give toit is translatedentregarordar a.
When you have finished with it, pass it on to your friend.
Cuando Vd. haya acabado con él, entréguelo a su amigo.
He stopped to speak to us, but passed on immediately.
Se detuvo a hablarnos, pero siguió en seguida su camino.
(c)To pass(promote) is renderedaprobar;to pass(be promoted) isser aprobado.
You will pass of course, but let's see if that professor will pass me.
Tu serás aprobado, eso sí, pero a ver si aquel profesor me aprobará a mí.
111.The verbto payorpay foris usuallypagar. Meaningto be profitableit is renderedser provechoso.
There were many there that paid nothing because they had nothing.
Muchos había allí que nada pagaron porque nada tenían.
Everybody knows that his mines did not pay.
Todo el mundo sabe que sus minas no le eran provechosas.
(a)To pay attention tohas two translations. Meaningto listen toit isponer atención, meaningto heed,act upon,mindit ishacer caso de.
They never paid any attention to him when he was talking to them.
Nunca le ponían atención cuando les hablaba.
She used to talk to his aunt without paying any attention to him.
Hablaba con su tía sin hacer caso de él.—PALACIOVALDÉS.
112.EXERCISES
(a) 1. De todo eso no hice caso sino que siguiera adelante. 2. Ha pasado muchas noches entregado al trabajo. 3. No hay que afirmar que pasamos por la casa de Pepita. 4. ¿No querían nunca hacerlo sin que Vd. los ayudase? 5. Por dondequiera que vayamos tenemos que llevarlos a ellos. 6. ¿Cómo quieres aprender si nunca pones atención? 7. Parece que no tienen laintención de pagarle. 8. No le haga Vd. caso que se está burlando de Vd., nada más. 9. Transcurrió la noche sin que nadie en la casa lograra dormirse. 10. En plena noche los oimos pasar por delante de la casa.
(b) 1. We have never had the money to pay for the house although we have always wanted to buy it. 2. Do you know that man who has just passed the house? 3. My son has written me that he has passed all his examinations. 4. I don't believe that he will ever finish what he is doing. 5. Whoever did this knows how to do it well. 6. Don't pay any attention to them. 7. Whatever book you choose, pay cash for it (pagar al contado). 8. I have finished with this and now I am going to pass it on to my younger brother. 9. Did you ever see the portrait of my father that that painter painted? 10. And so a quarter of an hour passed, and the procession passed the house again.
113.The verbto turnhas many translations.To turn(round) isvolverorvolverse.
He turned and looked him straight in the face.
Se volvio y le miró cara a cara.—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
All heads turned towards him.
Todas las cabezas se volvieron hacia él.—JUANVALERA.
(a) In the sense ofto grow,get,become,to turnis renderedponerse.
Auntie turned all the colors of the rainbow(literally,twenty-five colors).
La tía se puso de veinticinco colores.—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(b) In the sense ofto go roundorto make go round,turnisdar vuelta(s). In the phrase,to turn the corner, the verb may be translateddoblar.
He was turning the wheel.
Daba vueltas a la rueda.
It was two o'clock when he turned(the corner)into Reconquista Street.
Eran las dos cuando dobló por la calle Reconquista.
—JOSÉMÁRMOL.
Upon turning the corner he found himself in a small plaza.
Al dar vuelta a la esquina se halló en una plazuela.
(c)To turn toin the sense ofto address,appeal to,have recourse tois rendereddirigirse a. Where the appeal is specifically for help,recurrir amay be used.
"Now you have heard it," he continued, turning to the young lady.
Ya lo ha oido Vd.,—prosiguió dirigiéndose a la señorita.
—JOSÉMÁRMOL.
Since my family will not help me, I turn to my friends.
Ya que mi familia no quiere ayudarme, me dirijo a mis amigos.
(d)To turn over(invert) isinvertir; meaningto revolveit isrevolver.
When he turned the plate over he found what had been hidden.
Al invertir el plato halló lo escondido.
But, man alive, I can hardly turn over myself!
¡Pero, hombre de Dios, si apenas puedo revolverme yo!
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(e)To turn out(prove to be) is renderedresultar serorresultaralone.
It turns out that you are the father of a genius.
Resulta que eres el padre de un genio.—ECHEGARAY.
Meaningto put out,expel,dismiss, it is renderedexpeler,echar,poner de patitas en la calle, ordespedir.
This servant is absolutely worthless. I am going to turn him out.
Este criado no vale absolutamente nada. Voy a ponerle de patitas en la calle.
(f)To turn into(become) is renderedconvertirse enorcambiar(se) en.
I told the children the story of the prince who turned into a dragon.
Conté a los niños el cuento del principe que se cambió en un dragón.
The witch turned the princess into a cat.
La bruja cambió a la princesa en un gato.
We took the furniture out of the room and turned it into a gymnasium.
Sacamos los muebles del cuarto y lo convertimos en(un)gimnasio.
(g)To turn upin the sense ofto appearis renderedaparecer,llegar,dejarse ver; in the sense ofto happenit may be renderedsuceder,ocurrir,acaecer.
That man always turns up when he is least wanted. I hope something will turn up to keep him from coming to-day.
Aquel hombre aparece siempre cuando menos queremos verle. ¡Ojalá que suceda algo que le impida el venir hoy!
114.EXERCISES
(a) 1. La alfombra se había puesto roja donde la había manchado el ácido. 2. Apenas hube dado vuelta a la esquina cuando vi al que buscaba. 3. Dirigiéndome entonces a la señora que acababa de hablar, vi que se había puesto muy pálida. 4. Compramos un erial y resultó que el subsuelo era un inmenso almacén de carbón. 5. Entonces se convirtió en una hada con alas blancas. 6. Al fin cuando íbamos perdiendo la paciencia se dejaron ver. 7. Tan pequeña era la habitación que apenas podíamos revolvernos en ella. 8. Me he puesto a revolver papeles. 9. Mi buen deseo resultó ser inútil.
(b) 1. I wonder how that affair will turn out. 2. He turned the glass upside down. 3. Turn them all out if they bother you. 4. It is not worth while to do that, because they will surely turn up again. 5. They have turned that building into a school for the blind. 6. When you turn the next corner you will see the building that you are looking for. 7. The poor woman does not know to whom to turn in her distress. 8. The leaves are turning yellow and red. They will fall soon. 9. He was turning the handle of a little organ that belonged to a blind man. 10. All eyes turned in the direction of the speaker.
115.Englishcanandcould, translated by the present and past tenses ofpoderwhenpossibilityis implied, are differently translated to expressconjecture. In the latter case, Spanish uses the future and conditional of the verbs that in English are the complements ofcanandcould. The examples should be very carefully studied and compared with those given undersection 102.
What can be the matter with the poor boy?
¿Qué tendrá el pobrecillo?—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
Where could Telmo be hidden?
¿Dónde estaría metido Telmo?—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
The first man who made a friend—what could he have been thinking about?
El primer hombre que se hizo amigo—¿en qué estaría pensando?—TOMAYO Y BAUS.
"It wasn't Peter apparently." "It wasn't? Who could it have been?"
No era Pedro a lo visto.—¿No? ¿Quién estaría?
—TOMAYO Y BAUS.
Note that the conditional translates bothcould beandcould have been.
116.To ringistocaras a transitive andsonaras an intransitive verb.
We rang twice before we heard the bell ring within the house.
Tocamos dos veces antes de oír sonar la campanilla dentro de la casa.
At that moment a shot rang out very close.
En aquel mismo instante sonó un tiro muy próximo.
—ALARCÓN.
117.Englishbutas a synonym ofhoweverispero; as an adversative conjunction it is renderedsino; in the sense ofonlyorexceptit may be renderedsinoorno ... más de(que).
He is not here at present, but I am expecting him at any moment.
No está aquí en este momento, pero le estoy esperando de un momento a otro.
She is not Spanish, but Italian.
No es española sino italiana.
No one knows it but you.
Nadie lo sabe sino tú.
Remember that now you have no father but this gentleman.
Acuérdate de que ya no tienes más padre que este señor.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
118.EXERCISES
(a) 1. ¿Quién será?—exclamó la joven que se había puesto pálida. 2. ¿Sería mi hermano el que ha hecho eso? 3. Sonó la campanilla, pero el viejo no la oyó por ser él sordo. 4. ¿Serán ya las tres? ¿Sonaría la campanilla sin que nosotros la oyésemos? 5. Voy a mandarle todo lo que me ha pedido menos este libro, que no puedo pasarme sin él. 6. Me dijo que a las doce de la noche había sonado la campanilla del teléfono. ¿Quién me telefonaría a esas horas? 7. Ya no le queda más dineroque la pequeña suma que heredó de su padre el año pasado. 8. ¿Sería el vecino que me robó el caballo? 9. Es la primera vez que ha faltado a la cita. ¿Estará mala? 10. Yo no sabía de quien sería el bolsillo que acababa de hallar. 11. No hay quien toque las campanas como usted.
(b) 1. Ring the bell and when they open the door ask for him. 2. Who can that man be? There is no one here who knows him. 3. We heard the coins ring as they fell on the table. 4. He speaks no language but English, but he reads Spanish and French. 5. I have no friend but you in the whole city. 6. Could it have been your father who telephoned you last night? 7. Where can my brother be? I hope he has not lost his way. 8. I was wondering ifhecould have taken them.Shecould not have lifted them. 9. We had nothing but bread and butter to eat, but it was enough as we were not hungry. 10. What can he be reading that seems to interest him so much? Generally he reads nothing but the daily paper.
119.The verbto putin its simplest meaning ofto place,lay,set, isponer. It has a very large number of idiomatic uses that call for different translations. Many of these may be learned easily by paraphrasingput. So,to put away,put by(save),guardar,ahorrar;to put back(retard),retardar; (return a thing to where it was),volver a poner una cosa en donde estaba;to put out(extend),extender; (extinguish),apagar; (expel),expeler,echar; (disturb, trouble, annoy),estorbar,molestar;to put down(make a note of),apuntar,poner por escrito; (to suppress),suprimir.
Don't scold me. Put yourself in my place.
No me reprenda usted. Póngase en mi caso.
—LOSQUINTERO.
I picked up the money and put it in my pocket.
Recogí el dinero y lo guardé en el bolsillo.—JUANVALERA.
They say that he has a lot of money put away.
Dicen que tiene ahorrado muchísimo dinero.
We will put down the names in this little book.
Apuntaremos los nombres en este librito.
I shall not be satisfied until they have put it down in writing.
No quedaré satisfecho hasta que lo hayan puesto por escrito.
Can it be the change of teachers that has put him back so much?
¿Será el cambio de maestros que le ha retardado tanto?
(a)To put onis translated by the reflexiveponerse.
They are torn, I know, but I put them on fully aware of it.
Estan rotas, sí, pero me las he puesto con todo conocimiento.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
Note.—Cf.to have on,tener puesto,-a,-os,-as.
They had their hats on.
Tenían puestos los sombreros.
(b)To put in(add) isañadir;to put in mind ofis renderedrecordar;to put in timeisgastarorpasar tiempo.
This house puts me in mind of the house where I was born. I should like to put in a few weeks here.
Esta casa me recuerda la casa en donde nací yo. Quisiera pasar unas semanas aquí.
The lemonade is not very sweet. Put in a little more sugar.
No es muy dulce la limonada. Añada usted un poco de azúcar.
120.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Apunte usted todo lo que yo le voy a decir pues ya sé que tiene Vd. corta memoria. 2. Vuelva Vd. a poner todas esas cosas en donde estaban. 3. Guarda tus libros en este cajón. 4. Ya van a apagar las luces. Salgamos antes de que nos echen a la calle. 5. Me olvidé de poner por escrito sus señas en cuanto me las dió. 6. Ponte este vestido. Te cae más bien que aquél. 7. La llegada inesperada de tantos amigos a la vez estorbó no poco a la señora. 8. Extendió la mano para recibir la limosna. 9. Apaga esa luz que aquí se puede ver bastante bien sin ella. 10. Si, fuera yo usted no me estorbaría por ellos.
(b) 1. I must put it down before I forget it. 2. The children have gone to bed without putting their toys away. 3. Put a little more water in (a) the tea. 4. There is much sickness in that family. They put it down (atribuir) to the water from thatwell. 5. We hoped to finish before night, but the rain has put us back. 6. Shall I put the lamp on this table? (Use present tense of verb.) 7. If we don't let her know that we are coming, we may put her out. 8. He put the knife back into his pocket when he saw that we didn't need to cut the string. 9. The wind had put out all the lights, but it had not put out the fire. 10. Do you think they will be able to put down the revolution that has broken out in the southern provinces?
121.To strikein the sense ofto hitispegar;to strike againstisdar contra;to strike the hourisdar la hora;to strike(cease work) isdeclararse en huelga.
It was I who struck him the blow with the ax.
Yo fuí quien le pegué el hachazo.—JOSÉMÁRMOL.
Has it struck ten yet?
¿Han dado ya las diez?
He struck his head against the door and hurt himself cruelly.
Dió con la cabeza contra la puerta y se lastimó cruelmente.
All the employes of the railroads have struck.
Todos los empleados de las empresas ferroviarias se han declarado en huelga.
122.Spanishvezmeaningtime(seesection 59) occurs in many adverbial phrases which in English do not always contain the wordtime. So,otra vez,again;a la vez,at once,at the same time,together;de una vez y para siempre,once and for all;tal vez,perhaps;en vez de,instead of;rara vez,rarely,seldom;cada vez más,more and more.
That surprised me and at the same time amused me.
Eso me sorprendió y a la vez me hacía gracía.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
Of thirteen or fourteen stones all thrown together, wouldn't one hit him?
De trece o catorce piedras todas lanzadas a la vez, ¿no había de tocarle una?—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
I will answer you once and for all.
Yo os responderé de una vez y para siempre.—ESCRICH.
He rarely entered the Casino. He had no time to spare.
Entró rara vez en el Casino. No le sobraba tiempo.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
Instead of saying "I'm not going," I take my hat and go.
En vez de decir—no voy—tomo el sombrero y me voy.
—JUANVALERA.
And so once here he insisted that we should stay a few days.
Con que una vez aquí, se empeñó en que quedásemos unos pocos días.—ECHEGARAY.
123.The verbto startis renderedcomenzar,empezar,principiar,ponerse a, when the meaning isto begin. Meaningto set in motionit is translatedponer en movimiento. In the sense ofto leave,depart, it is renderedponerse en marchaoren camino, orpartir.To start fromis renderedarrancar de.
"With much pleasure," I said, and I started to unload.
Con mucho gusto, dije, y me puse a descargar.—ALARCÓN.
Scarcely had he started the engine when it stopped again.
No bien hubo puesto en movimiento la máquina cuando volvió a pararse.
The train starts from the north station.
El tren arranca de la estación del norte.
The vehicle started at full speed.
El vehículo se puso en marcha a toda velocidad.
—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
124.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Es necesario que no salgamos a la vez. 2. En vez de marcharse por la noche se largó de madrugada. 3. No necesita usted hablarle otra vez. 4. Es algo que tal vez sea una alucinación, pero lo he notado. 5. Me pegó sin que yo le hubiera dicho nada. 6. En los últimos meses del año pasado se declararon en huelga más de siete mil obreros. 7. El tren estaba para ponerse en marcha. 8. Al oír lo que le dijimos nosotros se puso a correr hacia la aldea. 9. Antes arrancaba el tren de esta estación, pero ya no. 10. Al oír que daban las tres en el reloj del cabildo, todos se pusieron a caminar hacia el palacio.
(b) 1. It is not right for them to strike now. 2. Starting from (a partir de) to-day I must start for school at eight o'clock. 3. Half an hour later they succeeded in starting the machine. 4. Perhaps you will have more time next time. 5. She became more and more tired as she approached the end of her journey. 6. Do you remember the last time the coal miners struck? 7. It strikes me (se me ocurre) that it would be better to finish it now once and for all. 8. Instead of starting at half-past seven they waited until after it had struck eight. 9. They all called me at once, but I was more and more determined not to go with them. 10. He struck him a blow with a whip, but the horse would not start.
125.The verbto dois generallyhacer. Used as an auxiliary in interrogative or negative sentences it is untranslated.
Now that he is here let him see what he has to do.
Ya que está aquí que vea lo que tiene que hacer.
—BENAVENTE.
Didn't I tell you? Do you think she is happy?
¿No te lo decía yo? ¿Crees que sea feliz?—JOSÉDELARRA.
(a) In the sense ofto be enough,to dois renderedbastar. Meaningto serve as,be good for, it is translatedservir(de).
That will do. You have taken too much time already.
Basta. Ya ha ocupado usted demasiado tiempo.
I have no letter paper. Will this postcard do?
No tengo papel de cartas. ¿Servirá esta tarjeta postal?
If it rains, this newspaper will do for an umbrella.
Si llueve, este diario nos servirá de paraguas.
126.In addition to the adverbial expressions given in the preceding lessons the following are important:
Note.—When the hour is mentioned, the phrasesin the morning,in the afternoon, etc., are renderedde la mañana,de la tarde. Soat six in the morning,a las seis de la mañana.
At night there were banquets on board.
Por la noche hubo banquetes abordo.—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
Within two months after entering the army he was a sergeant.
A los dos meses de haber entrado en el ejército era sargento.
—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
One afternoon at a little after five the robbers returned.
Una tarde a eso de las cinco los ladrones regresaron.
—ALARCÓN.
Day by day he feared that she would find him out.
De día en día temía que le descubriese.—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
127.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Todas las noches a eso de las once me dirigía hacia aquella calle. 2. A los pocos días supe que habían llegado. 3. ¿Qué te parece? ¿Servirá éste? 4. Por la mañana trabajo, por la tarde y por la noche me divierto. 5. Le dije que tendría mucho gusto en hacer lo que me acababa de pedir. 6. Al amanecer llegó uno de los soldados para decirnos que la compañía se pondría en marcha a las ocho en punto. 7. Como son malos de día y de noche no tienen más que malos pensamientos. 8. Los alimentos que tenemos son pocos y malos, pero creo que bastarán para los que tienen mucha hambre. 9. ¿Lo han comprado ellos?No quieren comprarlo? 10. Esta roca llana nos servirá de mesa. 11. Tenemos que hacerlo antes de hoy en quince días.
(b) 1. I want him to be here about eight o'clock. 2. I shall not have time to do all that I wanted to do. It is a little after one now. 3. I have only a small knife. Will that do? 4. It has struck four. Didn't they say that they would be here at four exactly? 5. This newspaper will do for a tablecloth. 6. At what time did the accident occur? At a little after six in the morning. 7. Day by day they had more to do. They worked more by day than by night. 8. He wants to wait until a week from Tuesday, but that willneverdo (neveris here only an emphaticnot). 9. This ink won't do. It's green. 10. They woke me a little bit after eight to ask me what they should do.
REVIEW EXERCISES
(a) 1. It isthe onewhotoldyou alittlewhile ago that you had dropped something. 2. I don'tlikechildren. Theyturneverything upside down. 3. Whatcanhe be doing that he doesn't come? 4. "Canthe dog be mad?" the man wondered. 5. Whocouldhave spilled the milk? 6.Takethis. Ittakes uptoo much room in this drawer. 7. The boytook offhis hat when the old man spoke to him. 8. Don't youever passmy house on thewayto your office? 9. It is a pity that he will nottake advantageof your offer. 10. Why do you neverpay attention towhat I say to you?
(b) 1. I advised him notto payfor it, but hepaid no attentionto my advice. 2. Itturned outthat theywantedtostartearlier. 3. They were small andat the same timethey cost too much. 4.Perhapsif youturnthe glassoveryou will find what you arelooking for. 5. At thatverymoment we saw himturnthe corner and cometowardus. 6. To whom shall Iturn, now that my best friend has deserted me? 7. Has your purseturned upyet? 8. He arrived at twelve-thirtysharp, and told us that he hadtaken stepsto prevent any accident. 9. It is a good rule to workby dayand restby night. 10. Has itstruckone yet? Well, then, we need notwait forthemany longer.
(c) 1. This is the old man who usedto ringthe church bell. 2. The workmen in that factory are not satisfied with their pay. It is feared that they willstrike. 3.Butdo you think itcould have beenmy book that was burned? 4.Putthe things here and don'tput yourself outany moreforme. 6. It's too bad that it is so cold. This willputthe cropsback. 7.Putyour shoeson. It is too cold to wear slippers. 8. Are you going toput onyour white dress? I don'tlikethe one youhave on. 9. That willdofor the present. But we shallwanta larger one later. 10. I don'tliketo workat nightwhenI am sleepy.
GENERAL REVIEW EXERCISES
(a) 1.Here'smy card. And what isyourname? 2.Doesthe noisekeepyou from sleeping? 3. He hasn't any change, nor Ieither. 4. I don'tlikevelvet. It isn't stylishany longer. 5. If Ihave made a mistake, Iaskyou to pardon me. 6.There! Noweverything is ready. 7.Help yourselfto vegetables. 8. We are taking this journeyjustfor pleasure. 9. Ithinkwe shallget there in timeif we hurry. 10. Shegets up nowandgoes out to take a walkin the garden when itisnot too cold. 11.What isher husband's motherlike? 12. I can'tstandthe life in the city when itis sohot.
(b) 1. Imiss allthat we used to havebeforeweleftour country home. 2. At each step that wetookour shoesgotdirtier. 3. The rain beatshardagainst the window panes. 4. Have you known them long? I have only known them a few months myself. 5. Listen! It'sstrikingtwelve. We mustgo now. 6. My duties havekeptme from going to see him. 7. Have you a railroad guide? Yes.Hereit is.Butit is an oldone. 8. Turn into the glassallthat the bottle won'thold. 9. We aregetting nearthe citynow, aren't we? 10.Willyoupleasecomethis way, gentlemen. The others are waiting for you. 11.Nowwehave onlytwo thingsleft to ask for.
(c) 1.Sincehis son went to war he hasto takehis morning walk alone. 2. They would nevermake fun ofapooryoung man whowantedtohelpthembecausehethoughtthey werepoor.From day to dayshewasafraid he would discover it andgo awayfrom her. 4.Two days after gettingher letter he found out everything that had happened. 5.Letthemthinkwhat theywill, it doesn't matter to me. 6. Hewantsme now more thanever. Iwillspend my whole lifetaking care ofhim. 7. Youneedn't dothat again. I will do it myself. 8. But Idoappreciate this young man! 9.But even sohe hadsucceededingetting togetherthe respectable sum of forty thousand francs. 10. Hegot intothe automobile hastily, anxious toget away. 11. The vehiclestartedat full speedbecausethe driverknewthat he wouldhave to hurryif hewantedtoget tothe stationbeforethe trainleft.
(d) 1.Withina few days he felt great esteem for the new employe. 2.Dowhat youwillbutdon'ttalk to meaboutthem. 3. One day the oldest daughterappearedat the farm and said shewantedto see her mother. 4. One day when they saw himalonetheywent upto him andaskedhim where he was going. 5. It was useless tohaveteachers comeforhim. Nobody couldgethim to study. 6. Hetoldhis relatives of the great fortune that hehad justinherited. 7. He wished toappear beforethemasa millionaire. 8. He couldn'tstandit that hisonlydaughter shouldgrow up likea boy. 9. If Ionlyhad what my father gives me, I shouldn't have much. 10. And finally heaskedme the samequestion,wonderingthat the idea had not occurred to himbefore. 11.Canit be that this is thelastsentence that we are to write?