á, to, at, on; from (withcomprar,pedir,quitar,etc.); inoron (with expressions of time).abajo, down, downstairs;cuesta abajo, down hill;escalera abajo, downstairs;río abajo, down the river.abandonar, to abandon, desert, leave behind.abandono,m., abandonment, neglect.abanicar, to fan.abanico,m., fan.abatido -a(past part. ofabatir), dejected, downcast, overwhelmed.abatir, to strike down, lower, depress, overwhelm;abatir el vuelo, to fly down.abeja,f., bee.abierto-a(past part. ofabrir), opened, open.abogado,m., lawyer;carrera de abogado, law course, study of law.abogar, to plead.aborrecer, to hate, abhor.abrazar, to embrace;abrazado á, with his arms about.abrazo,m., embrace.abrigo,m., shelter, wrap, cloak.abril,m., April.abrir, to open.abrumar, to crush, overwhelm.absoluto -a, absolute.absorber, to absorb.absorto -a, absorbed.absurdo,m., absurdity, nonsense.abuelo -a,m. and f., grandfather, grandmother.abundante, copious, abundant.aburrir, to tire, bore.abuso,m., outrage, abuse.acá, here, hither.acabamiento,m., end.acabar, to end, finish;acabar de hacer alguna cosa, to have just done something;acabarse, to end;se acabó, it has ended, it is finished, I give it up.acaecer, to happen.acariciar, to caress, dwell on (an idea).acaso, perhaps, perchance, indeed.acaudalado -a, rich.acceder, to yield, accede.acción,f., action.acechar, to watch.aceite,m., oil, olive oil.acento,m., accent, voice.aceptación,f., acceptance.aceptar, to accept.acera,f., sidewalk.acerca de, about, with regard to.acercar, to bring near;acercarse á, to go (orcome) near, approach.acerqué,pret., 1st pers. sing., ofacercar.acertar(ie), to hit upon, find, guess (a riddle);acertar á, to succeed in.acertijo,m., riddle, conundrum.acometer, to attack.acometida,f., attack.acomodado -a, in comfortable circumstances.acomodar, to arrange, place.acompañar, to accompany, go with;acompañado de, accompanied by.acongojar, to afflict, distress.acontecer, to happen.acontecimiento,m., happening, event.acordar(ue), to resolve, remind;acordarse de, to remember.acorde:responder acorde á, to return, correspond to.acosar, to pursue, harass.acostar(ue), to lay down;acostarse, to lie down, go to bed.acostumbrar(se), to be accustomed.acto,m., act; en el acto, at once.actual, present.acudir, to come, come up.acuerdo,m., resolution, recollection;volver en su acuerdo, to come to one's self.acurrucado -a, huddled up, curled up, crouching.achaques,m. plur., infirmities.adaptar, to fit, adapt.Adela,f.(prop. noun), Adele.adelantar, to go ahead;adelantarse, to advance;adelantarse á, to get ahead of;ir adelantado, to be ahead of time, be fast.adelante, forward, on;¡adelante!move on! come on!;ir adelante, to move on;en adelante, henceforth.además, moreover;además de, besides.adentro, within.adiós, good-bye.adivinar, to guess, divine.admiración,f., wonder.admirado -a(past part. ofadmirar), in wonder.admirar, to wonder, amaze, admire.admitir, to admit.Adolfo,m.(prop. noun), Adolphus.adoptar, to adopt, make.adorar, to adore.adornar, to adorn.adorno,m., ornament.advertencia,f., instruction, warning.advertir(ie), to notice, warn, give warning of, remark, inform.advierto:seeadvertir.advirtió:seeadvertir.afamado -a, famous.afán,m., zeal, diligence, earnestness, anxiety;afanes,plur., anxious moments.afanoso -a, solicitous, zealous.afecto,m., affection.afeitarse, to shave.aficionado -a, fond, amateur;aficionado á, fond of.afilar, to whet, grind.afirmación,f., assertion, affirmation.afirmar, to affirm.afligir, to afflict.afluir, to flow, rush.afortunadamente, fortunately.afuera, outside, outdoors;del lado de afuera, outside.agacharse, to squat down.agarrar(de), to grasp (by), seize (by).agente,m., agent;agente de orden público, police officer.agilidad,f., agility, activity.agitación,f., agitation.agitar, to wave, move (about).agobiar, to bear down, crush.agolparse, to crowd, rush.agonía,f., agony (of death), death struggle, distress.agonizar, to be in the agony of death, to die.agosto,m., August.agradable, pleasant, agreeable.agradar, to please.agradecido -a, grateful.agradecimiento,m., gratitude.agravarse, to grow worse.agrícolo -a, agricultural.agrupado -a(past part. ofagrupar), in groups.agrupar, to group;agruparse, to form groups.agua,f., water.aguardar, to wait, wait for, await.agudo -a, sharp, shrill.Águeda,f.(prop. noun), Agatha.aguijar, to spur.águila,f., eagle.aguja,f., needle, spire.aguzar, to sharpen.¡ah!, ah! oh!ahí, there;de ahí, from that, thence;por ahí, over there.ahogar(se), to choke.ahora, now.ahuyentar, to drive away, frighten away.airado -a, angry.aire,m., air, demeanor;aires,plur., air.aislamiento,m., isolation.ajo,m., garlic.ajorca,f., bracelet.ajuar,m., furnishings.al=á+el.ala,f., wing; brim (of hat);de anchas alas, broad-brimmed.alabar, to praise.álamo,m., poplar, cottonwood.alargar, to hold out.alarmante, alarming.alba,f., dawn.Alba,f.(prop. noun).albarda,f., pack-saddle.albóndiga,f., round croquette, "rolly-poly."albondiguilla,f.(dim. ofalbóndiga), little rolly-poly.alborada,f., light of dawn, dawn.alborotadico -a(dim. ofalborotado), rather (orsomewhat) excited.alborotar, to disturb, excite, throw into excitement, upset.alboroto,m., uproar, noisy confusion.alborozado -a, joyful, exulting.álbum,m., album.alcaide,m., governor of a castle.Alcalá(prop. noun).alcalde,m., justice of the peace.alcanzar, to reach, overtake, obtain, be enough;alcanzar á hacer una cosa, to succeed in doing something.alcaraván,m., bittern.alcoba,f., bedroom (usually analcove-bedroom).aldabonazo,m., knock (with the"knocker,"aldaba).aldea,f., village.alegrar, to make merry, gladden;alegrarse(de), to be glad (of), rejoice (at).alegre, joyful, happy, lively, pleasant.alegremente, joyfully, happily.alegría,f., joy, merriment, cheerfulness.alejarse, to go away.alentar(ie), to animate, give courage.aletargado -a(past part. ofaletargar), in a lethargy.aleteo,m., sound of wings.alfombra,f., carpet, carpeting.Alfonso,m.(prop. noun), Alphonso.alforja,f., saddle-bag (thealforjasare open in the middle and closed at both ends, so as to form two sacks, one on either side of the horse, mule or donkey).algarabía,f., chatter, prattle.algazara,f., hubbub.algo, anything, something, somewhat.alguien, some one, any one.algun(o) -a, some, any; some one, any one.alhaja,f., jewel, treasure.aliento,m., breath, encouragement.aligerar, to lighten;muy aligerado, much lighter.alimaña,f., beast of prey.alimentar, to feed.alimento,m., food, nourishment.alinear, to be in line.alma,f., soul.almacén,m., store, warehouse.almanaque,m., almanac.almanaquista,m. and f., weather-prophet, maker of almanacs.almena,f., crenelated battlement (consisting of alternate closed and open spaces).almohada,f., pillow.almohadita,f., (dim. ofalmohada), little pillow.almohadón,m.(aug. ofalmohada), cushion.almorzar(ue), to breakfast, eat breakfast.alondra,f., lark.alquilar, to hire, rent.alquiler,m., rent.alrededor de, around, about;á su alrededor,oralrededor suyo, about one.altar,m., altar;altar mayor, high altar.alteración,f., change, alteration.alterado -a(past part. ofalterar), changed, passionate.alternativamente, alternately.altivo -a, lofty.alto -a, high, lofty, tall, deep (silence);hacer alto, to halt, stop.altura,f., height, altitude, heaven;á poca altura de, a little above.alumbrar, to light.alusión,f., allusion.Alvar(prop. noun).alzacuello,m., collar (of a priest).alzar, to raise, lift up;alzarse, to arise.allá, there, thither, back there;más allá, farther on;más allá de, beyond.allanar, to level.allí, there;por allí, over there.amadísimo -a(superl. absol. ofamado), beloved.amado -a,m. and f., (past part. ofamar), beloved, sweetheart.amanecer, to dawn, be ... at dawn;el amanecer, the dawn;al amanecer, at dawn.amante,m. and f., lover.amar, to love.amargo -a, bitter.amarguísimamente(superl. absol. adv. ofamargo), very bitterly.amarillo -a, yellow.ambiciosillo -a(dim. ofambicioso), somewhat ambitious.ambiente,m.air.ámbito,m., space, extent.ambos,-as, both.amén de, besides.amenazador,-ora, threatening, menacing.amenazar, to threaten, menace.ameno -a, pleasant.América,f., (prop. noun), America.americano -a, American.amigo -a,m. and f., friend;amigo de, fond of.amistad,f., friendship.amo -a,m. and f., master, mistress;ama de llaves, housekeeper.amodorrado -a(past part. ofamodorrar), in a stupor.amonestar, to admonish.amor,m., love;amores,plur., love, love affair;Amores, love, darling;amor propio, self-love, conceit.amorosamente, lovingly.amoroso -a, loving;amorosas relaciones, love affair.amostazar, to exasperate.amparo,m., protection, aid.amplio -a, ample, broad.amueblar, to furnish.Ana,f.(prop. noun), Anna.anciano -a, aged, old, ancient.ancho -a, broad, wide, big, puffed-up, vain.anchura,f., width.anchuroso -a, spacious.Andalucía,f.(prop. noun), Andalusia.andaluz,-uza, Andalusian.andar, to go, walk, run (as a machine, watch, etc.), be;andar por, to move over;andar á hacer una cosa, to go and do something;¡anda!go on!;vamos andando, let us be going.andén,m., railway platform.anduve,anduviste,anduvo,etc.,pret. ind. ofandar.anduvieraandanduviese,imp. subjs. ofandar.anea,f., cattail (a tall rush or flag, with long, flat leaves, used for mats, chair-seats, or thatching roofs).ángel,m., angel;ángel de su guarda, guardian angel.angelical, angelic.angelito,m.(dim. ofángel), little angel.angosto -a, narrow.anguila,f., eel.ángulo,m., angle.angustia,f., anguish;angustias,plur., anguish.angustiado -a(past part. ofangustiar), distressed, afflicted.angustioso -a, distressing, full of anguish.anhelar, to desire anxiously.anillo,m., ring;anillo de diamantes, diamond ring.animal,m., animal, brute.animal, animal-like, brutish.animalejo,m.(deprec. ofanimal), (wretched) little animal.animalito,m.(dim. ofanimal), little animal.animar, to give life to, animate;animarse, to revive, take courage.ánimo,m., mind, intention.anoche, last night.anochecer, to grow dark.anonadamiento,m., nothingness, annihilation.ansia,f.,oransias,plur., desire, eagerness;con ansia, eagerly.ansiedad,f., anxiety.ante, before, in the presence of.anteceder, to precede.anterior, anterior, former;en la noche anterior, the night before.antes, before, first, formerly, ago, rather;antes de,antes (de) que, before;antes bien, rather;cuanto antes, as soon as possible.antiguo -a, old, ancient.antiquísimo -a(fromantiguo), most ancient, very old.antojarse, to long for, desire;se me antoja, I take a notion (to), I desire (to).Antonio,m.(prop. noun), Anthony.Antúnez(prop. noun).anudar, to knot.anunciar, to announce.anzuelo,m., hook.añadir, to add.añejo -a, old (wines).año,m., year.apacible, peaceful.apagado -a(past part. ofapagar), faint.apagar, to put out (the light, fire, etc.), dull;apagarse, to go out, be extinguished.apalear, to beat (with a "stick,"palo).aparecer, to appear.aparejo,m., tackle.aparición,f., appearance.apartado -a(past part. ofapartar), at a distance, secluded, isolated.apartar, to withdraw, turn away;¡aparta!begone!apasionado -a(past part. ofapasionar), passionate.apenas, scarcely, as soon as.apercibirse(de), to perceive.apero,m., (farm) implement, tool.apetecer, to desire.apetito,m., appetite.apetitoso -a, appetizing.apiñado -a(past part. ofapiñar), crowded, in abundance.aplastar, to crush.aplicar, to apply, direct, use (diligently), strain.apoderarse, to take possession.aportar, to land, come.apoyar, to support, rest;apoyarse(en), to rest (against), lean (on);apoyado en, resting on.aprender, to learn;aprenderse de memoria, to learn by heart, commit to memory.aprendiz,-iza,m. and f., apprentice, tyro.apresuradamente, hurriedly.apresurar(se), to hasten, make haste.apretar(ie), to press, clasp, drive, lay hold;el calor apretaba de firme, the heat was excessive.aprisa, fast, quickly.aprovechar, to make use of, profit by, enjoy.aproximar, to bring near;aproximarse, to approach, come near.apuesto -a, comely, spruce.apuntar, to aim, appear.apurar, to consume, finish.apuro,m., want, emergency.aquel,aquella,-o, that;aquél,aquélla, that one, the former.aquello:seeaquel.aquí, here, now;aquí mismo, right here;por aquí, over here, this way.ara,f., altar.árabe, Arabic.arañar, to scratch.árbol,m., tree.arbolado,m., trees.arcada,f., arcade, series of arches.arcángel,m., archangel.arco,m., bow.Arcos(prop. noun).archi-guasón,m., arch-joker, great joker.arder, to burn.ardid,m., stratagem.ardiente, burning, hot.ardor,m., heat.arena,f., sand.argentar, to whiten (like silver).arma,f., weapon, arm.Armando,m.(prop. noun).armar, to arm, make (a noise);armar de, to arm with.armario,m., clothes-press, side-board;armario de espejo, clothes-press with a mirror.armonía,f., harmony.armonioso -a, harmonious, musical.aro,m., hoop.aroma,m., aroma, perfume.arquitecto -a,m. and f., architect.arrancar, to pull off (orout), tear off (orout), snatch away;arrancar una carcajada, to make one laugh loudly.arrasado en(past part. ofarrasar), filled with.arrastrar, to drag (orcarry) along;arrastrarse, to crawl, be induced;arrastrarse por, to crawl over.¡arre!get up!arrear, to drive (an animal), make go.arrebatar(á) to snatch (from).arrebujar, to wrap up.arrecife,m., reef (of rocks).arreglar, to arrange, regulate, attend to;arreglarse, to come to an understanding.arrendador,-ora,m. and f., landlord, landlady.arrepentirse(ie), to repent.arriba, above, up, upstairs;¡arriba!up! get up!;río arriba, up the river.arrimar(á), to place near;arrimarse(á), to lean against.arroba,f., =25 pounds (dry measure),or4-1/4 gallons (liquid measure).arrobo,m., delight, exstasy.arrodillarse, to kneel;arrodillado -a, on one's knees, kneeling.arrojar, to throw (at), throw out, utter;arrojarse de, to jump out of.arrollar(por), to wrap (about).arropar, to cover (with clothing or bedding).arrostrar, to face.arruinar, to ruin, break down.arrullar, to lull to sleep.arte,m. or f., art.articular, to utter, articulate.artillería,f., artillery;tercero de artillería, third regiment of artillery.artista,m., artist.artístico -a, artistic.arzobispo,m., archbishop.asalto,m., assault.ascensión,f., ascent, ascension;día de la Ascensión, Ascension Day (the day on which is commemorated our Savior's ascension into heaven after his resurrection;—called alsoHoly Thursday.It is the fortieth day after Easter).ascua,f.:ascua de fuego, red-hot coal.aseadamente, neatly.aseado -a(past part. ofasear), neat, tidy.asediar, to besiege.asegurar, to assure, be sure, assert.asentarse(ie), to sit, be situated.aseo,m., cleanliness.asesinar, to murder, assassinate.asesinato,m., murder, assassination.asesino -a,m. and f., assassin.asfixiar, to suffocate, asphyxiate.así, so, thus, therefore;así+past subjunctive=would that ...;así como, just as, as well as, both ... and;así que, as soon as, so that.asiento,m., seat, dignity;tomar asiento, to take a seat.asilo,m., asylum, shelter, resting-place.asimismo, likewise.asirse á, to seize, catch hold of.asistir, to help, attend, be with.asociarse, to combine, form a partnership.asomar, to show, appear;asomarse, to show one's self, peer;asomarse á la ventana, to look out of the window.asombrado -a(past part. ofasombrar), in wonder, in amazement.asombro,m., amazement;con asombro de, to the amazement of.áspero -a, rough, rugged.aspirar, to breathe in.astrónomo,m., astronomer.astuto -a, astute, cunning.Asunción,f.(prop. noun), Assumption (an abbreviation ofMaría de la Asunción.Colloquial forms areChonchaandChonchita).asunto,m., affair, business affair.asustar, to frighten;asustarse, to be frightened.atacar, to attack;atacado de, attacked by.atajo,m., short-cut, cut-off.ataque,m., attack.atar, to bind, tie.ataúd,m., coffin.atención,f., attention;llamar la atención, to attract the attention.atender(ie), to heed, pay attention, provide.atentamente, attentively, fixedly.atento -a, attentive.atmósfera,f., atmosphere.atolondrar, to stun, drive one wild.atónito -a, amazed.atraer, to draw, attract.atraje,-iste,-o,etc.,pret. ind. ofatraer.atrapar, to catch, overtake.atrás, behind, back;hacia atrás, back.atravesar(ie), to cross, pass through;atravesado en medio de, right across.atreverse, to dare.atribuir, to attribute.atribuyó,pret. ind., 3d pers. sing., ofatribuir.atropellar, to force one's way through;atropellarse, to rush in a crowd.atrozmente, atrociously, frightfully.aturdimiento,m., bewilderment, confusion.aturdir, to stun.audacia,f., boldness, audacity.aullar, to howl.aumento,m., increase.aun,oraún, yet, still, even;ni aun, not even.aunque, although, even if;ni aunque, not even if.aura,f., breeze;aura de la mañana, morning breeze.aurora,f., rosy light of dawn, dawn.ausencia,f., absence.ausentarse, to absent one's self, stay away.autor,m., author.autoridad,f., authority, authorities.autorización,f., authorization.autorizar, to authorize.auxilio,m., help, aid;en mi auxilio, to my aid.avanzar, to advance.avasallar, to subdue, overpower.ave,f., bird, fowl.aventajado -a(past part. ofaventajar), proficient.aventajar(á), to have the advantage (over), surpass.aventura,f., adventure.averiguación,f., enquiry, investigation.avidez,f., eagerness.Ávila,f.(prop. noun).avíos de lavarse, toilet articles.avisar, to advise, inform, give warning of.aviso,m., notice, warning,advice;campana de aviso, warning bell.¡ay!alas! dear me!;ayes,m. plur., lamentations.ayer, yesterday.ayuda,f., aid;ayuda,m., assistant;ayuda de cámara, body servant, valet.ayudar, to help, aid.ayunar, to fast.azahar,m., orange (orlemon) blossom.azorado -a, (past part. ofazorar), abashed, confused.azúcar,m., sugar.azucena,f., white lily.azul, blue.Bb(be),f., the letterb.babucha,f., slipper.bailar, to dance.bajar, to descend, come (orgo) down, fall, lower, bow (as the head);bajar por, to go down.bajo -a, low, (of the head) bowed.bajo, under, beneath.bala,f., bullet.balbucear, to stammer.balcón,m., balcony.bálsamo,m., balsam, balm.ballena,f., whale.banco,m., bench.bañar, to bathe.barajar, to shuffle (the cards), send one shuffling;con él se las sabe barajar, can send him shuffling.barato -a, cheap.baraúnda,f., big noise, hurly-burly.barba,f., chin, beard.Bárbara,f., (prop. noun).bárbaramente, barbarously.barbaridad,f., barbarous expression.bárbaro -a, barbarous.barbo,m., barbel (a large fresh-water fish).Barcelona,f.(prop. noun), Barcelona (a large city in Spain, and the capital of Catalonia[Cataluña]:it is on the eastern coast).barco,m., boat.barranco,m., ravine, canyon.barrio,m., (city) ward, suburb;barrios bajos, slums.barro,m., clay, earthenware.barrunto,m., sign.Bartolo,m.(prop. noun: a colloquial form ofBartolomé), Bartholemew.base,f., base.bastante, enough, sufficient, some.bastar, to be enough, suffice;¡basta!enough!bastón,m., stick, cane.baúl,m., trunk.bautizar, to baptize.bautizo,m., baptism.bayoneta,f., bayonet;á la bayoneta, with the bayonet.beber, to drink.belfo,m., under-lip (of a horse).Bélgica,f.(prop. noun), Belgium.belleza,f., beauty.bello -a, beautiful.bellota,f., acorn.bendecir, to bless.bendición,f., blessing, benediction.bendije,-iste,-o,etc.,pret. ind. ofbendecir.bendito -a(irreg. past part. ofbendecir), blessed;¡bendito seas!God bless you!benemérito -a, worthy, well-deserving.benignidad,f., benignity, kindness.Berbería,f.(prop. noun), Barbary.bergante,m., villain.berrinche,m., passion;coger berrinche, to fly into a passion.besar, to kiss.beso,m., kiss.bestia,f., animal, beast.Betis,m.(prop. noun: ancient name of the Guadalquivir river).bien,m., welfare, property;con bien, safely;hombre de bien, honest man.bien, well, indeed;estar bien,encontrarse bien, to be comfortable;antes bien, rather;bien que, although;más bien que, rather than.bienaventurado -a, blessed.bienestar,m., well-being, joy.bienhechor,-ora, beneficent.billete,m., ticket;billete de primera,segunda,tercera(clase), first-class, second-class, third-class ticket.bizcocho,m., biscuit.blanco -a, white.blandir, to wave.blando -a, soft, gentle.blanquear, to whiten, whitewash.blanquecino -a(fromblanco), whitish.bobo -a,m. and f., fool.bobo -a, foolish.boca,f., mouth;hacer boca, to give one an appetite.bocaza,f.(aug. ofboca), large mouth.boda,f., marriage.bodega,f., wine cellar.bofetada,f., slap.bolsa,f., purse, pocketbook.bolsillo,m., purse, pocket.bomba,f., bomb-shell.bondad,f., goodness, kindness.bondadoso -a, kindly.bonito -a, pretty, fine (used ironically).bono,m., bond.borbotón,m., jet;arrojado á borbotones, gushing out.borde,m., edge.borracho -a,m. and f., drunkard.borrico -a(dim. ofburro), little ass, little donkey;¡arre, borrico!get up there, you donkey (burro)!bosque,m., wood, forest.bostezar, to yawn.bota,f., boot.botánica,f., botany.botella,f., bottle.botín,m., booty.botón,m., button.bóveda,f., arched roof, vault.bracero,m.:de bracero, arm in arm.bramar(de), to roar (with).brazo,m., arm;al brazo, on his (her) arm.bregar, to struggle.breve, short, brief;breves instantes, a few moments.brillante, bright, brilliant.brillar, to shine, shine forth.brincar, to bound, jump.brinco,m., leap, jump;dando brincos, jumping up and down.brío,m., force, spirit.Briviesca,f.(prop. noun: town in the province of Burgos).broma,f., joke.brotar, to burst forth.bruscamente, abruptly, roughly.buenamente, really.bueno -a, good;¡bueno!good! well!;estar bueno, to be well;en buen(a) hora, very well.bufido,m., puffing, blowing.bulto,m., bundle.buque,m., ship.burla,f., mockery, scorn, trick;hacer burla de, to make fun of.burlarse de, to mock, make fun of.burlesco -a, mocking.burro -a,m. and f., ass, donkey.