Sorex vagrans longicaudaMerriamSorex obscurus longicaudaMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:74, December 31, 1895.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 74711, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on September 9, 1895 by C. P. Streator, from Wrangell, Alaska.Range.—The British Columbian and Alaskan coasts from Rivers Inlet north to near Juneau and also certain islands including Etolin, Gravina, Revillagigedo, Sergeif, and Wrangell.Diagnosis.—Size medium for the species, tail relatively long; average and extreme measurements of 17 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 128.4 (122-138); tail, 57.8 (53-66); hind foot, 15.1 (14-16). Color dark in summer and winter.Comparisons.—For comparison withS. v. setosussee account of that subspecies. Larger and darker thanS. v. obscuruswith which it intergrades east of the humid coastal region; larger and darker thanS. v. alascensiswith whichit intergrades in the Lynn Canal area; larger and darker thanS. v. calvertensiswhich occurs on Calvert Island and Banks Island, British Columbia; differs fromS. v. insularisof Smythe, Townsend, and Reginald islands in larger size and blackish rather than brown winter pelage; larger and relatively longer-tailed thanS. v. elassodonwhich occurs on most of the islands west of the range oflongicauda; larger and relatively longer-tailed thanS. v. isolatus.Specimens examined.—Total number, 151.Alaska: Wrangell, 54 BS; 8 AMNH; Crittenden Creek, 1 BS; Ketchikan, 2 BS; Loring, 11 BS.British Columbia: Port Simpson, 25 BS; Inverness, 15 BS; head of Rivers Inlet, 35 BS.Marginal Records.—British Columbia: Great Glacier, Stikine River (Jackson, 1928:133).Alaska: Burroughs Bay (ibid.).British Columbia: Bella Coola region (Anderson, 1947:19); head of Rivers Inlet; Spider Island (Cowan, 1941:101); Goose Island (Cowan, 1941:99); Princess Royal Island (Cowan, 1941:98); Pitt Island (ibid.); Metlakatla (Jackson, 1928:133); Port Simpson.Alaska: Gravina Island (ibid.); Helm Bay (ibid.); Etolin Island (ibid.); Sergeif Island, mouth of Stikine River (ibid.); Sumdum Village (ibid.); Port Snettisham (ibid.).Sorex vagrans mixtusHallSorex obscurus mixtusHall, American Nat., 72:462, September 10, 1938.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 70376, Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 4, 1936, by R. A. Cumming, from Vanada, Texada Island, Georgia Strait, British Columbia.Range.—Known only from the type locality.Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 5 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 111 (108-117); tail, 48 (44-49); hind foot, 12 (12-13) (Hall, 1938:463).Comparisons.—Color much as inS. v. setosusorS. v. isolatus; palate longer than that ofisolatusorsetosus; hind foot shorter than either; smaller thanS. v. longicauda.Sorex vagrans isolatusJacksonSorex obscurus isolatusJackson, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 12:263, June 14, 1922.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 177719, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on May 21, 1911, by Alexander Wetmore from mouth of Millstone Creek, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.Range.—Vancouver Island.Diagnosis.—Size medium; measurements of two from the type locality are: total length, 113, 118; tail, 48, 49; hind foot, 14, 14. Dark in summer and winter, underparts brownish.Comparisons.—Smaller thanS. v. setosusbut color much the same; resemblesS. v. obscurusin size and cranial characters but darker in all pelages; similar in color toS. v. vancouverensiswith whichisolatusis sympatric but with longer tail, longer hind feet, broader rostrum and larger teeth. For comparison withS. v. mixtussee account of that subspecies.Remarks.—S. v. isolatusandS. v. vancouverensisseemingly approach oneanother morphologically more closely than do any other pair of sympatric subspecies ofSorex vagrans. The exceptions may beS. v. vagransandS. v. obscuruswhich are geographically sympatric in a few places although they may be ecologically separated.Specimens examined.—Total number, 9.British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Nanaimo, 3 BS; Barclay Sound, 1 AMNH; Goldstream, 5 BS.Marginal Records.—British Columbia, Vancouver Island. (Anderson, 1947:19): Cape Scott; Victoria.Sorex vagrans insularisCowanSorex obscurus insularisCowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54:103, July 31, 1941.Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 3110, Prov. Mus. British Columbia; obtained on August 24, 1938, by T. T. and E. B. McCabe from Smythe Island, Bardswell Group, British Columbia.Range.—Smythe, Townsend, and Reginald islands, British Columbia.Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 50 specimens from within the range of the subspecies are: total length, 122.3 (111-134); tail 52.6 (46-58); hind foot, 14.6 (13-15) (Cowan, 1941:107).Comparisons.—Smaller externally and cranially thanS. v. longicaudaand brown instead of blackish or grayish in winter pelage. Skull broader than that ofS. v. calvertensisand color brown rather than blackish or grayish in winter pelage.Remarks.—S. v. insularisoccurs together withS. cinereuson Townsend and Smythe islands.S. vagransfar outnumbered the cinereus shrew (Cowan, 1941:96).Records of occurrence.—British Columbia(Cowan, 1941:104): Smythe Island, Townsend Island, Reginald Island.Sorex vagrans calvertensisCowanSorex obscurus calvertensisCowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54:103, July 31, 1941.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 1947, Prov. Mus. British Columbia; obtained on July 14, 1937, by T. T. and E. T. McCabe from Safety Cove, Calvert Island, British Columbia.Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 13 specimens from Calvert Island are: total length, 121.6 (109-129); tail, 54.0 (52-58); hind foot, 14.7 (13-15) (Cowan, 1941:106). Blackish or grayish in winter pelage.Comparisons.—Smaller externally and cranially and paler in winter and summer thanS. v. longicauda; for comparisons withS. v. insularissee account of that subspecies.Remarks.—S. v. calvertensisseems to be the only shrew on Calvert and Banks islands.Records of occurrence.—British Columbia(Cowan, 1941:103): Safety Cove, Calvert Island; Larson Harbor, Banks Island.Marginal Records.—British Columbia: Larson Harbor, Banks Island; type locality.Sorex vagrans malitiosusJacksonSorex obscurus malitiosusJackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 32:23, April 11, 1919.Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 8401; Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 21, 1909, by H. S. Swarth from east side of Warren Island, Alaska.Range.—Warren and Coronation islands, Alaska.Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 5 topotypes are: total length, 129.8 (126-135); tail, 56.4 (53-61); hind foot, 15.4 (15-16). Color brownish in summer, brownish rather than blackish in winter.Comparisons.—Somewhat more brownish thanS. v. longicaudabut resembling it in size; skull slightly more flattened and rostrum broader. Larger thanS. v. elassodon. Larger and relatively longer-tailed thanS. v. alascensis.Records of occurrence.—Alaska(Jackson, 1928:130): Warren Island; Coronation Island.Sorex vagrans elassodonOsgoodSorex longicauda elassodonOsgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:35, September 26, 1901.Sorex obscurus elassodon, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 105, zool. ser. 6:450, 1905.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100597, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on June 13, 1900, by W. H. Osgood from Cumshewa Inlet, near old Indian village of Clew, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.Range.—Alaskan and British Columbian islands from Admiralty Island south to Moresby Island.Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 4 from the type locality are: total length, 126, (119-131); tail, 53.5 (52-55); hind foot, 13.8 (13-14). Color dark.Fig. 17.Probable geographic ranges of the subspecies ofSorex vagranson the coast of British Columbia and southeastern Alaska.1.Sorex vagrans malitiosus2.Sorex vagrans elassodon3.Sorex vagrans prevostensis4.Sorex vagrans calvertensis5.Sorex vagrans insularis6.Sorex vagrans longicauda7.Sorex vagrans obscurusComparisons.—Smaller with relatively smaller tail and hind feet thanS. v. longicauda, but resembling it in color. Smaller and paler thanS. v. prevostensiswith relatively narrower rostrum. Larger, darker, and with relatively longer tail thanS. v. obscurus. ResemblesS. v. alascensisbut hind foot smaller and skull relatively narrower. Smaller thanS. v. malitiosus.Remarks.—In the northern part of its rangeS. v. elassodonoccurs withSorex cinereus. In the southern part it is the only shrew present.Specimens examined.—Total number 93.Alaska: near Killisnoo, Admiralty Island, 2 BS; Kupreanof Island, 15 BS; Petersburg, Mitkof Island, 10 BS; Woewodski Island, 4 AMNH; Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, 18 BS.British Columbia: Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, 25 BS; Massett, Graham Island, 6 BS; Queen Charlotte Islands, 13 AMNH.Marginal Records.—Alaska: Hawk Inlet, Admiralty Island (Jackson, 1928:131); Kupreanof Island; Mitkof Island; St. John Harbor, Zarembo Island (Jackson, 1928:131); Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island; Duke Island (Jackson, 1928:131).British Columbia: Massett, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands; type locality; Langara Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (Jackson, 1928:131).Alaska: Forrester Island (ibid.); Rocky Bay, Dall Island (ibid.); Shakan (really on Kosciusko Island) (ibid.); Point Baker (ibid.); Kuiu Island (ibid.); Port Conclusion, Baranof Island (ibid.).Sorex vagrans prevostensisOsgoodSorex longicauda prevostensisOsgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:35, September 26, 1901.Sorex obscurus prevostensis, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 105, zool. ser. 6:450, 1905.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100618, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 3, 1900, by W. H. Osgood from north end of Prevost Island (Kunghit Island on some maps) on coast of Houston Stewart Channel, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.Range.—Known only from the type locality.Diagnosis.—Size medium; measurements of two specimens from the type locality are: total length, 132, 142; tail, 53, 59; hind foot, 14, 15. Color dark.Comparisons.—Larger and darker thanS. v. elassodon. ResemblesS. v. longicaudabut darker, tail relatively somewhat shorter on the average and rostrum relatively slightly broader.Specimens examined.—Total number, 14.British Columbia: Prevost Island, Queen Charlotte Group, 14 BS.Sorex vagrans alascensisMerriamSorex obscurus alascensisMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76, December 31, 1895.Sorex glacialisMerriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:16, March 14, 1900, type from Point Gustavus, east side of entrance to Glacier Bay, Alaska.S[orex]. alascensis, Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900.[Sorex glacialis] alascensis, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 45, zool. ser. 2:372, 1901.Sorex alascensis alascensis, Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 79:16, December 31, 1912.Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 73539, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 10, 1895, by C. P. Streator from Yakutat, Alaska.Range.—The coast of southern Alaska from the vicinity of Juneau west to include eastern part of the Kenai Peninsula.Diagnosis.—Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 9 specimens from 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N of Haines, Alaska, are: total length, 110 (104-128); tail, 45.4 (41-52); hind foot, 14 (14-14). Color grayish brown.Comparisons.—For comparison withS. v. longicaudaandS. v. elassodonsee accounts of those subspecies. ResemblesS. v. obscurusin color but differs in larger skull, longer hind foot and in somewhat darker color. Larger and darker thanS. v. shumaginensis; the two intergrade near the base of the Kenai Peninsula.Remarks.—This subspecies is transitional between the large, usually dark subspecies of the southeastern Alaskan and British Columbian coast and islands, and the smaller, paler subspecies of western and interior Alaska. There seem to be no sharp breaks betweenalascensisandshumaginesis. North of Haines, Alaska, size of shrews decreases in a short distance across a narrow intergradational zone betweenalascensisandobscurus. Throughout most of its rangeS. v. alascensisoccurs withSorex cinereus.Specimens examined.—Total number, 88.Alaska: Orca, 1 BS; Montague Island, Prince William Sound, 2 BS; Yakutat, 8 BS; north shore Yakutat Bay, 2 BS; Yakutat Bay, 1 BS; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12 KU; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 10 KU; 7 mi. SSE Haines, 10 ft., 2 KU; N end Sullivan Island, 10 ft., 6 KU; SE end Sullivan Island, 10 ft., 2 KU; Glacier Bay, 3 BS; Mendenhall River, 1 BS; Juneau, 36 BS.British Columbia: Sheslay River, 1 AMNH; headwaters Sheslay River, 1 AMNH.Marginal Records.—Alaska: Valdez Narrows, Prince William Sound (Jackson, 1928:128); north shore Yakutat Bay; east side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines.British Columbia: Sheslay River (Jackson, 1928:128). ALASKA: Juneau; Glacier Bay; Montague Island, Prince William Sound (ibid.); Port Nell Juan (ibid.).Sorex vagrans shumaginensisMerriamSorex alascensis shumaginensisMerriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900.[Sorex glacialis]shumaginensis, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 45, zool. ser. 2:373, 1901.Sorex obscurus shumaginensis, Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:228, July 12, 1902.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 97993, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 17, 1899, by De Alton Saunders from Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, Alaska. (Measured by C. Hart Merriam and numbered 2210 in A. K. Fisher's catalog.)Range.—Southwestern Alaska from Seward Peninsula southeasterly to western part of Kenai Peninsula and southwesterly to the southwestern end of the Alaskan Peninsula.Diagnosis.—Size medium to small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 6 specimens from King Cove, Alaska, are: total length, 112.7 (107-118); tail, 48.3 (45-52); hind foot, 13.8 (13-14). Tending toward the development of a tricolor pattern, the back darkest, the sides buffy, and the venter paler.Comparisons.—Paler and more definitely tricolored thanS. v. obscurus; also with relatively shorter palate, narrower rostrum and smaller teeth. For comparison withS. v. alascensissee account of that subspecies.Remarks.—S. v. shumaginensisoccurs together withSorex cinereusover much of southwestern Alaska. Part of the range ofshumaginensisfalls within the tundra of the Arctic Life-zone. This may be a partial explanation of the tricolored pattern of the animal.Sorex tundrensis,S. cinereus ugyunak, andS. cinereus haydeni, shrews which dwell mostly in treeless areas, are markedly tricolored, or bicolored.Sorex arcticus, however, although tricolored, is found in forested areas.Specimens examined.—Total number, 340.Alaska: Sawtooth Mts., Nome River, 2 AMNH; Nulato, 5 BS; St. Michaels, 1 BS; Bethel, 7 BS; Aniak, 1 BS; Skeventna River, 1 BS; 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1 KU; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 1 KU; Tyonek River, 48 BS; Hope, 15 BS; Hope, Mts. near, 13 BS; Moose Camp, 3 AMNH; Kenai Peninsula, 24 AMNH; Kakwok River, 80 mi. up, 1 BS; Kakhtul River, 5 BS; Kakwok, 3 BS; Goodnews Bay, 1 BS; Lake Aleknagik, 6 BS; Nushagak River, 25 mi. above Nushagak, 1 BS; Dillingham, 1 BS; Nushagak Village, 15 BS; Homer, 1 AMNH; Kenai Mts., 37 AMNH; Seldovia, 24 AMNH; Barabor, 1 AMNH; Caribou Camp, 7 AMNH; Ugagik River, 3 BS; Becharof Lake, 8 BS; Cold Bay, 14 BS; Kanatak, Portgage Bay, 4 BS; Chignik, 6 BS; Moller Bay, 1 BS; Alaska Peninsula, near Popof Island, 6 AMNH; Frosty Peak, 15 BS; Morzhovoi Bay, 7 BS; Ungu Island, 3 BS; Sand Point, Popof Island, 45 AMNH; Popof Island, 3 BS.Marginal Records.—Alaska: Nome River; Nulato; Kuskokwim River, 200 mi. above Bethel, Crooked Creek (Jackson, 1928:126); 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake; Seldovia; mts. near Hope; Morhzovoi Bay; thence along coast to St. Michael.Sorex vagrans obscurusMerriamSorex vagrans similisMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5:34, July 31, 1891,nec. S. similisHensel, Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Geolog. Gesellsch., 7:459, 1855 (=Neomys similis).Sorex obscurusMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, 1895, new name forSorex vagrans similisMerriam.Sorex obscurus obscurus, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:15, December 31, 1912.Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 23525/30943, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on August 26, 1890, by Vernon Bailey and B. H. Dutcher from near Timber Creek, 8200 ft., Lemhi Mts., 10 mi. SSW Junction (now Leadore), Lemhi Co., Idaho.Range.—Mountainous interior of western North America from central Alaska east across Yukon and southwestern Northwest Territories to northeastern Alberta, south in the mountains through north-central and western Washington, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado, into northern New Mexico.Diagnosis.—Size medium to small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 9 topotypes are: total length, 110.3 (105-117); tail, 46.4 (42-50); hind foot, 13.1 (12.5-13.5). Color grayish or brownish gray in summer, light grayish in winter.Comparisons.—For comparisons withS. v. setosus,S. v. longicauda,S. v. alascensisandS. v. shumaginensissee accounts of those subspecies. Paler and slightly larger than S. v. soperi. Larger than the subspecies from central Montana herein described as new. Smaller thanS. v. neomexicanus. Averaging larger in all dimensions thanS. v. monticolawith whichobscurusintergrades in northern New Mexico and northern Arizona. Larger thanS. v. vagranswith more grayish rather than reddish fresh summer pelage and light gray rather than dark grayish-black fresh winter pelage.Remarks.—Intergradation ofS. v. obscuruswithS. v. setosus,S. v. longicauda,S. v. alascensis, and the new subspecies from Montana takes place in the usual way with specimens from intermediate localities being intermediate in size and color. However the relationship ofS. v. obscurusandS. v. vagrans(as the latter subspecies is defined in this study) is rather complicated. In southern British Columbia where the two subspecies come together a situation of remarkable complexity prevails. Series from some localities seem to represent intergrades betweenobscurusandvagrans; from other localities some specimens seem to be referable to one and some to the other subspecies; from other localities all specimens seem referable to one subspecies. A similar situation is seen in specimens from northeastern Washington, northern and central Idaho, and extreme western Montana. The region mentioned is one of extensive interfingering of life-zones. In southern British Columbia the main axes of the rivers, valleys and mountain ranges are north and south. Most of the valleys are in the Transition Life-zone; the forests are rather dry and of pine with more or less isolated hydrosere communities about streams and ponds. These hydrosere situations are the habitat ofSorex vagrans. Shrews from these situations are usually referable tovagrans. The high ridges and mountain ranges are usually in the Canadian Life-zone or higher and most of the shrews referable toobscuruscome from such places. Marginal localities with regard to life-zone produce most of the populations which seem to represent intergrades between the two subspecies. Isolated areas of Canadian Life-zone, even though surrounded with Transition Life-zone, often harbor a population ofobscurus, whereas the streams in the nearby dry valleys harbor populations ofvagrans. Farther south in the Rocky Mountain chain,obscurusseemingly intergrades regularly withvagrans. This intergradation is seen in populations from several localities in Utah. There the lower elevations west of the Wasatch and Uinta mountains are inhabited byS. v. vagrans, the higher elevations byobscurusand where the ranges of the two abut intergrading populations occur. In these series of intergrades there are specimens which, using size as a subspecific criterion, would unhesitatingly be assigned, as individuals, toobscurus, and others would be assigned tovagrans, but these individuals represent extremes of a normally variable population. At Cuddy Mountain, Idaho, the two subspecies seemingly abut without intergradation; anyhow the available specimens from this locality are referable to one or the other subspecies and noneis intermediate. The situation just described understandably has been the source of much anguish to students who sought to identify shrews from the Rocky Mountains. The reason for the relationship just described has been discussed at length in a previous section.In the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado the subspeciesS. v. obscurusranges almost uninterruptedly over relatively large areas, but southward in New Mexico and southwestward into Utah and Arizona, suitable boreal habitat becomes insular in nature and obscurus there is confined to the higher mountains. With one exception, once the shrew populations become 'insular' in this region they become smaller and show intergradation withSorex vagrans monticola. The exception is the population in the Sacramento Mountains of southeastern New Mexico which is larger thanobscurusand has been rightly recognized as a distinct subspecies,neomexicanus.Almost without exception the range of typicalSorex vagrans obscurusis sympatric with that ofSorex cinereus, usually the subspeciesS. c. cinereus. So close is this correspondence that the presence ofS. cinereuscomes near to being a useful aid in identifyingS. v. obscurus. In areas where individuals ofobscurusshow intergradation withvagrans,Sorex cinereusis absent or rare. The implication is that as the speciesS. vagransapproaches the size of the species S. cinereus, competition between the two increases with resultant displacement ofcinereus.Specimens examined.—Total number, 982.Alaska: Wahoo Lake, 69° 08' N, 146° 58' W, 2350 ft., 2 KU; Chandler Lake, 68° 12' N, 152° 45' W, 2900 ft., 1 KU; Bettles, 1 KU, 5 BS; Alatna, 1 BS; Yukon River, 20 mi. above Circle, 1 BS; Tanana, 1 BS; Mountains near Eagle, 18 BS; Richardson, 8 BS; head of Toklat River, 11 BS; Savage River, 8 BS.Yukon: MacMillan Pass, Mile 282, Canol Road, 1 NMC; MacMillan River, Mile 249, Canol Road, 1 NMC; S. fork MacMillan River, Mile 249, Canol Road, 2 NMC; Sheldon Lake, Mile 222, Canol Road, 5 NMC; Rose River, Mile 95, Canol Road, 1 NMC; McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 2250 ft. 1 KU; Nisutlin River, Mile 40, Canol Road, 6 NMC; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2 KU; 3 mi. E and 1½ mi. S Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1 KU.Mackenzie: Nahanni River Mtns., Mackenzie River, 1 BS; Fort Simpson, 3 BS; Fort Resolution, Mission Island, 1 BS.British Columbia: W. side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 1 KU; Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4 KU; Bennett City, 6 BS; Wilson Creek, Atlin, 1 PMBC; McDame Post, Dease River, 6 BS; McDame Creek, 3 BS; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1 KU; NW side Muncho Lake, 1 KU; Little Tahtlan River, 1 AMNH; Junction (4 mi. N Telegraph Creek), 7 BS; Raspberry Creek, 16 AMNH; Klappan River Valley, 1 BS; Chapa-atan River, 4 BS; Fort Grahame, 3 BS; Kispiox Valley, 23 mi. N Hazleton, 1 BS; Bear Lake, site of Fort Connully, 2 BS; Tetana Lake, 1 PMBC; Hudson Hope, 2 BS; Charlie Lake, 3 PMBC; Babine Mts., 6 mi. N Babine Trail, 5200 ft., 1 BS; Big Salmon River (S branch near Canyon), 1 BS; Ootsa Lake, 2 PMBC; Indianpoint Lake, 4 PMBC; Barkerville, 7 BS; Yellowhead Lake, 2 NMC, 1PMBC; N. fork Moose River, 1 BS; Moose Lake, 2 BS; Moose Pass, 1 BS; Glacier, 7 AMNH, 12 BS; Golden, 1 BS; Field, 2 BS; Caribou Lake, near Kamloops, 2 BS; Sicamous, 1 BS; Monashee Pass, 4 PMBC; Paradise Mine, 3 PMBC; Level Mtn., 4 AMNH; 6 mi. S Nelson, 6 BS; Morrissey, 5 NMC; Wall Lake, 1 BS.Alberta: Hays Camp, Slave River, Wood Buffalo Park, 1 NMC; Kinuso, Assineau River, 1920 ft., 2 KU; Athabaska River, 30 mi. above Athabaska Landing, 8 BS; Smokey Valley, 50 mi. N Jasper House, 1 BS; Sulfur Prairie, Grande Cache River, 3 BS; Stoney River, 35 mi. N Jasper House, 1 BS; Moose Mtn., 1 NMC; Rodent Valley, 25 mi. W Henry House, 1 BS; Henry House, 3 BS; Jasper, 2 NMC; Shovel Pass, 4 NMC; mouth of Cavell Creek, Jasper Park, 1 NMC; 11 mi. S Henry House, 2 BS; 15 mi. S Henry House, 1 BS; Red Deer River, 1 AMNH; 27 mi. W Banff, 3 NMC; 12 mi. WNW Banff, 4500 ft., 1 NMC; N. Fork Saskatchewan River, 5000 ft., 1 NMC; Cypress Hills, 1 NMC; Waterton Lakes Park, 53 NMC.Saskatchewan: Cypress Hills, 21 NMC.Washington:Okanogan Co.: Pasayten River, 1 BS; Bauerman Ridge, 1 BS; Conconully, 2 BS.Pend Oreille Co.: 2 mi. N Gypsy Meadows, 2 WSC; Round Top Mtn., 1 WSC; head Pass Creek, 1.Chelan Co.: Stehekin, 4 BS; head Lake Chelan, 4 BS; Wenatchee, 1 BS.Kittitas Co.: Easton, 10 BS.Idaho:Boundary Co.: Cabinet Mtns., E Priest Lake, 2 BS.Adams Co.: ½ mi. E Black Lake, 1 KU; 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW slope Smith Mtn., 2 KU.Washington Co.: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft., 4 KU.Lemhi Co.: 10 mi. SSW Leadore (type locality), 4 BS; 5 FC.Fremont Co.: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 4 KU.Custer Co.: head Pahsimeroi River, Pahsimeroi Mtns., 1 BS.Blaine Co.: Perkins Lake, 1 KU.Bear Lake Co.:—Caribou Co.line: Preuss Mts., 1 BS.Montana:Glacier Co.: Sherburne Lake, 3 UM; 2½ mi. W and 1½ mi. S Babb, 1 KU; St. Mary's, 6 UM; St. Mary Lakes, 9 BS; Fish Creek, 2 BS; Gunsight Lake, 2 BS.Flathead Co.: Nyack, 3 UM, 1 BS; 1 mi. W and 2 mi. S Summit, 1 KU.Ravalli Co.: 8 mi. NE Stevensville, 3 BS; Sula, 1 BS.Meagher Co.: Big Belt Mtns., Camas Creek, 4 mi. S Fort Logan, 7 BS.Gallatin Co.: West Gallatin River, 4 BS.Park Co.: Emmigrant Gulch, 3 mi. SE Chico, 2 BS; Beartooth Mtns., 2 BS;Carbon Co.: Pryor Mtns., 2 BS.Wyoming:Yellowstone Nat'l Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 11 BS; Tower Falls, 1 BS; Astringent Creek, 1 BS; Flat Mtn., 1 BS; Yellowstone Park, 1 UM.Park Co.: Beartooth Lake, 15 BS; SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 1 KU; Pahaska Tepee, 6300 ft., 8 BS; Pahaska, mouth Grinnell Creek, 15 BS; Pahaska, Grinnell Creek, 7000-7500 ft., 18 BS; 25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 1 KU; Valley, Absaroka Mts., 14 BS; Needle Mtn., 2 BS.Big Horn Co.: 28 mi. E Lovell, 9000 ft., 12 KU; head Trapper's Creek, W slope Bighorn Mtns., 7 BS; 17½ mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 1 KU.Teton Co.: Two Ocean Lake, 6 FC; Emma Matilda Lake, 2 BS; 1 mi. N Moran, 1 FC; 2½ mi. E and ¼ mi. N Moran, 6230 ft., 2 KU; Moran, 7 FC, 1 KU; 2½ mi. E Moran, 6220 ft., 1 KU; 1 mi. S Moran, 1 FC; 3¾ mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, 9 KU; 7 mi. S Moran, 3 FC; Timbered Island, 14 mi. N Moose, 6750 ft., 3 KU; Bar BC Ranch, 2½ mi. NE Moose, 6500 ft., 1 KU; Beaver Dick Lake, 1 UM; Teton Mtns., Moose Creek, 6800 ft., 9 BS; Teton Mtns., S Moose Creek, 10,000 ft., 3 BS; Teton Pass, above Fish Creek, 7200 ft., 15 BS; Whetstone Creek, 4 UM; Flat Creek-Gravel Creek Divide, 2 UM; Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 1 UM; Jackson, 3 KU, 2 UM.Fremont Co.: Togwotee Pass, 5 FC; Jackey's Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois, 1 BS; Milford, 5400 ft., 2 KU; Mosquito Park R. S. 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1 KU; 17 mi. S and 6½ mi. W Lander, 9300 ft., 1 KU; Mocassin Lake, 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 10,000 ft., 1 KU; 23½ mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8600 ft., 1 KU; Green Mts., 8 mi. E Rongis, 8000 ft., 4 BS.Washakie Co.: 9 mi. E and 5 mi. N Tensleep, 7400 ft., 2 KU; 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7000 ft., 2 KU.Lincoln Co.: Salt River Mtns., 10 mi. SE Afton, 5 BS; Labarge Creek, 9000 ft., 1 BS.Sublette Co.: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8025 ft., 3 KU; Surveyor's Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale, 8000 ft., 2 BS; N. side Half Moon Lake, 7900 ft., 1 KU; 2½ mi. NE Pinedale, 7500 ft., 2 KU.Natrona Co.: Rattlesnake Mts., 7000-7500 ft., 18 BS; Casper Mts., 7 mi. S Casper, 6 BS.Converse Co.: 21½ mi. S and 24½ mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 7 KU; 22 mi. S and 24½ mi. WDouglas, 7600 ft., 4 KU; 22½ mi. S and 24½ mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 2 KU.Uinta Co.: 1 mi. N Fort Bridger, 6650 ft., 1 KU; Fort Bridger, 3 KU; Evanston, 1 BS; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8000 ft., 6 KU; 9 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8600 ft., 1 KU; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8700 ft., 3 KU; 10½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 8900 ft., 1 KU; 13 mi. S and 1 mi. E Robertson, 9000 ft., 1 KU; 13 mi. S and 2 mi E Robertson, 9200 ft., 1 KU.Carbon Co.: Ferris Mts., 7800 to 8500 ft., 13 BS; Shirley Mts., 7600 ft., 7 BS; Bridget's Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7500 ft., 2 KU; 10 mi. N and 12 mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 1 KU; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 6 KU; 9½ mi. N and 11½ mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 2 KU; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Encampment, 6500 ft., 1 KU; 9 mi. N and 8 mi. E Encampment, 7000 ft., 1 KU; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft., 3 KU; 8 mi. N and 14½ mi. E Encampment, 8100 ft., 2 KU; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 4 KU; 8 mi. N and 21½ mi. E Encampment, 9400 ft., 2 KU; S. base Bridger's Peak, 8800 ft., Sierra Madre Mts., 3 BS; 8 mi. N and 19½ mi. E Savery, 8800 ft., 2 KU; 7 mi. N and 17 mi. E Savery, 8300 ft., 1 KU; 6½ mi. N and 16 mi. E Savery, 8300 ft., 1 KU; 6 mi. N and 15 mi. E Savery, 8500 ft., 1 KU; 5 mi. N and 10½ mi. E Savery, 8000 ft., 2 KU; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8800 ft., 1 KU.Albany Co.: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft., 10 BS; Laramie Peak, N. slope, 8000 to 8800 ft., 7 BS; Bear Creek, 3 mi. SW Laramie Peak, 7500 ft., 6 BS; 2½ mi. ESE Brown's Peak, 10,500 ft., 2 KU; 3 mi. ESE Brown's Peak, 10,000 ft., 1 KU; 27 mi. N and 5 mi. E Laramie, 6960 ft., 2 KU; 1 mi. SSE Pole Mtn., 8350 ft., 3 KU; 2 mi. SW Pole Mtn., 3 KU; 3 mi. S Pole Mtn., 8100 ft., 2 KU; 8¾, mi. E and 6½ mi. S Laramie, 8200 ft., 2 KU; Woods P. O., 1 BS.Laramie Co.: 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 7200 ft., 2 KU.Utah:Weber Co.: Mt. Willard, Weber-Box Elder Co. line, 9768 ft., 2 UU.Salt Lake Co.: Butterfield Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8700 ft., 2 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8750 ft., 8 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 9000 ft., 2 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 9500 ft., 1 UU.Summit Co.: Jct. Bear River and East Fork, 2 CM; Smith and Morehouse Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 UU; Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft., 1 UU.Daggett Co.: Jct. Deep and Carter creeks, 7900 ft., 1 UU.Utah Co.: Nebo Mtn., 1 mi. E Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 1 UU; Nebo Mts., 12 mi. SE Payson Lake, 1 UU.Wasatch Co.: Current Creek, Uinta Mts., 1 BS; Wasatch Mts., 1 BS.Uintah Co.: Paradise Park, 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, Uinta Mts., 10,050 ft., 2 CM, 3 KU; Paradise Park, Uinta Mts., 10,100 ft., 6 UU.Sanpete Co.: Manti, 3 BS.Sevier Co.: 7 mi. Creek, 20 mi. SE Salina, 5 CM; Fish Lake Plateau, 2 BS.Emery Co.: Lake Creek, 11 mi. E Mt. Pleasant, 4 CM.Grand Co.: Warner R. S., La Sal Mts., 9750 ft., 2 UU; La Sal Mts., 11,000 ft., 1 BS.Beaver Co.: Puffer Lake, Beaver Mts., 2 BS.Wayne Co.: Elkhorn G. S., Fish Lake Plateau, 14 mi. N Torrey, 9400 ft., 3 UU.Garfield Co.: Wildcat R. S., Boulder Mtn., 8700 ft., 6 UU; 18 mi. N Escalante, 9500 ft., 1 UU.Washington Co.: Pine Valley Mts., 7 BS.San Juan Co.: Geyer Pass, 18 mi. SSE Moab, 3 CM; Cooley, 8 mi. W Monticello, 3 CM.Colorado:Larimer Co.: Poudre River, 1 KU.Rio Blanco Co.: 9½ mi. SW Pagoda Peak, 2 KU.Grand Co.: Arapaho Pass, Rabbit Ears Mts., 2 BS.Boulder Co.: Willow Park, Rocky Mtn. Nat'l Park, 8 UM; Longs Peak, 1 BS; ¾ mi. N and 2 mi. W Allenspark, 8400 ft., 5 KU; Ward, 9500 ft., 1 BS; Buchanan Pass, 1 BS; 3 mi. S Ward, 1 KU; 7 mi. NW Nederland, 1 KU; 5 mi. W Boulder, 3 BS; Boulder, 3 BS, 1 ChM; Nederland, 6 BS, 4 ChM; Eldora, 1 BS.Garfield Co.: Baxter Pass, 8500 ft., 2 BS.Eagle Co.: Gores Range, 1 BS.Gilpen Co.: Black Hawk, 1 BS.Lake Co.: 3 mi. W Twin Lakes, 2 KU; 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Leadville, 1 KU.Gunnison Co.: 2 mi. W Gothic, 2 FC; Copper Lake, 2 FC; Gothic, 1 FC.Chaffee Co.: St. Elmo, 10,100 ft., 2 BS; E side Monarch Pass, 7 mi. W Salida, 2 ChM.Teller Co.: Glen Core, Pikes Peak, 2 UM.El Paso Co.: Hunters Creek, a tributary of Bear Creek, 7250-7400 ft., 1 AMNH.Montrose Co.: Uncomphagre Plateau, 8500 ft., 3 BS.Saguache Co.: 3 mi. N and 16 mi. W Saguache, 8500 ft., 2 KU; Cochetopa Pass, 10,000 ft., 4 KU; Monshower Meadows, 27 mi. W Saguache, 2 BS.San Juan Co.: Silverton, 4 BS.Mineral Co.: 23 mi. S and 11 mi. E Creede, 1 KU.Costilla Co.: Fort Garland, 2 BS.Huerfano Co.: 5 mi. S and 1 mi. W Cuchara Camps, 8 KU.New Mexico:Taos Co.: 3 mi. N Red River, 2 BS; Taos, 1 BS.Colfax Co.: 1 mi. S and 2 mi. E Eagle Nest, 8100 ft., 2 KU.Sandoval Co.: Jemez Mts., 3 BS.Santa Fe Co.: Hyde Park, 5 mi. NE Santa Fe, 2 HC; Santa Fe Field Station, 1 HC; Santa Fe Ski Basin, 1 KU; Pecos Baldy, 4 BS.Torrance Co.: Manzano Mts., 2 BS.Marginal Records.—Alaska: Chandler Lake, 68° 12' N, 152° 45' W; Yukon River, 20 mi. above Circle; Mountains near Eagle.Mackenzie: Nahanni River Mts.; Fort Simpson; Fort Resolution, Mission Island.Alberta: Wood Buffalo Park; Athabaska River, 30 mi. above Athabaska Landing.Saskatchewan: Cypress Hills.Montana: St. Mary; 4 mi. S Fort Logan; Pryor Mts.Wyoming: 1 mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 27424 KU; Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek PO.Colorado: Boulder; Hunters Creek; 5 mi. S and 1 mi. W Cuchara Camps.New Mexico: 3 mi. N Red River, 10,700 ft.; Pecos Baldy; Manzano Mts.; Jemez Mts.Colorado: Navajo River (Jackson, 1928:120); Silverton.Utah: La Sal Mts., 11,000 ft.Colorado: Baxter Pass.Utah: junction Trout and Ashley Creeks, 9700 ft. (Durrant, 1952:35); Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft.; Mt. Baldy R. S. (Durrant, 1952:53); Wildcat R. S.; Pine Valley Mts.; Puffer Lake; Butterfield Canyon.Idaho: Preuss Mts.; 4 mi. S Trude (Davis, 1939:104); head Pahsimeroi River, Pahsimeroi Mts.; Perkins Lake; 1 mi. NE Heath; ½ mi. E Black Lake.Montana: Sula; 8 mi. NE Stevensville.Washington: head Pass Creek; Conconully; Wenatchee; Easton; Stehekin; Pasayten River.British Columbia: Second Summit, Skagit River, 5000 ft., (Jackson, 1928:120); Babine Mts., 6 mi. N Babine Trail, 5200 ft.; Hazleton (Jackson, 1928:120); 23 mi. N Hazleton; Flood Glacier, Stikine River (Jackson, 1928:120); Cheonee Mts. (ibid.); Level Mtn.; west side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake.Alaska: head Toklat River; Tanana; Alatna; Bettles.Sorex vagrans soperiAnderson and RandSorex obscurus soperiAnderson and Rand, Canadian Field-Nat., 59:47, October 16, 1945.Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 18249, Nat. Mus. Canada; obtained on September 21, 1940, by J. Dewey Soper, from 2½ mi. NW Lake Audy, Riding Mtn. Nat'l Park, Manitoba.Range.—Southwestern Manitoba to central Saskatchewan.Diagnosis.—Size medium to small for the species; measurements of type and two topotypes are: total length, 107, 108, 117; tail, 45, 45, 45; hind foot, 12.1, 12.3, 12.5. Color dark brownish or fuscous in summer pelage; winter pelage unknown.Comparison.—ResemblesS. v. obscurusin size; darker thanobscurusin summer pelage; cranium slightly higher and top more nearly flat; larger and darker in summer pelage than the new subspecies from central Montana.Remarks.—In their description of this subspecies Anderson and Rand pointed out that specimens from the type locality and from central Saskatchewan represent the dark extreme in a color cline which begins in south-central British Columbia with "pale, brownish-tinged animals." These authors referred shrews from Cypress Hills, southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta toS. o. soperi, although they noted that these specimens, taken by themselves, are not strikingly different fromS. o. obscurusfrom the Rocky Mountains. The specimens from the Cypress Hills were included insoperibecause the authors felt that the subspecific boundary should be drawn "where specimens average about half way between the extremes (of the cline) in characters."It is true, as Anderson and Rand say, that the shrews from Cypress Hills are hardly separable from those from, say, Waterton Lakes Park. The specimensfrom the Cypress Hills are noticeably different from specimens from the Okanagan area, but some of the latter, in my opinion may represent intergrades betweenS. v. obscurusand the more reddishS. v. vagransand are not, at any rate, typicalobscurus. In view of the similarity of shrews from Cypress Hills to typicalS. v. obscurusand since the Cypress Hills are much nearer to the range ofS. v. obscurusthan to the record-stations of occurrence in central Saskatchewan and Manitoba, I have chosen to restrict the namesoperito shrews from these latter two localities. SeeminglyS. vagransis absent from the plains separating the Cypress Hills from the Rocky Mountains and from Riding Mountain National Park.Specimens examined.—none.Marginal records.—Saskatchewan: Prince Albert National Park, 1700 ft. (Anderson and Rand, 1945:48).Manitoba: Riding Mountain National Park, 2½ mi. NW Audy Lake (ibid.).Sorex vagrans longiquusnew subspeciesType.—First year male, skin and skull; No. 87332, Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool.; obtained on July 21, 1942, by Emmet T. Hooper from 25 mi. ESE Big Sandy, Eagle Creek, Chouteau Co., Montana, original no. 2184.Range.—Central Montana; marginal localities are: Bearpaw Mts., Zortman, Big Snowy Mts., Buffalo, Little Belt Mts.Diagnosis.—Size small for the species; measurements of three topotypes are: total length, 101, 105, 108; tail, 39, 40, 42; hind foot, 11.5, 11.5, 12. Color pale; summer pelage: back near (17´´´k) Olive Brown but hairs of dorsum with a pale, buffy band proximal from the tips which imparts a pale over-all appearance; flanks near Wood Brown; underparts Pale Smoke Gray, usually not with a buffy wash; color of underparts often extending along margin of upper lip. Skull small for species; rostrum relatively broad and heavy; relatively broad interorbitally.Comparisons.—FromS. v. obscurus,S. v. longiquusdiffers as follows: size smaller; skull smaller in all dimensions although similar in proportion. FromS. v. soperi,S. v. longiquusdiffers in: size smaller; color paler in summer pelage. FromS. v. vagrans,S. v. longiquusdiffers in: color paler in summer pelage, less brownish; color of venter extending higher on flanks; venter Pale Smoke Gray, rarely tinged with buffy rather than usually tinged with buffy. FromS. v. monticola,S. v. longiquusdiffers in: summer pelage slightly paler, venter Pale Smoke Gray rather than suffused with buffy.Remarks.—The subspecieslongiquusis obviously derived from the neighboringS. v. obscurusand differs from it mainly in size. Some specimens of obscurus from western Montana show evidences of intergradation withS. v. vagransin possessing a somewhat buffy belly and these are thus more strikingly different fromlongiquusthan are other specimens ofobscurus. Many specimens ofobscurusfrom the eastern slope of the Lewis and Clark Range in Montana show the tricolored pattern seen in many specimens oflongiquus. The smallest individuals of longiquus are found on the Big Snowy Mountains. Intergradation withobscurusis seen in specimens here referred toS. v. obscurusfrom the Big Belt Mountains.Specimens examined.—Total number, 45.Montana:Hill Co.: Bearpaw Mts., 5 UM, 2 BS.Phillips Co.: Zortman, 1 BS.Chouteau Co.: type locality,3 UM; Highwood Mts., 13 BS.Cascade Co.: Neihart, Little Belt Mts., 1 BS.Judith Basin Co.: 3 mi. W Geyser, 4100 ft., 1 KU; Otter Creek, 10 mi. SW Geyser, 1 BS; Dry Wolf Creek, 20 mi. SW Stanford, 1 BS. Buffalo, 13 mi. W Buffalo Canyon, 2 BS.Fergus Co.: Moccasin Mts., 15 mi. NW Hilger, 3 BS; Judith Mts., 17 mi. NE Lewiston, 1 BS; 15 mi. S Heath, N. fork Flat Willow Creek, Big Snowy Mts., 1 BS; Timber Creek, Big Snowy Mts., 1 BS; Crystal Lake, 6000 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 2 UM; Rocky Creek, 5600 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 3 UM; Big Snowy Mts., 3 BS.Meagher Co.: Sheep Creek, 16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs, Little Belt Mts., 1 BS.Marginal records.—Montana: Bearpaw Mts.; Zortman; Big Snowy Mts.; 16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs; Highwood Mts.
Sorex vagrans longicaudaMerriam
Sorex obscurus longicaudaMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:74, December 31, 1895.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 74711, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on September 9, 1895 by C. P. Streator, from Wrangell, Alaska.
Range.—The British Columbian and Alaskan coasts from Rivers Inlet north to near Juneau and also certain islands including Etolin, Gravina, Revillagigedo, Sergeif, and Wrangell.
Diagnosis.—Size medium for the species, tail relatively long; average and extreme measurements of 17 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 128.4 (122-138); tail, 57.8 (53-66); hind foot, 15.1 (14-16). Color dark in summer and winter.
Comparisons.—For comparison withS. v. setosussee account of that subspecies. Larger and darker thanS. v. obscuruswith which it intergrades east of the humid coastal region; larger and darker thanS. v. alascensiswith whichit intergrades in the Lynn Canal area; larger and darker thanS. v. calvertensiswhich occurs on Calvert Island and Banks Island, British Columbia; differs fromS. v. insularisof Smythe, Townsend, and Reginald islands in larger size and blackish rather than brown winter pelage; larger and relatively longer-tailed thanS. v. elassodonwhich occurs on most of the islands west of the range oflongicauda; larger and relatively longer-tailed thanS. v. isolatus.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 151.
Alaska: Wrangell, 54 BS; 8 AMNH; Crittenden Creek, 1 BS; Ketchikan, 2 BS; Loring, 11 BS.
British Columbia: Port Simpson, 25 BS; Inverness, 15 BS; head of Rivers Inlet, 35 BS.
Marginal Records.—British Columbia: Great Glacier, Stikine River (Jackson, 1928:133).Alaska: Burroughs Bay (ibid.).British Columbia: Bella Coola region (Anderson, 1947:19); head of Rivers Inlet; Spider Island (Cowan, 1941:101); Goose Island (Cowan, 1941:99); Princess Royal Island (Cowan, 1941:98); Pitt Island (ibid.); Metlakatla (Jackson, 1928:133); Port Simpson.Alaska: Gravina Island (ibid.); Helm Bay (ibid.); Etolin Island (ibid.); Sergeif Island, mouth of Stikine River (ibid.); Sumdum Village (ibid.); Port Snettisham (ibid.).
Sorex vagrans mixtusHall
Sorex obscurus mixtusHall, American Nat., 72:462, September 10, 1938.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 70376, Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 4, 1936, by R. A. Cumming, from Vanada, Texada Island, Georgia Strait, British Columbia.
Range.—Known only from the type locality.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 5 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 111 (108-117); tail, 48 (44-49); hind foot, 12 (12-13) (Hall, 1938:463).
Comparisons.—Color much as inS. v. setosusorS. v. isolatus; palate longer than that ofisolatusorsetosus; hind foot shorter than either; smaller thanS. v. longicauda.
Sorex vagrans isolatusJackson
Sorex obscurus isolatusJackson, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 12:263, June 14, 1922.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 177719, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on May 21, 1911, by Alexander Wetmore from mouth of Millstone Creek, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
Range.—Vancouver Island.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; measurements of two from the type locality are: total length, 113, 118; tail, 48, 49; hind foot, 14, 14. Dark in summer and winter, underparts brownish.
Comparisons.—Smaller thanS. v. setosusbut color much the same; resemblesS. v. obscurusin size and cranial characters but darker in all pelages; similar in color toS. v. vancouverensiswith whichisolatusis sympatric but with longer tail, longer hind feet, broader rostrum and larger teeth. For comparison withS. v. mixtussee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—S. v. isolatusandS. v. vancouverensisseemingly approach oneanother morphologically more closely than do any other pair of sympatric subspecies ofSorex vagrans. The exceptions may beS. v. vagransandS. v. obscuruswhich are geographically sympatric in a few places although they may be ecologically separated.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 9.British Columbia, Vancouver Island: Nanaimo, 3 BS; Barclay Sound, 1 AMNH; Goldstream, 5 BS.
Marginal Records.—British Columbia, Vancouver Island. (Anderson, 1947:19): Cape Scott; Victoria.
Sorex vagrans insularisCowan
Sorex obscurus insularisCowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54:103, July 31, 1941.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 3110, Prov. Mus. British Columbia; obtained on August 24, 1938, by T. T. and E. B. McCabe from Smythe Island, Bardswell Group, British Columbia.
Range.—Smythe, Townsend, and Reginald islands, British Columbia.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 50 specimens from within the range of the subspecies are: total length, 122.3 (111-134); tail 52.6 (46-58); hind foot, 14.6 (13-15) (Cowan, 1941:107).
Comparisons.—Smaller externally and cranially thanS. v. longicaudaand brown instead of blackish or grayish in winter pelage. Skull broader than that ofS. v. calvertensisand color brown rather than blackish or grayish in winter pelage.
Remarks.—S. v. insularisoccurs together withS. cinereuson Townsend and Smythe islands.S. vagransfar outnumbered the cinereus shrew (Cowan, 1941:96).
Records of occurrence.—British Columbia(Cowan, 1941:104): Smythe Island, Townsend Island, Reginald Island.
Sorex vagrans calvertensisCowan
Sorex obscurus calvertensisCowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54:103, July 31, 1941.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 1947, Prov. Mus. British Columbia; obtained on July 14, 1937, by T. T. and E. T. McCabe from Safety Cove, Calvert Island, British Columbia.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 13 specimens from Calvert Island are: total length, 121.6 (109-129); tail, 54.0 (52-58); hind foot, 14.7 (13-15) (Cowan, 1941:106). Blackish or grayish in winter pelage.
Comparisons.—Smaller externally and cranially and paler in winter and summer thanS. v. longicauda; for comparisons withS. v. insularissee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—S. v. calvertensisseems to be the only shrew on Calvert and Banks islands.
Records of occurrence.—British Columbia(Cowan, 1941:103): Safety Cove, Calvert Island; Larson Harbor, Banks Island.
Marginal Records.—British Columbia: Larson Harbor, Banks Island; type locality.
Sorex vagrans malitiosusJackson
Sorex obscurus malitiosusJackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 32:23, April 11, 1919.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 8401; Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 21, 1909, by H. S. Swarth from east side of Warren Island, Alaska.
Range.—Warren and Coronation islands, Alaska.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 5 topotypes are: total length, 129.8 (126-135); tail, 56.4 (53-61); hind foot, 15.4 (15-16). Color brownish in summer, brownish rather than blackish in winter.
Comparisons.—Somewhat more brownish thanS. v. longicaudabut resembling it in size; skull slightly more flattened and rostrum broader. Larger thanS. v. elassodon. Larger and relatively longer-tailed thanS. v. alascensis.
Records of occurrence.—Alaska(Jackson, 1928:130): Warren Island; Coronation Island.
Sorex vagrans elassodonOsgood
Sorex longicauda elassodonOsgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:35, September 26, 1901.
Sorex obscurus elassodon, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 105, zool. ser. 6:450, 1905.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100597, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on June 13, 1900, by W. H. Osgood from Cumshewa Inlet, near old Indian village of Clew, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.
Range.—Alaskan and British Columbian islands from Admiralty Island south to Moresby Island.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 4 from the type locality are: total length, 126, (119-131); tail, 53.5 (52-55); hind foot, 13.8 (13-14). Color dark.
Fig. 17.Probable geographic ranges of the subspecies ofSorex vagranson the coast of British Columbia and southeastern Alaska.1.Sorex vagrans malitiosus2.Sorex vagrans elassodon3.Sorex vagrans prevostensis4.Sorex vagrans calvertensis5.Sorex vagrans insularis6.Sorex vagrans longicauda7.Sorex vagrans obscurus
1.Sorex vagrans malitiosus2.Sorex vagrans elassodon3.Sorex vagrans prevostensis4.Sorex vagrans calvertensis5.Sorex vagrans insularis6.Sorex vagrans longicauda7.Sorex vagrans obscurus
Comparisons.—Smaller with relatively smaller tail and hind feet thanS. v. longicauda, but resembling it in color. Smaller and paler thanS. v. prevostensiswith relatively narrower rostrum. Larger, darker, and with relatively longer tail thanS. v. obscurus. ResemblesS. v. alascensisbut hind foot smaller and skull relatively narrower. Smaller thanS. v. malitiosus.
Remarks.—In the northern part of its rangeS. v. elassodonoccurs withSorex cinereus. In the southern part it is the only shrew present.
Specimens examined.—Total number 93.
Alaska: near Killisnoo, Admiralty Island, 2 BS; Kupreanof Island, 15 BS; Petersburg, Mitkof Island, 10 BS; Woewodski Island, 4 AMNH; Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, 18 BS.
British Columbia: Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, 25 BS; Massett, Graham Island, 6 BS; Queen Charlotte Islands, 13 AMNH.
Marginal Records.—Alaska: Hawk Inlet, Admiralty Island (Jackson, 1928:131); Kupreanof Island; Mitkof Island; St. John Harbor, Zarembo Island (Jackson, 1928:131); Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island; Duke Island (Jackson, 1928:131).British Columbia: Massett, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands; type locality; Langara Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (Jackson, 1928:131).Alaska: Forrester Island (ibid.); Rocky Bay, Dall Island (ibid.); Shakan (really on Kosciusko Island) (ibid.); Point Baker (ibid.); Kuiu Island (ibid.); Port Conclusion, Baranof Island (ibid.).
Sorex vagrans prevostensisOsgood
Sorex longicauda prevostensisOsgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:35, September 26, 1901.
Sorex obscurus prevostensis, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 105, zool. ser. 6:450, 1905.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100618, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 3, 1900, by W. H. Osgood from north end of Prevost Island (Kunghit Island on some maps) on coast of Houston Stewart Channel, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.
Range.—Known only from the type locality.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; measurements of two specimens from the type locality are: total length, 132, 142; tail, 53, 59; hind foot, 14, 15. Color dark.
Comparisons.—Larger and darker thanS. v. elassodon. ResemblesS. v. longicaudabut darker, tail relatively somewhat shorter on the average and rostrum relatively slightly broader.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 14.British Columbia: Prevost Island, Queen Charlotte Group, 14 BS.
Sorex vagrans alascensisMerriam
Sorex obscurus alascensisMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76, December 31, 1895.
Sorex glacialisMerriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:16, March 14, 1900, type from Point Gustavus, east side of entrance to Glacier Bay, Alaska.
S[orex]. alascensis, Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900.
[Sorex glacialis] alascensis, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 45, zool. ser. 2:372, 1901.
Sorex alascensis alascensis, Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 79:16, December 31, 1912.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 73539, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 10, 1895, by C. P. Streator from Yakutat, Alaska.
Range.—The coast of southern Alaska from the vicinity of Juneau west to include eastern part of the Kenai Peninsula.
Diagnosis.—Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 9 specimens from 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N of Haines, Alaska, are: total length, 110 (104-128); tail, 45.4 (41-52); hind foot, 14 (14-14). Color grayish brown.
Comparisons.—For comparison withS. v. longicaudaandS. v. elassodonsee accounts of those subspecies. ResemblesS. v. obscurusin color but differs in larger skull, longer hind foot and in somewhat darker color. Larger and darker thanS. v. shumaginensis; the two intergrade near the base of the Kenai Peninsula.
Remarks.—This subspecies is transitional between the large, usually dark subspecies of the southeastern Alaskan and British Columbian coast and islands, and the smaller, paler subspecies of western and interior Alaska. There seem to be no sharp breaks betweenalascensisandshumaginesis. North of Haines, Alaska, size of shrews decreases in a short distance across a narrow intergradational zone betweenalascensisandobscurus. Throughout most of its rangeS. v. alascensisoccurs withSorex cinereus.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 88.
Alaska: Orca, 1 BS; Montague Island, Prince William Sound, 2 BS; Yakutat, 8 BS; north shore Yakutat Bay, 2 BS; Yakutat Bay, 1 BS; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12 KU; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 10 KU; 7 mi. SSE Haines, 10 ft., 2 KU; N end Sullivan Island, 10 ft., 6 KU; SE end Sullivan Island, 10 ft., 2 KU; Glacier Bay, 3 BS; Mendenhall River, 1 BS; Juneau, 36 BS.
British Columbia: Sheslay River, 1 AMNH; headwaters Sheslay River, 1 AMNH.
Marginal Records.—Alaska: Valdez Narrows, Prince William Sound (Jackson, 1928:128); north shore Yakutat Bay; east side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines.British Columbia: Sheslay River (Jackson, 1928:128). ALASKA: Juneau; Glacier Bay; Montague Island, Prince William Sound (ibid.); Port Nell Juan (ibid.).
Sorex vagrans shumaginensisMerriam
Sorex alascensis shumaginensisMerriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900.
[Sorex glacialis]shumaginensis, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 45, zool. ser. 2:373, 1901.
Sorex obscurus shumaginensis, Allen, Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:228, July 12, 1902.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 97993, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 17, 1899, by De Alton Saunders from Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, Alaska. (Measured by C. Hart Merriam and numbered 2210 in A. K. Fisher's catalog.)
Range.—Southwestern Alaska from Seward Peninsula southeasterly to western part of Kenai Peninsula and southwesterly to the southwestern end of the Alaskan Peninsula.
Diagnosis.—Size medium to small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 6 specimens from King Cove, Alaska, are: total length, 112.7 (107-118); tail, 48.3 (45-52); hind foot, 13.8 (13-14). Tending toward the development of a tricolor pattern, the back darkest, the sides buffy, and the venter paler.
Comparisons.—Paler and more definitely tricolored thanS. v. obscurus; also with relatively shorter palate, narrower rostrum and smaller teeth. For comparison withS. v. alascensissee account of that subspecies.
Remarks.—S. v. shumaginensisoccurs together withSorex cinereusover much of southwestern Alaska. Part of the range ofshumaginensisfalls within the tundra of the Arctic Life-zone. This may be a partial explanation of the tricolored pattern of the animal.Sorex tundrensis,S. cinereus ugyunak, andS. cinereus haydeni, shrews which dwell mostly in treeless areas, are markedly tricolored, or bicolored.Sorex arcticus, however, although tricolored, is found in forested areas.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 340.Alaska: Sawtooth Mts., Nome River, 2 AMNH; Nulato, 5 BS; St. Michaels, 1 BS; Bethel, 7 BS; Aniak, 1 BS; Skeventna River, 1 BS; 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1 KU; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 1 KU; Tyonek River, 48 BS; Hope, 15 BS; Hope, Mts. near, 13 BS; Moose Camp, 3 AMNH; Kenai Peninsula, 24 AMNH; Kakwok River, 80 mi. up, 1 BS; Kakhtul River, 5 BS; Kakwok, 3 BS; Goodnews Bay, 1 BS; Lake Aleknagik, 6 BS; Nushagak River, 25 mi. above Nushagak, 1 BS; Dillingham, 1 BS; Nushagak Village, 15 BS; Homer, 1 AMNH; Kenai Mts., 37 AMNH; Seldovia, 24 AMNH; Barabor, 1 AMNH; Caribou Camp, 7 AMNH; Ugagik River, 3 BS; Becharof Lake, 8 BS; Cold Bay, 14 BS; Kanatak, Portgage Bay, 4 BS; Chignik, 6 BS; Moller Bay, 1 BS; Alaska Peninsula, near Popof Island, 6 AMNH; Frosty Peak, 15 BS; Morzhovoi Bay, 7 BS; Ungu Island, 3 BS; Sand Point, Popof Island, 45 AMNH; Popof Island, 3 BS.
Marginal Records.—Alaska: Nome River; Nulato; Kuskokwim River, 200 mi. above Bethel, Crooked Creek (Jackson, 1928:126); 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake; Seldovia; mts. near Hope; Morhzovoi Bay; thence along coast to St. Michael.
Sorex vagrans obscurusMerriam
Sorex vagrans similisMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5:34, July 31, 1891,nec. S. similisHensel, Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Geolog. Gesellsch., 7:459, 1855 (=Neomys similis).
Sorex obscurusMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31, 1895, new name forSorex vagrans similisMerriam.
Sorex obscurus obscurus, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:15, December 31, 1912.
Type.—Adult female, skin and skull; No. 23525/30943, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on August 26, 1890, by Vernon Bailey and B. H. Dutcher from near Timber Creek, 8200 ft., Lemhi Mts., 10 mi. SSW Junction (now Leadore), Lemhi Co., Idaho.
Range.—Mountainous interior of western North America from central Alaska east across Yukon and southwestern Northwest Territories to northeastern Alberta, south in the mountains through north-central and western Washington, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado, into northern New Mexico.
Diagnosis.—Size medium to small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 9 topotypes are: total length, 110.3 (105-117); tail, 46.4 (42-50); hind foot, 13.1 (12.5-13.5). Color grayish or brownish gray in summer, light grayish in winter.
Comparisons.—For comparisons withS. v. setosus,S. v. longicauda,S. v. alascensisandS. v. shumaginensissee accounts of those subspecies. Paler and slightly larger than S. v. soperi. Larger than the subspecies from central Montana herein described as new. Smaller thanS. v. neomexicanus. Averaging larger in all dimensions thanS. v. monticolawith whichobscurusintergrades in northern New Mexico and northern Arizona. Larger thanS. v. vagranswith more grayish rather than reddish fresh summer pelage and light gray rather than dark grayish-black fresh winter pelage.
Remarks.—Intergradation ofS. v. obscuruswithS. v. setosus,S. v. longicauda,S. v. alascensis, and the new subspecies from Montana takes place in the usual way with specimens from intermediate localities being intermediate in size and color. However the relationship ofS. v. obscurusandS. v. vagrans(as the latter subspecies is defined in this study) is rather complicated. In southern British Columbia where the two subspecies come together a situation of remarkable complexity prevails. Series from some localities seem to represent intergrades betweenobscurusandvagrans; from other localities some specimens seem to be referable to one and some to the other subspecies; from other localities all specimens seem referable to one subspecies. A similar situation is seen in specimens from northeastern Washington, northern and central Idaho, and extreme western Montana. The region mentioned is one of extensive interfingering of life-zones. In southern British Columbia the main axes of the rivers, valleys and mountain ranges are north and south. Most of the valleys are in the Transition Life-zone; the forests are rather dry and of pine with more or less isolated hydrosere communities about streams and ponds. These hydrosere situations are the habitat ofSorex vagrans. Shrews from these situations are usually referable tovagrans. The high ridges and mountain ranges are usually in the Canadian Life-zone or higher and most of the shrews referable toobscuruscome from such places. Marginal localities with regard to life-zone produce most of the populations which seem to represent intergrades between the two subspecies. Isolated areas of Canadian Life-zone, even though surrounded with Transition Life-zone, often harbor a population ofobscurus, whereas the streams in the nearby dry valleys harbor populations ofvagrans. Farther south in the Rocky Mountain chain,obscurusseemingly intergrades regularly withvagrans. This intergradation is seen in populations from several localities in Utah. There the lower elevations west of the Wasatch and Uinta mountains are inhabited byS. v. vagrans, the higher elevations byobscurusand where the ranges of the two abut intergrading populations occur. In these series of intergrades there are specimens which, using size as a subspecific criterion, would unhesitatingly be assigned, as individuals, toobscurus, and others would be assigned tovagrans, but these individuals represent extremes of a normally variable population. At Cuddy Mountain, Idaho, the two subspecies seemingly abut without intergradation; anyhow the available specimens from this locality are referable to one or the other subspecies and noneis intermediate. The situation just described understandably has been the source of much anguish to students who sought to identify shrews from the Rocky Mountains. The reason for the relationship just described has been discussed at length in a previous section.
In the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado the subspeciesS. v. obscurusranges almost uninterruptedly over relatively large areas, but southward in New Mexico and southwestward into Utah and Arizona, suitable boreal habitat becomes insular in nature and obscurus there is confined to the higher mountains. With one exception, once the shrew populations become 'insular' in this region they become smaller and show intergradation withSorex vagrans monticola. The exception is the population in the Sacramento Mountains of southeastern New Mexico which is larger thanobscurusand has been rightly recognized as a distinct subspecies,neomexicanus.
Almost without exception the range of typicalSorex vagrans obscurusis sympatric with that ofSorex cinereus, usually the subspeciesS. c. cinereus. So close is this correspondence that the presence ofS. cinereuscomes near to being a useful aid in identifyingS. v. obscurus. In areas where individuals ofobscurusshow intergradation withvagrans,Sorex cinereusis absent or rare. The implication is that as the speciesS. vagransapproaches the size of the species S. cinereus, competition between the two increases with resultant displacement ofcinereus.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 982.
Alaska: Wahoo Lake, 69° 08' N, 146° 58' W, 2350 ft., 2 KU; Chandler Lake, 68° 12' N, 152° 45' W, 2900 ft., 1 KU; Bettles, 1 KU, 5 BS; Alatna, 1 BS; Yukon River, 20 mi. above Circle, 1 BS; Tanana, 1 BS; Mountains near Eagle, 18 BS; Richardson, 8 BS; head of Toklat River, 11 BS; Savage River, 8 BS.
Yukon: MacMillan Pass, Mile 282, Canol Road, 1 NMC; MacMillan River, Mile 249, Canol Road, 1 NMC; S. fork MacMillan River, Mile 249, Canol Road, 2 NMC; Sheldon Lake, Mile 222, Canol Road, 5 NMC; Rose River, Mile 95, Canol Road, 1 NMC; McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 2250 ft. 1 KU; Nisutlin River, Mile 40, Canol Road, 6 NMC; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2 KU; 3 mi. E and 1½ mi. S Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1 KU.
Mackenzie: Nahanni River Mtns., Mackenzie River, 1 BS; Fort Simpson, 3 BS; Fort Resolution, Mission Island, 1 BS.
British Columbia: W. side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 1 KU; Stonehouse Creek, 5½ mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4 KU; Bennett City, 6 BS; Wilson Creek, Atlin, 1 PMBC; McDame Post, Dease River, 6 BS; McDame Creek, 3 BS; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1 KU; NW side Muncho Lake, 1 KU; Little Tahtlan River, 1 AMNH; Junction (4 mi. N Telegraph Creek), 7 BS; Raspberry Creek, 16 AMNH; Klappan River Valley, 1 BS; Chapa-atan River, 4 BS; Fort Grahame, 3 BS; Kispiox Valley, 23 mi. N Hazleton, 1 BS; Bear Lake, site of Fort Connully, 2 BS; Tetana Lake, 1 PMBC; Hudson Hope, 2 BS; Charlie Lake, 3 PMBC; Babine Mts., 6 mi. N Babine Trail, 5200 ft., 1 BS; Big Salmon River (S branch near Canyon), 1 BS; Ootsa Lake, 2 PMBC; Indianpoint Lake, 4 PMBC; Barkerville, 7 BS; Yellowhead Lake, 2 NMC, 1PMBC; N. fork Moose River, 1 BS; Moose Lake, 2 BS; Moose Pass, 1 BS; Glacier, 7 AMNH, 12 BS; Golden, 1 BS; Field, 2 BS; Caribou Lake, near Kamloops, 2 BS; Sicamous, 1 BS; Monashee Pass, 4 PMBC; Paradise Mine, 3 PMBC; Level Mtn., 4 AMNH; 6 mi. S Nelson, 6 BS; Morrissey, 5 NMC; Wall Lake, 1 BS.
Alberta: Hays Camp, Slave River, Wood Buffalo Park, 1 NMC; Kinuso, Assineau River, 1920 ft., 2 KU; Athabaska River, 30 mi. above Athabaska Landing, 8 BS; Smokey Valley, 50 mi. N Jasper House, 1 BS; Sulfur Prairie, Grande Cache River, 3 BS; Stoney River, 35 mi. N Jasper House, 1 BS; Moose Mtn., 1 NMC; Rodent Valley, 25 mi. W Henry House, 1 BS; Henry House, 3 BS; Jasper, 2 NMC; Shovel Pass, 4 NMC; mouth of Cavell Creek, Jasper Park, 1 NMC; 11 mi. S Henry House, 2 BS; 15 mi. S Henry House, 1 BS; Red Deer River, 1 AMNH; 27 mi. W Banff, 3 NMC; 12 mi. WNW Banff, 4500 ft., 1 NMC; N. Fork Saskatchewan River, 5000 ft., 1 NMC; Cypress Hills, 1 NMC; Waterton Lakes Park, 53 NMC.
Saskatchewan: Cypress Hills, 21 NMC.
Washington:Okanogan Co.: Pasayten River, 1 BS; Bauerman Ridge, 1 BS; Conconully, 2 BS.Pend Oreille Co.: 2 mi. N Gypsy Meadows, 2 WSC; Round Top Mtn., 1 WSC; head Pass Creek, 1.Chelan Co.: Stehekin, 4 BS; head Lake Chelan, 4 BS; Wenatchee, 1 BS.Kittitas Co.: Easton, 10 BS.
Idaho:Boundary Co.: Cabinet Mtns., E Priest Lake, 2 BS.Adams Co.: ½ mi. E Black Lake, 1 KU; 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW slope Smith Mtn., 2 KU.Washington Co.: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft., 4 KU.Lemhi Co.: 10 mi. SSW Leadore (type locality), 4 BS; 5 FC.Fremont Co.: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 4 KU.Custer Co.: head Pahsimeroi River, Pahsimeroi Mtns., 1 BS.Blaine Co.: Perkins Lake, 1 KU.Bear Lake Co.:—Caribou Co.line: Preuss Mts., 1 BS.
Montana:Glacier Co.: Sherburne Lake, 3 UM; 2½ mi. W and 1½ mi. S Babb, 1 KU; St. Mary's, 6 UM; St. Mary Lakes, 9 BS; Fish Creek, 2 BS; Gunsight Lake, 2 BS.Flathead Co.: Nyack, 3 UM, 1 BS; 1 mi. W and 2 mi. S Summit, 1 KU.Ravalli Co.: 8 mi. NE Stevensville, 3 BS; Sula, 1 BS.Meagher Co.: Big Belt Mtns., Camas Creek, 4 mi. S Fort Logan, 7 BS.Gallatin Co.: West Gallatin River, 4 BS.Park Co.: Emmigrant Gulch, 3 mi. SE Chico, 2 BS; Beartooth Mtns., 2 BS;Carbon Co.: Pryor Mtns., 2 BS.
Wyoming:Yellowstone Nat'l Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, 11 BS; Tower Falls, 1 BS; Astringent Creek, 1 BS; Flat Mtn., 1 BS; Yellowstone Park, 1 UM.Park Co.: Beartooth Lake, 15 BS; SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 1 KU; Pahaska Tepee, 6300 ft., 8 BS; Pahaska, mouth Grinnell Creek, 15 BS; Pahaska, Grinnell Creek, 7000-7500 ft., 18 BS; 25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 1 KU; Valley, Absaroka Mts., 14 BS; Needle Mtn., 2 BS.Big Horn Co.: 28 mi. E Lovell, 9000 ft., 12 KU; head Trapper's Creek, W slope Bighorn Mtns., 7 BS; 17½ mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 1 KU.Teton Co.: Two Ocean Lake, 6 FC; Emma Matilda Lake, 2 BS; 1 mi. N Moran, 1 FC; 2½ mi. E and ¼ mi. N Moran, 6230 ft., 2 KU; Moran, 7 FC, 1 KU; 2½ mi. E Moran, 6220 ft., 1 KU; 1 mi. S Moran, 1 FC; 3¾ mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, 9 KU; 7 mi. S Moran, 3 FC; Timbered Island, 14 mi. N Moose, 6750 ft., 3 KU; Bar BC Ranch, 2½ mi. NE Moose, 6500 ft., 1 KU; Beaver Dick Lake, 1 UM; Teton Mtns., Moose Creek, 6800 ft., 9 BS; Teton Mtns., S Moose Creek, 10,000 ft., 3 BS; Teton Pass, above Fish Creek, 7200 ft., 15 BS; Whetstone Creek, 4 UM; Flat Creek-Gravel Creek Divide, 2 UM; Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 1 UM; Jackson, 3 KU, 2 UM.Fremont Co.: Togwotee Pass, 5 FC; Jackey's Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois, 1 BS; Milford, 5400 ft., 2 KU; Mosquito Park R. S. 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1 KU; 17 mi. S and 6½ mi. W Lander, 9300 ft., 1 KU; Mocassin Lake, 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 10,000 ft., 1 KU; 23½ mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8600 ft., 1 KU; Green Mts., 8 mi. E Rongis, 8000 ft., 4 BS.Washakie Co.: 9 mi. E and 5 mi. N Tensleep, 7400 ft., 2 KU; 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7000 ft., 2 KU.Lincoln Co.: Salt River Mtns., 10 mi. SE Afton, 5 BS; Labarge Creek, 9000 ft., 1 BS.Sublette Co.: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8025 ft., 3 KU; Surveyor's Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale, 8000 ft., 2 BS; N. side Half Moon Lake, 7900 ft., 1 KU; 2½ mi. NE Pinedale, 7500 ft., 2 KU.Natrona Co.: Rattlesnake Mts., 7000-7500 ft., 18 BS; Casper Mts., 7 mi. S Casper, 6 BS.Converse Co.: 21½ mi. S and 24½ mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 7 KU; 22 mi. S and 24½ mi. WDouglas, 7600 ft., 4 KU; 22½ mi. S and 24½ mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 2 KU.Uinta Co.: 1 mi. N Fort Bridger, 6650 ft., 1 KU; Fort Bridger, 3 KU; Evanston, 1 BS; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8000 ft., 6 KU; 9 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8600 ft., 1 KU; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8700 ft., 3 KU; 10½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 8900 ft., 1 KU; 13 mi. S and 1 mi. E Robertson, 9000 ft., 1 KU; 13 mi. S and 2 mi E Robertson, 9200 ft., 1 KU.Carbon Co.: Ferris Mts., 7800 to 8500 ft., 13 BS; Shirley Mts., 7600 ft., 7 BS; Bridget's Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7500 ft., 2 KU; 10 mi. N and 12 mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 1 KU; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 6 KU; 9½ mi. N and 11½ mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 2 KU; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Encampment, 6500 ft., 1 KU; 9 mi. N and 8 mi. E Encampment, 7000 ft., 1 KU; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft., 3 KU; 8 mi. N and 14½ mi. E Encampment, 8100 ft., 2 KU; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 4 KU; 8 mi. N and 21½ mi. E Encampment, 9400 ft., 2 KU; S. base Bridger's Peak, 8800 ft., Sierra Madre Mts., 3 BS; 8 mi. N and 19½ mi. E Savery, 8800 ft., 2 KU; 7 mi. N and 17 mi. E Savery, 8300 ft., 1 KU; 6½ mi. N and 16 mi. E Savery, 8300 ft., 1 KU; 6 mi. N and 15 mi. E Savery, 8500 ft., 1 KU; 5 mi. N and 10½ mi. E Savery, 8000 ft., 2 KU; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8800 ft., 1 KU.Albany Co.: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft., 10 BS; Laramie Peak, N. slope, 8000 to 8800 ft., 7 BS; Bear Creek, 3 mi. SW Laramie Peak, 7500 ft., 6 BS; 2½ mi. ESE Brown's Peak, 10,500 ft., 2 KU; 3 mi. ESE Brown's Peak, 10,000 ft., 1 KU; 27 mi. N and 5 mi. E Laramie, 6960 ft., 2 KU; 1 mi. SSE Pole Mtn., 8350 ft., 3 KU; 2 mi. SW Pole Mtn., 3 KU; 3 mi. S Pole Mtn., 8100 ft., 2 KU; 8¾, mi. E and 6½ mi. S Laramie, 8200 ft., 2 KU; Woods P. O., 1 BS.Laramie Co.: 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 7200 ft., 2 KU.
Utah:Weber Co.: Mt. Willard, Weber-Box Elder Co. line, 9768 ft., 2 UU.Salt Lake Co.: Butterfield Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8700 ft., 2 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8750 ft., 8 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 9000 ft., 2 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 9500 ft., 1 UU.Summit Co.: Jct. Bear River and East Fork, 2 CM; Smith and Morehouse Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 UU; Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft., 1 UU.Daggett Co.: Jct. Deep and Carter creeks, 7900 ft., 1 UU.Utah Co.: Nebo Mtn., 1 mi. E Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 1 UU; Nebo Mts., 12 mi. SE Payson Lake, 1 UU.Wasatch Co.: Current Creek, Uinta Mts., 1 BS; Wasatch Mts., 1 BS.Uintah Co.: Paradise Park, 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, Uinta Mts., 10,050 ft., 2 CM, 3 KU; Paradise Park, Uinta Mts., 10,100 ft., 6 UU.Sanpete Co.: Manti, 3 BS.Sevier Co.: 7 mi. Creek, 20 mi. SE Salina, 5 CM; Fish Lake Plateau, 2 BS.Emery Co.: Lake Creek, 11 mi. E Mt. Pleasant, 4 CM.Grand Co.: Warner R. S., La Sal Mts., 9750 ft., 2 UU; La Sal Mts., 11,000 ft., 1 BS.Beaver Co.: Puffer Lake, Beaver Mts., 2 BS.Wayne Co.: Elkhorn G. S., Fish Lake Plateau, 14 mi. N Torrey, 9400 ft., 3 UU.Garfield Co.: Wildcat R. S., Boulder Mtn., 8700 ft., 6 UU; 18 mi. N Escalante, 9500 ft., 1 UU.Washington Co.: Pine Valley Mts., 7 BS.San Juan Co.: Geyer Pass, 18 mi. SSE Moab, 3 CM; Cooley, 8 mi. W Monticello, 3 CM.
Colorado:Larimer Co.: Poudre River, 1 KU.Rio Blanco Co.: 9½ mi. SW Pagoda Peak, 2 KU.Grand Co.: Arapaho Pass, Rabbit Ears Mts., 2 BS.Boulder Co.: Willow Park, Rocky Mtn. Nat'l Park, 8 UM; Longs Peak, 1 BS; ¾ mi. N and 2 mi. W Allenspark, 8400 ft., 5 KU; Ward, 9500 ft., 1 BS; Buchanan Pass, 1 BS; 3 mi. S Ward, 1 KU; 7 mi. NW Nederland, 1 KU; 5 mi. W Boulder, 3 BS; Boulder, 3 BS, 1 ChM; Nederland, 6 BS, 4 ChM; Eldora, 1 BS.Garfield Co.: Baxter Pass, 8500 ft., 2 BS.Eagle Co.: Gores Range, 1 BS.Gilpen Co.: Black Hawk, 1 BS.Lake Co.: 3 mi. W Twin Lakes, 2 KU; 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Leadville, 1 KU.Gunnison Co.: 2 mi. W Gothic, 2 FC; Copper Lake, 2 FC; Gothic, 1 FC.Chaffee Co.: St. Elmo, 10,100 ft., 2 BS; E side Monarch Pass, 7 mi. W Salida, 2 ChM.Teller Co.: Glen Core, Pikes Peak, 2 UM.El Paso Co.: Hunters Creek, a tributary of Bear Creek, 7250-7400 ft., 1 AMNH.Montrose Co.: Uncomphagre Plateau, 8500 ft., 3 BS.Saguache Co.: 3 mi. N and 16 mi. W Saguache, 8500 ft., 2 KU; Cochetopa Pass, 10,000 ft., 4 KU; Monshower Meadows, 27 mi. W Saguache, 2 BS.San Juan Co.: Silverton, 4 BS.Mineral Co.: 23 mi. S and 11 mi. E Creede, 1 KU.Costilla Co.: Fort Garland, 2 BS.Huerfano Co.: 5 mi. S and 1 mi. W Cuchara Camps, 8 KU.
New Mexico:Taos Co.: 3 mi. N Red River, 2 BS; Taos, 1 BS.Colfax Co.: 1 mi. S and 2 mi. E Eagle Nest, 8100 ft., 2 KU.Sandoval Co.: Jemez Mts., 3 BS.Santa Fe Co.: Hyde Park, 5 mi. NE Santa Fe, 2 HC; Santa Fe Field Station, 1 HC; Santa Fe Ski Basin, 1 KU; Pecos Baldy, 4 BS.Torrance Co.: Manzano Mts., 2 BS.
Marginal Records.—Alaska: Chandler Lake, 68° 12' N, 152° 45' W; Yukon River, 20 mi. above Circle; Mountains near Eagle.Mackenzie: Nahanni River Mts.; Fort Simpson; Fort Resolution, Mission Island.Alberta: Wood Buffalo Park; Athabaska River, 30 mi. above Athabaska Landing.Saskatchewan: Cypress Hills.Montana: St. Mary; 4 mi. S Fort Logan; Pryor Mts.Wyoming: 1 mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 27424 KU; Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek PO.Colorado: Boulder; Hunters Creek; 5 mi. S and 1 mi. W Cuchara Camps.New Mexico: 3 mi. N Red River, 10,700 ft.; Pecos Baldy; Manzano Mts.; Jemez Mts.Colorado: Navajo River (Jackson, 1928:120); Silverton.Utah: La Sal Mts., 11,000 ft.Colorado: Baxter Pass.Utah: junction Trout and Ashley Creeks, 9700 ft. (Durrant, 1952:35); Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft.; Mt. Baldy R. S. (Durrant, 1952:53); Wildcat R. S.; Pine Valley Mts.; Puffer Lake; Butterfield Canyon.Idaho: Preuss Mts.; 4 mi. S Trude (Davis, 1939:104); head Pahsimeroi River, Pahsimeroi Mts.; Perkins Lake; 1 mi. NE Heath; ½ mi. E Black Lake.Montana: Sula; 8 mi. NE Stevensville.Washington: head Pass Creek; Conconully; Wenatchee; Easton; Stehekin; Pasayten River.British Columbia: Second Summit, Skagit River, 5000 ft., (Jackson, 1928:120); Babine Mts., 6 mi. N Babine Trail, 5200 ft.; Hazleton (Jackson, 1928:120); 23 mi. N Hazleton; Flood Glacier, Stikine River (Jackson, 1928:120); Cheonee Mts. (ibid.); Level Mtn.; west side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake.Alaska: head Toklat River; Tanana; Alatna; Bettles.
Sorex vagrans soperiAnderson and Rand
Sorex obscurus soperiAnderson and Rand, Canadian Field-Nat., 59:47, October 16, 1945.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull; No. 18249, Nat. Mus. Canada; obtained on September 21, 1940, by J. Dewey Soper, from 2½ mi. NW Lake Audy, Riding Mtn. Nat'l Park, Manitoba.
Range.—Southwestern Manitoba to central Saskatchewan.
Diagnosis.—Size medium to small for the species; measurements of type and two topotypes are: total length, 107, 108, 117; tail, 45, 45, 45; hind foot, 12.1, 12.3, 12.5. Color dark brownish or fuscous in summer pelage; winter pelage unknown.
Comparison.—ResemblesS. v. obscurusin size; darker thanobscurusin summer pelage; cranium slightly higher and top more nearly flat; larger and darker in summer pelage than the new subspecies from central Montana.
Remarks.—In their description of this subspecies Anderson and Rand pointed out that specimens from the type locality and from central Saskatchewan represent the dark extreme in a color cline which begins in south-central British Columbia with "pale, brownish-tinged animals." These authors referred shrews from Cypress Hills, southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta toS. o. soperi, although they noted that these specimens, taken by themselves, are not strikingly different fromS. o. obscurusfrom the Rocky Mountains. The specimens from the Cypress Hills were included insoperibecause the authors felt that the subspecific boundary should be drawn "where specimens average about half way between the extremes (of the cline) in characters."
It is true, as Anderson and Rand say, that the shrews from Cypress Hills are hardly separable from those from, say, Waterton Lakes Park. The specimensfrom the Cypress Hills are noticeably different from specimens from the Okanagan area, but some of the latter, in my opinion may represent intergrades betweenS. v. obscurusand the more reddishS. v. vagransand are not, at any rate, typicalobscurus. In view of the similarity of shrews from Cypress Hills to typicalS. v. obscurusand since the Cypress Hills are much nearer to the range ofS. v. obscurusthan to the record-stations of occurrence in central Saskatchewan and Manitoba, I have chosen to restrict the namesoperito shrews from these latter two localities. SeeminglyS. vagransis absent from the plains separating the Cypress Hills from the Rocky Mountains and from Riding Mountain National Park.
Specimens examined.—none.
Marginal records.—Saskatchewan: Prince Albert National Park, 1700 ft. (Anderson and Rand, 1945:48).Manitoba: Riding Mountain National Park, 2½ mi. NW Audy Lake (ibid.).
Sorex vagrans longiquusnew subspecies
Type.—First year male, skin and skull; No. 87332, Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool.; obtained on July 21, 1942, by Emmet T. Hooper from 25 mi. ESE Big Sandy, Eagle Creek, Chouteau Co., Montana, original no. 2184.
Range.—Central Montana; marginal localities are: Bearpaw Mts., Zortman, Big Snowy Mts., Buffalo, Little Belt Mts.
Diagnosis.—Size small for the species; measurements of three topotypes are: total length, 101, 105, 108; tail, 39, 40, 42; hind foot, 11.5, 11.5, 12. Color pale; summer pelage: back near (17´´´k) Olive Brown but hairs of dorsum with a pale, buffy band proximal from the tips which imparts a pale over-all appearance; flanks near Wood Brown; underparts Pale Smoke Gray, usually not with a buffy wash; color of underparts often extending along margin of upper lip. Skull small for species; rostrum relatively broad and heavy; relatively broad interorbitally.
Comparisons.—FromS. v. obscurus,S. v. longiquusdiffers as follows: size smaller; skull smaller in all dimensions although similar in proportion. FromS. v. soperi,S. v. longiquusdiffers in: size smaller; color paler in summer pelage. FromS. v. vagrans,S. v. longiquusdiffers in: color paler in summer pelage, less brownish; color of venter extending higher on flanks; venter Pale Smoke Gray, rarely tinged with buffy rather than usually tinged with buffy. FromS. v. monticola,S. v. longiquusdiffers in: summer pelage slightly paler, venter Pale Smoke Gray rather than suffused with buffy.
Remarks.—The subspecieslongiquusis obviously derived from the neighboringS. v. obscurusand differs from it mainly in size. Some specimens of obscurus from western Montana show evidences of intergradation withS. v. vagransin possessing a somewhat buffy belly and these are thus more strikingly different fromlongiquusthan are other specimens ofobscurus. Many specimens ofobscurusfrom the eastern slope of the Lewis and Clark Range in Montana show the tricolored pattern seen in many specimens oflongiquus. The smallest individuals of longiquus are found on the Big Snowy Mountains. Intergradation withobscurusis seen in specimens here referred toS. v. obscurusfrom the Big Belt Mountains.
Specimens examined.—Total number, 45.Montana:Hill Co.: Bearpaw Mts., 5 UM, 2 BS.Phillips Co.: Zortman, 1 BS.Chouteau Co.: type locality,3 UM; Highwood Mts., 13 BS.Cascade Co.: Neihart, Little Belt Mts., 1 BS.Judith Basin Co.: 3 mi. W Geyser, 4100 ft., 1 KU; Otter Creek, 10 mi. SW Geyser, 1 BS; Dry Wolf Creek, 20 mi. SW Stanford, 1 BS. Buffalo, 13 mi. W Buffalo Canyon, 2 BS.Fergus Co.: Moccasin Mts., 15 mi. NW Hilger, 3 BS; Judith Mts., 17 mi. NE Lewiston, 1 BS; 15 mi. S Heath, N. fork Flat Willow Creek, Big Snowy Mts., 1 BS; Timber Creek, Big Snowy Mts., 1 BS; Crystal Lake, 6000 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 2 UM; Rocky Creek, 5600 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 3 UM; Big Snowy Mts., 3 BS.Meagher Co.: Sheep Creek, 16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs, Little Belt Mts., 1 BS.
Marginal records.—Montana: Bearpaw Mts.; Zortman; Big Snowy Mts.; 16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs; Highwood Mts.