C
Cabbages, 428, 684atavism in, 638origin of varieties, 621Cactuses, 444Cactus-dahlia, 625Calamintha Acinos, 437, 452Calamus root, 222Calendula officinalis, 502Calliopsis tinctoria, 195Calluna, 146vulgaris, 437, 577Caltha, 490palustris, 331Camelina, 684Camellia, 178, 323japonica, 368Camellias, 331Camomile, 130, 132, 156, 366, 494, 503, 509, 512Campanula persicifolia, 151, 234rotundifolia, 437Campion, 283, 302, 304evening, 281red, 238Canna, 751, 759, 761indica, 760"Madame Crozy," 760, 761nepalensis, 760warczewiczii, 760Capsella Bursa-pastoris apetala, 585heegeri, 22, 582, 583, 684Carex, 53Carnation, 178, 241, 491wheat-ear, 227Carpinus Betulus heterophylla, 180Carriere, 491, 596, 612, 806Carrots, 806Catch-fly, 419Carboniferous period, 699Casuarina quadrivalvis, 649Cauliflowers, origin of, 621Caumzet, 614Causation, theory of direct, (Nageli), 448Cedar, pyramidal, 618Celandine, 147, 245, 280, 365oak-leaved, 603, 610, 611Celosia, 621Celosia cristata, 327, 411Centaurea, 242Centgener power, 20, 822Centranthus macrosiphon, 424Cephalotaxus, 170, 226pedunculata fastigiata, 169Cereals, 105, 106, 107, 119, 801, 804origin of cultivation, 104Character-units, 632Charlock, 424Cheiranthus, 490Cheiri, 370Cheiri gynantherus, 371Chelidonium laciniatum, 22, 609majus, 147, 365, 600, 610, 611majus foliis quernis, 610Cherries, 79Cherry, bird's, 617Chestnuts, 427Chromosomes, 306Chrysanthemum, 178, 274corn, 739Chrysanthemum carinatum, 494coronarium, 161, 202, 510grandiflorum, 739imbricatum, 494indicum, 490inodorum, 503inodorum plenissimum, 336new double, 501segetum, 202, 493, 504, 729segetum, var.grandiflorum, 43, 495, 498, 504,504Chrysopogon montanus, 450Cieslar, 804Cineraria cruenta, 514Cinquefoil, 52Clarkia, 420elegans, 198pulchella, 282pulchella carnea, 162Clematis Vitalba, 662Viticella nana, 612Clover, 80, 102, 674crimson (Italian), 353, 358, 359, 360five-leaved, 340, 362, 374, 431, 509, 789four-leaved, 340, 346, 352red, 235, 281white, 133, 366Clusius, 610Cochlearia anglica, 52danica, 52officinalis, 52Coconut, 67, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89dispersal of, 85, 89geographic origin of, 88,89Coconut-palm, 84, 88Cockerell, T.D.A., 139, 140, 591Cocklebur, 139Cockscomb, 165, 327, 356, 411, 621Cocos nucifera stupposa, 83, 84cupuliformis, 82rutila, 82Codiaeum appendicularum, 673Colchicum, 490Coleus, 132Columbine, 725yellow, 161Columbus, 89, 118Columella, 106Composites, 130, 131, 336, 723, 778Conifers, 168, 226, 239, 455weeping, 617Connation, of petals, 660, 661"Conquests," 242Contra-selection, 425Cook, 84, 86, 88, 89Corn, 81, 90, 118, 119, 135, 283, 287, 288, 775,786, 788, 804American, 205Corn-cockle, 162Corn-chrysanthemum, 739Corn-flowers, 491, 92Corn, "Forty-day," 118"Harlequin," 327sterile variety of, 622sugar, 135, 158"Tuscarora," 205Corn-marigold, 493, 494Cornel berry, yellow, 196Cornaceae, 675Cornu, 338Cornus Mas, 196Correlation, 142Corylus, 133Avellana, 181tubulosa, 181Cotton, 725Cotyledon, 674variation in, 416Crambe maritima, 621Cranesbill, 599European, 628meadow, 322Crataegus, 196oxyacantha, 132Crowfoot, 331corn, 283Crepis biennis, 410, 411Cress, Indian, 192Crossesbisexual, 255, 276, 294, 298reciprocal, 279unisexual, 255, 261varietal (see Hybrids)Croton, 673, 674Crozy, 760, 762Crucifers, 222, 635Cryptomeria, 169, 226japonica, 239Cucumbers, 118Cucumis, 52Cucurbita, 52Cultivated plants, 65, 66elementary species of, 62improvement of, 92mixed nature of, 96, 118origin of, 91Currants, 79Californian, 270flowering, 166"Gordon's," 270Missouri, 270white, 158white-flowered, 167Cuttings, 721Cyclamen, 323, 355, 627, 684Butterfly, 627vernum, 619Cypripedium caudatum, 487Cytisus adami, 271candicans Attleyanus, 367Laburnum, 271prostratus, 139prostratus ciliata, 125purpureus, 271spinescens, 139
D
Dahlia, 131, 241, 272, 625cactus, 625"Jules Chretien," 628purple-leaved, 626"surprise," 230tubular, 627[sic] 274, 490, 764first double ones, 490green, 227, 229, 230Daisies, 131, 132, 494double, 195hen-and-chicken, 514ox-eye, 202Shasta, 769yellow, 202Dandelion, 411parthenogenesis, 61variations in, 60Daphne Mezereum, 146Darwin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 76, 85, 93, 109,110, 180, 196, 205, 206, 242, 306, 324, 338,448, 571, 604, 612, 689, 702, 710, 715, 743,798, 825Darwin, George, 711Darwinian theory, 461basis of, 5Date, 134Datura Stramonium, 139, 142Stramonium inermis, 300Tatula, 139, 142, 300Dead-nettle, 237De Bary, 38, 47, 49De Candolle, 76, 84, 85, 89, 228, 370, 403, 621Alphonse, 74, 129, 226A.P., 129Casimir, 659, 676De Graaff, 275Delphinium Ajacis, 192Deniau, 617Descent, theory of, 690, 694, 702, 707, 716, 798De Serres, Olivier, 72Desmodium gyrans, 655, 656, 663, 664, 65Dewberry, California, 269Dianthus barbatus, 322, 648twisted variety, 408Diatoms, 699Dictoyledonsancestors of monocotyledons, 15Digitalis parviflora, 161, 640purpurea, 483pelorism of, 482Dimorphism, 445, 447, 454, 457, 458Dippe, 810Dipsacus fullonum, 402sylvestris, 402, 402Dominant character, 280Double flowerspoppies 490production of, 489types of, 330Double races (see also ever-sporting varieties),419, 427, 428Dubois, Eugene, 712Duchesne, 185, 188, 596Duckweed, 222Draba, 692, 693verna, 47, 50, 51, 53, 125, 126, 518, 533,546, 547, 561Dracocephalum moldavicum, 419Dragon-head, 419Drosera anglica, 268filiformis, 268intermedia, 268obovata, 267rotundifolia, 268
E
Earth, age of, 710Edelweiss, 438Eichler, 660Election, 801Electric light, growth in, 442Elementary species, 11, 13, 32, 67, 74, 76, 77,78, 79, 91, 95, 116, 119, 124, 126, 128, 129,207, 238, 252, 256, 307, 430, 435, 695, 696,698, 702, 715, 787, 798, 800, 825apples, 75coconut, 82corn, 81cultivated plants, 62definition of, 12, 35, 127flax, 80how produced, 16, 248hybrids of, 253, 255mutation of, 141origin of, 459, 603origin of, how studied, 463selection of, 92varieties vs., 14, 15, 141, 152, 224, 243,247, 251, 495Elm, 136, 219, 239, 427Epilobium, 268hirsutum, 683hirsutum cruciatum, 588montanum, 269tetragonum, 269Equisetum Telmateja, 642, 649Erica Tetralix, 577, 661Ericaceae, 146, 660Erigeron Asteroides, 450canadensis, 132, 236, 453, 600, 695Erodium, 146cicutarium album, 161Erucastrum, 630, 638, 639pollichii, 222, 637Eryngium campestre, 674maritimum, 674Erysimum cheiranthoides, 638Erythraea pulchella, 452Erythrina, 621Crista-galli, 620Eschcholtzias, 59Esimpler, 337Eucalyptus citriodora, 669Globulus, 217Euphorbia Ipecacuanha, 55Evening-primrose, 62, 204, 256, 424, 686, 687,688, 690, 691, 694, 695, 699, 702, 703,705, 707, 708, 713, 747, 793Evolution, 93, 685, 686, 689, 704, 707, 709,710, 713, 718degressive, 222, 223, 249progression in, 630progressive, 221, 222, 223, 248regression in, 630regressive, 221, 222; 223, 24retrograde, 221, 631Extremes, asexual multiplication of, 742, 769
F
Fabre, 265Fagus, 133Fagus sylvatica pectinata, 179Fan, genealogical, 700Fasciated stems, 409, 412Ferns, 63cristate, 427plumose, 427Ficaria, 53Ficus radicans, 436religiosus, 244repens, 436stipulata, 436ulmifolia, 436Figs, 436Filago, 52Fir, 134, 804Fittest, survival of, 826Flax, 80, 805springing, 80threshing, 80white-flowered, 158, 160Fleabane, Canada, 132, 236Flowers, gamopetalous, 660Fluctuabilityembryonic, see Fluctuation, individualFluctuation, 708, 715, 716, 718, 719, 724, 737, 741curves of, 729, 794defined, 191individual, 718, 723, 732, 741, 745, 749, 788mutation vs. 7, 16, 719partial, 718, 723, 732, 741, 745, 748, 749,771inadequate for evolution, in elementary species,19nature of, 18specific and varietal characters vs. 17Forget-me-not, 368Fothergill, John, 521Foxglove, 163peloric, 164, 356, 367yellow, 161, 640Fraxinus excelsior monophylla, 667exheterophylla, 667simplici folio, 667French flora (Grenier and Godron), 433FriesonHieracium, 60Frostweed, 440species of, 52Fuchsia, 272, 355Fuchsias, 491
G
Gaertner, 279Galeopsis Ladanum canescens, 139Galium, 648Aparine, 409, 648elatum, 52erectum, 52Mollugo, 62verum, 648Gallesio, 138Galton, 736, 776Gamopetaly, 662Garden-pansy, origin of, 38Garlic, 638Gauchery, 452Geikie, 711Generaartificial character of, 36polymorphous, 692Gentiana punctata concolor, 125Gentians, 577Georgics (Vergil), 106Geranium pratense, 323, 628album, 628pyreniacum, 599German flora (Koth), 432Geum, 282Gherkins, 118Gideon, Peter M., 78Glacial period, 696Gladiolus, 241, 272, 274, 368, 765cardinalis, 275gandavensis, 275psittacinus, 275purpureo-auratus, 275Glaucium, 241Gleditschia sinensis, 614triacanthos pendula, 617Gloxinia, 282, 485erect, 626Gloxinia erecta, 485peloric variety, 485Gnaphalium Leontopodium, 438Godetia amoena, 161Godetias, 59, 232Godron, 265, 432Goeppert, 370Gooseberry, 79, 140, 626red, 133, 165, 241Grapes, 90, 158, 328Grape-hyacinth,plumosa, 134Grasses, 102, 631, 681Grenier, 433Groundsel, 132Growth, nutrition and, 714, 720, 722Guelder-rose, 134, 239Gum-tree, Australian, 217Gypsophila paniculatatwisted variety, 409
H
Haeckel, 707Half-races, 358, 372, 409, 419, 424, 427, 428Hall, 444Hallet, F.F., 109Harebell, 232peach-leaved, 234Harris, Arthur, 825Harshberger, John W., 591onEuphorbiain New Jersey, 55Hawksbeard, 410, 411, 412Hawkweed, 411, 439, 443, 819Hawkweedsseeding without fertilization, 61Hawthorn, white, 132Hays, W.M.on individual selection, 20, 94, 95, 117,821, 823, 824Hazelnut, 133, 181, 242Hazels, cut-leaved, 596,-616Heath family, 146, 222, 660Heaths, origin of, 662Heather, 577Hedera Helix arborea, 437Hedgehog burweed, 140Hedys-Arum, 664Heeger, 582Heer, Oswald, 74, 105Heinricher, 172, 173, 174Helianthemum, 53, 125, 126, 561apenninum, 52pilosum, 52polifolium, 52pulverulentum, 52vulgare, 440Helichrysum, 420Helwingia, 678, 678, 682rusciflora, 675Hemp, 419Henbane, 282Hepatica, 322, 490Heredity, 731, 734, 818bearers of, 632in teasels, 642Hesperis, 241, 322matronalis, 323, 411Heylandia latebrosa, 450Hibiscus Moscheutos, 591Hieracium, 59, 439alpinum, 696Hildebrand, 160, 240, 241Hoffman, 160, 662Hofmeister, 160, 370, 480Holbein, 164, 596Holly, 140, 196Holtermann, 449, 451Hollyhock, 427Honeysuckle, 674ground, 443Hordeum distichum, 677hexastichum, 677, 678tetrastichum, 677trifurcatum, 676, 678vulgare trifurcatum, 203Hornbeam, European, 180Horse-chestnut, 219thornless, 234Horsetail, Canadian, 695European, 649Horsetail, family, 641Horse-weed, 132Canadian, 452Hortensia, 134, 181Horticulture, mutations in, 604Houseleek, 370, 371Hunneman, John, 521Hyacinths, 178, 322white, 160Hybrids, 58, 201, 202, 206, 250, 575between elementary species, 253constant, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269law of varietal, 716Mendelian, 324nature of, 20species, 256, 260splitting of, 210varietal, 208, 209, 247, 277, 278, 279, 281,285, 293, 294Hybridization, 706, 751, 752, 758, 759, 764Hydrocotyle, 668Hyoscyamus niger, 282pallidus, 283Hypericum perforatum, 725Hyssopus officinalis, 161
I
Iberis umbellata rosea, 195Improved races, inconstancy of 770-797Indian cress, 668pelorism of, 485Indian pipe, 661Ipecac spurge, 55Iris, 456falcifolis, 172kaempferi, 174lortetii, 521pallida, 172pallida abavia, 681Isolation, 108Ivy, 436
J
Jacob's ladder, 200, 202Jacques, 614Jacquin, 52, 632Jaggi, 594, 595Jaeger, 228, 662Jalappa, 165Janczewski, 266Japanese plum, 58Jasminum Sambac, 662Joly, 712Jordan, Alexis, 45, 47, 49, 50, 129experiments with species, 37, 40Juncus effusus spiralis, 684Juniper, 684
K
Kapteyn, 716Kelvin, Lord, 720, 711Kerner von Marilaun, 266, 267Keteleer, 618Knight, 390, 719, 720Koch, 433, 667Koelreuter, 279Korshinsky, 609, 612, 614, 617, 667Krelage, 510, 619Kuhn & Co., Messrs., 801, 809, 817
L
Labiates, 237pelories of, 577Labiatiflorae, pelorism of, 468Labrador tea, 661Laburnum, 270, 284, 342oak-leaved 147, 179pelorism of, 485Lactuca, 52Scariola, 456Lagasca, Mariano, 96, 97, 114Lamarck, 1, 447, 461, 522, 522Lamarckismobjections to, 449Lamium album, 237maculatum, 237pelorism of, 486purpureum, 237Larch, 804Larkspur, 124, 192, 311, 452hybrid, 213white, 160Latency, 657individual, 219specific, 246systematic, 219, 220, 235varietal, 246Latent characters, 216Lathyrus odoratus, 776Laurea pinnatifida, 450Laurel, lady's, 146Laurent, 802Leaves, cleft, 685variegated, 426, 431LeBrun, Mme., 614Le Couteur, 96, 97, 107, 108, 114, 115, 116, 742Ledum, 222, 661Lemna, 222Lemoine, 762, 762Lettuce, 684crisped, 158prickly, 456Life, struggle for, 103, 119, 120Lilacs, 59, 769double, 762Lilium candidum flore pleno, 331pardalium, 116Lime-tree, 355, 366, 428, 669fern-leaved, 147Linaria, 467, 471, 480dalmatica, 482genistifolia, 267italica, 267vulgaris, 267, 471vulgaris peloria, 464Lindley, 63, 129, 506Linnaeus, 32, 33, 129, 132, 256, 663on the idea of species, 11, 13on origin of species, 2, 34on primroses, 52Linum angustifolium, 80crepitans, 81usitatissimum, 80, 161Link, 466Liver-leaf, 322Lobelia syphilitica, 161Lonicera etrusca, 640tartarica nana, 614Lorenz, Chr., 482Lothelier, 454Lotus corniculatus, 442corniculatus hirsutus, 139London, 615, 616, 667Lucerne, 264Ludwig, 738Lupines, 90Lychnis, 282chalcedonica, 161diurna, 238, 578preslii, 578vespertina, 238, 281, 585Lycium, 455Lycopersicum, 655grandifolium, 654latifolium(seeL. grandifolium).solanopsis, 854, 656validum(seeL. solanopsis).Lyell, 1, 710Lysimachia vulgaris, 684
M
MacDougal, D.T., 62, 575, 590Macfarlane, 56, 255, 268Madia elegans, 779Magnolia, 355, 366, 428, 674, 675obovata, 355, 669Magnus, 228Mahonia aquifolia, 270Maize, 134, 775"Cuzco," 152European, 206"Gracillima," 152"Horse-dent," 152"Quarantino," 118Mallow, 663, 684Malva crispa, 684Maples, laciniate, 615Marchant, 592Marigold, 131, 158corn, 729field, 503, 505, 508garden, 503Japanese, 490, 494, 495Marsh-marigold, 331Martinet, 80Measart, 434Masters, 228, 370, 372Matricaria Chamomilla, 130Chamomilla discoidea, 156Matricaria discoidea, D.C., 157May-thorn, red, 196Medicago media, 264falcata, 264Melanium, 39Melons, 118Mendel, 6, 210, 294, 296, 306, 308Mendel's law, 276, 293, 294, 298, 299, 300, 301,307, 612, 613, 616, 716Mendelism, 307Mentha, 52Mercurialis annua, 420annua laciniata, 592Mercury, 420, 422, 425, 820Methods of investigation, 21Metzger, 205, 206Milde, 38Milfoil, 441Millardet, 266Miller, 611Millet, 105Mimulus, 151quinquevulnerus, 725Mimusops, 697Miocene period, 698Miquel, 83Mirabilis, 241Jalappa, 322Mirbel, 615Monardella macrantha, 444Monstrosities, 400, 401, 445, 446, 447Monkey-flower, 725Monocotyledonsancestry of, 1, 5regression in, 630Monotropa, 222, 661Morphologic units, 145, 152Monstrosities, 818Morganon mutation-theory, 9Morren, 244, 762Mountain-ash, 342Muller, Fritz, 775, 776, 780Multiplication, vegetative (see Asexual propagation)Munting, Abraham, 164, 165, 490, 762Munting's drawings, 512Murr, 158, 236Muscari comosam, 134Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 522Mutability vs. fluctuating variability, 568Mutation, 659, 674, 677, 685, 686, 694, 713, 716,825absence of intermediate steps in, 474, 480conditions for observing, 601decided within the seed, 28definition of, 7easily observed, 30experimental, 688few observations of, 8fluctuation vs., 7, 16, 719influence of on variability, 335iterative nature of, 476, , 703laws of, 556, 558, 560, 562, 564, 566, 568,570limited in time, 29observation of, 16inOenothera, 521, 525, 690oldest known, 609oldest recorded, 22periodic, 690, 692, 694perodicity of, 519progressive, 307repetition of, 476inSaponaria calabrica, 612simultaneous, 614in tomato, 655Mutations, 141, 275, 280, 445, 449, 573, 608, 620,626, 678, 685, 686, 701, 704, 712, 713, 716,800artificial, 402chance for useful, 598defined, 191frequency of, 597in garden-flowers, 488in horticulture, 604, 706latent, 703mode of appearance, 517numerical proportion of, 475original production of, 702peloric, 707periodic, 686, 705progressive, 704retrograde, 704stray, 704, 705, 706synonyms of, 191Mutation-period, 714Myosotis azorica, 368Myrtus communis, 684
N
Nageli, 60, 439, 443, 448, 795Nagelian principle, 448, 450, 451Natural selection, 18, 119, 120, 445, 456, 682,694, 703, 743, 744, 798-826basis, 604nature of, 6, 19Naudin, 118Nectarines, 137, 138, 226, 627Nemec, 578Neo-Lamarckiansprinciple of, 8Neo-Lamarckism 447Nepenthes, 671, 672, 673, 674Newton, 1, 732, 767Nicandra, 152Nigella, 134Nightshade, 298black, 282Nourishmentmeaning of, 732variability and 771Nuphar, 268Nutrition and growth, 720, 722Nymphaea, 698
O
Oats, 98, 100, 101, 105, 112, 113, 115, 119, 133,452"Early Angus," 115"Early Fellow," 115"Fine Fellow," 115"Hopetown," 112"Longfellow," 115"Make-him-rich," 112wild, 207, 803Oak, 136, 239Oenothera, 260, 262, 279, 700, 706, 708, 709European species, source of, 575mutation in, 521, 525, 585, 690, 708new species of, 516-546albida, 537, 553, 555, 563, 565, 573biennia, 82, 205, 256, 257, 258; 259, 262,263, 264, 521, 524, 527, 574, 575, 586,587, 683, 690, 708biennis cruciata, 22, 587brevistylis, 263, 280, 526, 529, 530, 547,563, 564, 565, 573, 574, 702, 706cruciata, 575, 585, 586, 589, 590, 683elliptica, 540, 545, 555, 562gigas, 533, 534, 535, 536; 537, 553, 554,563, 565, 566, 567, 573, 574, 702glauca, 424hirtella, 262laevifolia, 526, 528, 529, 547, 563, 564,573, 574, 701, 706lamarckiana, 17, 262, 262, 522, 523, 527,528, 529,, 533, 574, 575, 586, 690, 699pollination of, 524lata, 540, 541, 542, 549, 550, 551, 552,555, 559, 563, 566, 573, 574, 702leptocarpa, 540muricata, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 263,264, 513, 575, 690pollination of, 524nanella, 526, 531, 549, 50, 551, 552, 555,563, 564, 565, 566, 703oblonga, 537, 538, 552, 555, 563, 565, 566,572rubrinervis, 533, 534, 536, 537, 550, 551,552, 555, 563, 565, 568, 573, 574scintillans, 540, 543, 553, 555, 563, 566,573, 574mutability of, 544semilata, 540suaveolens, 521Oleander, 684Onagra, 262, 708, 709Onions, wild, 684Ononis repens, 577Orange, 90, 133, 134Orchids, 631Origin of species (Darwin), 109Orobanche, 220Othonna crassifolia, 442Otin, 618Oviedo, 89
P
Paeonia corallina leiocarpa, 126Paillat, 618Pangenes, 306Pangenesis, 306, 689Panicum, 105Pansies, 640Pansy, 118, 121Papaver alpinum, 139bracteatum, 661bracteatum monopetalum, 661commutatum, 357dubium glabrum, 126hybridism, 662somniferum Danebrog,162somniferum monstruosum, 371somniferum polycephalum, Parris, 754Parsleycrisped, 158, 181Parsnip, water, 457Pea-family, 344Peach, 138, 226, 240Peach-almond, 769Pears, 79, 90, 134, 147, 152, 203, 283Pearson, Karl, 716Peas, sugar, 135, 158Pedicularis, 410palustris, 410Pedigree-culture, 109experimental, 547Pelargonium, 272, 355Peloria, definition of, 164Peloric toad-flaxfirst record of, 466origin of, 459, 464, 472sterility of, 467PelorismAntirrhinum majus(see snapdragon)Digitalis purpurea, 482Gloxinia, 484, 485labiates, 486Laburnum, 485Lamium, 486.Linaria, see Toad-flaxLinaria dalmatica, 482Linaria vulgaris, 464orchids, 479, 486, 487Salvia, 486Scrophularia nodosa, 486snapdragon, 481toad-flax, 459-487Tropaeolum majus, 485Uropedium Lindenii, 487wild sage, 486Peltaria alliacea, 663Pennywort, marsh, 668Penzig, 638Periodicity, law of, 365, 368, 721, 722Periods, mutative, 706, 708Periwinkles, 322Persicaria, water, 433, 434, 435, 643Petalomany, 330Petunia, 491, 626Phacelia, 420, 422, 820Phaseolus lunatus, 592multiflorus, 202nanus, 202Phleum alpinum, 696Phlox, 232drummondi, 161Phyllonoma ruscifolia, 676Physiologic units, 144, 153, 249Picris hieraoioides, 411Pimpernel, scarlet, 162Pinacothec, Munich, 164Pine, 368, 804Pine-apples, 90, 134Pinks, 178Pinus sylvestris, 368Pistillody in poppies, 369, 370, 372Pitcher-plants, 671Plankton, 711Plantago, 53lanceolata, 520, 671, 684Plantain, 684Plater, 610Plum, 79, 134, 789beach, 58Japanese, 58purple-leaved, 619Plusia, 204Poa alpina vivipara, 684Podocarpus koraiana, 169Polemonium coeruleum, 282coeruleum album, 200dissectum, 161, 202Polygala, 242Polygonum amphibium, 432var.natansMoench, 433, 434var.terrestrisWench, 433, 434Convolvulus, 419, 424viviparum, 684Polymorphy, 188Pomegranate, 90Pond-lily, yellow, 268Poplar, fastigiate, 623, 624Italian, 623Populus italica, 622nigra, 624Poppy, 146, 151, 152, 163, 165, 241, 356, 640,723"Danebrog," 283, 291garden, 661"Mephisto," 283, 291opium, 89, 189, 195, 198, 282, 291, 369,371, 373, 379, 383, 391, 405, 406, 420, 452,720, 789pistillody in, 369pistilloid, 508polycephalous, 405Potatoes, 765, 810Potentilla Tormentilla, 52Pre-Linnean attitude, 2Primrose, 268, 372, 410evening (see evening-primrose).Primula acaulis, 52, 632elatior, 52, 633, 635grandiflora, 268imperialis, 697japonica, 410officinalis, 52, 268, 633, 635variabilis, 268veris, 52, 633, 634Prodromus (De Candolle) 370Progression, 430, 705, 774, 775, 777, 779, 805in evolution, 630Propagationasexual, 745, 751, 766, 767, 770, 774, 777sexual, 745, 777vegetative (see asexual)Proskowetz, Em. von, 70Prototypedefinition of, 170Prunus, 52cerasifera, 619Mahaleb, 617nana, 612maritima, 59Padus, 617Pissardi, 619variation in, 56Pyrethrum roseum, 511Pyrola, 222, 661
Q
Quartile, 736, 737, 767Quercus pedunculata fastigata, 596Quetelet's law, 463, 716, 717, 725, 730, 734,738, 748, 753, 759, 767, 775, 779, 780, 806
R
Races, inconstancy of improved, 770-797Raciborsky, 682Radishes, 325, 806Ragwort, tansy, 157Raisins, 134Rameses, 697Ranunculus, 331acris, 331arvensis, 282arvensis inermis, 125asiaticus, ,241bulbosus, 357, 410, 740Ra-n-Woser, King, 104Raphanus Raphanistrum, 202, 424,520caudatus, 202Rasor, John, 588, 589Raspberry, 268, 768"Phenomenal," 268"Primus," 269Siberian, 269Ratzeburg, 467Raunkiaeron variation inTaraxacum, 60Recessive character, 280Sports, 191, 715, 689bud, 427
S
Sprenger, 610, 611Stability, 155Stahl, 611Stellaria Holostea apetala, 585Stocks, 146, 322, 328, 329, 332, 334, 336, 338,432Stock"Brompton," 329chamois-colored, 198"Queen," 324white, 160Stork's-bill, white hemlock, 161Strasburger, 196, 448Strawberry, 158, 266, 342"Gaillon," 135"Giant of Zuidwijk," 614one-leaved, 164, 596, 666white, 158, 165Striped flowers, 309, 374, 431, 606, 607races, types of, 328Struggle for life, 674, 571, 682, 702, 799, 803,824, 825St. Johnswort, 725St. Sebastian, 164Sub-species (see also Elementary species), 224, 225Sugar-beets (see Beets, sugar)Sugar-cane, 731, 752"Black Manilla," 753"Cheribon," 753, 755, 756"Chunnic," 753"Hawaii," 755, 756seeds of, 754"White Manilla," 752Sundew, 268Sunflower, 410, 425, 820Sweet-flag, 222Sweet-pea, 160, 776Sweet William, 163, 282, 322, 648twisted variety, 408, 648Syncotyls, 417, 424Syringa vulgaris axurea plena, 763Systematic species, 12, 64, 101, 128nature of, 54, 62Systematic units, 61, 91
T
Tagetes africana, 510signata, 612"Talavera de Bellevue," 97Tanacetum vulgare, 131, 132, 236Tansy, 131, 132, 236Taraxacum, 125, 126officinale, 59, 411Tares, 105Taxus, 136baccata, 169baccata fastigiata, 170, 618minor, 169Teasels, 402, 642, 645, 674, 675twisted, 405, 412, 446, 447, 643, 646, 647,648, 819Tetragonia expansa, 162Theatre d'Agriculture, 72Thibault, 618Thomson, Sir William (see Kelvin, Lord)Thorn-apples, 139, 142, 143, 145, 238, 283, 300,452thornless, 234Thorn-broom, 457Thrincia hirta, 411Thuret, 38, 47, 49Thyme, white creeping, 201Thymus Serphyllum album, 201vulgaris, 577Tilia parvifolia, 355, 669Toad-flax, 267, 282, 707cross pollination of, 471experiment with, described, 468invisible dimorphous state of, 470, 471, 478latent tendency to mutation in, 479peloric, see Peloric toad flaxsterility of mutants, 477unusual pelorism, 486Tomato, 653"Acme," 656, 657"Mikado," 654mutation of, 655upright, 654"Washington," 657Tournefortauthor of genera, 32Tracy, W.W. 592Trees, genealogic, 707, 708Tricotyls, 416, 4 19, 420Trifolium incarnatum, 352Triticum dicoccum, 105Tropaeolum, 193, 668majus, pelorism of, 485"True Exercises with Plants" (hunting), 490Tulips, 149, 178, 274, 322black, 620Turnip, 244, 621Twisted stems, 402, 403, 405, 413Twisted varietiesatavists of, 406
U
Ulex europaeus, 140, 217Ulmus pedunculata, 615pedunculata urticaefolia, 615Umbellifers, 457Umbilicus, 669Unger, 105Unit-characters, 249, 261, 306, 307, 313, 658,689, 715, 716Urban, 265Uropedium lindenii, 487Utility, 685, 724Utricularia, 672
V
Vaccinium Myrtillus, 577Valerian, 402, 409, 648twisted, 403Valeriana officinalis, 402Vallisneria, 684.Van den Berg, 625Van de Water, 614Van Mons, 76, 77, 78, 806Variability (see also Fluctuation ), 188, 190, 191analogous, 244apple, 75asexual, 320correlative, 142, 143, 148, 167cultivated plants, 66embryonic, 770, 771, 814ever-recurring, 190fluctuating (see also individual), 62, 142,190, 233, 375, 416, 454, 698, 759, 762, 765,766, 767, 770, 771, 789, 805, 814fluctuating vs. mutability 569homologous, 244individual (see also fluctuating), 190, 716,718, 746, 749, 770, 814influence of mutation on, 335kinds of, 715nutrition and, 390, 391, 719, 771parallel, 243partial, 440, 444, 718, 746, 748, 753, 814,816repeated, 242restricted, 598sectional, 317sexual, 320sources of, 758Variationbud, 176, 178, 180, 284, 317, 318, 321, 338,427, 750definition of, 188partial, 788, 789seed, 750spontaneous, 191use of term, 189Variegation, 426, 427Varietal marks, origin of, 275Varieties, 84, 95, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 142broom-like, 618, 624constancy of, 532constant, 135crosses of species with, 247, 277, 278, 281elementary species vs. 459ever-sporting, 178, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313,321, 324, 328, 329, 332, 333, 334, 350, 358,365, 368, 372, 399, 413, 420, 430, 431, 432,434, 445, 606, 607, 628, 740, 789, 790, 795fasciated (see Fasciated stems).groups of, 606horticultural, 607, 609hybrid, 122, 190, 608hybrids of, 210, 254, 255inconstant, 135, 154; 155, 161mutation of, 141negative (retrogressive), 131, 132, 134, 224,226, 238, 245, 277positive, 131, 132, 134, 224, 238, 245pure, 122, 190retrograde, 14, 15, 16, 95, 121, 208, 430,435, 606, 607retrogressive (see negative).seed, 122single, 191spontaneous crosses, 209sporting (see inconstant)stability of, 207sterile, 622types of, 142variable, 606vegetative, 122weeping, 617Variety, 130definition of, 11, 12elementary species vs. 141, 152, 154, 224,243, 247, 251origin of, 141, 152, 224use of term, 189, 435Variety-testing, 95, 97, 116, 119, 743, 799, 825Varro, 106Veitch & Sons, 272Venus' looking-glass, 367Verlot, 186, 612Vernon, 132Vernonia cinerea, 450Veronica longifolia, 282, 284scutellata, 139spicata nitens, 126Viburnum Opulus, 134, 239Vicinism, 185, 188, 203, 205, 206, 213, 214, 776definition of, 188, 192, 606Vicinist, 199, 201Vicoa aurioulata, 450Victoria regia, 668VillarsonDraba verna, 49Vilmorin, 570, 607, 612, 622, 661, 662, 773, 775,776; 792, 795, 796, 797, 806, 807, 810, 813,818, 820Vilmorin, Louis de, 72, 92, 93, 97, 108, 109, 110,114, 185, 818Vilmorin, Messrs., 322Vinca, 242, 490minor, 322Vine, parsley-leaved, 179Viola, 126, 546, 547, 692agrestis, 45alpestris, 40altaica, 39anopetala, 44arvensis, 39, 40, 41, 44curtisepala, 45striolata, 45aurobadia, 44caloarata, 39cornuta, 39, 281lutea, 38lutescens, 44nemausensis, 45ornatissima, 44palescens, 45patens, 45roseola, 44segetatis, 45stenochila, 41tricolor, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46ammotropha, 41coniophila, 41genuina, 42versicolor, 42Violets, 63, 232, 233, 490Violet, dame's, 322, 323, 411long-spurred, 281Virgil, 105, 106, 108Viscaria oculata, 4, 648, 821twisted variety, 408Vitis, 52Volckamer, 228Von Lochow, 821, 822, 822Von Rumker, 94Von Wettstein, 448, 805Vrolik, 164, 483
W
"Waare Oeffeninge der Planten" (Munting), 490Wallace, 5, 7, 8, 30, 205Wall-flower, 370, 371Walnut, 243, 766cut-leaved, 616one-bladed, 666Water-lilies, 668Weber, 228Weeping-willow, 180crisped, 181Weigelias, 740Wellingtonia, 618Wheat, 96, 98, 105, 113, 119, 283, 810, 823bearded, 98"Blue-stem," 117"Galland," 100, 207"Hopetown," 112, 112"Hunter's," 111, 112"Minnesota No. 169," 117"Mungoswell's," 110, 111"Pedigree," 109"Pringle's," 114"Rivett's bearded," 207"Sheriff's bearded red," 114"Sheriff's bearded white," 114"White Hunter's," 112Wheat-ear carnation, 227White, C.A., 656, 657White varieties, 577Whitlow-grasses, 63, 118, 119Whorls, ternate, 684Wild sage (see Salvia)Willdenow, 468, 666, 667Williamson, 491Willows, 135, 267Willowweeping (see Weeping-Willow)Willow-herb, 268, 269, 682Wintercress, 427Wintergreen, 661Wittmack, 682Wittrock, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46Wooton, E.O., 140Wormseed, 638
X
Xanthium canadense, 140commune, 140, 152, 591commune Wootoni, 22Wootoni, 140, 152, 591
Y
Yarrow, 131, 132Yew, 136, 169pyramidal, 618
Z
Zea Mays cryptosperma, 641tunicata, 641Zinnia, 490Zioberg, 466Zocher & Co., 230