CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XThe Borzois or Russian WolfhoundThe Borzois appears to be unquestionably of Russian origin, being, in anatomical structure, closely allied to the Greyhound, and in his native country is used for hunting the wolf, a brace being "slipped" after the wolf has been beaten out of cover, much in the same fashion as Greyhounds' coursing. The Hounds retain their hold until the huntsman arrives to secure it.Russian Wolfhounds have during recent years become remarkably fashionable in England, probably in a large measure owing to the fact that Queen Alexandra, the Duchess of Newcastle—who owns some of the finest specimens of the breed in this country—and many others of aristocratic lineage, have been keen supporters of these noble creatures. In England, the only use for these hounds is that of companionship. They are, when trained, fairly good house dogs, though the uncertain temper of many of these Hounds renders them not very reliable. Although always carrying a most benignant expression, this will often be found to be deceptive.A typical Borzoi should have a long, lean head; flat and narrow skull, and long, tapering muzzle, the head of the bitch being somewhat finer than that of the dog.Greyhound-likeears, and dark, elliptically-shaped eyes.Chest, narrow and deep, with great depth of rib behind the elbows, one of the most striking features of the breed.Neck, very muscular, rather long and deep where it joins the shoulders, and these ought to be fairly oblique, but well clothed with muscles.A long, straight back and broad loins, with powerful quarters, long thighs and low-placed, strong hocks are counted points for the show bench. The hind limbs, in relation to the body, are placed very far back, only just appearing to be under it at the lower part of the extremities when the dog is standing still.Tail must be heavily feathered, long, and carried down, the so-called "gay" carriage being a drawback.Fore-Limbs.—Good fore-limbs are asine qua non. The arms should be well muscled, and the forearms long, straight, broadening out as they approach the arms, and tapering from a trifle above the knees until the feet are reached. These ought to be long, toes well arched, and close.Colour.—Grey, or orange patches on a white ground.Coat.—Short and smooth on the head, ears, and fore-limbs. The frill on neck should be abundant and somewhat curly. That covering the head, body, tail, and hind-quarters, long and silky.Height.—Dogs from 28 inches, and bitches from 26 inches.Faults.—A drooping nose; sickle-shaped carriage of the tail, short back, weak forehand, etc.Club.—The Borzoi, formed in 1892.The BeagleThis is a very ancient variety of sporting dog, and one that was much in favour during the Elizabethan period, these miniature Hounds even at that time being spoken of as the "merry, singing Beagles."The typical Beagle is a modification of the Foxhound, and has every appearance of having been derived, by selection, from this source.Just as the Foxhound is used for hunting the fox, the Harrier for hunting the hare, so is the Beagle employed for rabbit-hunting—hence the term "Rabbit Beagles," of which there are many small packs of these splendid little creatures up and down this, and other countries sometimes used for hare-hunting.The smaller ones—Pocket Beagles in particular—are lovely little Hounds, and to the sportsman wholoves hunting on foot, they are ideal field companions.Typical specimens of the breed are, in our opinion, handsome; their symmetrical form and workmanlike appearance carry an irresistible charm into the heart of the rabbit-hunter.There is also the Rough-coated Beagle, and for these a class is usually provided at the Kennel Club and Cruft shows, in London.In order to breed Pocket Beagles it is advisable to select as small a sire and dam as possible, because there seems to be a natural tendency for these Hounds to become over, rather than under, sized.By instinct, the Beagle seems to take to work.Taking puppies out along with a "schoolmaster" or "mistress" will generally be sufficient education, if carried out in systematic lessons.These Hounds are, as a rule, quiet and affectionate, and some are not at all bad house dogs, though, of course, this is quite outside the uses for which they have been designed.When purchasing Beagles, more especially for work, there are several important matters to look to.Buy Hounds having a dense, rather coarse coat; short, strong, upright pasterns, cat-like feet, short back, heavily muscled on the quarters and second thighs, and well-hearted,i.e., a deep chest and well-sprung ribs.A Group of Leyswood Beagles.Pocket Beagle Cheerful of Rodnance(Property of MrsOughton Giles).Good coupling is essential.Long ears, low set on, fine, and hanging close to cheek are additional points of beauty.The classes at the London Kennel Club shows are:—1. Not exceeding 10 inches.2. Not exceeding 12 inches.3. Over 10 but not over 12 inches.4. Over 12 but not over 16 inches.5. In the Novice Class—any height.6. Class for Rough Coats.The following descriptions and standards of points will afford the reader the best information upon the subject, but as the English and American standards differ somewhat in details, the author deems it advisable to insert the descriptions framed by both clubs.1. ENGLISH BEAGLE CLUBDescription and Standard of PointsHead.—Of fair length, powerful, without being coarse, skull domed, moderately wide, with an indication of peak, "stop" well defined, muzzle not snipy, and lips well flewed.Nose.—Black, broad, and nostrils well-expanded.Eyes.—Brown, dark hazel or hazel, not deep-set or bulgy, and with a mild expression.Ears.—Long, set on low, fine in texture, and hanging in a graceful fold close to the cheek.Neck.—Moderately long, slightly arched, and throat showing some dewlap.Shoulders.—Clean and slightly sloping.Body.—Short between the couplings, well let down in chest, ribs fairly well sprung and well ribbed up, with powerful, and not tucked-up loins.Hind-quarters.—Very muscular about the thighs, stifles and hocks well bent, the latter well let down.Forelegs.—Quite straight, well under the dog, of good substance and round in bone; feet round, well knuckled up, and strongly padded.Stern.—Of moderate length, set on high, carried gaily, but not curled over the back.Colour.—Any recognised Hound colour.Coat.—Smooth variety: smooth, very dense, and not too fine or short. Rough variety: very dense and wiry.Height.—Not exceeding 16 inches.General Appearance.—A compactly-built Hound, without coarseness, conveying the impression of great stamina and activity.Pocket Beagles must not exceed 10 inches in height, although ordinary Beagles in miniature. No point, however good in itself, should be encouraged, if it tends to give a coarse appearance to such minute specimens of the breed. They should be compactand symmetrical throughout, of true Beagle type, and show great quality and breeding.Classification.—It is recommended that Beagles should be divided at shows into Rough and Smooth, with classes for "not exceeding 16 inches and over 12 inches"; "not exceeding 12 inches and over 10"; and "not exceeding 10 inches."Standard of PointsSkull6Ears10Eyes3Expression5Muzzle, jaws, and lip10Coat5Legs and feet15Neck and shoulders10Chest5Back, loins, and ribs15Hind-quarters10Stern6——100═══Disqualifying Point.—Any kind of mutilation. (It is permissible to remove the dewclaws.)2. AMERICAN BEAGLE CLUBPoints, &c.Head.—The skull should be moderately domed at the occiput, with the cranium broad and full. The ears set on low, long, and fine in texture, the forward or front edge closely framing and inturned to the cheek, rather broad and rounded at the tips, with an almost entire absence of erectile power at their origin.Eyes.—The eyes full and prominent, rather wide apart, soft and lustrous, brown or hazel in colour. The orbital processes well developed. The expression gentle, subdued, and pleading.Muzzle.—The muzzle of medium length, squarely cut, the "stop" well defined. The jaws should be level. Lips either free from, or with moderate, flews. Nostrils large, moist, and open.Defects.—A flat skull, narrow across the top of head, absence of dome. Ears short, set on too high; or when the dog is excited, rising above the line of the skull at their points of origin, due to an excess of erectile power. Ears pointed at tips, thick or boardy in substance, or carried out from cheek, showing a space between. Eyes of a light or yellow colour. Muzzle long and snipy. Pig jaws, or the reverse, known as undershot. Lips showing deep, pendulous flews.Disqualifications.—Eyes close together, small, beady, and Terrier-like.Neck and Throat.—Neck rising free and light from the shoulders, strong in substance, yet not loaded; of medium length. The throat clean, and free from folds of skin; a slight wrinkle below the angle of the jaw, however, may be allowable.Defects.—A thick, short, cloddy neck carried on a line with the top of the shoulders. Throat showing dewlap and folds of skin to a degree termed "throatiness."Shoulders and Chest.—Shoulders somewhat declining, muscular, but not loaded, conveying the idea of freedom of action with lightness, activity, and strength. Chest moderately broad and full.Defects.—Upright shoulders and a disproportionately wide chest.Back, Loins, and Ribs.—Back short, muscular, and strong. Loin broad and slightly arched, and the ribs well sprung, giving abundant lung-room.Defects.—A long or swayed back, a flat, narrow loin, or a flat, constricted rib.Forelegs and Feet.—Forelegs straight, with plenty of bone. Feet close, firm, and either round or hare-like in form.Defects.—Cow-hocks and open feet.Tail.—The tail should be carried gaily, well up, and with some medium curve, rather short as comparedwith the size of the dog, and clothed with a decided brush.Defects.—A long tail, with a "tea-pot" curve.Disqualifications.—A thinly-haired, rattish tail, with entire absence of brush.Coat.—Moderately coarse in texture, and of good length.Disqualifications.—A short, close, and nappy coat.Height.—The meaning of the term "Beagle" (a word of Celtic origin, and in Old English, "Begele") is small, little. The dog was so named from his diminutive size. Your Committee, therefore, for the sake of consistency, and that the Beagle shall be in fact what his name implies, strongly recommend that the height line shall be sharply drawn at 15 inches, and that all dogs exceeding that height shall be disqualified as overgrown and outside the pale of recognition.Colour.—All Hound colours are admissible. Perhaps the most popular is black, white and tan. Next in order is the lemon and white, the blue and lemon mottles; then follow the solid colours, such as black-and-tan, tan, lemon, fawn, etc. This arrangement is of course arbitrary, the question being one governed entirely by fancy. The colours first named form the most lively contrast, and blend better in the pack, the solid colours being sombre and monotonous to the eye. It is not intended to give a point value to colour in the scale for judging, as beforesaid all trueHound colours being correct. The following remarks on the subject are therefore simply suggestive.General Appearance.—A miniature Foxhound, solid and big for his inches, with the wear-and-tear look of the dog that can last in the chase and follow his quarry to the death.Note.—Dogs possessing such serious faults as are enumerated under the heading of "Disqualifications" are under the grave suspicion of being of impure blood. Under the heading of "Defects," objectionable features are indicated, such departures from the standard not, however, impugning the purity of the breeding.CHAPTER XIThe DachshundLike many other varieties of the dog, the origin of the Dachshund seems to be involved in obscurity, though there are fairly reasonable grounds for concluding that the home of the Dachshund is Germany, where the terrier-like type is that cultivated, the Hound characteristics of the breed having become largely developed through the English system of breeding.To anyone unacquainted with this breed of dog in his own country, the Hound features are the most striking, in fact, so overshadow anything of the Terrier element as to completely obscure it.Some few years since the Dachshund was an exceedingly fashionable variety of dog, chiefly as a lady's companion.Dachshund Champion Snakes Prince(Property of Mrde Boinville).]A Brace of Typical Dachshunds(Property of Mrde Boinville).Dachshund Dog and Bitch(Property of MrsGerald Spencer).Red Dachshund Victoria Regina(Property of MissBlackoe).Latterly he seems to have been displaced by the Pomeranian, Pekinese, and Japanese Spaniels. This brings us back to the adage that "every dog has his day." So with the Dachshund, yet the classes at the London shows are always well filled. The Terrier-type of Hound is usually smaller and built upon lighter lines. The legs are not so crooked, the head shorter, so are the ears.In weight they are from 10 to 16 lbs. or thereabout.The so-called Toy Dachshund or Spiel Dachs are a diminutive production of the smallest Terrier-type of the variety, but not specially sought after, at least in this country.In England Dachshunds are but rarely used for sporting purposes, but in Germany they are largely employed for hunting the fox in his home.These little dogs can go into the earth after any fox, and are not long in giving tongue when Reynard is in the ground, and if several of these little dogs are at work on one fox they are not long in causing him to bolt, or settle the dispute by underground combat. With the badger—always a formidable antagonist—these little dogs are said to be equally game, usually fighting to a finish. A few sportsmen have made use of Dachshunds for driving rabbits out of cover, but they have no particular qualification in this respect, and are decidedly inferior to the Beagle, or a pack of Beagles for this purpose.It is a variety of dog not the easiest to rear, distemper being, as in most other breeds, accountable for the high mortality amongst them.The colour of Dachshunds varies considerably, but the chief ones are, deep red, chocolate and tan, fallow-red, black-and-tan, and dapple.White on the body is objectionable, less so on the feet.The so-called "Tiger Dachs," or steel-blue and tan-colour is uncommon, though it gives the animal a very handsome appearance. At the London Kennel Club shows there is a class for dappled dogs and bitches. As a rule, the crossing of a black-and-tan Dachs with a red one, produces puppies true to type,i.e., some are black and tan, others red, and not a mixture of these two colours. A red dog and bitch, will, however, sometimes throw a black-and-tan puppy; or a black-and-tan sire and dam produce a whole-red puppy. This is precisely what happens with certain other varieties.There are really three varieties of coat, viz.:—(a) The Smooth.(b) The Rough.(c) Wire-haired.The coat should be short and thick and the skin remarkably loose—a characteristic feature of the breed, and one that undoubtedly affords the animal a degree of protection during combat.Head.—This is distinctly wedge-shaped and large in proportion to the size of the animal. Jaws strong.Nose.—Black or Dudley (flesh) coloured. A red dog may have a black nose.Eyes.—Well apart, with brown or black iris.Ears.—These ought to be long, thin, covered by silky short hair and free from scales.Neck.—Short and thick.Chest.—Wide and deep, almost touching ground.Shoulders.—The shoulders are very prominent and heavily clad with muscle, giving the dog a square appearance in front. A long body and well-rounded ribs are essentials.Legs, Feet and Toes.—Most important. The forearm should be short and thick, running inwards so as to form almost right angles with the parts below. At the wrists or knees the parts touch each other and almost immediately bend outwards (splay-feet), as long, flat paws. These latter ought to be large and shovel-shaped, bearing long, strong, slightly-hooked claws of a black or brown colour, a white claw (as in Pugs) being objectionable. The more the "crook" the better. This, with well-rounded ribs and a long body, constitutes one of the chief points in a Dachshund, giving it a well-let-down appearance, but not too low.Hind-quarters.—Strength in this region is of greatimportance, the croup being well-rounded and the thighs strong. The loins must be well arched. The tail thick and tapering, and carried like that of the Foxhound under excitement. It must not curl over the back, this being one of the worst faults a Dachshund can have.From 17 to 22 lbs. is the average weight of dogs in fair condition.The Dachshund Club, and the Northern Dachshund Association, are the two principal societies, in this country, presiding over the interests of the breed.The service of A1 stud dogs can be had at fees from two to four guineas, and excellent youngsters obtained from three to ten or twelve guineas.The Basset-houndThis is said to be a very ancient variety of dog, having existed in France for several centuries. In France the term "Basset" is frequently employed to indicate any crooked-legged variety of dog, being synonymous with the English word "Terrier" and the German "Dachs." Consequently the word "Basset," when applied to a dog in France, may become a very ambiguous one. There are Rough and Smooth-coated strains of Basset-hounds, but the Smooth-coatedare the most popular varieties, and most of the Hounds shown at the Kennel Club shows are of the Smooth-coated variety, although this useful canine body provides a class for Rough-coated ones in addition. The Smooth-coated Basset had his origin in the province of Artois, whilst the Rough-coated variety came from Flanders. Although there are the crooked, half-crooked, and straight-legged Bassets in both Rough and Smooth coats, the only one of interest in this country is that having the full-crook of leg.The late Mr Everett Millais brought the breed into prominence in England in 1874, through the importation of a famous Basset, called Model.He purchased this hound at the Jardin d'Acclimation in Paris.This animal was the foundation-stone of the Basset as he appears in England at the present day.The late Mr G. R. Krehl did much towards the improvement of the breed, and later, many other enthusiastic admirers, none more so than Mrs Tottie.The scenting powers of these dogs are said to be exceptional, and many prefer them to Beagles for rabbiting, their deep, clear musical notes telling one exactly of their whereabouts. Most of these Hounds are exceedingly sweet-tempered, though rather troublesome to rear.In height they are from 9 to 12 inches at shoulder, but 12 inches is a desirable height, and about 40 lbs. weight.Colour.—The most popular one is the tricolour, viz., white body with black markings and a tan-coloured head. Many varieties of white and black and tan.Coat.—Glossy, smooth and close, but the hair must be hard enough to make the jacket fairly waterproof.Head.—Taken as a whole in the Smooth-coated variety, the head has the expression not unlike that of a Bloodhound, chiefly owing to the high peak, deeply-set eyes, exposed "haw" and close carriage of the ears at their set-on . This expression of face is, however, overshadowed in the Rough-coated variety, the Airedale or Otterhound being more in evidence in this region.In the Smooth-coated variety there is often a very weird expression on the face, and one that betokens a good-natured animal. Head must be long, have a good peak (no "stop"), and be rather narrow, but no snipy appearance. A typical head and ears, a good front and long body are, in short, the principal beauties of the Basset, and points of vital importance in judging the breed. A black nose, strong teeth, good long cheeks (flews as they are called), and a long, strong jaw with large, long, velvety ears, complete the beauties in the region of the head.Mr Proctor's Basset-hound Bitch Queen of the Geisha.[Fall, Photographer.A Brace of Typical Smooth-coated Basset-hounds(Property of MrsLubbock, Farnborough).Smooth-coated Basset-hound Bitch and Her Puppies.Smooth Basset-hound Dog Champion Louis Le Beau.Died 1902. A veritable pillar of the Stud Book (Property of MrsTottie).Typical Smooth-coated Basset Bitch.(Note the perfection of facial expression).A Group of Champion Smooth-coated Bassets.[Horner, Photographer, Settle.Typical Rough Basset Bitch(Bred by MrsTottie).[Horner, Photographer, Settle.Rough-coated Basset-hound Dog Champion Puritan.Fore-quarters and Chest.—Viewed from the front and in profile, this region is powerfully built, the chest nearly touching the ground, the shoulders short and muscular, arm very short, with a short, stoutly-made forearm, turning in at the knee. From the wrist (knee) the parts below turn outwards, so as to give the Hound a very splay-footed appearance.Typical Rough-coated Basset Dog.The back is long, somewhat hollow, rising slightlyat the loins to the top of the croup, and from this very powerful muscles should spring. Weak hind-quarters are a serious defect. Well-rounded ribs and plenty of loose skin, especially over the tops of the shoulders and back, are desirable qualifications for the show ring.Our illustration represents one of the most typical Basset-hound bitches ever seen.Club.—The Basset Society.Rules of the Basset-hound Club.1. That the name of this Club be "The Basset-hound Club."2. That the objects of the Club be to promote the breeding of pure Smooth-coated and Rough-coated Basset-hounds, to define precisely, and publish a description of the true type; to urge the adoption of such type on breeders, exhibitors, judges, dog-show committees and others, as the only recognised and unvarying standard by which Basset-hounds should be judged, and which may in future be uniformly accepted as the standard of excellence in breeding, and in awarding prizes of merit in Basset-hounds: and by giving prizes, supporting and originating shows, and taking other steps to do allin its power to protect and advance the interests of the breed.3. That the Club compile a correct Stud Book for dogs and bitches, containing the names and pedigrees, as far as can be ascertained, of all pure-bred Basset-hounds, and keep a register of the birth of pure-bred Basset-hounds.4. That in the event of a Hound winning a prize under the Kennel Club Rules, whose pedigree does not agree with the Basset-hound Club Stud Book, the same shall be objected to on behalf of the Club by the Hon. Sec., with a view to the investigation of its correctness, but in any case the Club Special which may go into the prizes shall be withheld.5. That the Club consist of unlimited number of Members, whose names and addresses shall be entered in a book to be kept by the Secretary, which book shall be open for inspection at reasonable times. That any respectable person favourable to the object of the Club be eligible for Membership, except professional dealers. That ladies be eligible for Membership.6. That each candidate for admission be proposed by one Member of the Club personally known to him, and seconded by another, also personally known to him. That the first twenty Members be original members.7. That the Annual Subscription be two guineas.That the Annual Subscription be due on 1st January of each year, and that any Member failing to pay his Subscription before 31st January have notice given him by the Treasurer; and if his Subscription be still unpaid on 31st March, his rights of Membership shall cease until he has paid his Subscription which is in arrear, and he shall render himself liable to be struck off the list of Members of the Club, unless he can give a satisfactory explanation to the Committee. That the liability of Members shall be limited to their Entrance Fee and Annual Subscription.8. That the Club offer no prizes or cups at any show not held under the Kennel Club Rules, except at such other shows as the Committee or Sub-Committee may especially approve.9. That the affairs of the Club shall be managed by a Committee of eight or a Sub-Committee of three, including a Treasurer and Secretary. Three shall form a quorum. That the Committee and Sub-Committee shall retire annually, but shall be eligible for re-election. That the Election of Members to serve on Committee and Sub-Committee be held Annually.10. That the election of Members shall be made by ballot of Committee or Sub-Committee, two black balls to exclude. That the election of a Member shall be at once notified to him by the Secretary, andthe Member shall at once be liable for his Entrance Fee and Subscription for the current year.11. That the Committee or Sub-Committee meet at least twice a year, and that they have full power to transact all business relating to the Club which they may think fit; to make necessary bye-laws, to arbitrate in disputed matters, to refuse admission to the Club, to decide upon the value and nature of the prizes to be offered at the various shows, and to deal with any question not provided for by these Rules. That seven days' notice must be given of Committee Meetings.12. That any Member of the Club who shall be proved to the satisfaction of the Committee or Sub-Committee to have in any way misconducted himself in connection with Dogs or Dogs Shows, or to have in any way acted in opposition to the Rules and principles upon which the Club has been established, or in any other manner which would make it undesirable that he should continue to be a member, be expelled from the Club. That such Member shall have no claim against the Club. That the Committee or Sub-Committee may report the expulsion of such Member to the Kennel Club with a view to his being disqualified from exhibiting at any show held under the Kennel Club Rules, and from competing for prizes or cups offered by this Club or the Kennel Club.13. That there be one General Meeting of the Club each year, to be held at such time as may be found suitable by the Committee or Sub-Committee.14. That an Extraordinary General Meeting may be convened by the Secretary. That such Extraordinary General Meeting shall have power only to deal with the objects for which it was called.15. That all Minutes of Meetings be read at the commencement of, and be approved and confirmed by, the next subsequent Meeting.16. That all expenses incurred by the Treasurer or Secretary for or on behalf of the Club be defrayed out of the funds of the Club.17. That an Annual Report, the names of the Members and Officers, and the Annual Statement of Accounts (duly audited by two Members of the Committee) be printed, and supplied to each Member not later than 11th February in each year.18. That no new Rule, or alteration of existing Rules, or reversal of any former act or decision, shall ever be made without a fortnight's notice being given previously in writing to all Members, and without the sanction of at least two-thirds of the Members present. That it shall be competent for any Member unable to attend the Meeting to record, by letter to the Secretary, his opinion to be read atthe Meeting, such opinion to be entered in the minutes.19. That it be competent for any Member to withdraw from the Club on giving notice to the Secretary before 11th December (such Member to have no claim on the Club); provided always that such Member shall be liable for his subscription to the Club for the current year in which he gives such notice.20. That every Member bring to the notice of the Club Committee any apparent dishonesty at Dog Shows, &c., against which the Club may publish a formal protest.21. That the Club shall, if possible, hold a special Basset-hound Exhibition, at least once in each year, either confined to members of the Club, or open, as the Committee or Sub-Committee may determine. That the judges at this exhibition be appointed solely by the Club, and that the dogs be judged according to the standard of excellence as defined by the Club.22. That at other shows, not held or managed by the Club, prizes, cups, or certificates of merit may be provided by the Club for the competition in Basset-hound classes, where these classes are judged by judges appointed or approved by the Club, and according to the standard of excellence adopted by the Club.23. That a list of Members competent and willing to act as judges of Basset-hounds be annually made by the Committee or Sub-Committee, and the Secretary shall, on the application of the Committee, Secretary, &c., of any Dog Show, send a copy of such list, and arrange with the gentlemen chosen to act as judges at such show; the expenses to be borne by the show at which the judges officiate.24. That the judges shall not exhibit at, or be interested either directly or indirectly in, any show at which they officiate.25. That at all shows at which the Club offers prizes or cups, the name of the judge shall be, prior to the date of closing of the entries for such show, submitted to the Secretary of the Club, for the approval of the Committee.26. That Members may vote by proxy at the General Meeting, such proxies to be sent to the Secretary or Treasurer at least forty-eight hours before the time of Meeting.27. In the above Rules the word "dog" shall mean both sexes.28. That the payment of his Subscription by any Member shall imply his full acquiescence in the above Rules.Points of Basset-hound(Smooth)Head, skull, eyes, muzzle, and flews15Ears15Neck, dewlap, chest and shoulders10Forelegs and feet15Back, loins and hind-quarters10Stern5Coat and skin10Colour and markings15"Basset character" and symmetry5——Total100═══General Appearance1. To begin with, theheadis the most distinguishing part of all breeds. The head of the Basset-hound is most perfect when it closest resembles a Bloodhound's. It is long and narrow, with heavy flews, occiput prominent, "la bosse de la chasse," and forehead wrinkled to the eyes, which should be kind, and show the haw. The general appearance of the head must present high breeding and reposeful dignity; the teeth are small, and the upper jaw sometimes protrudes. This is not a fault, and is called the "bec de lievre."2. Theearsare very long, and when drawn forwardfolding well over the nose—so long, that in hunting they will often actually tread on them; they are set on low, and hang loose in folds like drapery, the ends inward curling, in texture thin and velvety.3. Theneckis powerful, with heavy dewlaps. Elbows must not turn out. The chest is deep, full, and framed like a "man-of-war." Body long and low.4.Forelegsshort, about 4 inches, and close-fitting to the chest till the crooked knee, from where the wrinkled ankle ends in a massive paw, each toe standing out distinctly.5. Thestiflesare bent, and the quarters full of muscle, which stands out, so that when one looks at the dog from behind it gives him a round barrel-like effect. This, with their peculiar waddling gait, goes a long way towards Basset character—a quality easily recognised by the judge, and as desirable as Terrier character in a Terrier.6. Thesternis coarse underneath, and carried Hound-fashion.7. Thecoatis short, smooth and fine, and has a gloss on it like that of a racehorse. (To get this appearance, they should be hound-gloved, never brushed.) Skin loose and elastic.8. Thecolourshould be black, white and tan; the head, shoulders, and quarters a rich tan, and black patches on the back. They are also sometimes hare-pied.Points of the Basset-hound(Rough)Head and ears20Body, including hind-quarters35Legs and feet20Coat15"Basset character," etc10——Total100═══General Appearance1. Theheadshould be large, the skull narrow but of good length, the peak well developed. The muzzle should be strong, and the jaws long and powerful: a snipy muzzle and weakness of jaw are objectionable. The eyes should be dark and not prominent. The ears should be set on low, of good length and fine texture.2. Theneckshould be strong, of good length and muscular, set on sloping shoulders.3. Thebodyshould be massive, of good length and well ribbed up, any weakness or slackness of loin being a bad fault. The chest should be large and very deep, the sternum prominent.4. Theforelegsshould be short and very powerful, very heavy in bone, either half-crooked or nearlystraight. The elbows should lie against the sides of the chest, and should not turn out.5.Hind-quartersshould be powerful and muscular, the hind-legs should be rather longer than the forelegs, and should be well bent at the stifles.6.Sternof moderate length and carried gaily, should be set on high.7.Coat.—An extremely important point. It should be profuse, thick and harsh to the touch, with a dense undercoat. The coat may be wavy.8.Colour.—Any recognised Hound colour.9.Weight.—Dogs, from 40 to 50 lbs., bitches rather less.The Rough Basset should appear a very powerful Hound for his size, on short, strong legs. Body massive and a good length, without slackness of loin. The feet should be thick, well padded and not open. The expression should be kindly and intelligent. Any unsoundness should disqualify the Hound.SECTION EFox TerriersCHAPTER XIISmooth-coatedWire-hairedClub RulesCHAPTER XIIThe Fox TerrierThese Terriers have been for a number of years, and still are, exceedingly popular, chiefly, we believe on account of the following reasons:—(1) Their size renders them easily and conveniently kept; (2) their gameness makes them good for destroying vermin, such as rats, etc.; (3) making excellent house dogs, and are smart, active companions, and as such suitable for both sexes.At most shows the Fox Terrier classes are better filled than those devoted to any other variety.There is very little reliable information as to how and when the Fox Terrier sprang into existence, as it is hundreds of years since Terriers were writtenabout, though very little can be gleaned, as the word at that time had a very ambiguous meaning, consequently most of such records become speculative when discussing the probable origin of any given type of Terrier.Rawdon B. Lee, in his book on the Fox Terrier, gives numerous extracts from various ancient writers with reference to the early history of the Fox Terrier, but the information leaves one very little wiser, upon the earlier history of these game little Terriers. It is a problem that bears every possibility of remaining unsolved.For the present purpose it is sufficient to know that the breed is with us in a very high state of perfection, and that this has been attained by selection within the last fifty years, or thereabout.Whether these Terriers, as we find them on the show bench, are equal to the tasks usually imposed upon their predecessors, is another matter, and one that Fox Terrier men, in general, are not always inclined to discuss.That there are any amount of game Fox Terriers on the show bench there is abundant evidence to prove, but we have no knowledge as to whether these constitute the majority.Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Jof.Champion South Cave Leger(Property of MrA. Jowett).Smooth Fox Terrier Duke of Doncaster(Property of MrsBennett Edwards).The Fox Terrier Club, the Fylde Fox Terrier Club, and Fox Terrier clubs galore in other parts of the country have done wonders towards improving the show-bench qualities of the modern Fox Terrier, and still more to render him popular in almost all parts of the globe.There are two varieties—the Smooth and the Wire-haired, but of the two the Smooth are in greater demand, requiring much less attention to their toilet.Fox Terriers are very easy to rear, are hardy, usually of good constitution, pleasant in the house, though not always reliable with children, more especially under provocation.Puppies should be docked when they are two or three weeks old, and weaned about the fifth week. Before showing, we recommend washing on the previous day, adding a little blue to the water. Hard coats are greatly softened by washing.The Fox Terrier Club's description leaving little to be desired as to the show points of the Terrier, the author has taken the liberty of reproducing it as issued by that body.Standard of Points Recommended by the Fox Terrier ClubHead and Ears(value 15).—The skull should be flat and moderately narrow, and gradually decreasing in width to the eyes. Not much "stop" should be apparent, but there should be more dip in the profile between the forehead and top jaw than is seen in the case of a Greyhound.The cheeks must not be full.The ears should be V-shaped and small, of moderate thickness, and dropping forward close to the cheek, not hanging by the side of the head like those of a Foxhound.The jaw, upper and under, should be strong and muscular; should be of fair punishing strength, but not so in any way to resemble the Greyhound or modern English Terrier. There should not be much falling away below the eyes. This part of the head should, however, be moderately chiselled out, so as not to go down in a straight line like a wedge.The nose, towards which the muzzle must gradually taper, should be black.The eyes should be dark in colour, small, and rather deep-set, full of fire, life, and intelligence; as nearly as possible circular in shape.The teeth should be as nearly as possible level,i.e., the upper teeth on the outside of the lower teeth.Neck(value 5).—The neck should be clean and muscular, without throatiness, of fair length, and gradually widening to the shoulders.Smooth Fox Terrier Champion Cymro Queen(Property of MrA. Jowett).Miss Lewis's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Champion Donington Venture.Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Bandit.Shoulders and Chest(value 10).—The shoulders should be long and sloping, well laid back, fine at the points, and clearly cut at the withers.The chest deep and not broad.Back and Loin(value 10).—The back should be short, straight, and strong, with no appearance of slackness.The loin should be powerful and very slightly arched. The fore-ribs moderately arched, the back-ribs deep, and the dog well ribbed up.Hind-quarters(value 15).—Should be strong and muscular, quite free from droop or crouch; the thighs long and powerful; hocks near the ground, the dog standing well up on them like a Foxhound, and not straight in the stifle.Stern(value 5).—Should be set on rather high and carried gaily, but not over the back or curled. It should be of good strength, anything approaching a "pipe-stopper" tail being especially objectionable.Legs and Feet(value 15).—The legs viewed in any direction must be straight, showing little or no appearance of an ankle in front. They should be strong in bone throughout, short and straight to pastern. Both fore-and hind-legs should be carried straight forward in travelling, the stifles not turned outwards. The elbows should hang perpendicular to the body, working free of the sides. The feet shouldbe round, compact, and not large, the soles hard and tough, the toes moderately arched, and turned neither in nor out.Coat(value 10).—Should be straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense, and abundant. The belly and under side of the thighs should not be bare.As regards colour, white should predominate, brindle red, or liver markings are objectionable. Otherwise this point is of little or no importance.Symmetry, Size, and Character(value 15).—The dog must present a general gay, lively, and active appearance; bone and strength in a small compass are essentials, but this must not be taken to mean that a Fox Terrier should be cloddy, or in any way coarse—speed and endurance must be looked to as well as power, and the symmetry of the Foxhound taken as a model. The Terrier, like the Hound, must on no account be leggy, nor must he be too short in the leg. He should stand like a cleanly-made hunter, covering a lot of ground, yet with a short back as before stated. He will then attain the highest degree of propelling power, together with the greatest length of strides that is compatible with the length of his body. Weight is not a certain criterion of a Terrier's fitness for his work—general shape, size, and contour are the main points, and if a dog can gallop and stay, and follow his fox up a drain, it matters little what his weight is to a pound or so—though, roughly speaking, it may be said he should not scale over 20 lbs. in show condition.[Photo by Reveley, Wantage.Smooth Fox Terrier Dog Champion Dukedom(Property of MrRedmond).[Photo by Reveley, Wantage.Smooth Fox Terrier Dog, Darley Dale(Property of MrRedmond).Wire-haired Fox Terrier Dog, Remus of Gaywood(Property of MrWeaver).Mr Scott's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Millgate Leader.Rough Fox TerrierThis variety of the breed should resemble the Smooth sort in every respect except the coat, which should be broken. The harder and more wiry the texture of the coat is the better. On no account should the dog look or feel woolly, and there should be no silky hair about the poll or elsewhere. The coat should not be too long, so as to give a dog a shaggy appearance, but at the same time it should show a marked and distinct difference all over from the Smooth species.Scale of PointsHead and ears15Neck5Shoulders and chest10Back and loins10Hind-quarters15Stern5Legs and feet15Coat10Symmetry, size, and character15——100Disqualifying PointsNose.—White, cherry, or spotted to a considerable extent with either of these colours.Ears.—Prick, tulip, or rose.Mouth.—Much undershot or much overshot.SECTION FCHAPTER XIIITerriersSkye TerriersBedlington TerriersScottish TerriersIrish TerriersAiredale TerriersWhite West Highland Terrier(Poltalloch Terrier)Welsh TerriersDandie-Dinmonts

CHAPTER XThe Borzois or Russian WolfhoundThe Borzois appears to be unquestionably of Russian origin, being, in anatomical structure, closely allied to the Greyhound, and in his native country is used for hunting the wolf, a brace being "slipped" after the wolf has been beaten out of cover, much in the same fashion as Greyhounds' coursing. The Hounds retain their hold until the huntsman arrives to secure it.Russian Wolfhounds have during recent years become remarkably fashionable in England, probably in a large measure owing to the fact that Queen Alexandra, the Duchess of Newcastle—who owns some of the finest specimens of the breed in this country—and many others of aristocratic lineage, have been keen supporters of these noble creatures. In England, the only use for these hounds is that of companionship. They are, when trained, fairly good house dogs, though the uncertain temper of many of these Hounds renders them not very reliable. Although always carrying a most benignant expression, this will often be found to be deceptive.A typical Borzoi should have a long, lean head; flat and narrow skull, and long, tapering muzzle, the head of the bitch being somewhat finer than that of the dog.Greyhound-likeears, and dark, elliptically-shaped eyes.Chest, narrow and deep, with great depth of rib behind the elbows, one of the most striking features of the breed.Neck, very muscular, rather long and deep where it joins the shoulders, and these ought to be fairly oblique, but well clothed with muscles.A long, straight back and broad loins, with powerful quarters, long thighs and low-placed, strong hocks are counted points for the show bench. The hind limbs, in relation to the body, are placed very far back, only just appearing to be under it at the lower part of the extremities when the dog is standing still.Tail must be heavily feathered, long, and carried down, the so-called "gay" carriage being a drawback.Fore-Limbs.—Good fore-limbs are asine qua non. The arms should be well muscled, and the forearms long, straight, broadening out as they approach the arms, and tapering from a trifle above the knees until the feet are reached. These ought to be long, toes well arched, and close.Colour.—Grey, or orange patches on a white ground.Coat.—Short and smooth on the head, ears, and fore-limbs. The frill on neck should be abundant and somewhat curly. That covering the head, body, tail, and hind-quarters, long and silky.Height.—Dogs from 28 inches, and bitches from 26 inches.Faults.—A drooping nose; sickle-shaped carriage of the tail, short back, weak forehand, etc.Club.—The Borzoi, formed in 1892.The BeagleThis is a very ancient variety of sporting dog, and one that was much in favour during the Elizabethan period, these miniature Hounds even at that time being spoken of as the "merry, singing Beagles."The typical Beagle is a modification of the Foxhound, and has every appearance of having been derived, by selection, from this source.Just as the Foxhound is used for hunting the fox, the Harrier for hunting the hare, so is the Beagle employed for rabbit-hunting—hence the term "Rabbit Beagles," of which there are many small packs of these splendid little creatures up and down this, and other countries sometimes used for hare-hunting.The smaller ones—Pocket Beagles in particular—are lovely little Hounds, and to the sportsman wholoves hunting on foot, they are ideal field companions.Typical specimens of the breed are, in our opinion, handsome; their symmetrical form and workmanlike appearance carry an irresistible charm into the heart of the rabbit-hunter.There is also the Rough-coated Beagle, and for these a class is usually provided at the Kennel Club and Cruft shows, in London.In order to breed Pocket Beagles it is advisable to select as small a sire and dam as possible, because there seems to be a natural tendency for these Hounds to become over, rather than under, sized.By instinct, the Beagle seems to take to work.Taking puppies out along with a "schoolmaster" or "mistress" will generally be sufficient education, if carried out in systematic lessons.These Hounds are, as a rule, quiet and affectionate, and some are not at all bad house dogs, though, of course, this is quite outside the uses for which they have been designed.When purchasing Beagles, more especially for work, there are several important matters to look to.Buy Hounds having a dense, rather coarse coat; short, strong, upright pasterns, cat-like feet, short back, heavily muscled on the quarters and second thighs, and well-hearted,i.e., a deep chest and well-sprung ribs.A Group of Leyswood Beagles.Pocket Beagle Cheerful of Rodnance(Property of MrsOughton Giles).Good coupling is essential.Long ears, low set on, fine, and hanging close to cheek are additional points of beauty.The classes at the London Kennel Club shows are:—1. Not exceeding 10 inches.2. Not exceeding 12 inches.3. Over 10 but not over 12 inches.4. Over 12 but not over 16 inches.5. In the Novice Class—any height.6. Class for Rough Coats.The following descriptions and standards of points will afford the reader the best information upon the subject, but as the English and American standards differ somewhat in details, the author deems it advisable to insert the descriptions framed by both clubs.1. ENGLISH BEAGLE CLUBDescription and Standard of PointsHead.—Of fair length, powerful, without being coarse, skull domed, moderately wide, with an indication of peak, "stop" well defined, muzzle not snipy, and lips well flewed.Nose.—Black, broad, and nostrils well-expanded.Eyes.—Brown, dark hazel or hazel, not deep-set or bulgy, and with a mild expression.Ears.—Long, set on low, fine in texture, and hanging in a graceful fold close to the cheek.Neck.—Moderately long, slightly arched, and throat showing some dewlap.Shoulders.—Clean and slightly sloping.Body.—Short between the couplings, well let down in chest, ribs fairly well sprung and well ribbed up, with powerful, and not tucked-up loins.Hind-quarters.—Very muscular about the thighs, stifles and hocks well bent, the latter well let down.Forelegs.—Quite straight, well under the dog, of good substance and round in bone; feet round, well knuckled up, and strongly padded.Stern.—Of moderate length, set on high, carried gaily, but not curled over the back.Colour.—Any recognised Hound colour.Coat.—Smooth variety: smooth, very dense, and not too fine or short. Rough variety: very dense and wiry.Height.—Not exceeding 16 inches.General Appearance.—A compactly-built Hound, without coarseness, conveying the impression of great stamina and activity.Pocket Beagles must not exceed 10 inches in height, although ordinary Beagles in miniature. No point, however good in itself, should be encouraged, if it tends to give a coarse appearance to such minute specimens of the breed. They should be compactand symmetrical throughout, of true Beagle type, and show great quality and breeding.Classification.—It is recommended that Beagles should be divided at shows into Rough and Smooth, with classes for "not exceeding 16 inches and over 12 inches"; "not exceeding 12 inches and over 10"; and "not exceeding 10 inches."Standard of PointsSkull6Ears10Eyes3Expression5Muzzle, jaws, and lip10Coat5Legs and feet15Neck and shoulders10Chest5Back, loins, and ribs15Hind-quarters10Stern6——100═══Disqualifying Point.—Any kind of mutilation. (It is permissible to remove the dewclaws.)2. AMERICAN BEAGLE CLUBPoints, &c.Head.—The skull should be moderately domed at the occiput, with the cranium broad and full. The ears set on low, long, and fine in texture, the forward or front edge closely framing and inturned to the cheek, rather broad and rounded at the tips, with an almost entire absence of erectile power at their origin.Eyes.—The eyes full and prominent, rather wide apart, soft and lustrous, brown or hazel in colour. The orbital processes well developed. The expression gentle, subdued, and pleading.Muzzle.—The muzzle of medium length, squarely cut, the "stop" well defined. The jaws should be level. Lips either free from, or with moderate, flews. Nostrils large, moist, and open.Defects.—A flat skull, narrow across the top of head, absence of dome. Ears short, set on too high; or when the dog is excited, rising above the line of the skull at their points of origin, due to an excess of erectile power. Ears pointed at tips, thick or boardy in substance, or carried out from cheek, showing a space between. Eyes of a light or yellow colour. Muzzle long and snipy. Pig jaws, or the reverse, known as undershot. Lips showing deep, pendulous flews.Disqualifications.—Eyes close together, small, beady, and Terrier-like.Neck and Throat.—Neck rising free and light from the shoulders, strong in substance, yet not loaded; of medium length. The throat clean, and free from folds of skin; a slight wrinkle below the angle of the jaw, however, may be allowable.Defects.—A thick, short, cloddy neck carried on a line with the top of the shoulders. Throat showing dewlap and folds of skin to a degree termed "throatiness."Shoulders and Chest.—Shoulders somewhat declining, muscular, but not loaded, conveying the idea of freedom of action with lightness, activity, and strength. Chest moderately broad and full.Defects.—Upright shoulders and a disproportionately wide chest.Back, Loins, and Ribs.—Back short, muscular, and strong. Loin broad and slightly arched, and the ribs well sprung, giving abundant lung-room.Defects.—A long or swayed back, a flat, narrow loin, or a flat, constricted rib.Forelegs and Feet.—Forelegs straight, with plenty of bone. Feet close, firm, and either round or hare-like in form.Defects.—Cow-hocks and open feet.Tail.—The tail should be carried gaily, well up, and with some medium curve, rather short as comparedwith the size of the dog, and clothed with a decided brush.Defects.—A long tail, with a "tea-pot" curve.Disqualifications.—A thinly-haired, rattish tail, with entire absence of brush.Coat.—Moderately coarse in texture, and of good length.Disqualifications.—A short, close, and nappy coat.Height.—The meaning of the term "Beagle" (a word of Celtic origin, and in Old English, "Begele") is small, little. The dog was so named from his diminutive size. Your Committee, therefore, for the sake of consistency, and that the Beagle shall be in fact what his name implies, strongly recommend that the height line shall be sharply drawn at 15 inches, and that all dogs exceeding that height shall be disqualified as overgrown and outside the pale of recognition.Colour.—All Hound colours are admissible. Perhaps the most popular is black, white and tan. Next in order is the lemon and white, the blue and lemon mottles; then follow the solid colours, such as black-and-tan, tan, lemon, fawn, etc. This arrangement is of course arbitrary, the question being one governed entirely by fancy. The colours first named form the most lively contrast, and blend better in the pack, the solid colours being sombre and monotonous to the eye. It is not intended to give a point value to colour in the scale for judging, as beforesaid all trueHound colours being correct. The following remarks on the subject are therefore simply suggestive.General Appearance.—A miniature Foxhound, solid and big for his inches, with the wear-and-tear look of the dog that can last in the chase and follow his quarry to the death.Note.—Dogs possessing such serious faults as are enumerated under the heading of "Disqualifications" are under the grave suspicion of being of impure blood. Under the heading of "Defects," objectionable features are indicated, such departures from the standard not, however, impugning the purity of the breeding.

The Borzois appears to be unquestionably of Russian origin, being, in anatomical structure, closely allied to the Greyhound, and in his native country is used for hunting the wolf, a brace being "slipped" after the wolf has been beaten out of cover, much in the same fashion as Greyhounds' coursing. The Hounds retain their hold until the huntsman arrives to secure it.

Russian Wolfhounds have during recent years become remarkably fashionable in England, probably in a large measure owing to the fact that Queen Alexandra, the Duchess of Newcastle—who owns some of the finest specimens of the breed in this country—and many others of aristocratic lineage, have been keen supporters of these noble creatures. In England, the only use for these hounds is that of companionship. They are, when trained, fairly good house dogs, though the uncertain temper of many of these Hounds renders them not very reliable. Although always carrying a most benignant expression, this will often be found to be deceptive.

A typical Borzoi should have a long, lean head; flat and narrow skull, and long, tapering muzzle, the head of the bitch being somewhat finer than that of the dog.

Greyhound-likeears, and dark, elliptically-shaped eyes.

Chest, narrow and deep, with great depth of rib behind the elbows, one of the most striking features of the breed.

Neck, very muscular, rather long and deep where it joins the shoulders, and these ought to be fairly oblique, but well clothed with muscles.

A long, straight back and broad loins, with powerful quarters, long thighs and low-placed, strong hocks are counted points for the show bench. The hind limbs, in relation to the body, are placed very far back, only just appearing to be under it at the lower part of the extremities when the dog is standing still.

Tail must be heavily feathered, long, and carried down, the so-called "gay" carriage being a drawback.

Fore-Limbs.—Good fore-limbs are asine qua non. The arms should be well muscled, and the forearms long, straight, broadening out as they approach the arms, and tapering from a trifle above the knees until the feet are reached. These ought to be long, toes well arched, and close.

Colour.—Grey, or orange patches on a white ground.

Coat.—Short and smooth on the head, ears, and fore-limbs. The frill on neck should be abundant and somewhat curly. That covering the head, body, tail, and hind-quarters, long and silky.

Height.—Dogs from 28 inches, and bitches from 26 inches.

Faults.—A drooping nose; sickle-shaped carriage of the tail, short back, weak forehand, etc.

Club.—The Borzoi, formed in 1892.

This is a very ancient variety of sporting dog, and one that was much in favour during the Elizabethan period, these miniature Hounds even at that time being spoken of as the "merry, singing Beagles."

The typical Beagle is a modification of the Foxhound, and has every appearance of having been derived, by selection, from this source.

Just as the Foxhound is used for hunting the fox, the Harrier for hunting the hare, so is the Beagle employed for rabbit-hunting—hence the term "Rabbit Beagles," of which there are many small packs of these splendid little creatures up and down this, and other countries sometimes used for hare-hunting.

The smaller ones—Pocket Beagles in particular—are lovely little Hounds, and to the sportsman wholoves hunting on foot, they are ideal field companions.

Typical specimens of the breed are, in our opinion, handsome; their symmetrical form and workmanlike appearance carry an irresistible charm into the heart of the rabbit-hunter.

There is also the Rough-coated Beagle, and for these a class is usually provided at the Kennel Club and Cruft shows, in London.

In order to breed Pocket Beagles it is advisable to select as small a sire and dam as possible, because there seems to be a natural tendency for these Hounds to become over, rather than under, sized.

By instinct, the Beagle seems to take to work.

Taking puppies out along with a "schoolmaster" or "mistress" will generally be sufficient education, if carried out in systematic lessons.

These Hounds are, as a rule, quiet and affectionate, and some are not at all bad house dogs, though, of course, this is quite outside the uses for which they have been designed.

When purchasing Beagles, more especially for work, there are several important matters to look to.

Buy Hounds having a dense, rather coarse coat; short, strong, upright pasterns, cat-like feet, short back, heavily muscled on the quarters and second thighs, and well-hearted,i.e., a deep chest and well-sprung ribs.

A Group of Leyswood Beagles.

A Group of Leyswood Beagles.

A Group of Leyswood Beagles.

Pocket Beagle Cheerful of Rodnance(Property of MrsOughton Giles).

Pocket Beagle Cheerful of Rodnance(Property of MrsOughton Giles).

Pocket Beagle Cheerful of Rodnance(Property of MrsOughton Giles).

Good coupling is essential.

Long ears, low set on, fine, and hanging close to cheek are additional points of beauty.

The classes at the London Kennel Club shows are:—

1. Not exceeding 10 inches.2. Not exceeding 12 inches.3. Over 10 but not over 12 inches.4. Over 12 but not over 16 inches.5. In the Novice Class—any height.6. Class for Rough Coats.

The following descriptions and standards of points will afford the reader the best information upon the subject, but as the English and American standards differ somewhat in details, the author deems it advisable to insert the descriptions framed by both clubs.

1. ENGLISH BEAGLE CLUB

Description and Standard of Points

Head.—Of fair length, powerful, without being coarse, skull domed, moderately wide, with an indication of peak, "stop" well defined, muzzle not snipy, and lips well flewed.

Nose.—Black, broad, and nostrils well-expanded.

Eyes.—Brown, dark hazel or hazel, not deep-set or bulgy, and with a mild expression.

Ears.—Long, set on low, fine in texture, and hanging in a graceful fold close to the cheek.

Neck.—Moderately long, slightly arched, and throat showing some dewlap.

Shoulders.—Clean and slightly sloping.

Body.—Short between the couplings, well let down in chest, ribs fairly well sprung and well ribbed up, with powerful, and not tucked-up loins.

Hind-quarters.—Very muscular about the thighs, stifles and hocks well bent, the latter well let down.

Forelegs.—Quite straight, well under the dog, of good substance and round in bone; feet round, well knuckled up, and strongly padded.

Stern.—Of moderate length, set on high, carried gaily, but not curled over the back.

Colour.—Any recognised Hound colour.

Coat.—Smooth variety: smooth, very dense, and not too fine or short. Rough variety: very dense and wiry.

Height.—Not exceeding 16 inches.

General Appearance.—A compactly-built Hound, without coarseness, conveying the impression of great stamina and activity.

Pocket Beagles must not exceed 10 inches in height, although ordinary Beagles in miniature. No point, however good in itself, should be encouraged, if it tends to give a coarse appearance to such minute specimens of the breed. They should be compactand symmetrical throughout, of true Beagle type, and show great quality and breeding.

Classification.—It is recommended that Beagles should be divided at shows into Rough and Smooth, with classes for "not exceeding 16 inches and over 12 inches"; "not exceeding 12 inches and over 10"; and "not exceeding 10 inches."

Standard of Points

Disqualifying Point.—Any kind of mutilation. (It is permissible to remove the dewclaws.)

2. AMERICAN BEAGLE CLUB

Points, &c.

Head.—The skull should be moderately domed at the occiput, with the cranium broad and full. The ears set on low, long, and fine in texture, the forward or front edge closely framing and inturned to the cheek, rather broad and rounded at the tips, with an almost entire absence of erectile power at their origin.

Eyes.—The eyes full and prominent, rather wide apart, soft and lustrous, brown or hazel in colour. The orbital processes well developed. The expression gentle, subdued, and pleading.

Muzzle.—The muzzle of medium length, squarely cut, the "stop" well defined. The jaws should be level. Lips either free from, or with moderate, flews. Nostrils large, moist, and open.

Defects.—A flat skull, narrow across the top of head, absence of dome. Ears short, set on too high; or when the dog is excited, rising above the line of the skull at their points of origin, due to an excess of erectile power. Ears pointed at tips, thick or boardy in substance, or carried out from cheek, showing a space between. Eyes of a light or yellow colour. Muzzle long and snipy. Pig jaws, or the reverse, known as undershot. Lips showing deep, pendulous flews.

Disqualifications.—Eyes close together, small, beady, and Terrier-like.

Neck and Throat.—Neck rising free and light from the shoulders, strong in substance, yet not loaded; of medium length. The throat clean, and free from folds of skin; a slight wrinkle below the angle of the jaw, however, may be allowable.

Defects.—A thick, short, cloddy neck carried on a line with the top of the shoulders. Throat showing dewlap and folds of skin to a degree termed "throatiness."

Shoulders and Chest.—Shoulders somewhat declining, muscular, but not loaded, conveying the idea of freedom of action with lightness, activity, and strength. Chest moderately broad and full.

Defects.—Upright shoulders and a disproportionately wide chest.

Back, Loins, and Ribs.—Back short, muscular, and strong. Loin broad and slightly arched, and the ribs well sprung, giving abundant lung-room.

Defects.—A long or swayed back, a flat, narrow loin, or a flat, constricted rib.

Forelegs and Feet.—Forelegs straight, with plenty of bone. Feet close, firm, and either round or hare-like in form.

Defects.—Cow-hocks and open feet.

Tail.—The tail should be carried gaily, well up, and with some medium curve, rather short as comparedwith the size of the dog, and clothed with a decided brush.

Defects.—A long tail, with a "tea-pot" curve.

Disqualifications.—A thinly-haired, rattish tail, with entire absence of brush.

Coat.—Moderately coarse in texture, and of good length.

Disqualifications.—A short, close, and nappy coat.

Height.—The meaning of the term "Beagle" (a word of Celtic origin, and in Old English, "Begele") is small, little. The dog was so named from his diminutive size. Your Committee, therefore, for the sake of consistency, and that the Beagle shall be in fact what his name implies, strongly recommend that the height line shall be sharply drawn at 15 inches, and that all dogs exceeding that height shall be disqualified as overgrown and outside the pale of recognition.

Colour.—All Hound colours are admissible. Perhaps the most popular is black, white and tan. Next in order is the lemon and white, the blue and lemon mottles; then follow the solid colours, such as black-and-tan, tan, lemon, fawn, etc. This arrangement is of course arbitrary, the question being one governed entirely by fancy. The colours first named form the most lively contrast, and blend better in the pack, the solid colours being sombre and monotonous to the eye. It is not intended to give a point value to colour in the scale for judging, as beforesaid all trueHound colours being correct. The following remarks on the subject are therefore simply suggestive.

General Appearance.—A miniature Foxhound, solid and big for his inches, with the wear-and-tear look of the dog that can last in the chase and follow his quarry to the death.

Note.—Dogs possessing such serious faults as are enumerated under the heading of "Disqualifications" are under the grave suspicion of being of impure blood. Under the heading of "Defects," objectionable features are indicated, such departures from the standard not, however, impugning the purity of the breeding.

CHAPTER XIThe DachshundLike many other varieties of the dog, the origin of the Dachshund seems to be involved in obscurity, though there are fairly reasonable grounds for concluding that the home of the Dachshund is Germany, where the terrier-like type is that cultivated, the Hound characteristics of the breed having become largely developed through the English system of breeding.To anyone unacquainted with this breed of dog in his own country, the Hound features are the most striking, in fact, so overshadow anything of the Terrier element as to completely obscure it.Some few years since the Dachshund was an exceedingly fashionable variety of dog, chiefly as a lady's companion.Dachshund Champion Snakes Prince(Property of Mrde Boinville).]A Brace of Typical Dachshunds(Property of Mrde Boinville).Dachshund Dog and Bitch(Property of MrsGerald Spencer).Red Dachshund Victoria Regina(Property of MissBlackoe).Latterly he seems to have been displaced by the Pomeranian, Pekinese, and Japanese Spaniels. This brings us back to the adage that "every dog has his day." So with the Dachshund, yet the classes at the London shows are always well filled. The Terrier-type of Hound is usually smaller and built upon lighter lines. The legs are not so crooked, the head shorter, so are the ears.In weight they are from 10 to 16 lbs. or thereabout.The so-called Toy Dachshund or Spiel Dachs are a diminutive production of the smallest Terrier-type of the variety, but not specially sought after, at least in this country.In England Dachshunds are but rarely used for sporting purposes, but in Germany they are largely employed for hunting the fox in his home.These little dogs can go into the earth after any fox, and are not long in giving tongue when Reynard is in the ground, and if several of these little dogs are at work on one fox they are not long in causing him to bolt, or settle the dispute by underground combat. With the badger—always a formidable antagonist—these little dogs are said to be equally game, usually fighting to a finish. A few sportsmen have made use of Dachshunds for driving rabbits out of cover, but they have no particular qualification in this respect, and are decidedly inferior to the Beagle, or a pack of Beagles for this purpose.It is a variety of dog not the easiest to rear, distemper being, as in most other breeds, accountable for the high mortality amongst them.The colour of Dachshunds varies considerably, but the chief ones are, deep red, chocolate and tan, fallow-red, black-and-tan, and dapple.White on the body is objectionable, less so on the feet.The so-called "Tiger Dachs," or steel-blue and tan-colour is uncommon, though it gives the animal a very handsome appearance. At the London Kennel Club shows there is a class for dappled dogs and bitches. As a rule, the crossing of a black-and-tan Dachs with a red one, produces puppies true to type,i.e., some are black and tan, others red, and not a mixture of these two colours. A red dog and bitch, will, however, sometimes throw a black-and-tan puppy; or a black-and-tan sire and dam produce a whole-red puppy. This is precisely what happens with certain other varieties.There are really three varieties of coat, viz.:—(a) The Smooth.(b) The Rough.(c) Wire-haired.The coat should be short and thick and the skin remarkably loose—a characteristic feature of the breed, and one that undoubtedly affords the animal a degree of protection during combat.Head.—This is distinctly wedge-shaped and large in proportion to the size of the animal. Jaws strong.Nose.—Black or Dudley (flesh) coloured. A red dog may have a black nose.Eyes.—Well apart, with brown or black iris.Ears.—These ought to be long, thin, covered by silky short hair and free from scales.Neck.—Short and thick.Chest.—Wide and deep, almost touching ground.Shoulders.—The shoulders are very prominent and heavily clad with muscle, giving the dog a square appearance in front. A long body and well-rounded ribs are essentials.Legs, Feet and Toes.—Most important. The forearm should be short and thick, running inwards so as to form almost right angles with the parts below. At the wrists or knees the parts touch each other and almost immediately bend outwards (splay-feet), as long, flat paws. These latter ought to be large and shovel-shaped, bearing long, strong, slightly-hooked claws of a black or brown colour, a white claw (as in Pugs) being objectionable. The more the "crook" the better. This, with well-rounded ribs and a long body, constitutes one of the chief points in a Dachshund, giving it a well-let-down appearance, but not too low.Hind-quarters.—Strength in this region is of greatimportance, the croup being well-rounded and the thighs strong. The loins must be well arched. The tail thick and tapering, and carried like that of the Foxhound under excitement. It must not curl over the back, this being one of the worst faults a Dachshund can have.From 17 to 22 lbs. is the average weight of dogs in fair condition.The Dachshund Club, and the Northern Dachshund Association, are the two principal societies, in this country, presiding over the interests of the breed.The service of A1 stud dogs can be had at fees from two to four guineas, and excellent youngsters obtained from three to ten or twelve guineas.The Basset-houndThis is said to be a very ancient variety of dog, having existed in France for several centuries. In France the term "Basset" is frequently employed to indicate any crooked-legged variety of dog, being synonymous with the English word "Terrier" and the German "Dachs." Consequently the word "Basset," when applied to a dog in France, may become a very ambiguous one. There are Rough and Smooth-coated strains of Basset-hounds, but the Smooth-coatedare the most popular varieties, and most of the Hounds shown at the Kennel Club shows are of the Smooth-coated variety, although this useful canine body provides a class for Rough-coated ones in addition. The Smooth-coated Basset had his origin in the province of Artois, whilst the Rough-coated variety came from Flanders. Although there are the crooked, half-crooked, and straight-legged Bassets in both Rough and Smooth coats, the only one of interest in this country is that having the full-crook of leg.The late Mr Everett Millais brought the breed into prominence in England in 1874, through the importation of a famous Basset, called Model.He purchased this hound at the Jardin d'Acclimation in Paris.This animal was the foundation-stone of the Basset as he appears in England at the present day.The late Mr G. R. Krehl did much towards the improvement of the breed, and later, many other enthusiastic admirers, none more so than Mrs Tottie.The scenting powers of these dogs are said to be exceptional, and many prefer them to Beagles for rabbiting, their deep, clear musical notes telling one exactly of their whereabouts. Most of these Hounds are exceedingly sweet-tempered, though rather troublesome to rear.In height they are from 9 to 12 inches at shoulder, but 12 inches is a desirable height, and about 40 lbs. weight.Colour.—The most popular one is the tricolour, viz., white body with black markings and a tan-coloured head. Many varieties of white and black and tan.Coat.—Glossy, smooth and close, but the hair must be hard enough to make the jacket fairly waterproof.Head.—Taken as a whole in the Smooth-coated variety, the head has the expression not unlike that of a Bloodhound, chiefly owing to the high peak, deeply-set eyes, exposed "haw" and close carriage of the ears at their set-on . This expression of face is, however, overshadowed in the Rough-coated variety, the Airedale or Otterhound being more in evidence in this region.In the Smooth-coated variety there is often a very weird expression on the face, and one that betokens a good-natured animal. Head must be long, have a good peak (no "stop"), and be rather narrow, but no snipy appearance. A typical head and ears, a good front and long body are, in short, the principal beauties of the Basset, and points of vital importance in judging the breed. A black nose, strong teeth, good long cheeks (flews as they are called), and a long, strong jaw with large, long, velvety ears, complete the beauties in the region of the head.Mr Proctor's Basset-hound Bitch Queen of the Geisha.[Fall, Photographer.A Brace of Typical Smooth-coated Basset-hounds(Property of MrsLubbock, Farnborough).Smooth-coated Basset-hound Bitch and Her Puppies.Smooth Basset-hound Dog Champion Louis Le Beau.Died 1902. A veritable pillar of the Stud Book (Property of MrsTottie).Typical Smooth-coated Basset Bitch.(Note the perfection of facial expression).A Group of Champion Smooth-coated Bassets.[Horner, Photographer, Settle.Typical Rough Basset Bitch(Bred by MrsTottie).[Horner, Photographer, Settle.Rough-coated Basset-hound Dog Champion Puritan.Fore-quarters and Chest.—Viewed from the front and in profile, this region is powerfully built, the chest nearly touching the ground, the shoulders short and muscular, arm very short, with a short, stoutly-made forearm, turning in at the knee. From the wrist (knee) the parts below turn outwards, so as to give the Hound a very splay-footed appearance.Typical Rough-coated Basset Dog.The back is long, somewhat hollow, rising slightlyat the loins to the top of the croup, and from this very powerful muscles should spring. Weak hind-quarters are a serious defect. Well-rounded ribs and plenty of loose skin, especially over the tops of the shoulders and back, are desirable qualifications for the show ring.Our illustration represents one of the most typical Basset-hound bitches ever seen.Club.—The Basset Society.Rules of the Basset-hound Club.1. That the name of this Club be "The Basset-hound Club."2. That the objects of the Club be to promote the breeding of pure Smooth-coated and Rough-coated Basset-hounds, to define precisely, and publish a description of the true type; to urge the adoption of such type on breeders, exhibitors, judges, dog-show committees and others, as the only recognised and unvarying standard by which Basset-hounds should be judged, and which may in future be uniformly accepted as the standard of excellence in breeding, and in awarding prizes of merit in Basset-hounds: and by giving prizes, supporting and originating shows, and taking other steps to do allin its power to protect and advance the interests of the breed.3. That the Club compile a correct Stud Book for dogs and bitches, containing the names and pedigrees, as far as can be ascertained, of all pure-bred Basset-hounds, and keep a register of the birth of pure-bred Basset-hounds.4. That in the event of a Hound winning a prize under the Kennel Club Rules, whose pedigree does not agree with the Basset-hound Club Stud Book, the same shall be objected to on behalf of the Club by the Hon. Sec., with a view to the investigation of its correctness, but in any case the Club Special which may go into the prizes shall be withheld.5. That the Club consist of unlimited number of Members, whose names and addresses shall be entered in a book to be kept by the Secretary, which book shall be open for inspection at reasonable times. That any respectable person favourable to the object of the Club be eligible for Membership, except professional dealers. That ladies be eligible for Membership.6. That each candidate for admission be proposed by one Member of the Club personally known to him, and seconded by another, also personally known to him. That the first twenty Members be original members.7. That the Annual Subscription be two guineas.That the Annual Subscription be due on 1st January of each year, and that any Member failing to pay his Subscription before 31st January have notice given him by the Treasurer; and if his Subscription be still unpaid on 31st March, his rights of Membership shall cease until he has paid his Subscription which is in arrear, and he shall render himself liable to be struck off the list of Members of the Club, unless he can give a satisfactory explanation to the Committee. That the liability of Members shall be limited to their Entrance Fee and Annual Subscription.8. That the Club offer no prizes or cups at any show not held under the Kennel Club Rules, except at such other shows as the Committee or Sub-Committee may especially approve.9. That the affairs of the Club shall be managed by a Committee of eight or a Sub-Committee of three, including a Treasurer and Secretary. Three shall form a quorum. That the Committee and Sub-Committee shall retire annually, but shall be eligible for re-election. That the Election of Members to serve on Committee and Sub-Committee be held Annually.10. That the election of Members shall be made by ballot of Committee or Sub-Committee, two black balls to exclude. That the election of a Member shall be at once notified to him by the Secretary, andthe Member shall at once be liable for his Entrance Fee and Subscription for the current year.11. That the Committee or Sub-Committee meet at least twice a year, and that they have full power to transact all business relating to the Club which they may think fit; to make necessary bye-laws, to arbitrate in disputed matters, to refuse admission to the Club, to decide upon the value and nature of the prizes to be offered at the various shows, and to deal with any question not provided for by these Rules. That seven days' notice must be given of Committee Meetings.12. That any Member of the Club who shall be proved to the satisfaction of the Committee or Sub-Committee to have in any way misconducted himself in connection with Dogs or Dogs Shows, or to have in any way acted in opposition to the Rules and principles upon which the Club has been established, or in any other manner which would make it undesirable that he should continue to be a member, be expelled from the Club. That such Member shall have no claim against the Club. That the Committee or Sub-Committee may report the expulsion of such Member to the Kennel Club with a view to his being disqualified from exhibiting at any show held under the Kennel Club Rules, and from competing for prizes or cups offered by this Club or the Kennel Club.13. That there be one General Meeting of the Club each year, to be held at such time as may be found suitable by the Committee or Sub-Committee.14. That an Extraordinary General Meeting may be convened by the Secretary. That such Extraordinary General Meeting shall have power only to deal with the objects for which it was called.15. That all Minutes of Meetings be read at the commencement of, and be approved and confirmed by, the next subsequent Meeting.16. That all expenses incurred by the Treasurer or Secretary for or on behalf of the Club be defrayed out of the funds of the Club.17. That an Annual Report, the names of the Members and Officers, and the Annual Statement of Accounts (duly audited by two Members of the Committee) be printed, and supplied to each Member not later than 11th February in each year.18. That no new Rule, or alteration of existing Rules, or reversal of any former act or decision, shall ever be made without a fortnight's notice being given previously in writing to all Members, and without the sanction of at least two-thirds of the Members present. That it shall be competent for any Member unable to attend the Meeting to record, by letter to the Secretary, his opinion to be read atthe Meeting, such opinion to be entered in the minutes.19. That it be competent for any Member to withdraw from the Club on giving notice to the Secretary before 11th December (such Member to have no claim on the Club); provided always that such Member shall be liable for his subscription to the Club for the current year in which he gives such notice.20. That every Member bring to the notice of the Club Committee any apparent dishonesty at Dog Shows, &c., against which the Club may publish a formal protest.21. That the Club shall, if possible, hold a special Basset-hound Exhibition, at least once in each year, either confined to members of the Club, or open, as the Committee or Sub-Committee may determine. That the judges at this exhibition be appointed solely by the Club, and that the dogs be judged according to the standard of excellence as defined by the Club.22. That at other shows, not held or managed by the Club, prizes, cups, or certificates of merit may be provided by the Club for the competition in Basset-hound classes, where these classes are judged by judges appointed or approved by the Club, and according to the standard of excellence adopted by the Club.23. That a list of Members competent and willing to act as judges of Basset-hounds be annually made by the Committee or Sub-Committee, and the Secretary shall, on the application of the Committee, Secretary, &c., of any Dog Show, send a copy of such list, and arrange with the gentlemen chosen to act as judges at such show; the expenses to be borne by the show at which the judges officiate.24. That the judges shall not exhibit at, or be interested either directly or indirectly in, any show at which they officiate.25. That at all shows at which the Club offers prizes or cups, the name of the judge shall be, prior to the date of closing of the entries for such show, submitted to the Secretary of the Club, for the approval of the Committee.26. That Members may vote by proxy at the General Meeting, such proxies to be sent to the Secretary or Treasurer at least forty-eight hours before the time of Meeting.27. In the above Rules the word "dog" shall mean both sexes.28. That the payment of his Subscription by any Member shall imply his full acquiescence in the above Rules.Points of Basset-hound(Smooth)Head, skull, eyes, muzzle, and flews15Ears15Neck, dewlap, chest and shoulders10Forelegs and feet15Back, loins and hind-quarters10Stern5Coat and skin10Colour and markings15"Basset character" and symmetry5——Total100═══General Appearance1. To begin with, theheadis the most distinguishing part of all breeds. The head of the Basset-hound is most perfect when it closest resembles a Bloodhound's. It is long and narrow, with heavy flews, occiput prominent, "la bosse de la chasse," and forehead wrinkled to the eyes, which should be kind, and show the haw. The general appearance of the head must present high breeding and reposeful dignity; the teeth are small, and the upper jaw sometimes protrudes. This is not a fault, and is called the "bec de lievre."2. Theearsare very long, and when drawn forwardfolding well over the nose—so long, that in hunting they will often actually tread on them; they are set on low, and hang loose in folds like drapery, the ends inward curling, in texture thin and velvety.3. Theneckis powerful, with heavy dewlaps. Elbows must not turn out. The chest is deep, full, and framed like a "man-of-war." Body long and low.4.Forelegsshort, about 4 inches, and close-fitting to the chest till the crooked knee, from where the wrinkled ankle ends in a massive paw, each toe standing out distinctly.5. Thestiflesare bent, and the quarters full of muscle, which stands out, so that when one looks at the dog from behind it gives him a round barrel-like effect. This, with their peculiar waddling gait, goes a long way towards Basset character—a quality easily recognised by the judge, and as desirable as Terrier character in a Terrier.6. Thesternis coarse underneath, and carried Hound-fashion.7. Thecoatis short, smooth and fine, and has a gloss on it like that of a racehorse. (To get this appearance, they should be hound-gloved, never brushed.) Skin loose and elastic.8. Thecolourshould be black, white and tan; the head, shoulders, and quarters a rich tan, and black patches on the back. They are also sometimes hare-pied.Points of the Basset-hound(Rough)Head and ears20Body, including hind-quarters35Legs and feet20Coat15"Basset character," etc10——Total100═══General Appearance1. Theheadshould be large, the skull narrow but of good length, the peak well developed. The muzzle should be strong, and the jaws long and powerful: a snipy muzzle and weakness of jaw are objectionable. The eyes should be dark and not prominent. The ears should be set on low, of good length and fine texture.2. Theneckshould be strong, of good length and muscular, set on sloping shoulders.3. Thebodyshould be massive, of good length and well ribbed up, any weakness or slackness of loin being a bad fault. The chest should be large and very deep, the sternum prominent.4. Theforelegsshould be short and very powerful, very heavy in bone, either half-crooked or nearlystraight. The elbows should lie against the sides of the chest, and should not turn out.5.Hind-quartersshould be powerful and muscular, the hind-legs should be rather longer than the forelegs, and should be well bent at the stifles.6.Sternof moderate length and carried gaily, should be set on high.7.Coat.—An extremely important point. It should be profuse, thick and harsh to the touch, with a dense undercoat. The coat may be wavy.8.Colour.—Any recognised Hound colour.9.Weight.—Dogs, from 40 to 50 lbs., bitches rather less.The Rough Basset should appear a very powerful Hound for his size, on short, strong legs. Body massive and a good length, without slackness of loin. The feet should be thick, well padded and not open. The expression should be kindly and intelligent. Any unsoundness should disqualify the Hound.

Like many other varieties of the dog, the origin of the Dachshund seems to be involved in obscurity, though there are fairly reasonable grounds for concluding that the home of the Dachshund is Germany, where the terrier-like type is that cultivated, the Hound characteristics of the breed having become largely developed through the English system of breeding.

To anyone unacquainted with this breed of dog in his own country, the Hound features are the most striking, in fact, so overshadow anything of the Terrier element as to completely obscure it.

Some few years since the Dachshund was an exceedingly fashionable variety of dog, chiefly as a lady's companion.

Dachshund Champion Snakes Prince(Property of Mrde Boinville).]

Dachshund Champion Snakes Prince(Property of Mrde Boinville).]

Dachshund Champion Snakes Prince(Property of Mrde Boinville).]

A Brace of Typical Dachshunds(Property of Mrde Boinville).

A Brace of Typical Dachshunds(Property of Mrde Boinville).

A Brace of Typical Dachshunds(Property of Mrde Boinville).

Dachshund Dog and Bitch(Property of MrsGerald Spencer).

Dachshund Dog and Bitch(Property of MrsGerald Spencer).

Dachshund Dog and Bitch(Property of MrsGerald Spencer).

Red Dachshund Victoria Regina(Property of MissBlackoe).

Red Dachshund Victoria Regina(Property of MissBlackoe).

Red Dachshund Victoria Regina(Property of MissBlackoe).

Latterly he seems to have been displaced by the Pomeranian, Pekinese, and Japanese Spaniels. This brings us back to the adage that "every dog has his day." So with the Dachshund, yet the classes at the London shows are always well filled. The Terrier-type of Hound is usually smaller and built upon lighter lines. The legs are not so crooked, the head shorter, so are the ears.

In weight they are from 10 to 16 lbs. or thereabout.

The so-called Toy Dachshund or Spiel Dachs are a diminutive production of the smallest Terrier-type of the variety, but not specially sought after, at least in this country.

In England Dachshunds are but rarely used for sporting purposes, but in Germany they are largely employed for hunting the fox in his home.

These little dogs can go into the earth after any fox, and are not long in giving tongue when Reynard is in the ground, and if several of these little dogs are at work on one fox they are not long in causing him to bolt, or settle the dispute by underground combat. With the badger—always a formidable antagonist—these little dogs are said to be equally game, usually fighting to a finish. A few sportsmen have made use of Dachshunds for driving rabbits out of cover, but they have no particular qualification in this respect, and are decidedly inferior to the Beagle, or a pack of Beagles for this purpose.

It is a variety of dog not the easiest to rear, distemper being, as in most other breeds, accountable for the high mortality amongst them.

The colour of Dachshunds varies considerably, but the chief ones are, deep red, chocolate and tan, fallow-red, black-and-tan, and dapple.

White on the body is objectionable, less so on the feet.

The so-called "Tiger Dachs," or steel-blue and tan-colour is uncommon, though it gives the animal a very handsome appearance. At the London Kennel Club shows there is a class for dappled dogs and bitches. As a rule, the crossing of a black-and-tan Dachs with a red one, produces puppies true to type,i.e., some are black and tan, others red, and not a mixture of these two colours. A red dog and bitch, will, however, sometimes throw a black-and-tan puppy; or a black-and-tan sire and dam produce a whole-red puppy. This is precisely what happens with certain other varieties.

There are really three varieties of coat, viz.:—

(a) The Smooth.(b) The Rough.(c) Wire-haired.

The coat should be short and thick and the skin remarkably loose—a characteristic feature of the breed, and one that undoubtedly affords the animal a degree of protection during combat.

Head.—This is distinctly wedge-shaped and large in proportion to the size of the animal. Jaws strong.

Nose.—Black or Dudley (flesh) coloured. A red dog may have a black nose.

Eyes.—Well apart, with brown or black iris.

Ears.—These ought to be long, thin, covered by silky short hair and free from scales.

Neck.—Short and thick.

Chest.—Wide and deep, almost touching ground.

Shoulders.—The shoulders are very prominent and heavily clad with muscle, giving the dog a square appearance in front. A long body and well-rounded ribs are essentials.

Legs, Feet and Toes.—Most important. The forearm should be short and thick, running inwards so as to form almost right angles with the parts below. At the wrists or knees the parts touch each other and almost immediately bend outwards (splay-feet), as long, flat paws. These latter ought to be large and shovel-shaped, bearing long, strong, slightly-hooked claws of a black or brown colour, a white claw (as in Pugs) being objectionable. The more the "crook" the better. This, with well-rounded ribs and a long body, constitutes one of the chief points in a Dachshund, giving it a well-let-down appearance, but not too low.

Hind-quarters.—Strength in this region is of greatimportance, the croup being well-rounded and the thighs strong. The loins must be well arched. The tail thick and tapering, and carried like that of the Foxhound under excitement. It must not curl over the back, this being one of the worst faults a Dachshund can have.

From 17 to 22 lbs. is the average weight of dogs in fair condition.

The Dachshund Club, and the Northern Dachshund Association, are the two principal societies, in this country, presiding over the interests of the breed.

The service of A1 stud dogs can be had at fees from two to four guineas, and excellent youngsters obtained from three to ten or twelve guineas.

This is said to be a very ancient variety of dog, having existed in France for several centuries. In France the term "Basset" is frequently employed to indicate any crooked-legged variety of dog, being synonymous with the English word "Terrier" and the German "Dachs." Consequently the word "Basset," when applied to a dog in France, may become a very ambiguous one. There are Rough and Smooth-coated strains of Basset-hounds, but the Smooth-coatedare the most popular varieties, and most of the Hounds shown at the Kennel Club shows are of the Smooth-coated variety, although this useful canine body provides a class for Rough-coated ones in addition. The Smooth-coated Basset had his origin in the province of Artois, whilst the Rough-coated variety came from Flanders. Although there are the crooked, half-crooked, and straight-legged Bassets in both Rough and Smooth coats, the only one of interest in this country is that having the full-crook of leg.

The late Mr Everett Millais brought the breed into prominence in England in 1874, through the importation of a famous Basset, called Model.

He purchased this hound at the Jardin d'Acclimation in Paris.

This animal was the foundation-stone of the Basset as he appears in England at the present day.

The late Mr G. R. Krehl did much towards the improvement of the breed, and later, many other enthusiastic admirers, none more so than Mrs Tottie.

The scenting powers of these dogs are said to be exceptional, and many prefer them to Beagles for rabbiting, their deep, clear musical notes telling one exactly of their whereabouts. Most of these Hounds are exceedingly sweet-tempered, though rather troublesome to rear.

In height they are from 9 to 12 inches at shoulder, but 12 inches is a desirable height, and about 40 lbs. weight.

Colour.—The most popular one is the tricolour, viz., white body with black markings and a tan-coloured head. Many varieties of white and black and tan.

Coat.—Glossy, smooth and close, but the hair must be hard enough to make the jacket fairly waterproof.

Head.—Taken as a whole in the Smooth-coated variety, the head has the expression not unlike that of a Bloodhound, chiefly owing to the high peak, deeply-set eyes, exposed "haw" and close carriage of the ears at their set-on . This expression of face is, however, overshadowed in the Rough-coated variety, the Airedale or Otterhound being more in evidence in this region.

In the Smooth-coated variety there is often a very weird expression on the face, and one that betokens a good-natured animal. Head must be long, have a good peak (no "stop"), and be rather narrow, but no snipy appearance. A typical head and ears, a good front and long body are, in short, the principal beauties of the Basset, and points of vital importance in judging the breed. A black nose, strong teeth, good long cheeks (flews as they are called), and a long, strong jaw with large, long, velvety ears, complete the beauties in the region of the head.

Mr Proctor's Basset-hound Bitch Queen of the Geisha.

Mr Proctor's Basset-hound Bitch Queen of the Geisha.

Mr Proctor's Basset-hound Bitch Queen of the Geisha.

[Fall, Photographer.

A Brace of Typical Smooth-coated Basset-hounds(Property of MrsLubbock, Farnborough).

Smooth-coated Basset-hound Bitch and Her Puppies.

Smooth-coated Basset-hound Bitch and Her Puppies.

Smooth-coated Basset-hound Bitch and Her Puppies.

Smooth Basset-hound Dog Champion Louis Le Beau.Died 1902. A veritable pillar of the Stud Book (Property of MrsTottie).

Smooth Basset-hound Dog Champion Louis Le Beau.Died 1902. A veritable pillar of the Stud Book (Property of MrsTottie).

Smooth Basset-hound Dog Champion Louis Le Beau.Died 1902. A veritable pillar of the Stud Book (Property of MrsTottie).

Typical Smooth-coated Basset Bitch.(Note the perfection of facial expression).

Typical Smooth-coated Basset Bitch.(Note the perfection of facial expression).

Typical Smooth-coated Basset Bitch.(Note the perfection of facial expression).

A Group of Champion Smooth-coated Bassets.

A Group of Champion Smooth-coated Bassets.

A Group of Champion Smooth-coated Bassets.

[Horner, Photographer, Settle.

Typical Rough Basset Bitch(Bred by MrsTottie).

[Horner, Photographer, Settle.

Rough-coated Basset-hound Dog Champion Puritan.

Fore-quarters and Chest.—Viewed from the front and in profile, this region is powerfully built, the chest nearly touching the ground, the shoulders short and muscular, arm very short, with a short, stoutly-made forearm, turning in at the knee. From the wrist (knee) the parts below turn outwards, so as to give the Hound a very splay-footed appearance.

Typical Rough-coated Basset Dog.

Typical Rough-coated Basset Dog.

Typical Rough-coated Basset Dog.

The back is long, somewhat hollow, rising slightlyat the loins to the top of the croup, and from this very powerful muscles should spring. Weak hind-quarters are a serious defect. Well-rounded ribs and plenty of loose skin, especially over the tops of the shoulders and back, are desirable qualifications for the show ring.

Our illustration represents one of the most typical Basset-hound bitches ever seen.

Club.—The Basset Society.

Rules of the Basset-hound Club.

1. That the name of this Club be "The Basset-hound Club."

2. That the objects of the Club be to promote the breeding of pure Smooth-coated and Rough-coated Basset-hounds, to define precisely, and publish a description of the true type; to urge the adoption of such type on breeders, exhibitors, judges, dog-show committees and others, as the only recognised and unvarying standard by which Basset-hounds should be judged, and which may in future be uniformly accepted as the standard of excellence in breeding, and in awarding prizes of merit in Basset-hounds: and by giving prizes, supporting and originating shows, and taking other steps to do allin its power to protect and advance the interests of the breed.

3. That the Club compile a correct Stud Book for dogs and bitches, containing the names and pedigrees, as far as can be ascertained, of all pure-bred Basset-hounds, and keep a register of the birth of pure-bred Basset-hounds.

4. That in the event of a Hound winning a prize under the Kennel Club Rules, whose pedigree does not agree with the Basset-hound Club Stud Book, the same shall be objected to on behalf of the Club by the Hon. Sec., with a view to the investigation of its correctness, but in any case the Club Special which may go into the prizes shall be withheld.

5. That the Club consist of unlimited number of Members, whose names and addresses shall be entered in a book to be kept by the Secretary, which book shall be open for inspection at reasonable times. That any respectable person favourable to the object of the Club be eligible for Membership, except professional dealers. That ladies be eligible for Membership.

6. That each candidate for admission be proposed by one Member of the Club personally known to him, and seconded by another, also personally known to him. That the first twenty Members be original members.

7. That the Annual Subscription be two guineas.That the Annual Subscription be due on 1st January of each year, and that any Member failing to pay his Subscription before 31st January have notice given him by the Treasurer; and if his Subscription be still unpaid on 31st March, his rights of Membership shall cease until he has paid his Subscription which is in arrear, and he shall render himself liable to be struck off the list of Members of the Club, unless he can give a satisfactory explanation to the Committee. That the liability of Members shall be limited to their Entrance Fee and Annual Subscription.

8. That the Club offer no prizes or cups at any show not held under the Kennel Club Rules, except at such other shows as the Committee or Sub-Committee may especially approve.

9. That the affairs of the Club shall be managed by a Committee of eight or a Sub-Committee of three, including a Treasurer and Secretary. Three shall form a quorum. That the Committee and Sub-Committee shall retire annually, but shall be eligible for re-election. That the Election of Members to serve on Committee and Sub-Committee be held Annually.

10. That the election of Members shall be made by ballot of Committee or Sub-Committee, two black balls to exclude. That the election of a Member shall be at once notified to him by the Secretary, andthe Member shall at once be liable for his Entrance Fee and Subscription for the current year.

11. That the Committee or Sub-Committee meet at least twice a year, and that they have full power to transact all business relating to the Club which they may think fit; to make necessary bye-laws, to arbitrate in disputed matters, to refuse admission to the Club, to decide upon the value and nature of the prizes to be offered at the various shows, and to deal with any question not provided for by these Rules. That seven days' notice must be given of Committee Meetings.

12. That any Member of the Club who shall be proved to the satisfaction of the Committee or Sub-Committee to have in any way misconducted himself in connection with Dogs or Dogs Shows, or to have in any way acted in opposition to the Rules and principles upon which the Club has been established, or in any other manner which would make it undesirable that he should continue to be a member, be expelled from the Club. That such Member shall have no claim against the Club. That the Committee or Sub-Committee may report the expulsion of such Member to the Kennel Club with a view to his being disqualified from exhibiting at any show held under the Kennel Club Rules, and from competing for prizes or cups offered by this Club or the Kennel Club.

13. That there be one General Meeting of the Club each year, to be held at such time as may be found suitable by the Committee or Sub-Committee.

14. That an Extraordinary General Meeting may be convened by the Secretary. That such Extraordinary General Meeting shall have power only to deal with the objects for which it was called.

15. That all Minutes of Meetings be read at the commencement of, and be approved and confirmed by, the next subsequent Meeting.

16. That all expenses incurred by the Treasurer or Secretary for or on behalf of the Club be defrayed out of the funds of the Club.

17. That an Annual Report, the names of the Members and Officers, and the Annual Statement of Accounts (duly audited by two Members of the Committee) be printed, and supplied to each Member not later than 11th February in each year.

18. That no new Rule, or alteration of existing Rules, or reversal of any former act or decision, shall ever be made without a fortnight's notice being given previously in writing to all Members, and without the sanction of at least two-thirds of the Members present. That it shall be competent for any Member unable to attend the Meeting to record, by letter to the Secretary, his opinion to be read atthe Meeting, such opinion to be entered in the minutes.

19. That it be competent for any Member to withdraw from the Club on giving notice to the Secretary before 11th December (such Member to have no claim on the Club); provided always that such Member shall be liable for his subscription to the Club for the current year in which he gives such notice.

20. That every Member bring to the notice of the Club Committee any apparent dishonesty at Dog Shows, &c., against which the Club may publish a formal protest.

21. That the Club shall, if possible, hold a special Basset-hound Exhibition, at least once in each year, either confined to members of the Club, or open, as the Committee or Sub-Committee may determine. That the judges at this exhibition be appointed solely by the Club, and that the dogs be judged according to the standard of excellence as defined by the Club.

22. That at other shows, not held or managed by the Club, prizes, cups, or certificates of merit may be provided by the Club for the competition in Basset-hound classes, where these classes are judged by judges appointed or approved by the Club, and according to the standard of excellence adopted by the Club.

23. That a list of Members competent and willing to act as judges of Basset-hounds be annually made by the Committee or Sub-Committee, and the Secretary shall, on the application of the Committee, Secretary, &c., of any Dog Show, send a copy of such list, and arrange with the gentlemen chosen to act as judges at such show; the expenses to be borne by the show at which the judges officiate.

24. That the judges shall not exhibit at, or be interested either directly or indirectly in, any show at which they officiate.

25. That at all shows at which the Club offers prizes or cups, the name of the judge shall be, prior to the date of closing of the entries for such show, submitted to the Secretary of the Club, for the approval of the Committee.

26. That Members may vote by proxy at the General Meeting, such proxies to be sent to the Secretary or Treasurer at least forty-eight hours before the time of Meeting.

27. In the above Rules the word "dog" shall mean both sexes.

28. That the payment of his Subscription by any Member shall imply his full acquiescence in the above Rules.

Points of Basset-hound(Smooth)

General Appearance

1. To begin with, theheadis the most distinguishing part of all breeds. The head of the Basset-hound is most perfect when it closest resembles a Bloodhound's. It is long and narrow, with heavy flews, occiput prominent, "la bosse de la chasse," and forehead wrinkled to the eyes, which should be kind, and show the haw. The general appearance of the head must present high breeding and reposeful dignity; the teeth are small, and the upper jaw sometimes protrudes. This is not a fault, and is called the "bec de lievre."

2. Theearsare very long, and when drawn forwardfolding well over the nose—so long, that in hunting they will often actually tread on them; they are set on low, and hang loose in folds like drapery, the ends inward curling, in texture thin and velvety.

3. Theneckis powerful, with heavy dewlaps. Elbows must not turn out. The chest is deep, full, and framed like a "man-of-war." Body long and low.

4.Forelegsshort, about 4 inches, and close-fitting to the chest till the crooked knee, from where the wrinkled ankle ends in a massive paw, each toe standing out distinctly.

5. Thestiflesare bent, and the quarters full of muscle, which stands out, so that when one looks at the dog from behind it gives him a round barrel-like effect. This, with their peculiar waddling gait, goes a long way towards Basset character—a quality easily recognised by the judge, and as desirable as Terrier character in a Terrier.

6. Thesternis coarse underneath, and carried Hound-fashion.

7. Thecoatis short, smooth and fine, and has a gloss on it like that of a racehorse. (To get this appearance, they should be hound-gloved, never brushed.) Skin loose and elastic.

8. Thecolourshould be black, white and tan; the head, shoulders, and quarters a rich tan, and black patches on the back. They are also sometimes hare-pied.

Points of the Basset-hound(Rough)

General Appearance

1. Theheadshould be large, the skull narrow but of good length, the peak well developed. The muzzle should be strong, and the jaws long and powerful: a snipy muzzle and weakness of jaw are objectionable. The eyes should be dark and not prominent. The ears should be set on low, of good length and fine texture.

2. Theneckshould be strong, of good length and muscular, set on sloping shoulders.

3. Thebodyshould be massive, of good length and well ribbed up, any weakness or slackness of loin being a bad fault. The chest should be large and very deep, the sternum prominent.

4. Theforelegsshould be short and very powerful, very heavy in bone, either half-crooked or nearlystraight. The elbows should lie against the sides of the chest, and should not turn out.

5.Hind-quartersshould be powerful and muscular, the hind-legs should be rather longer than the forelegs, and should be well bent at the stifles.

6.Sternof moderate length and carried gaily, should be set on high.

7.Coat.—An extremely important point. It should be profuse, thick and harsh to the touch, with a dense undercoat. The coat may be wavy.

8.Colour.—Any recognised Hound colour.

9.Weight.—Dogs, from 40 to 50 lbs., bitches rather less.

The Rough Basset should appear a very powerful Hound for his size, on short, strong legs. Body massive and a good length, without slackness of loin. The feet should be thick, well padded and not open. The expression should be kindly and intelligent. Any unsoundness should disqualify the Hound.

SECTION EFox TerriersCHAPTER XIISmooth-coatedWire-hairedClub RulesCHAPTER XIIThe Fox TerrierThese Terriers have been for a number of years, and still are, exceedingly popular, chiefly, we believe on account of the following reasons:—(1) Their size renders them easily and conveniently kept; (2) their gameness makes them good for destroying vermin, such as rats, etc.; (3) making excellent house dogs, and are smart, active companions, and as such suitable for both sexes.At most shows the Fox Terrier classes are better filled than those devoted to any other variety.There is very little reliable information as to how and when the Fox Terrier sprang into existence, as it is hundreds of years since Terriers were writtenabout, though very little can be gleaned, as the word at that time had a very ambiguous meaning, consequently most of such records become speculative when discussing the probable origin of any given type of Terrier.Rawdon B. Lee, in his book on the Fox Terrier, gives numerous extracts from various ancient writers with reference to the early history of the Fox Terrier, but the information leaves one very little wiser, upon the earlier history of these game little Terriers. It is a problem that bears every possibility of remaining unsolved.For the present purpose it is sufficient to know that the breed is with us in a very high state of perfection, and that this has been attained by selection within the last fifty years, or thereabout.Whether these Terriers, as we find them on the show bench, are equal to the tasks usually imposed upon their predecessors, is another matter, and one that Fox Terrier men, in general, are not always inclined to discuss.That there are any amount of game Fox Terriers on the show bench there is abundant evidence to prove, but we have no knowledge as to whether these constitute the majority.Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Jof.Champion South Cave Leger(Property of MrA. Jowett).Smooth Fox Terrier Duke of Doncaster(Property of MrsBennett Edwards).The Fox Terrier Club, the Fylde Fox Terrier Club, and Fox Terrier clubs galore in other parts of the country have done wonders towards improving the show-bench qualities of the modern Fox Terrier, and still more to render him popular in almost all parts of the globe.There are two varieties—the Smooth and the Wire-haired, but of the two the Smooth are in greater demand, requiring much less attention to their toilet.Fox Terriers are very easy to rear, are hardy, usually of good constitution, pleasant in the house, though not always reliable with children, more especially under provocation.Puppies should be docked when they are two or three weeks old, and weaned about the fifth week. Before showing, we recommend washing on the previous day, adding a little blue to the water. Hard coats are greatly softened by washing.The Fox Terrier Club's description leaving little to be desired as to the show points of the Terrier, the author has taken the liberty of reproducing it as issued by that body.Standard of Points Recommended by the Fox Terrier ClubHead and Ears(value 15).—The skull should be flat and moderately narrow, and gradually decreasing in width to the eyes. Not much "stop" should be apparent, but there should be more dip in the profile between the forehead and top jaw than is seen in the case of a Greyhound.The cheeks must not be full.The ears should be V-shaped and small, of moderate thickness, and dropping forward close to the cheek, not hanging by the side of the head like those of a Foxhound.The jaw, upper and under, should be strong and muscular; should be of fair punishing strength, but not so in any way to resemble the Greyhound or modern English Terrier. There should not be much falling away below the eyes. This part of the head should, however, be moderately chiselled out, so as not to go down in a straight line like a wedge.The nose, towards which the muzzle must gradually taper, should be black.The eyes should be dark in colour, small, and rather deep-set, full of fire, life, and intelligence; as nearly as possible circular in shape.The teeth should be as nearly as possible level,i.e., the upper teeth on the outside of the lower teeth.Neck(value 5).—The neck should be clean and muscular, without throatiness, of fair length, and gradually widening to the shoulders.Smooth Fox Terrier Champion Cymro Queen(Property of MrA. Jowett).Miss Lewis's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Champion Donington Venture.Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Bandit.Shoulders and Chest(value 10).—The shoulders should be long and sloping, well laid back, fine at the points, and clearly cut at the withers.The chest deep and not broad.Back and Loin(value 10).—The back should be short, straight, and strong, with no appearance of slackness.The loin should be powerful and very slightly arched. The fore-ribs moderately arched, the back-ribs deep, and the dog well ribbed up.Hind-quarters(value 15).—Should be strong and muscular, quite free from droop or crouch; the thighs long and powerful; hocks near the ground, the dog standing well up on them like a Foxhound, and not straight in the stifle.Stern(value 5).—Should be set on rather high and carried gaily, but not over the back or curled. It should be of good strength, anything approaching a "pipe-stopper" tail being especially objectionable.Legs and Feet(value 15).—The legs viewed in any direction must be straight, showing little or no appearance of an ankle in front. They should be strong in bone throughout, short and straight to pastern. Both fore-and hind-legs should be carried straight forward in travelling, the stifles not turned outwards. The elbows should hang perpendicular to the body, working free of the sides. The feet shouldbe round, compact, and not large, the soles hard and tough, the toes moderately arched, and turned neither in nor out.Coat(value 10).—Should be straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense, and abundant. The belly and under side of the thighs should not be bare.As regards colour, white should predominate, brindle red, or liver markings are objectionable. Otherwise this point is of little or no importance.Symmetry, Size, and Character(value 15).—The dog must present a general gay, lively, and active appearance; bone and strength in a small compass are essentials, but this must not be taken to mean that a Fox Terrier should be cloddy, or in any way coarse—speed and endurance must be looked to as well as power, and the symmetry of the Foxhound taken as a model. The Terrier, like the Hound, must on no account be leggy, nor must he be too short in the leg. He should stand like a cleanly-made hunter, covering a lot of ground, yet with a short back as before stated. He will then attain the highest degree of propelling power, together with the greatest length of strides that is compatible with the length of his body. Weight is not a certain criterion of a Terrier's fitness for his work—general shape, size, and contour are the main points, and if a dog can gallop and stay, and follow his fox up a drain, it matters little what his weight is to a pound or so—though, roughly speaking, it may be said he should not scale over 20 lbs. in show condition.[Photo by Reveley, Wantage.Smooth Fox Terrier Dog Champion Dukedom(Property of MrRedmond).[Photo by Reveley, Wantage.Smooth Fox Terrier Dog, Darley Dale(Property of MrRedmond).Wire-haired Fox Terrier Dog, Remus of Gaywood(Property of MrWeaver).Mr Scott's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Millgate Leader.Rough Fox TerrierThis variety of the breed should resemble the Smooth sort in every respect except the coat, which should be broken. The harder and more wiry the texture of the coat is the better. On no account should the dog look or feel woolly, and there should be no silky hair about the poll or elsewhere. The coat should not be too long, so as to give a dog a shaggy appearance, but at the same time it should show a marked and distinct difference all over from the Smooth species.Scale of PointsHead and ears15Neck5Shoulders and chest10Back and loins10Hind-quarters15Stern5Legs and feet15Coat10Symmetry, size, and character15——100Disqualifying PointsNose.—White, cherry, or spotted to a considerable extent with either of these colours.Ears.—Prick, tulip, or rose.Mouth.—Much undershot or much overshot.SECTION FCHAPTER XIIITerriersSkye TerriersBedlington TerriersScottish TerriersIrish TerriersAiredale TerriersWhite West Highland Terrier(Poltalloch Terrier)Welsh TerriersDandie-Dinmonts

SECTION E

Fox Terriers

CHAPTER XII

Smooth-coated

Wire-haired

Club Rules

These Terriers have been for a number of years, and still are, exceedingly popular, chiefly, we believe on account of the following reasons:—(1) Their size renders them easily and conveniently kept; (2) their gameness makes them good for destroying vermin, such as rats, etc.; (3) making excellent house dogs, and are smart, active companions, and as such suitable for both sexes.

At most shows the Fox Terrier classes are better filled than those devoted to any other variety.

There is very little reliable information as to how and when the Fox Terrier sprang into existence, as it is hundreds of years since Terriers were writtenabout, though very little can be gleaned, as the word at that time had a very ambiguous meaning, consequently most of such records become speculative when discussing the probable origin of any given type of Terrier.

Rawdon B. Lee, in his book on the Fox Terrier, gives numerous extracts from various ancient writers with reference to the early history of the Fox Terrier, but the information leaves one very little wiser, upon the earlier history of these game little Terriers. It is a problem that bears every possibility of remaining unsolved.

For the present purpose it is sufficient to know that the breed is with us in a very high state of perfection, and that this has been attained by selection within the last fifty years, or thereabout.

Whether these Terriers, as we find them on the show bench, are equal to the tasks usually imposed upon their predecessors, is another matter, and one that Fox Terrier men, in general, are not always inclined to discuss.

That there are any amount of game Fox Terriers on the show bench there is abundant evidence to prove, but we have no knowledge as to whether these constitute the majority.

Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Jof.

Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Jof.

Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Jof.

Champion South Cave Leger(Property of MrA. Jowett).

Champion South Cave Leger(Property of MrA. Jowett).

Champion South Cave Leger(Property of MrA. Jowett).

Smooth Fox Terrier Duke of Doncaster(Property of MrsBennett Edwards).

Smooth Fox Terrier Duke of Doncaster(Property of MrsBennett Edwards).

Smooth Fox Terrier Duke of Doncaster(Property of MrsBennett Edwards).

The Fox Terrier Club, the Fylde Fox Terrier Club, and Fox Terrier clubs galore in other parts of the country have done wonders towards improving the show-bench qualities of the modern Fox Terrier, and still more to render him popular in almost all parts of the globe.

There are two varieties—the Smooth and the Wire-haired, but of the two the Smooth are in greater demand, requiring much less attention to their toilet.

Fox Terriers are very easy to rear, are hardy, usually of good constitution, pleasant in the house, though not always reliable with children, more especially under provocation.

Puppies should be docked when they are two or three weeks old, and weaned about the fifth week. Before showing, we recommend washing on the previous day, adding a little blue to the water. Hard coats are greatly softened by washing.

The Fox Terrier Club's description leaving little to be desired as to the show points of the Terrier, the author has taken the liberty of reproducing it as issued by that body.

Standard of Points Recommended by the Fox Terrier Club

Head and Ears(value 15).—The skull should be flat and moderately narrow, and gradually decreasing in width to the eyes. Not much "stop" should be apparent, but there should be more dip in the profile between the forehead and top jaw than is seen in the case of a Greyhound.

The cheeks must not be full.

The ears should be V-shaped and small, of moderate thickness, and dropping forward close to the cheek, not hanging by the side of the head like those of a Foxhound.

The jaw, upper and under, should be strong and muscular; should be of fair punishing strength, but not so in any way to resemble the Greyhound or modern English Terrier. There should not be much falling away below the eyes. This part of the head should, however, be moderately chiselled out, so as not to go down in a straight line like a wedge.

The nose, towards which the muzzle must gradually taper, should be black.

The eyes should be dark in colour, small, and rather deep-set, full of fire, life, and intelligence; as nearly as possible circular in shape.

The teeth should be as nearly as possible level,i.e., the upper teeth on the outside of the lower teeth.

Neck(value 5).—The neck should be clean and muscular, without throatiness, of fair length, and gradually widening to the shoulders.

Smooth Fox Terrier Champion Cymro Queen(Property of MrA. Jowett).

Smooth Fox Terrier Champion Cymro Queen(Property of MrA. Jowett).

Smooth Fox Terrier Champion Cymro Queen(Property of MrA. Jowett).

Miss Lewis's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Champion Donington Venture.

Miss Lewis's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Champion Donington Venture.

Miss Lewis's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Champion Donington Venture.

Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Bandit.

Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Bandit.

Mr Scott's Smooth Fox Terrier Millgate Bandit.

Shoulders and Chest(value 10).—The shoulders should be long and sloping, well laid back, fine at the points, and clearly cut at the withers.

The chest deep and not broad.

Back and Loin(value 10).—The back should be short, straight, and strong, with no appearance of slackness.

The loin should be powerful and very slightly arched. The fore-ribs moderately arched, the back-ribs deep, and the dog well ribbed up.

Hind-quarters(value 15).—Should be strong and muscular, quite free from droop or crouch; the thighs long and powerful; hocks near the ground, the dog standing well up on them like a Foxhound, and not straight in the stifle.

Stern(value 5).—Should be set on rather high and carried gaily, but not over the back or curled. It should be of good strength, anything approaching a "pipe-stopper" tail being especially objectionable.

Legs and Feet(value 15).—The legs viewed in any direction must be straight, showing little or no appearance of an ankle in front. They should be strong in bone throughout, short and straight to pastern. Both fore-and hind-legs should be carried straight forward in travelling, the stifles not turned outwards. The elbows should hang perpendicular to the body, working free of the sides. The feet shouldbe round, compact, and not large, the soles hard and tough, the toes moderately arched, and turned neither in nor out.

Coat(value 10).—Should be straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense, and abundant. The belly and under side of the thighs should not be bare.

As regards colour, white should predominate, brindle red, or liver markings are objectionable. Otherwise this point is of little or no importance.

Symmetry, Size, and Character(value 15).—The dog must present a general gay, lively, and active appearance; bone and strength in a small compass are essentials, but this must not be taken to mean that a Fox Terrier should be cloddy, or in any way coarse—speed and endurance must be looked to as well as power, and the symmetry of the Foxhound taken as a model. The Terrier, like the Hound, must on no account be leggy, nor must he be too short in the leg. He should stand like a cleanly-made hunter, covering a lot of ground, yet with a short back as before stated. He will then attain the highest degree of propelling power, together with the greatest length of strides that is compatible with the length of his body. Weight is not a certain criterion of a Terrier's fitness for his work—general shape, size, and contour are the main points, and if a dog can gallop and stay, and follow his fox up a drain, it matters little what his weight is to a pound or so—though, roughly speaking, it may be said he should not scale over 20 lbs. in show condition.

[Photo by Reveley, Wantage.

Smooth Fox Terrier Dog Champion Dukedom(Property of MrRedmond).

[Photo by Reveley, Wantage.

Smooth Fox Terrier Dog, Darley Dale(Property of MrRedmond).

Wire-haired Fox Terrier Dog, Remus of Gaywood(Property of MrWeaver).

Wire-haired Fox Terrier Dog, Remus of Gaywood(Property of MrWeaver).

Wire-haired Fox Terrier Dog, Remus of Gaywood(Property of MrWeaver).

Mr Scott's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Millgate Leader.

Mr Scott's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Millgate Leader.

Mr Scott's Wire-haired Fox Terrier Millgate Leader.

This variety of the breed should resemble the Smooth sort in every respect except the coat, which should be broken. The harder and more wiry the texture of the coat is the better. On no account should the dog look or feel woolly, and there should be no silky hair about the poll or elsewhere. The coat should not be too long, so as to give a dog a shaggy appearance, but at the same time it should show a marked and distinct difference all over from the Smooth species.

Scale of Points

Disqualifying Points

Nose.—White, cherry, or spotted to a considerable extent with either of these colours.

Ears.—Prick, tulip, or rose.

Mouth.—Much undershot or much overshot.

SECTION F

CHAPTER XIII

Terriers

Skye Terriers

Bedlington Terriers

Scottish Terriers

Irish Terriers

Airedale Terriers

White West Highland Terrier(Poltalloch Terrier)

Welsh Terriers

Dandie-Dinmonts

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