CHAPTER XXIIIDiseases of the EarDropsy of the Ear-flap—Otitis or Inflammation of the Ear—Otorrhœa or Canker—Split Margin—Eczema of Ears—Deafness—Morbid Growths in Passage—Concretions—Syringing Ears.DROPSY OF THE EAR-FLAPLong-eared dogs—more especially Spaniels and Retrievers—are very liable to suffer from this complaint. In some instances the causes are, probably, of a constitutional nature, but as a rule it is the result of a bruise.The bruise gives rise to the production of an inflammatory effusion between the skin and cartilage of the external ear, causing a baggy-like swelling, compressible with the finger, and alterable in shape when the external ear is manipulated.The old, and by far the most satisfactory way of dealing with this serous (watery) abscess is to make a free cut into it. Introduce the finger into the wound and break down adhesions; then wash outwith a little iodine and water. Keep wound open for a few days. This will always effect a cure.OTITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF EARThe passage of the ear is reddened and causes the dog to rub his sore ear, or even cry from the pain. Very frequently this condition is accompanied by a fetid discharge; if so, it is spoken of as internal canker of ear. A little cooling lotion, such as a couple of teaspoonfuls of Goulard, in eight ounces of water, applied night and morning, will usually suffice to cure this complaint. At same time give a dose of purgative medicine.OTORRHŒA OR CANKER OF EARThis is an exceedingly common disease of dogs, and when it has been allowed to run on unchecked becomes very intractable.When the internal ear is in a diseased condition,i.e., disease of the bones, etc., the malady is incurable.In the majority of instances the middle ear alone is the seat of inflammatory action and suppuration, and usually curable.One form of ear canker is produced by parasites (Symbiotes auricularis canis) invading the passage.The ordinary form of canker is the result of some slight abrasion of the middle ear, and subsequent infection of the wound by germs.The secretion of the ear and constitutional predisposition towards eczema have no doubt an influence in determining the onset of canker, of a non-parasitic nature.The entrance of water and other foreign materials is thought to be equally productive of this disease, but, as already stated, in all probability it is necessary to have some slight excoriation of the lining membrane.Turning the head to one side—when one ear is affected, though frequently both are diseased—pain when the ear is manipulated, revealing, on close inspection of the passage, increased redness, with a sooty-like deposit (dry form), or moisture (moist form), passing into various stages of suppuration, are the usual signs of this disease.Frequently the pus is mingled with blood, the latter either coming from the tender abraded lining of the middle ear, or, may be, from disease of the bones.Careful inspection will generally settle the matter. The duration of the malady is of importance when forming an opinion.In bad cases the discharge drops from the ears, emitting a most offensive odour.Treatment.—Cleanse ears thoroughly with warm water and a little spirit of wine.Syringe out daily.Pour in some of the following lotion night and morning.℞Glycerine2 ouncesLaudanum½ ounceLead acetate½ drachmWater added8 ouncesMix. Warm before use.Milder cases can be cured by dusting boracic acid powder into ear night and morning, and for parasitic canker, use in the same way a little white precipitate (ammoniated chloride of mercury).Give a dose of purgative medicine, such as Epsom salts, and then follow up with a course of alterative medicine. (SeeRecipes).SPLIT MARGINInjuries of the flap of the ear are often very troublesome to treat successfully. On this account such sores are spoken of asexternal canker, in contradistinction to the disease previously discussed.When the ear has been torn, it is necessary to have professional aid to make a satisfactory job of it.An effort must be made to get the edges of the torn surfaces to heal by what is called first intention.ECZEMA OF THE EARSThe margins of the flaps of the ears are commonly the seat of a dry eczematous eruption. They become scaly, thickened, and hairless.Many dogs have their ears in this condition foryears; nevertheless, it is very unsightly, and the longer it exists the more the trouble of eradicating it.Apply with friction an ointment, composed as follows, night and morning.℞Oil of tar2 drachmsGlycerine2 drachmsPowdered sulphur½ ounceCreosote1 drachmLard added4 ouncesMix and rub well in all around the margins, for twenty minutes each time.In addition to this, give a 5-grain blue pill, feed on meat and bread, giving less dog-biscuit, if this has been the principal food. A course of alterative medicine will be required.DEAFNESSDeafness may be "complete" or only "partial," and confined to one, or affecting both ears.In some dogs it is congenital,i.e., present from birth; in others acquired.Severe canker will cause deafness, so will a blow over the ear.Morbid growths in the passage, and accumulation of waxy material, etc., will likewise produce "partial" or "complete" loss of hearing.Treatment must be directed to the removal—whenever possible—of the cause.MORBID GROWTHS IN THE EAR-PASSAGEOccasionally the middle ear is the seat of various morbid growths, either of a wart-like character, or as small-stalked tumours, causing complete or partial deafness, in accordance with the occluding area involved.Surgical treatment is necessary, excepting in the case of a single-stalked growth (polypus), around which a thin piece of twine or wire can be fixed. It will then slough off.Concretions.—These are chiefly accumulations of wax within the ear, and should be removed first by softening with a little warm almond oil and then syringing with weak spirit and tepid water.Syringing Ears.—Special glass, vulcanite and rubber syringes are sold for this purpose. Before injecting the fluid, warm it.The stream of liquid should be forced well into the ear.For cleansing the ears, add a dessertspoonful of spirit of wine to a teacupful of rose-water, warmed before use.This liquid can be syringed into the depths of the passage once a day.The dog should have a tape muzzle put on, and then held by an assistant.CHAPTER XXIVDiseases of the EyeOphthalmia—Blindness—Inverted Eyelids—Everted Eyelids—Torn Eyelids—Bareness around MarginsOPHTHALMIAInflammation of one or both eyes is of fairly frequent occurrence amongst dogs, more especially when a dog has distemper; in fact, the eyes nearly always participate in this malady. Injuries, such as those produced by passing through thickets, etc., are also causes of this condition: likewise chemical, and other mechanical agencies.The conjunctiva, or membrane lining the eyelids becomes an intense red: the eyes are intolerant to light, and tears flow freely over the face: the eyelids adherent, more especially after sleep, with a purulent discharge issuing therefrom.Prolonged inflammation is liable to end in the production of opacity of the cornea, the surface of this membrane becoming a bluish white.In distemper, ulceration of it is not uncommon. When Hounds are kept in damp kennels, where the sanitary arrangements are bad, very severe forms of distemper ophthalmia are frequent. The remark applies also to other dogs so situated.Treatment.—This must be of both a "local" and general kind.Sponge eyes several times daily with a weak boracic acid lotion (30 grains to 6 ounces of water), using a sponge or piece of linen previously dipped in boiling water. Good results sometimes follow fomenting with luke-warm tea, its simplicity being a recommendation. When the cornea is ulcerated, use a solution of nitrate of silver (4 grains to the ounce of distilled water) as drops, night and morning. Keep the dog's head steady, part the lids, and then apply.These drops will be equally useful for "cloudy cornea."Rest the eyes by keeping dog in a dark place. Around the margins a little of Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment will be of as much service as aught else that can be recommended, and can be procured at any drug stores.BLINDNESSA predisposing factor in the production of blindness is that of old age, many aged dogs having whatis known as senile cataracts. Injuries of any kind to the eye are liable to end in either partial, or complete, blindness.In cataract, it is the lens, its covering, or both, that are the seats of disease.In the so-called glass eye (Amaurosis), the appearance of the eye is that of a normal one, the optic nerve being in a paralytic state.Opacity of the cornea does, in accordance with the degree and situation of such deposit, produce corresponding deficiency of sight.INVERTED EYELIDSIn this diseased condition it is generally the upper eyelid that is turned inwards. If the eyelashes grow inwards, it is calledTrichiasis. In both conditions it follows that the lashes must be in contact with the globe of the eye.If only a few lashes are growing inwards, they should be pulled out, but, if numerous, this is not a good plan. To cure it, a surgical operation is necessary.EVERTED EYELIDSLike inverted or turned-in eyelid, everted, or turned-out eyelid is not a diseased condition, but the outcome of disease, probably of a weak orbicular muscle.It is the lower eye that is usually affected, and is curable by operation only.TORN EYELIDSInjuries to the eyelids, unless properly treated, are liable to result in permanent unsightliness, or, it may be, affect the sight.Either of the conditions last alluded to can be produced through injury to the eyelids externally, or internally.Unless very slightly torn, it will be better to consult a M.R.C.V.S.FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYESMinute particles of foreign substances, such as thorns, the outer covering of various seeds, etc., are liable to gain admission into the eyes.If the glume of an oat seed, etc., lodges on the cornea, it may remain adherent, setting up inflammation of it. Blindness is a common result.When the cornea is punctured, it is advisable to have professional advice.After the removal of a foreign body—best done by turning the upper lid outwards and upwards with the fingers—insert a drop or two of castor oil daily for a few days, or as long as seems necessary. Severe injuries to the eyeball are liable to be followed by sympathetic inflammation in the sound eye.BARENESS ROUND MARGINS OF EYESIt commonly happens that around the margins, through several causes, the hairy part becomes destitute of hair, giving the dog a very unsightly appearance.In most instances the disease is of an eczematous nature, requiring constitutional treatment for its removal. (SeeEczema.)As an erythema it is seen in distemper, arising through the acrid discharge from the eyes scalding the surrounding areas.Smear the part with a little Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment, or with a little vaseline, cold cream, or boracic acid ointment.CHAPTER XXVInjuries and Minor OperationsWounds—Overgrown Claws—FracturesWOUNDSLacerated and punctured wounds are very common, more especially amongst sporting dogs, and this chiefly owing to the thickets, etc., they have to face during work.Wounds and fractures are not uncommonly associated; if so, the injury is spoken of as compound. The gravity of a dual injury is much greater than where either exists as a single one.Gunshot wounds are not uncommon, and when examining such, a good deal of care is necessary. Sometimes the shots are simply lodged beneath the skin, and can be felt by rolling the skin beneath the fingers.In other instances the flesh is penetrated, and, it may be, the internal organs injured.Although shot may have penetrated the cavity of the chest, or the belly, it does not follow that the injury be of a vital nature; in fact, the author'sexperience of gunshot wounds in the dog has been as a rule favourable, most of the dogs showing but little after effects.If shot have passed deeply in, penetrating the chest, etc., no attempt should be made to interfere with the wounds.When shots are lodged in tendons, etc., about the knee, they should be removed forthwith.Lacerated or torn wounds will probably require sewing up; if so, they must first of all be thoroughly cleansed with some warm water, to which a little disinfectant has been added.Special care must be taken to remove all irritating particles, and the hair ought to be clipped closely off in juxtaposition to the injury.Severe bleeding must be arrested with cold water, or by touching the end of the bleeding vessel with the point of a hot iron, or through the application of a few drops of strong tincture of iron, tow, and a bandage.A stout needle and boiled string can be used to sew up the wound.A very common situation to find a clean-cut (incised) wound is upon the pads of the feet, caused by the dog stepping upon some sharp object, such as a bit of glass, flint, etc.Put the foot in hot water and cover it with a pad of tow or lint, soaked in a little carbolic oil or otherantiseptic liniment, bandage, and keep dog at rest for a few days.A little compound tincture of myrrh is an excellent remedy for painting superficial wounds, so is boracic acid as a dusting powder.Every kennelman should keep these handy in case of emergency, likewise tow, a bandage, and some antiseptic, such as carbolic acid, chinosol, etc.OVERGROWN CLAWSIt is very common to find the length of the claws so excessive that the resulting overgrowth penetrates the soft structures, causing the part to suppurate, and the dog lameness.Clip off the offending part with a sharp pair of nippers. As a rule, nothing further is required.FRACTURESThe long bones,i.e., the bones of the limbs, are those commonly broken, but short, flat and irregular bones are frequently injured.Broken back may happen when a dog is run over, but this is more liable to happen to a non-sporting dog, or rather to such as are kept in the neighbourhood of busy thoroughfares.A senseless puppy sometimes meets with an accident of this class.A dislocation is an injury whereby the bone is forced out of its place.The short bones of the feet are often broken, and their repair is usually an easy one, though, as in the case of the other fractures, complicated, if a wound be present.Fractures of the skull are not common injuries amongst dogs, and when they do occur, call for special skill in treatment.If the broken ends of a bone are not accurately adjusted, a deformed, or false, union results, more or less spoiling the utility of the animal.As a rule, considerable swelling comes on after fracture of the long bones, especially of the forearm, therefore an effort must be made to subdue this by bathing freely with warm water.Well-padded splints should be used—if applicable—and applied directly to the skin, being retained in position by a bandage.If the bandage is too tightly applied, the circulation to the part will be interfered with, probably destroying the vitality of it. Coldness and numbness are the chief signs of this.Leather, wood, gutta-percha, starch, egg and gum, etc., are all used as supports to a broken limb. A plaster bandage is very useful.In the case of a valuable dog, it is advisable to consult a qualified veterinary practitioner.Rest is of course an indispensable factor in the treatment of both fractures and dislocations.When a dislocation accompanies a fracture, or wound and fracture, at a joint, the animal should be destroyed, as the results of surgery under these conditions is not often satisfactory.CHAPTER XXVIMinor OperationsDocking—Setoning—Enemas—Fomentations—Blistering—Tumours and WartsDOCKINGSuch varieties as Fox, Airedale, Irish Terriers, Spaniels, etc., require to have their tails shortened, and this should be done when the puppies are, say, a couple or three weeks old. An old, but rather revolting custom is that of biting off the requisite portion.A sharp pair of serrated scissors, or a chisel, will do the work satisfactorily, and nothing should be done to the cut end, beyond allowing the healing to follow its natural course.SETONINGSetons and rowels are not used in the present day so much as in times gone by, nevertheless, when employed with discretion, are of service.At one time setons were largely used for insertion into the poll when a dog had fits, especially during distemper. In the author's opinion they are injurious for this purpose, but as a counter-irritant in lung andbronchial complaints, good often results from their employment. Many local swellings can be dispersed through the insertion of either a set-on or a rowel. Tape, horse-hair, tow, or a circular piece of leather wrapped in tow, are the issues used. If a seton, the skin must be snipped at the inlet and outlet; the needle threaded and passed along under the skin (no deeper as a rule) to the point of exit, and the tape fastened off. It is usual to smear the tape with some stimulating substance, such as resin or turpentine ointment, in order to excite a speedy local inflammation. The tape must be moved (not removed) daily, kept clean, and smeared with the ointment twice weekly.CLYSTERS OR ENEMAS (LAVEMENTS)These may be either plain, medicated, or nutritive. For the two first-named purposes, either warm or cold water may be used, the amount varying with the effect it is desired to produce.To empty the lower end of the bowel, from half to three pints will be found sufficient for most sporting dogs.A little salt, soft soap, and glycerine, will increase the activity of the clyster.A chronic, torpid condition of the lower end of the bowel is best overcome by injecting about half a teacupful of cold water into it every morning, at thesame time allowing plenty of exercise and a soft diet, such as oatmeal, or wet bread and meat.In diarrhœa, dysentery, etc., good results are often obtained by giving a cold boiled-starch clyster. About four tablespoonfuls will be enough at a time. When it is desirable to administer nourishment by the rectum, it is necessary to wash out the lower end of the bowel with a warm-water clyster, before injecting the nutritive medium.The yolk of an egg, a dessertspoonful of brandy, and a teaspoonful of sulphuric ether makes a useful, sustaining enema.Another good injection is a couple of teaspoonfuls of salt, dissolved in half a pint of tepid water, then injected.Loss of blood, etc., can often be made up by the use of this saline injection.FOMENTATIONSFor many purposes fomentations are superior to poultices, the chief difficulty being in keeping up the heat to the desirable standard.A pad of thick flannel should be planned, and this soaked in boiling water, then wrung dry in a roller.To assist in maintaining the heat, a piece of mackintosh sheeting ought to be put over the pad, and a dry flannel above all.For difficult breathing, pain in the belly, or local pain, etc., moist warmth is exceedingly beneficial, and quite harmless under any circumstances.In animals, it is a general custom to bathe the seat of disease with the hot water.Perseverance is essential to success, and more harm results from hot fomentations applied in a half-hearted manner than where they are not used at all.BLISTERINGBeyond the application of mustard, turpentine, or hot water, blistering agents are not much employed in the treatment of canine ailments.As a remedy for external use in diseases of the bronchial tubes and lungs, mustard has not, in the author's opinion, any superior.It can be used either as a paste applied directly to the skin, or in combination with boiled linseed poultices.In long-haired dogs it is advisable to clip off some of the hair, so as to facilitate the full counter-irritant properties of the mustard.It requires very little rubbing in, and it is not advisable to repeat the application, unless specially called for.TUMOURS AND WARTSA multiplicity of morbid growths are liable tooccur in dogs, some of these growths being of a very simple nature, others of a malignant or recurrent order.By far the commonest are warty growths upon lips, tongue, and generative organ.It is remarkable, but these often disappear spontaneously.Solitary warts, if sufficiently large, can be removed by tying a piece of strong whip-cord around the root of the growth. This remark is equally applicable to other small tumours.Dressing with some caustic agent such as lunar caustic, strong acetic acid, blue-stone, etc., may be effected in some cases, and others (when on tongue), dusted with dry calcined magnesia.Tumours about the belly, etc., demand professional skill.Polypi, or stalked tumours, are commonly found growing from the mucous membrane of the ears, nose, and female generative passage.They can be removed by ligature.APPENDIXWhite West Highland TerrierSTANDARD OF POINTS AS AGREED UPON AT THE MEETING OF THE CLUB REPORTED UNDER "CLUB NOTICES."1. The General Appearance of the White West Highland Terrier is that of a small, game, hardy-looking Terrier, possessed with no small amount of self-esteem, with a varminty appearance, strongly built, deep in chest and back ribs, straight back and powerful quarters, on muscular legs, and exhibiting in a marked degree a great combination of strength and activity. The Coat should be about 2-1/2 in. long, white in colour, hard, with plenty of soft under coat, and no tendency to wave or curl. The Tail should be as straight as possible, and carried gaily, and covered with hard hair, but not bushy. The Skull should not be too narrow, being in proportion to the terribly powerful jaw, but must be narrow between the ears. The Ears should be as small and sharp-pointed as possible, and carried tightly up, but must be either erect or semi-erect, and both ears must be exactly alike. The Eyes of moderate size, dark hazel in colour, widely placed, rather sunk or deep-set, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The Muzzle should be proportionately long and powerful, gradually tapering towards the nose. The Nose, Roof of Mouth, and Pads of Feet distinctly black in colour.2.Colour.—White.3.Coat.—Very important and seldom seen to perfection:must be double-coated. The outer coat consists of hard hair, about 2-1/2 ins. long, and free from any curl. The under coat, which resembles fur, is short, soft, and close. Open coats are objectionable.4.Size.—Dogs to weigh from 14 lbs. to 18 lbs., and bitches from 12 lbs. to 16 lbs., and measure from 8 ins. to 12 ins. at the shoulder.5.Skull.—Should not be too narrow, being in proportion to his powerful jaw, proportionally long, slightly domed, and gradually tapering to the eyes, between which there should be a slight indentation or stop. Eyebrows heavy. The hair on the skull to be from ¾ in. to 1 in. long, fairly hard.6.Eyes.—Widely set apart, medium size, dark hazel in colour, slightly sunk in the head, sharp and intelligent, which, looking from under the heavy eyebrows, give a piercing look. Full eyes and also light-coloured eyes are very objectionable.7.Muzzle.—Should be powerful. The jaws level and powerful, and teeth square or evenly met, well set, and large for the size of the dog.8.Ears.—Small, carried erect or semi-erect, but never drop, and should be carried tightly up. The semi-erect ear should drop nicely over at the tips, the break being about three-quarters up the ear, and both forms of ears should terminate in a sharp point. The hair on them should be short, smooth (velvety), and they should not be cut. The ears should be free from any fringe at the top. Round-pointed, broad, and large ears are objectionable, also ears too heavily covered with hair.9.Neck.—Muscular, and nicely set on sloping shoulders.10.Chest.—Very deep, with breadth in comparison to the size of the dog.11.Body.—Compact, straight back, ribs deep and well arched in the upper half of rib, presenting a flattish side appearance. Loins broad and strong. Hind-quarters strong, muscular, and wide across the top.12.Legs and Feet.—Both fore-and hind-legs should be short and muscular. The shoulder-blades should be comparatively broad, and well sloped backwards. The points of the shoulder-blades should be closely knit into the backbone, so that very little movement of them should be noticeable when the dog is walking. The elbow should be close in to the body, both when moving or standing, thus causing the fore-leg to be well placed in under the shoulder. The fore-legs should be straight and thickly covered with short, hard hair. The hind-legs should be short and sinewy. The thighs very muscular, and not too wide apart. The hocks bent and well set in under the body, so as to be fairly close to each other, either when standing, walking, or running (trotting), and, when standing, the hind-legs, from the point of the hock down to the fetlock joint, should be straight or perpendicular, and not far apart. The fore feet are larger than the hind ones, are round, proportionate in size, strong, thickly padded, and covered with short, hard hair. The foot must point straight forward. The hind feet are smaller, not quite as round as fore feet, and thickly padded. The under surface of the pads of feet, and all the nails, should be distinctly black in colour. Hocks too much bent (cow hocks) detracts from the general appearance. Straight hocks are weak: both kinds are undesirable, and should be guarded against.13.Tail.—6 ins. or 7 ins. long, covered with hard hair (no feather), as straight as possible, carried gaily, but not curled over back. A long tail is objectionable.14.Movement.—Should be free, straight, and easy allround. In front, the leg should be freely extended forward by the shoulder. The hind movement should be free, strong, and close. The hocks should be freely flexed and drawn close in under the body, so that, when moving off the foot, the body is thrown or pushed forward with some force. Stiff, stilty movement behind is very objectionable.Faults.1.Coat.—Any silkiness, wave, or tendency to curl is a serious blemish, as is also an open coat.2.Size.—Any specimens under the minimum weight, or above the maximum weight, are objectionable.3.Eyes.—Full or light-coloured.4.Ears.—Round-pointed, drop, broad, and large ears, also ears too heavily covered with hair.5.Muzzle.—Either under, or overshot and defective teeth.Scale of Points.General Appearance5Colour5Coat10Size7½Skull7½Eyes5Muzzle5Ears5Neck10Chest10Body10Legs and Feet7½Tail5Movement7½————Total100INDEXAAfghan Greyhound,333—— neck,334—— colour,334—— height at shoulders,334Airedale Terrier,293—— Standard of Points,298—— Club,298Antimony poisoning,414Appendix,443Arsenic,413Association of Bloodhound Breeders,146BBareness round margin of eyes,432Basset-hounds,206—— colour,208—— coat,208—— head,208—— fore-quarters,225—— chest,225—— Club,226—— Club rules,226—— (Smooth), points,233—— (Rough) points,235Beagle,181—— Club (English), description of points,187—— (American), points, etc.,190Bedlington Terrier,274—— height,277—— weight,277—— colour,277—— nose,277—— coat,277—— skull,277—— body,277—— tail,277—— limbs,278—— quarters,278—— Club,278Black-and-tan Setter (Gordon Setter),29Blindness,429Blistering,441Bloodhounds,141—— head,142—— legs and feet,145—— chest and shoulders,145—— neck, ribs, back and loins,145—— hind-quarters and limbs,146—— tail, coat and colour,146—— height,146—— Club,146Blood poisoning,381Boils,387Borzois or Russian Wolfhound,179—— chest, neck,180—— fore-limbs,180—— colour,180—— coat, height,181—— faults,181—— Club,181CCanker of ear,423Clumber Spaniel,71Clysters or Enemas,439Cocker Spaniel,84—— head, ears,87—— coat, colour,87—— Club,88—— prices,88—— faults,88Conditioning Dogs,366Constitutional Rules of the Retriever Society,59DDachshund,194—— head,194—— chest, shoulders,205—— hind-quarters,205Dandie-Dinmont Terrier,310—— head,313—— neck, tail,314—— fore and hind-limbs,314—— colour,314—— Society,315—— Standard of Points,315Deafness,426Deerhound,128—— head, ears,129—— neck, shoulders, stern,130—— legs, feet,135—— faults,135—— colour,136—— coat,136—— height and weight,137Diarrhœa,403Docking,438Dropsy of the ear-flaps,422Dysentery,405Dyspepsia,408EEczema,384English Setter,18—— points, etc.,23—— faults,24English Water Spaniel,92Everted eyelids,430FFeeding Sporting Dogs,363Field Spaniels,82Fleas,389Follicular Mange,393Fomentations,440Foreign bodies in the eyes,431Foxhound, the,113Foxhound, Stud Book,114Fox Terriers,239—— Club,247—— Standard of Points,247—— (Rough),265—— points of,265—— Disqualifying Points,266Fractures,435GGamekeepers' Kennel Association,351—— Rules,352Greyhounds,157—— head, eyes,158—— ears, neck,158—— fore and hind-quarters,158—— coat and colour, etc.,167Gullet, disease of,394HHæmorrhage,406Hæmorrhoids,407Harriers,122—— loins, back, ribs,125—— chest, fore-limbs,125—— coat,125Herpes,387IInflammation of stomach,395—— of bowels,396—— of bladder,420—— of ear,423International Gundog League,32Inverted eyelids,430Irish Setter,25—— coat, etc.,26Irish Terrier,287—— coat, colour, etc.,288—— weight,293—— Club,293—— prices,293Irish Water Spaniel,88—— colour, coat, height,91—— general appearance,91—— faults,92—— Club,92Irish Wolfhound,155—— points, etc.,156JJaundice,410KKidneys, disease of,418LLabradors,56Lead poisoning,417Lurcher,337MMange, Follicular,393Mange, Sarcoptic,391Mercury,417Morbid growths in the ear passage,427NNettle-rash,388Night-dogs, the Training, Use, and Abuse of,337OOphthalmia,428Otterhound,126—— colour,126—— skull, neck,127—— height,127Overgrown claws,435PPediculi or lice,390Phosphorus poisoning,416Pointer and Setter Society,32Pointer, the,3Poisons,413Ptomaine poisoning,418RRabies,379Retrievers,41—— head,47—— ears, back limbs,48Retrievers (Flat-coated),41—— (Curly-coated),55Rheumatism,382Ringworm,391Rules adopted at the Retriever Society,63Ruptures,411SSarcoptic Mange,389Scottish Terrier,278—— coat, weight, colour,283—— neck, chest, etc.,284—— head, muzzle,284—— height,287—— Clubs,287Setoning,438Skye Terrier,269—— head,273—— weight,273—— faults,273—— Club,273—— prices,273Spaniels,66—— colour of,68—— Sussex,76Specific ailments,369Split margin,425Stone in the bladder,419Stricture,421Strychnine poisoning,415TTorn eyelids,431Training Spaniels,102Tumours and warts,441Twist of the bowels,395VVomiting,398WWelsh Terrier,308—— head, neck,308—— arms, and forearms ,309—— back, loins, tail, and feet,309—— Club,309Whippet,167—— coat,168—— constitution,168—— fore-limbs,168—— hind-quarters,171—— tail and feet,171—— General appearances,171White West Highland Terrier,305,307(see Appendix, p.443)Worms,399Wounds,433THE ENDColston & Coy. Limited, Printers, Edinburgh
CHAPTER XXIIIDiseases of the EarDropsy of the Ear-flap—Otitis or Inflammation of the Ear—Otorrhœa or Canker—Split Margin—Eczema of Ears—Deafness—Morbid Growths in Passage—Concretions—Syringing Ears.DROPSY OF THE EAR-FLAPLong-eared dogs—more especially Spaniels and Retrievers—are very liable to suffer from this complaint. In some instances the causes are, probably, of a constitutional nature, but as a rule it is the result of a bruise.The bruise gives rise to the production of an inflammatory effusion between the skin and cartilage of the external ear, causing a baggy-like swelling, compressible with the finger, and alterable in shape when the external ear is manipulated.The old, and by far the most satisfactory way of dealing with this serous (watery) abscess is to make a free cut into it. Introduce the finger into the wound and break down adhesions; then wash outwith a little iodine and water. Keep wound open for a few days. This will always effect a cure.OTITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF EARThe passage of the ear is reddened and causes the dog to rub his sore ear, or even cry from the pain. Very frequently this condition is accompanied by a fetid discharge; if so, it is spoken of as internal canker of ear. A little cooling lotion, such as a couple of teaspoonfuls of Goulard, in eight ounces of water, applied night and morning, will usually suffice to cure this complaint. At same time give a dose of purgative medicine.OTORRHŒA OR CANKER OF EARThis is an exceedingly common disease of dogs, and when it has been allowed to run on unchecked becomes very intractable.When the internal ear is in a diseased condition,i.e., disease of the bones, etc., the malady is incurable.In the majority of instances the middle ear alone is the seat of inflammatory action and suppuration, and usually curable.One form of ear canker is produced by parasites (Symbiotes auricularis canis) invading the passage.The ordinary form of canker is the result of some slight abrasion of the middle ear, and subsequent infection of the wound by germs.The secretion of the ear and constitutional predisposition towards eczema have no doubt an influence in determining the onset of canker, of a non-parasitic nature.The entrance of water and other foreign materials is thought to be equally productive of this disease, but, as already stated, in all probability it is necessary to have some slight excoriation of the lining membrane.Turning the head to one side—when one ear is affected, though frequently both are diseased—pain when the ear is manipulated, revealing, on close inspection of the passage, increased redness, with a sooty-like deposit (dry form), or moisture (moist form), passing into various stages of suppuration, are the usual signs of this disease.Frequently the pus is mingled with blood, the latter either coming from the tender abraded lining of the middle ear, or, may be, from disease of the bones.Careful inspection will generally settle the matter. The duration of the malady is of importance when forming an opinion.In bad cases the discharge drops from the ears, emitting a most offensive odour.Treatment.—Cleanse ears thoroughly with warm water and a little spirit of wine.Syringe out daily.Pour in some of the following lotion night and morning.℞Glycerine2 ouncesLaudanum½ ounceLead acetate½ drachmWater added8 ouncesMix. Warm before use.Milder cases can be cured by dusting boracic acid powder into ear night and morning, and for parasitic canker, use in the same way a little white precipitate (ammoniated chloride of mercury).Give a dose of purgative medicine, such as Epsom salts, and then follow up with a course of alterative medicine. (SeeRecipes).SPLIT MARGINInjuries of the flap of the ear are often very troublesome to treat successfully. On this account such sores are spoken of asexternal canker, in contradistinction to the disease previously discussed.When the ear has been torn, it is necessary to have professional aid to make a satisfactory job of it.An effort must be made to get the edges of the torn surfaces to heal by what is called first intention.ECZEMA OF THE EARSThe margins of the flaps of the ears are commonly the seat of a dry eczematous eruption. They become scaly, thickened, and hairless.Many dogs have their ears in this condition foryears; nevertheless, it is very unsightly, and the longer it exists the more the trouble of eradicating it.Apply with friction an ointment, composed as follows, night and morning.℞Oil of tar2 drachmsGlycerine2 drachmsPowdered sulphur½ ounceCreosote1 drachmLard added4 ouncesMix and rub well in all around the margins, for twenty minutes each time.In addition to this, give a 5-grain blue pill, feed on meat and bread, giving less dog-biscuit, if this has been the principal food. A course of alterative medicine will be required.DEAFNESSDeafness may be "complete" or only "partial," and confined to one, or affecting both ears.In some dogs it is congenital,i.e., present from birth; in others acquired.Severe canker will cause deafness, so will a blow over the ear.Morbid growths in the passage, and accumulation of waxy material, etc., will likewise produce "partial" or "complete" loss of hearing.Treatment must be directed to the removal—whenever possible—of the cause.MORBID GROWTHS IN THE EAR-PASSAGEOccasionally the middle ear is the seat of various morbid growths, either of a wart-like character, or as small-stalked tumours, causing complete or partial deafness, in accordance with the occluding area involved.Surgical treatment is necessary, excepting in the case of a single-stalked growth (polypus), around which a thin piece of twine or wire can be fixed. It will then slough off.Concretions.—These are chiefly accumulations of wax within the ear, and should be removed first by softening with a little warm almond oil and then syringing with weak spirit and tepid water.Syringing Ears.—Special glass, vulcanite and rubber syringes are sold for this purpose. Before injecting the fluid, warm it.The stream of liquid should be forced well into the ear.For cleansing the ears, add a dessertspoonful of spirit of wine to a teacupful of rose-water, warmed before use.This liquid can be syringed into the depths of the passage once a day.The dog should have a tape muzzle put on, and then held by an assistant.
Dropsy of the Ear-flap—Otitis or Inflammation of the Ear—Otorrhœa or Canker—Split Margin—Eczema of Ears—Deafness—Morbid Growths in Passage—Concretions—Syringing Ears.
DROPSY OF THE EAR-FLAP
Long-eared dogs—more especially Spaniels and Retrievers—are very liable to suffer from this complaint. In some instances the causes are, probably, of a constitutional nature, but as a rule it is the result of a bruise.
The bruise gives rise to the production of an inflammatory effusion between the skin and cartilage of the external ear, causing a baggy-like swelling, compressible with the finger, and alterable in shape when the external ear is manipulated.
The old, and by far the most satisfactory way of dealing with this serous (watery) abscess is to make a free cut into it. Introduce the finger into the wound and break down adhesions; then wash outwith a little iodine and water. Keep wound open for a few days. This will always effect a cure.
OTITIS OR INFLAMMATION OF EAR
The passage of the ear is reddened and causes the dog to rub his sore ear, or even cry from the pain. Very frequently this condition is accompanied by a fetid discharge; if so, it is spoken of as internal canker of ear. A little cooling lotion, such as a couple of teaspoonfuls of Goulard, in eight ounces of water, applied night and morning, will usually suffice to cure this complaint. At same time give a dose of purgative medicine.
OTORRHŒA OR CANKER OF EAR
This is an exceedingly common disease of dogs, and when it has been allowed to run on unchecked becomes very intractable.
When the internal ear is in a diseased condition,i.e., disease of the bones, etc., the malady is incurable.
In the majority of instances the middle ear alone is the seat of inflammatory action and suppuration, and usually curable.
One form of ear canker is produced by parasites (Symbiotes auricularis canis) invading the passage.
The ordinary form of canker is the result of some slight abrasion of the middle ear, and subsequent infection of the wound by germs.
The secretion of the ear and constitutional predisposition towards eczema have no doubt an influence in determining the onset of canker, of a non-parasitic nature.
The entrance of water and other foreign materials is thought to be equally productive of this disease, but, as already stated, in all probability it is necessary to have some slight excoriation of the lining membrane.
Turning the head to one side—when one ear is affected, though frequently both are diseased—pain when the ear is manipulated, revealing, on close inspection of the passage, increased redness, with a sooty-like deposit (dry form), or moisture (moist form), passing into various stages of suppuration, are the usual signs of this disease.
Frequently the pus is mingled with blood, the latter either coming from the tender abraded lining of the middle ear, or, may be, from disease of the bones.
Careful inspection will generally settle the matter. The duration of the malady is of importance when forming an opinion.
In bad cases the discharge drops from the ears, emitting a most offensive odour.
Treatment.—Cleanse ears thoroughly with warm water and a little spirit of wine.
Syringe out daily.
Pour in some of the following lotion night and morning.
Mix. Warm before use.
Milder cases can be cured by dusting boracic acid powder into ear night and morning, and for parasitic canker, use in the same way a little white precipitate (ammoniated chloride of mercury).
Give a dose of purgative medicine, such as Epsom salts, and then follow up with a course of alterative medicine. (SeeRecipes).
SPLIT MARGIN
Injuries of the flap of the ear are often very troublesome to treat successfully. On this account such sores are spoken of asexternal canker, in contradistinction to the disease previously discussed.
When the ear has been torn, it is necessary to have professional aid to make a satisfactory job of it.
An effort must be made to get the edges of the torn surfaces to heal by what is called first intention.
ECZEMA OF THE EARS
The margins of the flaps of the ears are commonly the seat of a dry eczematous eruption. They become scaly, thickened, and hairless.
Many dogs have their ears in this condition foryears; nevertheless, it is very unsightly, and the longer it exists the more the trouble of eradicating it.
Apply with friction an ointment, composed as follows, night and morning.
Mix and rub well in all around the margins, for twenty minutes each time.
In addition to this, give a 5-grain blue pill, feed on meat and bread, giving less dog-biscuit, if this has been the principal food. A course of alterative medicine will be required.
DEAFNESS
Deafness may be "complete" or only "partial," and confined to one, or affecting both ears.
In some dogs it is congenital,i.e., present from birth; in others acquired.
Severe canker will cause deafness, so will a blow over the ear.
Morbid growths in the passage, and accumulation of waxy material, etc., will likewise produce "partial" or "complete" loss of hearing.
Treatment must be directed to the removal—whenever possible—of the cause.
MORBID GROWTHS IN THE EAR-PASSAGE
Occasionally the middle ear is the seat of various morbid growths, either of a wart-like character, or as small-stalked tumours, causing complete or partial deafness, in accordance with the occluding area involved.
Surgical treatment is necessary, excepting in the case of a single-stalked growth (polypus), around which a thin piece of twine or wire can be fixed. It will then slough off.
Concretions.—These are chiefly accumulations of wax within the ear, and should be removed first by softening with a little warm almond oil and then syringing with weak spirit and tepid water.
Syringing Ears.—Special glass, vulcanite and rubber syringes are sold for this purpose. Before injecting the fluid, warm it.
The stream of liquid should be forced well into the ear.
For cleansing the ears, add a dessertspoonful of spirit of wine to a teacupful of rose-water, warmed before use.
This liquid can be syringed into the depths of the passage once a day.
The dog should have a tape muzzle put on, and then held by an assistant.
CHAPTER XXIVDiseases of the EyeOphthalmia—Blindness—Inverted Eyelids—Everted Eyelids—Torn Eyelids—Bareness around MarginsOPHTHALMIAInflammation of one or both eyes is of fairly frequent occurrence amongst dogs, more especially when a dog has distemper; in fact, the eyes nearly always participate in this malady. Injuries, such as those produced by passing through thickets, etc., are also causes of this condition: likewise chemical, and other mechanical agencies.The conjunctiva, or membrane lining the eyelids becomes an intense red: the eyes are intolerant to light, and tears flow freely over the face: the eyelids adherent, more especially after sleep, with a purulent discharge issuing therefrom.Prolonged inflammation is liable to end in the production of opacity of the cornea, the surface of this membrane becoming a bluish white.In distemper, ulceration of it is not uncommon. When Hounds are kept in damp kennels, where the sanitary arrangements are bad, very severe forms of distemper ophthalmia are frequent. The remark applies also to other dogs so situated.Treatment.—This must be of both a "local" and general kind.Sponge eyes several times daily with a weak boracic acid lotion (30 grains to 6 ounces of water), using a sponge or piece of linen previously dipped in boiling water. Good results sometimes follow fomenting with luke-warm tea, its simplicity being a recommendation. When the cornea is ulcerated, use a solution of nitrate of silver (4 grains to the ounce of distilled water) as drops, night and morning. Keep the dog's head steady, part the lids, and then apply.These drops will be equally useful for "cloudy cornea."Rest the eyes by keeping dog in a dark place. Around the margins a little of Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment will be of as much service as aught else that can be recommended, and can be procured at any drug stores.BLINDNESSA predisposing factor in the production of blindness is that of old age, many aged dogs having whatis known as senile cataracts. Injuries of any kind to the eye are liable to end in either partial, or complete, blindness.In cataract, it is the lens, its covering, or both, that are the seats of disease.In the so-called glass eye (Amaurosis), the appearance of the eye is that of a normal one, the optic nerve being in a paralytic state.Opacity of the cornea does, in accordance with the degree and situation of such deposit, produce corresponding deficiency of sight.INVERTED EYELIDSIn this diseased condition it is generally the upper eyelid that is turned inwards. If the eyelashes grow inwards, it is calledTrichiasis. In both conditions it follows that the lashes must be in contact with the globe of the eye.If only a few lashes are growing inwards, they should be pulled out, but, if numerous, this is not a good plan. To cure it, a surgical operation is necessary.EVERTED EYELIDSLike inverted or turned-in eyelid, everted, or turned-out eyelid is not a diseased condition, but the outcome of disease, probably of a weak orbicular muscle.It is the lower eye that is usually affected, and is curable by operation only.TORN EYELIDSInjuries to the eyelids, unless properly treated, are liable to result in permanent unsightliness, or, it may be, affect the sight.Either of the conditions last alluded to can be produced through injury to the eyelids externally, or internally.Unless very slightly torn, it will be better to consult a M.R.C.V.S.FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYESMinute particles of foreign substances, such as thorns, the outer covering of various seeds, etc., are liable to gain admission into the eyes.If the glume of an oat seed, etc., lodges on the cornea, it may remain adherent, setting up inflammation of it. Blindness is a common result.When the cornea is punctured, it is advisable to have professional advice.After the removal of a foreign body—best done by turning the upper lid outwards and upwards with the fingers—insert a drop or two of castor oil daily for a few days, or as long as seems necessary. Severe injuries to the eyeball are liable to be followed by sympathetic inflammation in the sound eye.BARENESS ROUND MARGINS OF EYESIt commonly happens that around the margins, through several causes, the hairy part becomes destitute of hair, giving the dog a very unsightly appearance.In most instances the disease is of an eczematous nature, requiring constitutional treatment for its removal. (SeeEczema.)As an erythema it is seen in distemper, arising through the acrid discharge from the eyes scalding the surrounding areas.Smear the part with a little Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment, or with a little vaseline, cold cream, or boracic acid ointment.
Ophthalmia—Blindness—Inverted Eyelids—Everted Eyelids—Torn Eyelids—Bareness around Margins
OPHTHALMIA
Inflammation of one or both eyes is of fairly frequent occurrence amongst dogs, more especially when a dog has distemper; in fact, the eyes nearly always participate in this malady. Injuries, such as those produced by passing through thickets, etc., are also causes of this condition: likewise chemical, and other mechanical agencies.
The conjunctiva, or membrane lining the eyelids becomes an intense red: the eyes are intolerant to light, and tears flow freely over the face: the eyelids adherent, more especially after sleep, with a purulent discharge issuing therefrom.
Prolonged inflammation is liable to end in the production of opacity of the cornea, the surface of this membrane becoming a bluish white.
In distemper, ulceration of it is not uncommon. When Hounds are kept in damp kennels, where the sanitary arrangements are bad, very severe forms of distemper ophthalmia are frequent. The remark applies also to other dogs so situated.
Treatment.—This must be of both a "local" and general kind.
Sponge eyes several times daily with a weak boracic acid lotion (30 grains to 6 ounces of water), using a sponge or piece of linen previously dipped in boiling water. Good results sometimes follow fomenting with luke-warm tea, its simplicity being a recommendation. When the cornea is ulcerated, use a solution of nitrate of silver (4 grains to the ounce of distilled water) as drops, night and morning. Keep the dog's head steady, part the lids, and then apply.
These drops will be equally useful for "cloudy cornea."
Rest the eyes by keeping dog in a dark place. Around the margins a little of Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment will be of as much service as aught else that can be recommended, and can be procured at any drug stores.
BLINDNESS
A predisposing factor in the production of blindness is that of old age, many aged dogs having whatis known as senile cataracts. Injuries of any kind to the eye are liable to end in either partial, or complete, blindness.
In cataract, it is the lens, its covering, or both, that are the seats of disease.
In the so-called glass eye (Amaurosis), the appearance of the eye is that of a normal one, the optic nerve being in a paralytic state.
Opacity of the cornea does, in accordance with the degree and situation of such deposit, produce corresponding deficiency of sight.
INVERTED EYELIDS
In this diseased condition it is generally the upper eyelid that is turned inwards. If the eyelashes grow inwards, it is calledTrichiasis. In both conditions it follows that the lashes must be in contact with the globe of the eye.
If only a few lashes are growing inwards, they should be pulled out, but, if numerous, this is not a good plan. To cure it, a surgical operation is necessary.
EVERTED EYELIDS
Like inverted or turned-in eyelid, everted, or turned-out eyelid is not a diseased condition, but the outcome of disease, probably of a weak orbicular muscle.
It is the lower eye that is usually affected, and is curable by operation only.
TORN EYELIDS
Injuries to the eyelids, unless properly treated, are liable to result in permanent unsightliness, or, it may be, affect the sight.
Either of the conditions last alluded to can be produced through injury to the eyelids externally, or internally.
Unless very slightly torn, it will be better to consult a M.R.C.V.S.
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYES
Minute particles of foreign substances, such as thorns, the outer covering of various seeds, etc., are liable to gain admission into the eyes.
If the glume of an oat seed, etc., lodges on the cornea, it may remain adherent, setting up inflammation of it. Blindness is a common result.
When the cornea is punctured, it is advisable to have professional advice.
After the removal of a foreign body—best done by turning the upper lid outwards and upwards with the fingers—insert a drop or two of castor oil daily for a few days, or as long as seems necessary. Severe injuries to the eyeball are liable to be followed by sympathetic inflammation in the sound eye.
BARENESS ROUND MARGINS OF EYES
It commonly happens that around the margins, through several causes, the hairy part becomes destitute of hair, giving the dog a very unsightly appearance.
In most instances the disease is of an eczematous nature, requiring constitutional treatment for its removal. (SeeEczema.)
As an erythema it is seen in distemper, arising through the acrid discharge from the eyes scalding the surrounding areas.
Smear the part with a little Singleton's Golden Eye Ointment, or with a little vaseline, cold cream, or boracic acid ointment.
CHAPTER XXVInjuries and Minor OperationsWounds—Overgrown Claws—FracturesWOUNDSLacerated and punctured wounds are very common, more especially amongst sporting dogs, and this chiefly owing to the thickets, etc., they have to face during work.Wounds and fractures are not uncommonly associated; if so, the injury is spoken of as compound. The gravity of a dual injury is much greater than where either exists as a single one.Gunshot wounds are not uncommon, and when examining such, a good deal of care is necessary. Sometimes the shots are simply lodged beneath the skin, and can be felt by rolling the skin beneath the fingers.In other instances the flesh is penetrated, and, it may be, the internal organs injured.Although shot may have penetrated the cavity of the chest, or the belly, it does not follow that the injury be of a vital nature; in fact, the author'sexperience of gunshot wounds in the dog has been as a rule favourable, most of the dogs showing but little after effects.If shot have passed deeply in, penetrating the chest, etc., no attempt should be made to interfere with the wounds.When shots are lodged in tendons, etc., about the knee, they should be removed forthwith.Lacerated or torn wounds will probably require sewing up; if so, they must first of all be thoroughly cleansed with some warm water, to which a little disinfectant has been added.Special care must be taken to remove all irritating particles, and the hair ought to be clipped closely off in juxtaposition to the injury.Severe bleeding must be arrested with cold water, or by touching the end of the bleeding vessel with the point of a hot iron, or through the application of a few drops of strong tincture of iron, tow, and a bandage.A stout needle and boiled string can be used to sew up the wound.A very common situation to find a clean-cut (incised) wound is upon the pads of the feet, caused by the dog stepping upon some sharp object, such as a bit of glass, flint, etc.Put the foot in hot water and cover it with a pad of tow or lint, soaked in a little carbolic oil or otherantiseptic liniment, bandage, and keep dog at rest for a few days.A little compound tincture of myrrh is an excellent remedy for painting superficial wounds, so is boracic acid as a dusting powder.Every kennelman should keep these handy in case of emergency, likewise tow, a bandage, and some antiseptic, such as carbolic acid, chinosol, etc.OVERGROWN CLAWSIt is very common to find the length of the claws so excessive that the resulting overgrowth penetrates the soft structures, causing the part to suppurate, and the dog lameness.Clip off the offending part with a sharp pair of nippers. As a rule, nothing further is required.FRACTURESThe long bones,i.e., the bones of the limbs, are those commonly broken, but short, flat and irregular bones are frequently injured.Broken back may happen when a dog is run over, but this is more liable to happen to a non-sporting dog, or rather to such as are kept in the neighbourhood of busy thoroughfares.A senseless puppy sometimes meets with an accident of this class.A dislocation is an injury whereby the bone is forced out of its place.The short bones of the feet are often broken, and their repair is usually an easy one, though, as in the case of the other fractures, complicated, if a wound be present.Fractures of the skull are not common injuries amongst dogs, and when they do occur, call for special skill in treatment.If the broken ends of a bone are not accurately adjusted, a deformed, or false, union results, more or less spoiling the utility of the animal.As a rule, considerable swelling comes on after fracture of the long bones, especially of the forearm, therefore an effort must be made to subdue this by bathing freely with warm water.Well-padded splints should be used—if applicable—and applied directly to the skin, being retained in position by a bandage.If the bandage is too tightly applied, the circulation to the part will be interfered with, probably destroying the vitality of it. Coldness and numbness are the chief signs of this.Leather, wood, gutta-percha, starch, egg and gum, etc., are all used as supports to a broken limb. A plaster bandage is very useful.In the case of a valuable dog, it is advisable to consult a qualified veterinary practitioner.Rest is of course an indispensable factor in the treatment of both fractures and dislocations.When a dislocation accompanies a fracture, or wound and fracture, at a joint, the animal should be destroyed, as the results of surgery under these conditions is not often satisfactory.
Wounds—Overgrown Claws—Fractures
WOUNDS
Lacerated and punctured wounds are very common, more especially amongst sporting dogs, and this chiefly owing to the thickets, etc., they have to face during work.
Wounds and fractures are not uncommonly associated; if so, the injury is spoken of as compound. The gravity of a dual injury is much greater than where either exists as a single one.
Gunshot wounds are not uncommon, and when examining such, a good deal of care is necessary. Sometimes the shots are simply lodged beneath the skin, and can be felt by rolling the skin beneath the fingers.
In other instances the flesh is penetrated, and, it may be, the internal organs injured.
Although shot may have penetrated the cavity of the chest, or the belly, it does not follow that the injury be of a vital nature; in fact, the author'sexperience of gunshot wounds in the dog has been as a rule favourable, most of the dogs showing but little after effects.
If shot have passed deeply in, penetrating the chest, etc., no attempt should be made to interfere with the wounds.
When shots are lodged in tendons, etc., about the knee, they should be removed forthwith.
Lacerated or torn wounds will probably require sewing up; if so, they must first of all be thoroughly cleansed with some warm water, to which a little disinfectant has been added.
Special care must be taken to remove all irritating particles, and the hair ought to be clipped closely off in juxtaposition to the injury.
Severe bleeding must be arrested with cold water, or by touching the end of the bleeding vessel with the point of a hot iron, or through the application of a few drops of strong tincture of iron, tow, and a bandage.
A stout needle and boiled string can be used to sew up the wound.
A very common situation to find a clean-cut (incised) wound is upon the pads of the feet, caused by the dog stepping upon some sharp object, such as a bit of glass, flint, etc.
Put the foot in hot water and cover it with a pad of tow or lint, soaked in a little carbolic oil or otherantiseptic liniment, bandage, and keep dog at rest for a few days.
A little compound tincture of myrrh is an excellent remedy for painting superficial wounds, so is boracic acid as a dusting powder.
Every kennelman should keep these handy in case of emergency, likewise tow, a bandage, and some antiseptic, such as carbolic acid, chinosol, etc.
OVERGROWN CLAWS
It is very common to find the length of the claws so excessive that the resulting overgrowth penetrates the soft structures, causing the part to suppurate, and the dog lameness.
Clip off the offending part with a sharp pair of nippers. As a rule, nothing further is required.
FRACTURES
The long bones,i.e., the bones of the limbs, are those commonly broken, but short, flat and irregular bones are frequently injured.
Broken back may happen when a dog is run over, but this is more liable to happen to a non-sporting dog, or rather to such as are kept in the neighbourhood of busy thoroughfares.
A senseless puppy sometimes meets with an accident of this class.
A dislocation is an injury whereby the bone is forced out of its place.
The short bones of the feet are often broken, and their repair is usually an easy one, though, as in the case of the other fractures, complicated, if a wound be present.
Fractures of the skull are not common injuries amongst dogs, and when they do occur, call for special skill in treatment.
If the broken ends of a bone are not accurately adjusted, a deformed, or false, union results, more or less spoiling the utility of the animal.
As a rule, considerable swelling comes on after fracture of the long bones, especially of the forearm, therefore an effort must be made to subdue this by bathing freely with warm water.
Well-padded splints should be used—if applicable—and applied directly to the skin, being retained in position by a bandage.
If the bandage is too tightly applied, the circulation to the part will be interfered with, probably destroying the vitality of it. Coldness and numbness are the chief signs of this.
Leather, wood, gutta-percha, starch, egg and gum, etc., are all used as supports to a broken limb. A plaster bandage is very useful.
In the case of a valuable dog, it is advisable to consult a qualified veterinary practitioner.
Rest is of course an indispensable factor in the treatment of both fractures and dislocations.
When a dislocation accompanies a fracture, or wound and fracture, at a joint, the animal should be destroyed, as the results of surgery under these conditions is not often satisfactory.
CHAPTER XXVIMinor OperationsDocking—Setoning—Enemas—Fomentations—Blistering—Tumours and WartsDOCKINGSuch varieties as Fox, Airedale, Irish Terriers, Spaniels, etc., require to have their tails shortened, and this should be done when the puppies are, say, a couple or three weeks old. An old, but rather revolting custom is that of biting off the requisite portion.A sharp pair of serrated scissors, or a chisel, will do the work satisfactorily, and nothing should be done to the cut end, beyond allowing the healing to follow its natural course.SETONINGSetons and rowels are not used in the present day so much as in times gone by, nevertheless, when employed with discretion, are of service.At one time setons were largely used for insertion into the poll when a dog had fits, especially during distemper. In the author's opinion they are injurious for this purpose, but as a counter-irritant in lung andbronchial complaints, good often results from their employment. Many local swellings can be dispersed through the insertion of either a set-on or a rowel. Tape, horse-hair, tow, or a circular piece of leather wrapped in tow, are the issues used. If a seton, the skin must be snipped at the inlet and outlet; the needle threaded and passed along under the skin (no deeper as a rule) to the point of exit, and the tape fastened off. It is usual to smear the tape with some stimulating substance, such as resin or turpentine ointment, in order to excite a speedy local inflammation. The tape must be moved (not removed) daily, kept clean, and smeared with the ointment twice weekly.CLYSTERS OR ENEMAS (LAVEMENTS)These may be either plain, medicated, or nutritive. For the two first-named purposes, either warm or cold water may be used, the amount varying with the effect it is desired to produce.To empty the lower end of the bowel, from half to three pints will be found sufficient for most sporting dogs.A little salt, soft soap, and glycerine, will increase the activity of the clyster.A chronic, torpid condition of the lower end of the bowel is best overcome by injecting about half a teacupful of cold water into it every morning, at thesame time allowing plenty of exercise and a soft diet, such as oatmeal, or wet bread and meat.In diarrhœa, dysentery, etc., good results are often obtained by giving a cold boiled-starch clyster. About four tablespoonfuls will be enough at a time. When it is desirable to administer nourishment by the rectum, it is necessary to wash out the lower end of the bowel with a warm-water clyster, before injecting the nutritive medium.The yolk of an egg, a dessertspoonful of brandy, and a teaspoonful of sulphuric ether makes a useful, sustaining enema.Another good injection is a couple of teaspoonfuls of salt, dissolved in half a pint of tepid water, then injected.Loss of blood, etc., can often be made up by the use of this saline injection.FOMENTATIONSFor many purposes fomentations are superior to poultices, the chief difficulty being in keeping up the heat to the desirable standard.A pad of thick flannel should be planned, and this soaked in boiling water, then wrung dry in a roller.To assist in maintaining the heat, a piece of mackintosh sheeting ought to be put over the pad, and a dry flannel above all.For difficult breathing, pain in the belly, or local pain, etc., moist warmth is exceedingly beneficial, and quite harmless under any circumstances.In animals, it is a general custom to bathe the seat of disease with the hot water.Perseverance is essential to success, and more harm results from hot fomentations applied in a half-hearted manner than where they are not used at all.BLISTERINGBeyond the application of mustard, turpentine, or hot water, blistering agents are not much employed in the treatment of canine ailments.As a remedy for external use in diseases of the bronchial tubes and lungs, mustard has not, in the author's opinion, any superior.It can be used either as a paste applied directly to the skin, or in combination with boiled linseed poultices.In long-haired dogs it is advisable to clip off some of the hair, so as to facilitate the full counter-irritant properties of the mustard.It requires very little rubbing in, and it is not advisable to repeat the application, unless specially called for.TUMOURS AND WARTSA multiplicity of morbid growths are liable tooccur in dogs, some of these growths being of a very simple nature, others of a malignant or recurrent order.By far the commonest are warty growths upon lips, tongue, and generative organ.It is remarkable, but these often disappear spontaneously.Solitary warts, if sufficiently large, can be removed by tying a piece of strong whip-cord around the root of the growth. This remark is equally applicable to other small tumours.Dressing with some caustic agent such as lunar caustic, strong acetic acid, blue-stone, etc., may be effected in some cases, and others (when on tongue), dusted with dry calcined magnesia.Tumours about the belly, etc., demand professional skill.Polypi, or stalked tumours, are commonly found growing from the mucous membrane of the ears, nose, and female generative passage.They can be removed by ligature.
Docking—Setoning—Enemas—Fomentations—Blistering—Tumours and Warts
DOCKING
Such varieties as Fox, Airedale, Irish Terriers, Spaniels, etc., require to have their tails shortened, and this should be done when the puppies are, say, a couple or three weeks old. An old, but rather revolting custom is that of biting off the requisite portion.
A sharp pair of serrated scissors, or a chisel, will do the work satisfactorily, and nothing should be done to the cut end, beyond allowing the healing to follow its natural course.
SETONING
Setons and rowels are not used in the present day so much as in times gone by, nevertheless, when employed with discretion, are of service.
At one time setons were largely used for insertion into the poll when a dog had fits, especially during distemper. In the author's opinion they are injurious for this purpose, but as a counter-irritant in lung andbronchial complaints, good often results from their employment. Many local swellings can be dispersed through the insertion of either a set-on or a rowel. Tape, horse-hair, tow, or a circular piece of leather wrapped in tow, are the issues used. If a seton, the skin must be snipped at the inlet and outlet; the needle threaded and passed along under the skin (no deeper as a rule) to the point of exit, and the tape fastened off. It is usual to smear the tape with some stimulating substance, such as resin or turpentine ointment, in order to excite a speedy local inflammation. The tape must be moved (not removed) daily, kept clean, and smeared with the ointment twice weekly.
CLYSTERS OR ENEMAS (LAVEMENTS)
These may be either plain, medicated, or nutritive. For the two first-named purposes, either warm or cold water may be used, the amount varying with the effect it is desired to produce.
To empty the lower end of the bowel, from half to three pints will be found sufficient for most sporting dogs.
A little salt, soft soap, and glycerine, will increase the activity of the clyster.
A chronic, torpid condition of the lower end of the bowel is best overcome by injecting about half a teacupful of cold water into it every morning, at thesame time allowing plenty of exercise and a soft diet, such as oatmeal, or wet bread and meat.
In diarrhœa, dysentery, etc., good results are often obtained by giving a cold boiled-starch clyster. About four tablespoonfuls will be enough at a time. When it is desirable to administer nourishment by the rectum, it is necessary to wash out the lower end of the bowel with a warm-water clyster, before injecting the nutritive medium.
The yolk of an egg, a dessertspoonful of brandy, and a teaspoonful of sulphuric ether makes a useful, sustaining enema.
Another good injection is a couple of teaspoonfuls of salt, dissolved in half a pint of tepid water, then injected.
Loss of blood, etc., can often be made up by the use of this saline injection.
FOMENTATIONS
For many purposes fomentations are superior to poultices, the chief difficulty being in keeping up the heat to the desirable standard.
A pad of thick flannel should be planned, and this soaked in boiling water, then wrung dry in a roller.
To assist in maintaining the heat, a piece of mackintosh sheeting ought to be put over the pad, and a dry flannel above all.
For difficult breathing, pain in the belly, or local pain, etc., moist warmth is exceedingly beneficial, and quite harmless under any circumstances.
In animals, it is a general custom to bathe the seat of disease with the hot water.
Perseverance is essential to success, and more harm results from hot fomentations applied in a half-hearted manner than where they are not used at all.
BLISTERING
Beyond the application of mustard, turpentine, or hot water, blistering agents are not much employed in the treatment of canine ailments.
As a remedy for external use in diseases of the bronchial tubes and lungs, mustard has not, in the author's opinion, any superior.
It can be used either as a paste applied directly to the skin, or in combination with boiled linseed poultices.
In long-haired dogs it is advisable to clip off some of the hair, so as to facilitate the full counter-irritant properties of the mustard.
It requires very little rubbing in, and it is not advisable to repeat the application, unless specially called for.
TUMOURS AND WARTS
A multiplicity of morbid growths are liable tooccur in dogs, some of these growths being of a very simple nature, others of a malignant or recurrent order.
By far the commonest are warty growths upon lips, tongue, and generative organ.
It is remarkable, but these often disappear spontaneously.
Solitary warts, if sufficiently large, can be removed by tying a piece of strong whip-cord around the root of the growth. This remark is equally applicable to other small tumours.
Dressing with some caustic agent such as lunar caustic, strong acetic acid, blue-stone, etc., may be effected in some cases, and others (when on tongue), dusted with dry calcined magnesia.
Tumours about the belly, etc., demand professional skill.
Polypi, or stalked tumours, are commonly found growing from the mucous membrane of the ears, nose, and female generative passage.
They can be removed by ligature.
APPENDIXWhite West Highland TerrierSTANDARD OF POINTS AS AGREED UPON AT THE MEETING OF THE CLUB REPORTED UNDER "CLUB NOTICES."1. The General Appearance of the White West Highland Terrier is that of a small, game, hardy-looking Terrier, possessed with no small amount of self-esteem, with a varminty appearance, strongly built, deep in chest and back ribs, straight back and powerful quarters, on muscular legs, and exhibiting in a marked degree a great combination of strength and activity. The Coat should be about 2-1/2 in. long, white in colour, hard, with plenty of soft under coat, and no tendency to wave or curl. The Tail should be as straight as possible, and carried gaily, and covered with hard hair, but not bushy. The Skull should not be too narrow, being in proportion to the terribly powerful jaw, but must be narrow between the ears. The Ears should be as small and sharp-pointed as possible, and carried tightly up, but must be either erect or semi-erect, and both ears must be exactly alike. The Eyes of moderate size, dark hazel in colour, widely placed, rather sunk or deep-set, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The Muzzle should be proportionately long and powerful, gradually tapering towards the nose. The Nose, Roof of Mouth, and Pads of Feet distinctly black in colour.2.Colour.—White.3.Coat.—Very important and seldom seen to perfection:must be double-coated. The outer coat consists of hard hair, about 2-1/2 ins. long, and free from any curl. The under coat, which resembles fur, is short, soft, and close. Open coats are objectionable.4.Size.—Dogs to weigh from 14 lbs. to 18 lbs., and bitches from 12 lbs. to 16 lbs., and measure from 8 ins. to 12 ins. at the shoulder.5.Skull.—Should not be too narrow, being in proportion to his powerful jaw, proportionally long, slightly domed, and gradually tapering to the eyes, between which there should be a slight indentation or stop. Eyebrows heavy. The hair on the skull to be from ¾ in. to 1 in. long, fairly hard.6.Eyes.—Widely set apart, medium size, dark hazel in colour, slightly sunk in the head, sharp and intelligent, which, looking from under the heavy eyebrows, give a piercing look. Full eyes and also light-coloured eyes are very objectionable.7.Muzzle.—Should be powerful. The jaws level and powerful, and teeth square or evenly met, well set, and large for the size of the dog.8.Ears.—Small, carried erect or semi-erect, but never drop, and should be carried tightly up. The semi-erect ear should drop nicely over at the tips, the break being about three-quarters up the ear, and both forms of ears should terminate in a sharp point. The hair on them should be short, smooth (velvety), and they should not be cut. The ears should be free from any fringe at the top. Round-pointed, broad, and large ears are objectionable, also ears too heavily covered with hair.9.Neck.—Muscular, and nicely set on sloping shoulders.10.Chest.—Very deep, with breadth in comparison to the size of the dog.11.Body.—Compact, straight back, ribs deep and well arched in the upper half of rib, presenting a flattish side appearance. Loins broad and strong. Hind-quarters strong, muscular, and wide across the top.12.Legs and Feet.—Both fore-and hind-legs should be short and muscular. The shoulder-blades should be comparatively broad, and well sloped backwards. The points of the shoulder-blades should be closely knit into the backbone, so that very little movement of them should be noticeable when the dog is walking. The elbow should be close in to the body, both when moving or standing, thus causing the fore-leg to be well placed in under the shoulder. The fore-legs should be straight and thickly covered with short, hard hair. The hind-legs should be short and sinewy. The thighs very muscular, and not too wide apart. The hocks bent and well set in under the body, so as to be fairly close to each other, either when standing, walking, or running (trotting), and, when standing, the hind-legs, from the point of the hock down to the fetlock joint, should be straight or perpendicular, and not far apart. The fore feet are larger than the hind ones, are round, proportionate in size, strong, thickly padded, and covered with short, hard hair. The foot must point straight forward. The hind feet are smaller, not quite as round as fore feet, and thickly padded. The under surface of the pads of feet, and all the nails, should be distinctly black in colour. Hocks too much bent (cow hocks) detracts from the general appearance. Straight hocks are weak: both kinds are undesirable, and should be guarded against.13.Tail.—6 ins. or 7 ins. long, covered with hard hair (no feather), as straight as possible, carried gaily, but not curled over back. A long tail is objectionable.14.Movement.—Should be free, straight, and easy allround. In front, the leg should be freely extended forward by the shoulder. The hind movement should be free, strong, and close. The hocks should be freely flexed and drawn close in under the body, so that, when moving off the foot, the body is thrown or pushed forward with some force. Stiff, stilty movement behind is very objectionable.Faults.1.Coat.—Any silkiness, wave, or tendency to curl is a serious blemish, as is also an open coat.2.Size.—Any specimens under the minimum weight, or above the maximum weight, are objectionable.3.Eyes.—Full or light-coloured.4.Ears.—Round-pointed, drop, broad, and large ears, also ears too heavily covered with hair.5.Muzzle.—Either under, or overshot and defective teeth.Scale of Points.General Appearance5Colour5Coat10Size7½Skull7½Eyes5Muzzle5Ears5Neck10Chest10Body10Legs and Feet7½Tail5Movement7½————Total100
STANDARD OF POINTS AS AGREED UPON AT THE MEETING OF THE CLUB REPORTED UNDER "CLUB NOTICES."
1. The General Appearance of the White West Highland Terrier is that of a small, game, hardy-looking Terrier, possessed with no small amount of self-esteem, with a varminty appearance, strongly built, deep in chest and back ribs, straight back and powerful quarters, on muscular legs, and exhibiting in a marked degree a great combination of strength and activity. The Coat should be about 2-1/2 in. long, white in colour, hard, with plenty of soft under coat, and no tendency to wave or curl. The Tail should be as straight as possible, and carried gaily, and covered with hard hair, but not bushy. The Skull should not be too narrow, being in proportion to the terribly powerful jaw, but must be narrow between the ears. The Ears should be as small and sharp-pointed as possible, and carried tightly up, but must be either erect or semi-erect, and both ears must be exactly alike. The Eyes of moderate size, dark hazel in colour, widely placed, rather sunk or deep-set, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The Muzzle should be proportionately long and powerful, gradually tapering towards the nose. The Nose, Roof of Mouth, and Pads of Feet distinctly black in colour.
2.Colour.—White.
3.Coat.—Very important and seldom seen to perfection:must be double-coated. The outer coat consists of hard hair, about 2-1/2 ins. long, and free from any curl. The under coat, which resembles fur, is short, soft, and close. Open coats are objectionable.
4.Size.—Dogs to weigh from 14 lbs. to 18 lbs., and bitches from 12 lbs. to 16 lbs., and measure from 8 ins. to 12 ins. at the shoulder.
5.Skull.—Should not be too narrow, being in proportion to his powerful jaw, proportionally long, slightly domed, and gradually tapering to the eyes, between which there should be a slight indentation or stop. Eyebrows heavy. The hair on the skull to be from ¾ in. to 1 in. long, fairly hard.
6.Eyes.—Widely set apart, medium size, dark hazel in colour, slightly sunk in the head, sharp and intelligent, which, looking from under the heavy eyebrows, give a piercing look. Full eyes and also light-coloured eyes are very objectionable.
7.Muzzle.—Should be powerful. The jaws level and powerful, and teeth square or evenly met, well set, and large for the size of the dog.
8.Ears.—Small, carried erect or semi-erect, but never drop, and should be carried tightly up. The semi-erect ear should drop nicely over at the tips, the break being about three-quarters up the ear, and both forms of ears should terminate in a sharp point. The hair on them should be short, smooth (velvety), and they should not be cut. The ears should be free from any fringe at the top. Round-pointed, broad, and large ears are objectionable, also ears too heavily covered with hair.
9.Neck.—Muscular, and nicely set on sloping shoulders.
10.Chest.—Very deep, with breadth in comparison to the size of the dog.
11.Body.—Compact, straight back, ribs deep and well arched in the upper half of rib, presenting a flattish side appearance. Loins broad and strong. Hind-quarters strong, muscular, and wide across the top.
12.Legs and Feet.—Both fore-and hind-legs should be short and muscular. The shoulder-blades should be comparatively broad, and well sloped backwards. The points of the shoulder-blades should be closely knit into the backbone, so that very little movement of them should be noticeable when the dog is walking. The elbow should be close in to the body, both when moving or standing, thus causing the fore-leg to be well placed in under the shoulder. The fore-legs should be straight and thickly covered with short, hard hair. The hind-legs should be short and sinewy. The thighs very muscular, and not too wide apart. The hocks bent and well set in under the body, so as to be fairly close to each other, either when standing, walking, or running (trotting), and, when standing, the hind-legs, from the point of the hock down to the fetlock joint, should be straight or perpendicular, and not far apart. The fore feet are larger than the hind ones, are round, proportionate in size, strong, thickly padded, and covered with short, hard hair. The foot must point straight forward. The hind feet are smaller, not quite as round as fore feet, and thickly padded. The under surface of the pads of feet, and all the nails, should be distinctly black in colour. Hocks too much bent (cow hocks) detracts from the general appearance. Straight hocks are weak: both kinds are undesirable, and should be guarded against.
13.Tail.—6 ins. or 7 ins. long, covered with hard hair (no feather), as straight as possible, carried gaily, but not curled over back. A long tail is objectionable.
14.Movement.—Should be free, straight, and easy allround. In front, the leg should be freely extended forward by the shoulder. The hind movement should be free, strong, and close. The hocks should be freely flexed and drawn close in under the body, so that, when moving off the foot, the body is thrown or pushed forward with some force. Stiff, stilty movement behind is very objectionable.
Faults.
1.Coat.—Any silkiness, wave, or tendency to curl is a serious blemish, as is also an open coat.
2.Size.—Any specimens under the minimum weight, or above the maximum weight, are objectionable.
3.Eyes.—Full or light-coloured.
4.Ears.—Round-pointed, drop, broad, and large ears, also ears too heavily covered with hair.
5.Muzzle.—Either under, or overshot and defective teeth.
Scale of Points.
INDEXAAfghan Greyhound,333—— neck,334—— colour,334—— height at shoulders,334Airedale Terrier,293—— Standard of Points,298—— Club,298Antimony poisoning,414Appendix,443Arsenic,413Association of Bloodhound Breeders,146BBareness round margin of eyes,432Basset-hounds,206—— colour,208—— coat,208—— head,208—— fore-quarters,225—— chest,225—— Club,226—— Club rules,226—— (Smooth), points,233—— (Rough) points,235Beagle,181—— Club (English), description of points,187—— (American), points, etc.,190Bedlington Terrier,274—— height,277—— weight,277—— colour,277—— nose,277—— coat,277—— skull,277—— body,277—— tail,277—— limbs,278—— quarters,278—— Club,278Black-and-tan Setter (Gordon Setter),29Blindness,429Blistering,441Bloodhounds,141—— head,142—— legs and feet,145—— chest and shoulders,145—— neck, ribs, back and loins,145—— hind-quarters and limbs,146—— tail, coat and colour,146—— height,146—— Club,146Blood poisoning,381Boils,387Borzois or Russian Wolfhound,179—— chest, neck,180—— fore-limbs,180—— colour,180—— coat, height,181—— faults,181—— Club,181CCanker of ear,423Clumber Spaniel,71Clysters or Enemas,439Cocker Spaniel,84—— head, ears,87—— coat, colour,87—— Club,88—— prices,88—— faults,88Conditioning Dogs,366Constitutional Rules of the Retriever Society,59DDachshund,194—— head,194—— chest, shoulders,205—— hind-quarters,205Dandie-Dinmont Terrier,310—— head,313—— neck, tail,314—— fore and hind-limbs,314—— colour,314—— Society,315—— Standard of Points,315Deafness,426Deerhound,128—— head, ears,129—— neck, shoulders, stern,130—— legs, feet,135—— faults,135—— colour,136—— coat,136—— height and weight,137Diarrhœa,403Docking,438Dropsy of the ear-flaps,422Dysentery,405Dyspepsia,408EEczema,384English Setter,18—— points, etc.,23—— faults,24English Water Spaniel,92Everted eyelids,430FFeeding Sporting Dogs,363Field Spaniels,82Fleas,389Follicular Mange,393Fomentations,440Foreign bodies in the eyes,431Foxhound, the,113Foxhound, Stud Book,114Fox Terriers,239—— Club,247—— Standard of Points,247—— (Rough),265—— points of,265—— Disqualifying Points,266Fractures,435GGamekeepers' Kennel Association,351—— Rules,352Greyhounds,157—— head, eyes,158—— ears, neck,158—— fore and hind-quarters,158—— coat and colour, etc.,167Gullet, disease of,394HHæmorrhage,406Hæmorrhoids,407Harriers,122—— loins, back, ribs,125—— chest, fore-limbs,125—— coat,125Herpes,387IInflammation of stomach,395—— of bowels,396—— of bladder,420—— of ear,423International Gundog League,32Inverted eyelids,430Irish Setter,25—— coat, etc.,26Irish Terrier,287—— coat, colour, etc.,288—— weight,293—— Club,293—— prices,293Irish Water Spaniel,88—— colour, coat, height,91—— general appearance,91—— faults,92—— Club,92Irish Wolfhound,155—— points, etc.,156JJaundice,410KKidneys, disease of,418LLabradors,56Lead poisoning,417Lurcher,337MMange, Follicular,393Mange, Sarcoptic,391Mercury,417Morbid growths in the ear passage,427NNettle-rash,388Night-dogs, the Training, Use, and Abuse of,337OOphthalmia,428Otterhound,126—— colour,126—— skull, neck,127—— height,127Overgrown claws,435PPediculi or lice,390Phosphorus poisoning,416Pointer and Setter Society,32Pointer, the,3Poisons,413Ptomaine poisoning,418RRabies,379Retrievers,41—— head,47—— ears, back limbs,48Retrievers (Flat-coated),41—— (Curly-coated),55Rheumatism,382Ringworm,391Rules adopted at the Retriever Society,63Ruptures,411SSarcoptic Mange,389Scottish Terrier,278—— coat, weight, colour,283—— neck, chest, etc.,284—— head, muzzle,284—— height,287—— Clubs,287Setoning,438Skye Terrier,269—— head,273—— weight,273—— faults,273—— Club,273—— prices,273Spaniels,66—— colour of,68—— Sussex,76Specific ailments,369Split margin,425Stone in the bladder,419Stricture,421Strychnine poisoning,415TTorn eyelids,431Training Spaniels,102Tumours and warts,441Twist of the bowels,395VVomiting,398WWelsh Terrier,308—— head, neck,308—— arms, and forearms ,309—— back, loins, tail, and feet,309—— Club,309Whippet,167—— coat,168—— constitution,168—— fore-limbs,168—— hind-quarters,171—— tail and feet,171—— General appearances,171White West Highland Terrier,305,307(see Appendix, p.443)Worms,399Wounds,433THE ENDColston & Coy. Limited, Printers, Edinburgh
A
Afghan Greyhound,333
—— neck,334
—— colour,334
—— height at shoulders,334
Airedale Terrier,293
—— Standard of Points,298
—— Club,298
Antimony poisoning,414
Appendix,443
Arsenic,413
Association of Bloodhound Breeders,146
B
Bareness round margin of eyes,432
Basset-hounds,206
—— colour,208
—— coat,208
—— head,208
—— fore-quarters,225
—— chest,225
—— Club,226
—— Club rules,226
—— (Smooth), points,233
—— (Rough) points,235
Beagle,181
—— Club (English), description of points,187
—— (American), points, etc.,190
Bedlington Terrier,274
—— height,277
—— weight,277
—— colour,277
—— nose,277
—— coat,277
—— skull,277
—— body,277
—— tail,277
—— limbs,278
—— quarters,278
—— Club,278
Black-and-tan Setter (Gordon Setter),29
Blindness,429
Blistering,441
Bloodhounds,141
—— head,142
—— legs and feet,145
—— chest and shoulders,145
—— neck, ribs, back and loins,145
—— hind-quarters and limbs,146
—— tail, coat and colour,146
—— height,146
—— Club,146
Blood poisoning,381
Boils,387
Borzois or Russian Wolfhound,179
—— chest, neck,180
—— fore-limbs,180
—— colour,180
—— coat, height,181
—— faults,181
—— Club,181
C
Canker of ear,423
Clumber Spaniel,71
Clysters or Enemas,439
Cocker Spaniel,84
—— head, ears,87
—— coat, colour,87
—— Club,88
—— prices,88
—— faults,88
Conditioning Dogs,366
Constitutional Rules of the Retriever Society,59
D
Dachshund,194
—— head,194
—— chest, shoulders,205
—— hind-quarters,205
Dandie-Dinmont Terrier,310
—— head,313
—— neck, tail,314
—— fore and hind-limbs,314
—— colour,314
—— Society,315
—— Standard of Points,315
Deafness,426
Deerhound,128
—— head, ears,129
—— neck, shoulders, stern,130
—— legs, feet,135
—— faults,135
—— colour,136
—— coat,136
—— height and weight,137
Diarrhœa,403
Docking,438
Dropsy of the ear-flaps,422
Dysentery,405
Dyspepsia,408
E
Eczema,384
English Setter,18
—— points, etc.,23
—— faults,24
English Water Spaniel,92
Everted eyelids,430
F
Feeding Sporting Dogs,363
Field Spaniels,82
Fleas,389
Follicular Mange,393
Fomentations,440
Foreign bodies in the eyes,431
Foxhound, the,113
Foxhound, Stud Book,114
Fox Terriers,239
—— Club,247
—— Standard of Points,247
—— (Rough),265
—— points of,265
—— Disqualifying Points,266
Fractures,435
G
Gamekeepers' Kennel Association,351
—— Rules,352
Greyhounds,157
—— head, eyes,158
—— ears, neck,158
—— fore and hind-quarters,158
—— coat and colour, etc.,167
Gullet, disease of,394
H
Hæmorrhage,406
Hæmorrhoids,407
Harriers,122
—— loins, back, ribs,125
—— chest, fore-limbs,125
—— coat,125
Herpes,387
I
Inflammation of stomach,395
—— of bowels,396
—— of bladder,420
—— of ear,423
International Gundog League,32
Inverted eyelids,430
Irish Setter,25
—— coat, etc.,26
Irish Terrier,287
—— coat, colour, etc.,288
—— weight,293
—— Club,293
—— prices,293
Irish Water Spaniel,88
—— colour, coat, height,91
—— general appearance,91
—— faults,92
—— Club,92
Irish Wolfhound,155
—— points, etc.,156
J
Jaundice,410
K
Kidneys, disease of,418
L
Labradors,56
Lead poisoning,417
Lurcher,337
M
Mange, Follicular,393
Mange, Sarcoptic,391
Mercury,417
Morbid growths in the ear passage,427
N
Nettle-rash,388
Night-dogs, the Training, Use, and Abuse of,337
O
Ophthalmia,428
Otterhound,126
—— colour,126
—— skull, neck,127
—— height,127
Overgrown claws,435
P
Pediculi or lice,390
Phosphorus poisoning,416
Pointer and Setter Society,32
Pointer, the,3
Poisons,413
Ptomaine poisoning,418
R
Rabies,379
Retrievers,41
—— head,47
—— ears, back limbs,48
Retrievers (Flat-coated),41
—— (Curly-coated),55
Rheumatism,382
Ringworm,391
Rules adopted at the Retriever Society,63
Ruptures,411
S
Sarcoptic Mange,389
Scottish Terrier,278
—— coat, weight, colour,283
—— neck, chest, etc.,284
—— head, muzzle,284
—— height,287
—— Clubs,287
Setoning,438
Skye Terrier,269
—— head,273
—— weight,273
—— faults,273
—— Club,273
—— prices,273
Spaniels,66
—— colour of,68
—— Sussex,76
Specific ailments,369
Split margin,425
Stone in the bladder,419
Stricture,421
Strychnine poisoning,415
T
Torn eyelids,431
Training Spaniels,102
Tumours and warts,441
Twist of the bowels,395
V
Vomiting,398
W
Welsh Terrier,308
—— head, neck,308
—— arms, and forearms ,309
—— back, loins, tail, and feet,309
—— Club,309
Whippet,167
—— coat,168
—— constitution,168
—— fore-limbs,168
—— hind-quarters,171
—— tail and feet,171
—— General appearances,171
White West Highland Terrier,305,307(see Appendix, p.443)
Worms,399
Wounds,433
THE END
Colston & Coy. Limited, Printers, Edinburgh