[687]“Boat-men” is the solution of the last two lines of the enigma.return to text[688]The commentator actually supplies a list of the persons who signed a congratulatory petition to the Viceroy on the arrest and punishment of the criminals.return to text[689]When the soul of the Emperor T‘ai Tsung of the T‘ang dynasty was in the infernal regions, it promised to send Yen-lo (the ChineseYamaor Pluto) a melon; and when His Majesty recovered from the trance into which he had been plunged, he gave orders that his promise was to be fulfilled. Just then a man, named Liu Ch‘üan, observed a priest with a hairpin belonging to his wife, and misconstruing the manner in which possession of it had been obtained, abused his wife so severely that she committed suicide. Liu Ch‘üan himself then determined to follow her example, and convey the melon to Yen-lo; for which act he was subsequently deified. See theHsi-yu-chi, SectionXI.return to text[690]As the Chinese believe that their disembodied spirits proceed to a world organised on much the same model as the one they know, so do they think that there will be social distinctions of rank and emolument proportioned to the merits of each.return to text[691]A dying man is almost always moved into his coffin to die; and aged persons frequently take to sleeping regularly in the coffins provided against the inevitable hour by the pious thoughtfulness of a loving son. Even in middle life Chinese like to see their coffins ready for them, and store them sometimes on their own premises, sometimes in the outhouses of a neighbouring temple.return to text[692]SeeNo. LXXIII.,note 417.return to text[693]The Chinese distinguish sixteen vital spots on the front of the body and six on the back, with thirty-six and twenty non-vital spots in similar positions, respectively. They allow, however, that a severe blow on a non-vital spot might cause death, andvice versâ.return to text[694]Certain classes of soothsayers are believed by the Chinese to be possessed by foxes, which animals have the power of looking into the future,&c.,&c.return to text[695]TheYü LiorDivine Panorama.return to text[696]The Divine Ruler, immediately below God himself.return to text[697]SeeNo. XXVI.,note 182.return to text[698]SeeAuthor’s Own Record(inIntroduction),note 28.return to text[699]The three worst of the Six Paths.return to text[700]That the state of one life is the result of behaviour in a previous existence.return to text[701]Lit.—the skin purse (of his bones).return to text[702]Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.return to footnote anchor 702return to footnote 753[703]Violent deaths are regarded with horror by the Chinese. They hold that a truly virtuous man always dies either of illness or old age.return to text[704]Good people go to Purgatory in the flesh, and are at once passed up to Heaven without suffering any torture, or are sent back to earth again.return to text[705]The Supreme Ruler.return to text[706]SeeNo. I.,note 36.return to text[707]Supposed to be the gate of the Infernal Regions.return to text[708]Hades.return to text[709]Literally, “ten armfuls.”return to text[710]To Heaven, Earth, sovereign, and relatives.return to text[711]Held to be a great relief to the spirits of the dead.return to text[712]It is commonly believed that if the spirit of a murdered man can secure the violent death of some other person he returns to earth again as if nothing had happened, the spirit of his victim passing into the world below and suffering all the misery of a disembodied soul in his stead. SeeNo. XLV.,note 267.return to text[713]A very common trick in China. The drunken bully Lu Ta in the celebrated novelShui-husaved himself by these means, and I have heard that the Mandarin who in the war of 1842 spent a large sum in constructing a paddle-wheel steamer to be worked by men, hoping thereby to match the wheel-ships of the Outer Barbarians, is now expiating his failure at a monastery in Fukien.Aproposof which, it may not be generally known that at this moment there are small paddle-wheel boats for Chinese passengers, plying up and down the Canton river, the wheels of which are turned by gangs of coolies who perform a movement precisely similar to that required on the treadmill.return to text[714]In order that their marriage destiny may not be interfered with. It is considered disgraceful not to accept the ransom of a slave girl of 15 or 16 years of age. SeeNo. XXVI.,note 185.return to text[715]The soil of China belongs, every inch of it, to the Emperor. Consequently, the people owe him a debt of gratitude for permitting them to live upon it.return to text[716]Do their duty as men and women.return to text[717]A Chinaman may have three kinds of fathers; (1) his real father, (2) an adopted father, such as an uncle without children to whom he has been given as heir, and (3) the man his widowed mother may marry. The first two are to all intents and purposes equal; the third is entitled only to one year’s mourning instead of the usual three.return to text[718]As taxes.return to text[719]Visitors to Peking may often see the junkmen at T‘ung-chow pouring water by the bucketful on to newly-arrived cargoes of Imperial rice in order to make up the right weight and conceal the amount they have filched on the way.return to text[720]That is, with a false gloss on them.return to text[721]In order to raise to nap and give an appearance of strength and goodness.return to text[722]Costermongers and others acquire certain rights to doorsteps or snug corners in Chinese cities which are not usually infringed by competitors in the same line of business. Chair-coolies, carrying-coolies, ferrymen,&c., also claim whole districts as their particular field of operations and are very jealous of any interference. I know of a case in which the right of “scavengering” a town had been in the same family for generations, and no one dreamt of trying to take it out of their hands.return to text[723]Chiefly alluding to small temples where some pious spirit may have lighted a lamp or candle to the glory of his favourite P‘u-sa.return to text[724]This is done either by making a figure of the person to be injured and burning it in a slow fire, like the old practice of the wax figure in English history; or by obtaining his nativity characters, writing them out on a piece of paper and burning them in a candle, muttering all the time whatsoever mischief it is hoped will befall him.return to text[725]Popularly known as the Chinese Pluto. The IndianYama.return to text[726]The celebrated “See-one’s-home Terrace.”return to text[727]Regarded by the Chinese with intense disgust.return to text[728]Father’s, mother’s, and wife’s families.return to text[729]I know of few more pathetic passages throughout all the exquisite imagery of the Divine Comedy than this in which the guilty soul is supposed to look back to the home he has but lately left and gaze in bitter anguish on his desolate hearth and broken household gods. For once the gross tortures of Chinese Purgatory give place to as refined and as dreadful a punishment as human ingenuity could well devise.return to text[730]A long pole tipped with a kind of birdlime is cautiously inserted between the branches of a tree, and then suddenly dabbed on to some unsuspecting sparrow.return to text[731]If this is done in Winter or Spring the Spirits of the Hearth and Threshold are liable to catch cold.return to text[732]I presume because God sits with his face to the south.return to text[733]Pious and wealthy people often give orders for an image of a certain P‘u-sa to be made with an ounce or so of gold inside.return to text[734]Primarily, because no living thing should be killed for food. The ox and the dog are specified because of their kindly services to man in tilling the earth and guarding his home.return to text[735]The symbol of the Yin and the Yang, so ably and so poetically explained by Mr. Alabaster in his pamphlet on the Doctrine of the Ch‘i.return to text[736]One being male and the other being female. This calls to mind the extreme modesty of a celebrated French lady, who would not put books by male and female authors on the same shelf.return to footnote 489return to footnote anchor 736[737]The symbol on Buddha’s heart; more commonly known to the western world as Thor’s Hammer.return to text[738]Emblems of Imperial dignity.return to text[739]Supposed to confer immortality.return to text[740]Unfit for translation.return to text[741]This is ingeniously expressed, as ifmotherswere the prime movers in such unnatural acts.return to text[742]On fête days at temples it is not uncommon to see cages full of birds hawked about among the holiday-makers, that those who feel twinges of conscience may purchase a sparrow or two and relieve themselves from anxiety by the simple means of setting them at liberty.return to text[743]Bones are used in glazing porcelain, to give a higher finish.return to text[744]The seven periods of seven days each which occur immediately after a death and at which the departed shade is appeased with food and offerings of various kinds.return to text[745]To warm them.return to text[746]When they are born again on earth.return to text[747]Heart, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys.return to text[748]Many millions of years.return to text[749]The following recipe for this deadly poison is given in the well-known Chinese workInstructions to Coroners:—“Take a quantity of insects of all kinds and throw them into a vessel of any kind; cover them up, and let a year pass away before you look at them again. The insects will have killed and eaten each other, until there is only one survivor, and this one isKu.”return to text[750]He who “turns the wheel;” achakravartti raja.return to text[751]The capital city of the Infernal Regions.return to text[752]The ghosts of dead people are believed to be liable to death. The ghost of a ghost is calledchien.return to text[753]On the “Three Systems.” Seenote 702,Appendix.return to text[754]Women are considered in China to be far more revengeful than men.return to text[755]SeeAuthor’s Own Record(inIntroduction),note 28.return to text[756]While in Purgatory.return to text[757]It was mentioned above that the rewards for virtue would be continued to a man’s sons and grandsons.return to text[758]That is, go to heaven.return to text[759]Of meat, wine,&c.return to text
[687]“Boat-men” is the solution of the last two lines of the enigma.return to text
[687]“Boat-men” is the solution of the last two lines of the enigma.return to text
[688]The commentator actually supplies a list of the persons who signed a congratulatory petition to the Viceroy on the arrest and punishment of the criminals.return to text
[688]The commentator actually supplies a list of the persons who signed a congratulatory petition to the Viceroy on the arrest and punishment of the criminals.return to text
[689]When the soul of the Emperor T‘ai Tsung of the T‘ang dynasty was in the infernal regions, it promised to send Yen-lo (the ChineseYamaor Pluto) a melon; and when His Majesty recovered from the trance into which he had been plunged, he gave orders that his promise was to be fulfilled. Just then a man, named Liu Ch‘üan, observed a priest with a hairpin belonging to his wife, and misconstruing the manner in which possession of it had been obtained, abused his wife so severely that she committed suicide. Liu Ch‘üan himself then determined to follow her example, and convey the melon to Yen-lo; for which act he was subsequently deified. See theHsi-yu-chi, SectionXI.return to text
[689]When the soul of the Emperor T‘ai Tsung of the T‘ang dynasty was in the infernal regions, it promised to send Yen-lo (the ChineseYamaor Pluto) a melon; and when His Majesty recovered from the trance into which he had been plunged, he gave orders that his promise was to be fulfilled. Just then a man, named Liu Ch‘üan, observed a priest with a hairpin belonging to his wife, and misconstruing the manner in which possession of it had been obtained, abused his wife so severely that she committed suicide. Liu Ch‘üan himself then determined to follow her example, and convey the melon to Yen-lo; for which act he was subsequently deified. See theHsi-yu-chi, SectionXI.return to text
[690]As the Chinese believe that their disembodied spirits proceed to a world organised on much the same model as the one they know, so do they think that there will be social distinctions of rank and emolument proportioned to the merits of each.return to text
[690]As the Chinese believe that their disembodied spirits proceed to a world organised on much the same model as the one they know, so do they think that there will be social distinctions of rank and emolument proportioned to the merits of each.return to text
[691]A dying man is almost always moved into his coffin to die; and aged persons frequently take to sleeping regularly in the coffins provided against the inevitable hour by the pious thoughtfulness of a loving son. Even in middle life Chinese like to see their coffins ready for them, and store them sometimes on their own premises, sometimes in the outhouses of a neighbouring temple.return to text
[691]A dying man is almost always moved into his coffin to die; and aged persons frequently take to sleeping regularly in the coffins provided against the inevitable hour by the pious thoughtfulness of a loving son. Even in middle life Chinese like to see their coffins ready for them, and store them sometimes on their own premises, sometimes in the outhouses of a neighbouring temple.return to text
[692]SeeNo. LXXIII.,note 417.return to text
[692]SeeNo. LXXIII.,note 417.return to text
[693]The Chinese distinguish sixteen vital spots on the front of the body and six on the back, with thirty-six and twenty non-vital spots in similar positions, respectively. They allow, however, that a severe blow on a non-vital spot might cause death, andvice versâ.return to text
[693]The Chinese distinguish sixteen vital spots on the front of the body and six on the back, with thirty-six and twenty non-vital spots in similar positions, respectively. They allow, however, that a severe blow on a non-vital spot might cause death, andvice versâ.return to text
[694]Certain classes of soothsayers are believed by the Chinese to be possessed by foxes, which animals have the power of looking into the future,&c.,&c.return to text
[694]Certain classes of soothsayers are believed by the Chinese to be possessed by foxes, which animals have the power of looking into the future,&c.,&c.return to text
[695]TheYü LiorDivine Panorama.return to text
[695]TheYü LiorDivine Panorama.return to text
[696]The Divine Ruler, immediately below God himself.return to text
[696]The Divine Ruler, immediately below God himself.return to text
[697]SeeNo. XXVI.,note 182.return to text
[697]SeeNo. XXVI.,note 182.return to text
[698]SeeAuthor’s Own Record(inIntroduction),note 28.return to text
[698]SeeAuthor’s Own Record(inIntroduction),note 28.return to text
[699]The three worst of the Six Paths.return to text
[699]The three worst of the Six Paths.return to text
[700]That the state of one life is the result of behaviour in a previous existence.return to text
[700]That the state of one life is the result of behaviour in a previous existence.return to text
[701]Lit.—the skin purse (of his bones).return to text
[701]Lit.—the skin purse (of his bones).return to text
[702]Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.return to footnote anchor 702return to footnote 753
[702]Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.return to footnote anchor 702return to footnote 753
[703]Violent deaths are regarded with horror by the Chinese. They hold that a truly virtuous man always dies either of illness or old age.return to text
[703]Violent deaths are regarded with horror by the Chinese. They hold that a truly virtuous man always dies either of illness or old age.return to text
[704]Good people go to Purgatory in the flesh, and are at once passed up to Heaven without suffering any torture, or are sent back to earth again.return to text
[704]Good people go to Purgatory in the flesh, and are at once passed up to Heaven without suffering any torture, or are sent back to earth again.return to text
[705]The Supreme Ruler.return to text
[705]The Supreme Ruler.return to text
[706]SeeNo. I.,note 36.return to text
[706]SeeNo. I.,note 36.return to text
[707]Supposed to be the gate of the Infernal Regions.return to text
[707]Supposed to be the gate of the Infernal Regions.return to text
[708]Hades.return to text
[708]Hades.return to text
[709]Literally, “ten armfuls.”return to text
[709]Literally, “ten armfuls.”return to text
[710]To Heaven, Earth, sovereign, and relatives.return to text
[710]To Heaven, Earth, sovereign, and relatives.return to text
[711]Held to be a great relief to the spirits of the dead.return to text
[711]Held to be a great relief to the spirits of the dead.return to text
[712]It is commonly believed that if the spirit of a murdered man can secure the violent death of some other person he returns to earth again as if nothing had happened, the spirit of his victim passing into the world below and suffering all the misery of a disembodied soul in his stead. SeeNo. XLV.,note 267.return to text
[712]It is commonly believed that if the spirit of a murdered man can secure the violent death of some other person he returns to earth again as if nothing had happened, the spirit of his victim passing into the world below and suffering all the misery of a disembodied soul in his stead. SeeNo. XLV.,note 267.return to text
[713]A very common trick in China. The drunken bully Lu Ta in the celebrated novelShui-husaved himself by these means, and I have heard that the Mandarin who in the war of 1842 spent a large sum in constructing a paddle-wheel steamer to be worked by men, hoping thereby to match the wheel-ships of the Outer Barbarians, is now expiating his failure at a monastery in Fukien.Aproposof which, it may not be generally known that at this moment there are small paddle-wheel boats for Chinese passengers, plying up and down the Canton river, the wheels of which are turned by gangs of coolies who perform a movement precisely similar to that required on the treadmill.return to text
[713]A very common trick in China. The drunken bully Lu Ta in the celebrated novelShui-husaved himself by these means, and I have heard that the Mandarin who in the war of 1842 spent a large sum in constructing a paddle-wheel steamer to be worked by men, hoping thereby to match the wheel-ships of the Outer Barbarians, is now expiating his failure at a monastery in Fukien.Aproposof which, it may not be generally known that at this moment there are small paddle-wheel boats for Chinese passengers, plying up and down the Canton river, the wheels of which are turned by gangs of coolies who perform a movement precisely similar to that required on the treadmill.return to text
[714]In order that their marriage destiny may not be interfered with. It is considered disgraceful not to accept the ransom of a slave girl of 15 or 16 years of age. SeeNo. XXVI.,note 185.return to text
[714]In order that their marriage destiny may not be interfered with. It is considered disgraceful not to accept the ransom of a slave girl of 15 or 16 years of age. SeeNo. XXVI.,note 185.return to text
[715]The soil of China belongs, every inch of it, to the Emperor. Consequently, the people owe him a debt of gratitude for permitting them to live upon it.return to text
[715]The soil of China belongs, every inch of it, to the Emperor. Consequently, the people owe him a debt of gratitude for permitting them to live upon it.return to text
[716]Do their duty as men and women.return to text
[716]Do their duty as men and women.return to text
[717]A Chinaman may have three kinds of fathers; (1) his real father, (2) an adopted father, such as an uncle without children to whom he has been given as heir, and (3) the man his widowed mother may marry. The first two are to all intents and purposes equal; the third is entitled only to one year’s mourning instead of the usual three.return to text
[717]A Chinaman may have three kinds of fathers; (1) his real father, (2) an adopted father, such as an uncle without children to whom he has been given as heir, and (3) the man his widowed mother may marry. The first two are to all intents and purposes equal; the third is entitled only to one year’s mourning instead of the usual three.return to text
[718]As taxes.return to text
[718]As taxes.return to text
[719]Visitors to Peking may often see the junkmen at T‘ung-chow pouring water by the bucketful on to newly-arrived cargoes of Imperial rice in order to make up the right weight and conceal the amount they have filched on the way.return to text
[719]Visitors to Peking may often see the junkmen at T‘ung-chow pouring water by the bucketful on to newly-arrived cargoes of Imperial rice in order to make up the right weight and conceal the amount they have filched on the way.return to text
[720]That is, with a false gloss on them.return to text
[720]That is, with a false gloss on them.return to text
[721]In order to raise to nap and give an appearance of strength and goodness.return to text
[721]In order to raise to nap and give an appearance of strength and goodness.return to text
[722]Costermongers and others acquire certain rights to doorsteps or snug corners in Chinese cities which are not usually infringed by competitors in the same line of business. Chair-coolies, carrying-coolies, ferrymen,&c., also claim whole districts as their particular field of operations and are very jealous of any interference. I know of a case in which the right of “scavengering” a town had been in the same family for generations, and no one dreamt of trying to take it out of their hands.return to text
[722]Costermongers and others acquire certain rights to doorsteps or snug corners in Chinese cities which are not usually infringed by competitors in the same line of business. Chair-coolies, carrying-coolies, ferrymen,&c., also claim whole districts as their particular field of operations and are very jealous of any interference. I know of a case in which the right of “scavengering” a town had been in the same family for generations, and no one dreamt of trying to take it out of their hands.return to text
[723]Chiefly alluding to small temples where some pious spirit may have lighted a lamp or candle to the glory of his favourite P‘u-sa.return to text
[723]Chiefly alluding to small temples where some pious spirit may have lighted a lamp or candle to the glory of his favourite P‘u-sa.return to text
[724]This is done either by making a figure of the person to be injured and burning it in a slow fire, like the old practice of the wax figure in English history; or by obtaining his nativity characters, writing them out on a piece of paper and burning them in a candle, muttering all the time whatsoever mischief it is hoped will befall him.return to text
[724]This is done either by making a figure of the person to be injured and burning it in a slow fire, like the old practice of the wax figure in English history; or by obtaining his nativity characters, writing them out on a piece of paper and burning them in a candle, muttering all the time whatsoever mischief it is hoped will befall him.return to text
[725]Popularly known as the Chinese Pluto. The IndianYama.return to text
[725]Popularly known as the Chinese Pluto. The IndianYama.return to text
[726]The celebrated “See-one’s-home Terrace.”return to text
[726]The celebrated “See-one’s-home Terrace.”return to text
[727]Regarded by the Chinese with intense disgust.return to text
[727]Regarded by the Chinese with intense disgust.return to text
[728]Father’s, mother’s, and wife’s families.return to text
[728]Father’s, mother’s, and wife’s families.return to text
[729]I know of few more pathetic passages throughout all the exquisite imagery of the Divine Comedy than this in which the guilty soul is supposed to look back to the home he has but lately left and gaze in bitter anguish on his desolate hearth and broken household gods. For once the gross tortures of Chinese Purgatory give place to as refined and as dreadful a punishment as human ingenuity could well devise.return to text
[729]I know of few more pathetic passages throughout all the exquisite imagery of the Divine Comedy than this in which the guilty soul is supposed to look back to the home he has but lately left and gaze in bitter anguish on his desolate hearth and broken household gods. For once the gross tortures of Chinese Purgatory give place to as refined and as dreadful a punishment as human ingenuity could well devise.return to text
[730]A long pole tipped with a kind of birdlime is cautiously inserted between the branches of a tree, and then suddenly dabbed on to some unsuspecting sparrow.return to text
[730]A long pole tipped with a kind of birdlime is cautiously inserted between the branches of a tree, and then suddenly dabbed on to some unsuspecting sparrow.return to text
[731]If this is done in Winter or Spring the Spirits of the Hearth and Threshold are liable to catch cold.return to text
[731]If this is done in Winter or Spring the Spirits of the Hearth and Threshold are liable to catch cold.return to text
[732]I presume because God sits with his face to the south.return to text
[732]I presume because God sits with his face to the south.return to text
[733]Pious and wealthy people often give orders for an image of a certain P‘u-sa to be made with an ounce or so of gold inside.return to text
[733]Pious and wealthy people often give orders for an image of a certain P‘u-sa to be made with an ounce or so of gold inside.return to text
[734]Primarily, because no living thing should be killed for food. The ox and the dog are specified because of their kindly services to man in tilling the earth and guarding his home.return to text
[734]Primarily, because no living thing should be killed for food. The ox and the dog are specified because of their kindly services to man in tilling the earth and guarding his home.return to text
[735]The symbol of the Yin and the Yang, so ably and so poetically explained by Mr. Alabaster in his pamphlet on the Doctrine of the Ch‘i.return to text
[735]The symbol of the Yin and the Yang, so ably and so poetically explained by Mr. Alabaster in his pamphlet on the Doctrine of the Ch‘i.return to text
[736]One being male and the other being female. This calls to mind the extreme modesty of a celebrated French lady, who would not put books by male and female authors on the same shelf.return to footnote 489return to footnote anchor 736
[736]One being male and the other being female. This calls to mind the extreme modesty of a celebrated French lady, who would not put books by male and female authors on the same shelf.return to footnote 489return to footnote anchor 736
[737]The symbol on Buddha’s heart; more commonly known to the western world as Thor’s Hammer.return to text
[737]The symbol on Buddha’s heart; more commonly known to the western world as Thor’s Hammer.return to text
[738]Emblems of Imperial dignity.return to text
[738]Emblems of Imperial dignity.return to text
[739]Supposed to confer immortality.return to text
[739]Supposed to confer immortality.return to text
[740]Unfit for translation.return to text
[740]Unfit for translation.return to text
[741]This is ingeniously expressed, as ifmotherswere the prime movers in such unnatural acts.return to text
[741]This is ingeniously expressed, as ifmotherswere the prime movers in such unnatural acts.return to text
[742]On fête days at temples it is not uncommon to see cages full of birds hawked about among the holiday-makers, that those who feel twinges of conscience may purchase a sparrow or two and relieve themselves from anxiety by the simple means of setting them at liberty.return to text
[742]On fête days at temples it is not uncommon to see cages full of birds hawked about among the holiday-makers, that those who feel twinges of conscience may purchase a sparrow or two and relieve themselves from anxiety by the simple means of setting them at liberty.return to text
[743]Bones are used in glazing porcelain, to give a higher finish.return to text
[743]Bones are used in glazing porcelain, to give a higher finish.return to text
[744]The seven periods of seven days each which occur immediately after a death and at which the departed shade is appeased with food and offerings of various kinds.return to text
[744]The seven periods of seven days each which occur immediately after a death and at which the departed shade is appeased with food and offerings of various kinds.return to text
[745]To warm them.return to text
[745]To warm them.return to text
[746]When they are born again on earth.return to text
[746]When they are born again on earth.return to text
[747]Heart, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys.return to text
[747]Heart, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys.return to text
[748]Many millions of years.return to text
[748]Many millions of years.return to text
[749]The following recipe for this deadly poison is given in the well-known Chinese workInstructions to Coroners:—“Take a quantity of insects of all kinds and throw them into a vessel of any kind; cover them up, and let a year pass away before you look at them again. The insects will have killed and eaten each other, until there is only one survivor, and this one isKu.”return to text
[749]The following recipe for this deadly poison is given in the well-known Chinese workInstructions to Coroners:—“Take a quantity of insects of all kinds and throw them into a vessel of any kind; cover them up, and let a year pass away before you look at them again. The insects will have killed and eaten each other, until there is only one survivor, and this one isKu.”return to text
[750]He who “turns the wheel;” achakravartti raja.return to text
[750]He who “turns the wheel;” achakravartti raja.return to text
[751]The capital city of the Infernal Regions.return to text
[751]The capital city of the Infernal Regions.return to text
[752]The ghosts of dead people are believed to be liable to death. The ghost of a ghost is calledchien.return to text
[752]The ghosts of dead people are believed to be liable to death. The ghost of a ghost is calledchien.return to text
[753]On the “Three Systems.” Seenote 702,Appendix.return to text
[753]On the “Three Systems.” Seenote 702,Appendix.return to text
[754]Women are considered in China to be far more revengeful than men.return to text
[754]Women are considered in China to be far more revengeful than men.return to text
[755]SeeAuthor’s Own Record(inIntroduction),note 28.return to text
[755]SeeAuthor’s Own Record(inIntroduction),note 28.return to text
[756]While in Purgatory.return to text
[756]While in Purgatory.return to text
[757]It was mentioned above that the rewards for virtue would be continued to a man’s sons and grandsons.return to text
[757]It was mentioned above that the rewards for virtue would be continued to a man’s sons and grandsons.return to text
[758]That is, go to heaven.return to text
[758]That is, go to heaven.return to text
[759]Of meat, wine,&c.return to text
[759]Of meat, wine,&c.return to text