Chapter 6

Fig. 24.

Fig. 24.Known occurrences and probable geographic range of the subspecies ofDipodomys ordiiin the southeastern fourth of the range of the species.1.D. o. richardsoni7.D. o. obscurus30.D. o. fuscus2.D. o. oklahomae14.D. o. ordii31.D. o. longipes3.D. o. compactus16.D. o. extractus35.D. o. palmeri4.D. o. sennetti23.D. o. idoneus6.D. o. medius29.D. o. attenuatus

Dipodomys ordii terrosusHoffmeister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:165, December 31, 1942.

Dipodomys phillipsi ordi,Coues and Allen, Monogr. North American Rodentia, p. 541, August, 1877 (part—the part from Yellowstone River, Montana).

Perodipus montanus richardsoni, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 49:124, December, 1926 (part—the part from Glendive, Montana).

Type.—Male, no. 93477, Mus. Vert. Zool., Univ. California; Yellowstone River, 5 mi. W Forsyth, 2,750 ft., Rosebud County, Montana; obtained on June 2, 1940, by J. R. Alcorn, original no. 1528.

Range.—Extreme southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta, eastern half of Montana, northern Wyoming and probably extreme western North Dakota; marginal localities are: 50 mi. W Swift Current, Saskatchewan; "near Medicine Hat," Alberta; in Wyoming, Sheep Creek, and 23 mi. SW Newcastle; in Montana, Medicine Rocks (14 mi. NE Ekalaka), and Glendive.

Diagnosis.—Size large (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface near (c) Ochraceous-Buff, purest on sides and flanks; upper parts mixed with black; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail and plantar surfaces of hind feet brownish-black. Skull large; rostrum short, wide and deep; braincase slightly vaulted; auditory bullae markedly inflated ventrally; zygomatic arches heavy and bowed laterad; upper incisors long and robust.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii priscus,D. o. terrosusdiffers as follows: Size larger in all measurements taken, except for length of hind feet, which is less; color darker in all pigmented areas; skull larger in all parts measured except width of interparietal, which is less; auditory bullae more inflated ventrally; zygomatic processes of maxillae wider; rostrum deeper and shorter.

FromDipodomys ordii richardsoni,D. o. terrosusdiffers as follows: Size larger; color darker in all pigmented areas; ventral stripe of tail extending farther distally; skull larger except in width across auditory bullae, which is the same.

For comparison withDipodomys ordii luteolussee account of that subspecies.

Remarks.—As noted in the comparisons,D. o. terrosusis larger and darker thanD. o. priscus,D. o. luteolusorD. o. richardsoni, its closest geographic neighbors, and does not resemble any of them, but rather resemblesD. o. longipesandD. o. evexusin size and appearance, both of which are distantly removed geographically.

Like other subspecies of the speciesD. ordii,D. o. terrosusprefers sandy soils to those of any other type. Two miles east and 1 mile south of Forsyth, Montana, animals were trapped on lenses of sandy soil. These lenses alternated with areas of black loam of similar size. It was noteworthy that burrows were found only in the areas of sandy soil, although paths used by the rats when foragingdid extend onto and several crossed the lenses of black loam. We were not permitted to excavate any of these burrows, but conversation with farmers of the immediate vicinity indicated that the burrows were not deep. An eight-inch disc would frequently plow out nests and food caches. It was said that each of several caches contained as much as a peck of wheat.

Intergradation was noted in animals from 23 miles southwest of Newcastle and Arvada, Wyoming. In animals from both localities the pterygoid fossae are more as inD. o. luteolusbut referable toD. o. terrosus. The specimens from Arvada, although immature, possessed cranial characters which were intermediate between those ofD. o. terrosusandD. o. luteolusbut the specimens are referable to the former.

Specimens examined.—Total, 74, distributed as follows:

Montana:Petroleum County: 24 mi. N Roundup, 8 mi. SW Flatwillow, 2 (UM).Garfield County: Jordan, 10 (1 UM; 2 MVZ; 7 AMNH).Dawson County: Glendive, 9 (USNM).Musselshell County: Harvey Ranch, Melstone, 3 (MVZ).Rosebud County: Yellowstone River, 5 mi. W Forsyth, 2750 ft., 7 (MVZ); 2 mi. E and 1 mi. S Forsyth, 2600 ft., 8 (KU).Custer County: Miles City, 1 (USBS).Yellowstone County: Billings, 2 (1 USBS; 1 MVZ).Big Horn County: Fort Custer, 1 (USBS); Crow Agency, 1 (USBS).Powder River County: Powderville, 4 (USBS).Carter County: Medicine Rocks, 15 mi. N Ekalaka, 2 (USBS); Medicine Rocks, 14 mi. N Ekalaka, 2 (USBS); Clark's Fork, 1 (USBS).

Wyoming:Big Horn County: Dry Creek, 10 mi. W Germania, 1 (USBS); 3 mi. E Germania, 1 (USBS); Greybull, 2 (USBS); Bighorn Basin, 1 (USBS).Sheridan County: Arvada, 8 (USBS).Campbell County: Little Powder River, 1 (USBS).Weston County: Newcastle, 2 (USBS); 23 mi. SW Newcastle, 4 (USBS).Fremont County: Wilson's Ranch, Sheep Creek, S base Owl Creek Mountains, 1 (USBS).

Additional records.—Canada(Anderson, 1946:131):Alberta: near Medicine Hat, 1;Saskatchewan: near Shackleton, 45-50 mi. NW Swift Current, 1; near Tompkins, 50 mi. W Swift Current, 1.

Dipodomys ordii fremontiDurrant and Setzer, Bull. Univ. Utah, 35 (no. 26):21, June 30, 1945.

Type.—Female, no. 15661, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Torrey, 7000 ft., Wayne County, Utah; obtained on July 19, 1938, by W. F. and F. H. Wood, original no. 1562.

Range.—Known only from the type locality.

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides, flanks and cheeks; upper parts strongly suffused with black; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull small; upper incisors long; rostrum deep; jugal bowed laterally; diastema long; upper molariform tooth-row long.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii panguitchensis,D. o. fremontidiffers in: Color lighter in all pigmented areas, particularly ears which are light brown inD. o. fremontiand black inD. o. panguitchensis; skull larger in all measurements taken; upper incisors longer; rostrum deeper; auditory bullae deeper; jugal bowed laterally rather than straight; diastema longer.

FromDipodomys ordii cupidineus,longipes,nexilis,uintensisandsanrafaeli,D. o. fremontican readily be distinguished by its smaller size and generally darker color.

Remarks.—This subspecies ofDipodomys ordiiinhabits the upper reaches of the Fremont River in west-central Wayne County, Utah.D. o. fremontiappears to be isolated and is known only from the type locality.D. o. fremontiis so remarkably different from any other subspecies ofDipodomys ordiithat a long period of isolation from the ancestral stock (which probably gave rise also toDipodomys ordii utahensisandDipodomys ordii panguitchensis) is indicated. Although intergradation is not known to occur with other kinds, differentiation has not progressed far enough for these animals to be recognized as a distinct species.

The subspecies closest, geographically, toD. o. fremontiisD. o. cupidineusfrom whichD. o. fremontidiffers more than from any of the other named forms.

Specimens examined.—Total, 9, from Utah, as follows:Wayne County: Torrey, 7000 ft., 9 (CM).

Dipodomys ordii uintensisDurrant and Setzer, Bull. Univ. Utah, 35 (no. 26):27, June 30, 1945.

Perodipus longipes, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8:246, November 1896 (part—the part from Uncompahgre Indian Reservation, Utah).

Dipodomys ordii luteolus, Moore, Journ. Mamm., 11:88, February, 1930 (part—the part from Vernal, Utah).

Type.—Male, adult, no. 11634, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Red Creek, 6,700 ft., 2 mi. N Fruitland, Duchesne County, Utah; obtained on August 15, 1936, by J. K. and M. T. Doutt, original no. 3433.

Range.—Uinta basin of the White, Green and Duchesne river drainage in northeastern Utah; marginal occurrences are: 2 mi. N Fruitland, 10 mi. S Ouray, Vernal.

Diagnosis.—Size large (see measurements); hind foot short. Color dark; entire dorsal surface, near (c) Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks, with moderate suffusion of black on upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull large; frontomaxillary suture convex mediad; lacrimal process large; styloid process projects, on ventral surface of tympanic bulla, beyond middle of external auditory meatus; nasals flared distally.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii priscus,D. o. uintensisdiffers in: Hind foot shorter; color darker; styloid process projects on ventral part of tympanic bulla well anterior to middle of external auditory meatus as opposed to projecting to middle; depth of foramen magnum, expressed in percentage of width across posterior margin of occipital condyles, greater (86 per cent inD. o. uintensisand 81 per cent inD. o. priscus); frontomaxillary suture convex mediad as opposed to nearly straight; lacrimal processes larger; nasals more flared distally.

FromDipodomys ordii nexilis,D. o. uintensisdiffers as follows: Size smaller; color lighter; interorbital breadth greater; frontomaxillary suture convex mediad as opposed to concave; lacrimal processes larger; nasals more flared distally; narrower across auditory bullae; basal length greater; zygomatic arches bowed laterad as opposed to relatively straight.

FromDipodomys ordii longipes,D. o. uintensisdiffers as follows: Size smaller; color darker; auditory bullae wider, longer and deeper; frontomaxillary suture convex mediad as opposed to nearly straight; greatest breadth across auditory bullae less.

For comparison withDipodomys ordii sanrafaelisee account of that subspecies.

Remarks.—This large, rather dark race inhabits the desert valleys of the White, Green and Duchesne rivers in northeastern Utah. The race nearest geographically, as well as morphologically, isDipodomys ordii priscus. Intergradation occurs with the latter subspecies at Vernal, Uintah County, in cranial measurements and in color. On the basis of color aloneD. o. uintensiscan be distinguished fromD. o. sanrafaeli, the geographic race to the south. Specimens from Jensen are intermediate in color and cranial measurements betweenDipodomys ordii nexilisandD. o. uintensisbut are referable to the latter.

Specimens examined.—Total, 40, all from Utah, distributed as follows:Duchesne County: Red Creek, 6700 ft., 2 mi. N Fruitland, 4 (CM); 10 mi. S Myton, 1 (UU); 20 mi. S Myton, 1 (RH).Uintah County: Vernal, 1 (BYU); 20 mi. E Ouray, 5 (CM); Junction Green and White rivers, 4800 ft., 2 mi. S Ouray, 5 (CM); Pariette Bench, 5000 ft., 8 mi. S Ouray, 8 (CM); Desert Springs, 10 mi. S Ouray, 4 (CM); Pariette Bench, 12 mi. S Ouray, 2 (CM); Jensen, 5 (BYU); E side Green River, 3 mi. S Jensen, 4 (CM).

Dipodomys ordii sanrafaeliDurrant and Setzer, Bull. Univ. Utah, 35 (no. 26):26, June 30, 1945.

Dipodomys ordii longipes, Stanford, Journ. Mamm., 12:360, November, 1931 (part—the part from King's Ranch, Utah).

Type.—Female, adult, no. 4612, Museum of Zoology, University of Utah; 1-1/2 mi. N Price, 5567 ft., Carbon County, Utah; obtained on June 5, 1940, by Ross Hardy and H. Higgins, original no. 1901.

Range.—East-central Utah, east into west-central Colorado. Marginal occurrences are: in Utah, 12 mi. E Price, 1-1/2 mi. N Price, Notom, King's Ranch, 12 mi. SW Green River, 16 mi. NW Moab; in Colorado, State Line and Grand Junction.

Diagnosis.—Size large (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks with but slight suffusion of black on upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish-black. Skull large; pterygoid fossae ovoid; lacrimal processes small; width across maxillary arches relatively great; auditory bullae well inflated; diastema short.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii longipes,D. o. sanrafaelidiffers as follows: Size smaller; color lighter, more cinnamon, pinnae of ears lighter;skull smaller; auditory bullae smaller; pterygoid fossae ovoid rather than round; wider across occipital condyles; narrower across zygomatic processes of maxillae.

FromDipodomys ordii cupidineus,D. o. sanrafaelican be recognized by its larger size, lighter color and larger skull.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii nexilis,Dipodomys ordii priscusandDipodomys ordii uintensissee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—Intergradation betweenDipodomys ordii cupidineusandD. o. sanrafaeliis noted in the intermediate size of body in a single specimen from Notom. Intergradation in color and cranial characters occurs betweenDipodomys ordii nexilisandD. o. sanrafaeliin specimens from 16 miles northwest of Moab. All these specimens, however, are referable toD. o. sanrafaeli.

Animals from that part of the range ofD. o. sanrafaeliwest of the Green River are typical while those to the east of the river are all intergrades. Animals from 16 miles northwest of Moab, Utah, and from three localities in Colorado, even though intergrades withD. o. nexilis, are all referable toD. o. sanrafaeli. It appears that the Green River does not act as a complete barrier in this area since in the winter it occasionally freezes over, thus allowing the animals to cross. It is thought that kangaroo rats do not hibernate but remain more or less active throughout the winter. Man-made conveniences, such as bridges, might also serve as means of dispersal, permitting these animals to cross otherwise prohibitive barriers. Where there are no bridges across the Green River, farther to the south, the rats apparently do not cross the river; steep, rocky canyon-walls and the lack of ice on the water in winter lessen the chances of small mammals crossing from one side to the other.

Specimens examined.—Total, 30, distributed as follows:

Utah:Carbon County: 12 mi. NE Price, 2 (CM); 3 mi. NE Price, 1 (RH); 1-1/2 mi. N Price, 2 (1 RH; 1 UU); Wellington, 1 (RH).Emery County: "San Rafael, 21 mi. out," 1 (USAC); 12 mi. SW Green River, 2 (CM).Grand County: 1 mi. E Green River, 1 (MVZ); 16 mi. NW Moab, 2 (CM).Wayne County: Notom, 1 (BYU).Garfield County: King's Ranch, 4800 ft., 3 (2 UU; 1 USAC).

Colorado:Mesa County: State Line, 11 (MVZ); Fruita, 1 (USBS); Grand Junction, 2 (USBS).

Dipodomys ordii panguitchensisHardy, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:90, June 25, 1942.

Type.—Male, adult, no. 4375, Museum of Zoology, University of Utah; one mile south of Panguitch, 6666 ft., Garfield County, Utah; obtained on August 31, 1940, by Ross Hardy, original no. 2151.

Range.—Known only from the type locality.

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface near Olive-Brown, purest on sides and flanks, upper parts strongly suffused with black; cheeks white; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail which are wider than white lateral stripes, blackish. Skull small; rostrum relatively short and wide; interorbital region wide; interparietal region wide; foramen magnum elongate dorsoventrally; pterygoid fossae ovoid.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii utahensis, which it closely resembles,D. o. panguitchensisdiffers in: Size larger; color darker; interparietal region wider; foramen magnum elongate dorsoventrally as opposed to nearly round; pterygoid fossae ovoid as opposed to nearly round.

This subspecies can be distinguished fromDipodomys ordii fetosus,Dipodomys ordii celeripesandDipodomys ordii cupidineusby its darker color and generally larger size.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii cinderensisandDipodomys ordii fremontisee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—This geographic race inhabits the upper reaches of the Sevier River Valley in the vicinity of Panguitch, Utah. Natural barriers to kangaroo rats, such as the Cedar Mountains to the west, high plateau country to the south, the Paunsaugunt Plateau to the east and the narrow canyons of the Sevier River to the north prevent these animals from extending their range or from coming into physical contact with any adjacent geographic races. This isolation has resulted in a fairly stable population. Some animals, however, show characters, such as the width of the rostrum, and the shape and length of the nasals which are intermediate between those of topotypes ofD. o. utahensisand the type series ofD. o. panguitchensis.

Specimens examined.—Total, 3, all from Utah, distributed as follows:Garfield County: 1 mi. S Panguitch, 6666 ft., 3 (2 RH; 1 UU).

Perodipus monoensisGrinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 21:46, March 29, 1919.

Dipodomys ordii monoensis,Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2, 1921.

Type.—Female, adult, no. 27002, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; Pellisier Ranch, 5 mi. N Benton Station, 5600 ft., Mono County, California; obtained on September 21, 1917, by J. Dixon, original no. 6384.

Range.—Northeastern Inyo and Mono counties, California, north to southern Pershing County and east to eastern Nye County, Nevada; marginal occurrences are: in California, 5 mi. N Benton Station and Deep Spring Valley; in Nevada, Arlemont, 2 mi. NW Palmetto, 1 mi. N Beatty, 5 mi. W White Rock Spring, Big Creek at Quinn Canyon Mts., 2-1/2 mi. S Lock's Ranch, 2 mi. S Millett P. O., 13-1/2 mi. NW Goldfield, Fingerrock Wash, Eastgate, 1/2 mi. NE Toulon, 21 mi. W and 2 mi. N Lovelock, 1/2 mi. S Pyramid Lake, West Walker River in Smith's Valley, and 10 mi. S Yerington.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color pale, entire dorsal surface (c) between Pinkish Buff and Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides, flanks and cheeks, with but slight suffusion of black in upper parts; pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull medium in size; rostrum relatively long and narrow; nasals relatively short; interorbital region narrow; interparietal region relatively wide; lacrimal processes small; auditory bullae relatively small; pterygoid fossae circular; zygomatic arches robust and relatively straight; foramen magnum nearly circular.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii columbianus,D. o. monoensisdiffers as follows: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger; rostrum longer and narrower; interorbital region narrower; breadth across auditory bullae less; lacrimal processes larger; braincase less vaulted; auditory bullae more inflated ventrally; pterygoid fossae smaller; zygomatic arches more robust; cutting edge of upper incisors wider.

FromDipodomys ordii fetosus,D. o. monoensisdiffers in: Hind foot shorter; color lighter; skull smaller; rostrum shorter and narrower; interorbital width less; interparietal region larger; lacrimal processes smaller; auditory bullae less inflated.

For comparison withDipodomys ordii inaquosussee account of that subspecies.

Remarks.—This subspecies retains all of its diagnostic characters throughout nearly all parts of its geographic range. Intergradation occurs in animals from the southern end of Pyramid Lake, Big Smoky Valley and near Toquima Peak, Nevada; these animals, although typical ofD. o. monoensisin coloration, resembleD. o. columbianuscranially. Three-way intergradation betweenD. o. columbianus,D. o. fetosusandD. o. monoensisis noted in animals from east-central Nye County, Nevada. These animals resembleD. o. monoensisin size,D. o. fetosusin color and resembleD. o. columbianusin certain cranial features. These animals are referred toD. o. monoensis. Animals from Toulon, Nevada, in the inflation of the auditory bullae, the vault of the braincase, the color and the total length show intergradation withD. o. inaquosusbut are referable toD. o. monoensis.

Specimens examined.—Total, 264, distributed as follows:

California:Mono County: Pellisier Ranch, 5 mi. N Benton Station, 17 (7 DRD; 10 MVZ); Benton, 5639 ft., 2 (1 LACM; 1 MVZ); Taylor Ranch, 2 mi. S Benton Station, 5300 ft., 2 (MVZ).Inyo County: Deep Springs Valley, 1 (LACM).

Nevada:Washoe County: 1/2 mi. S Pyramid Lake, 3950 ft., 1 (MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. N Wadsworth, 4100 ft., 2 (MVZ).Pershing County: 21 mi. W and 2 mi. N Lovelock, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 3-1/4 mi. NNE Toulon, 3900 ft., 1 (MVZ); 3 mi. NNE Toulon, 3900 ft., 6 (MVZ); 1/2 mi. NE Toulon, 1 (MVZ); Toulon, 3930 ft., 5 (MVZ).Churchill County: Truckee Canal, 2 mi. SW Hazen, 4000 ft., 1 (MVZ); 1 mi. NW Soda Lake, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 1 mi. S Soda Lake, 4000 ft., 1 (MVZ); 5 mi. W Fallon, 1 (MVZ); 4 mi. W Fallon, 4000 ft., 3 (MVZ); 1 mi. W Mountain Well, 5350 ft., 3 (MVZ); Eastgate, 4400 ft., 13 (MVZ).Lyon County: 6 mi. N Fernley, 1 (MVZ); 1 mi. SE Wadsworth, 4200 ft., 7 (MVZ); 3/4 mi. N Fernley Underpass, Fernley, 1 (MVZ); 1/2 mi. N Fernley Underpass, Fernley,1 (MVZ); Wilson Canyon, 8 mi. NE Wellington, 4700 ft., 1 (MVZ); West Walker River, Smith's Valley, 4700 ft., 4 (MVZ); 10 mi. S Yerington, Mason Valley, 4500 ft., 6 (MVZ).Mineral County: 8 mi. SE Schurz, 4100 ft., 18 (MVZ); Fingerrock Wash, Stewart Valley, 5400 ft., 4 (MVZ); Cat Creek, 4 mi. W Hawthorne, 4500 ft., 1 (MVZ); Huntoon Valley, 5700 ft., 1 (MVZ).Nye County: 2 mi. S Millett P. O., 5500 ft., 1 (MVZ); 4 mi. SE Millett P. O., 5500 ft., 11 (MVZ); 5 mi. SE Millett P. O., 5500 ft., 5 (MVZ); 4 mi. S Millett P. O., 5500 ft., 2 (MVZ); Millman Ranch, Moore Creek, 6400 ft., 19 mi. SE Millett P. O., 9 (MVZ); Meadow Creek Ranger Station, Toquima Mts., 2 (MVZ); Monitor Valley, 9 mi. E Toquima Mts., 7000 ft., 19 (MVZ); Fish Spring Valley, 1/2 mi. N Fish Lake, 6500 ft., 2 (MVZ); Railroad Valley, 2-1/2 mi. S Lock's Ranch, 5000 ft., 5 (MVZ); Hot Creek Valley 3-1/2 mi. E Hot Creek, 5650 ft., 1 (MVZ); Hot Creek Valley, 4/5 mi. S Hot Creek, 5900 ft., 1 (MVZ); 5-1/2 mi. NE San Antonio, 5700 ft., 1 (MVZ); San Antonio, 5400 ft., 2 (MVZ); 9 mi. W and 3 mi. S Tybo, 6200 ft., 2 (MVZ); Ralston Valley, 15-1/2 mi. NE Tonopah, 5800 ft., 2 (MVZ); Railroad Valley, 2-1/2 mi. S Lock's Ranch, 5000 ft., 5 (MVZ); Hot Creek Valley Creek, 5800 ft., 1 (MVZ); Ralston Valley, 34 mi. E and 1 mi. N Tonopah, 5650 ft., 2 (MVZ); Old Mill, N end Reveille Valley, 6200 ft., 6 (MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. S Silverbow, Kawich Mountains, 1 (MVZ); 5 7/10 mi. SE Kawich, 2 (MVZ); 5 mi. W White Rock Spring, 6950 ft., Belted Range, 2 (MVZ); 1 mi. N Beatty, 1 (DRD).Esmeralda County: 13-1/2 mi. NW Goldfield, 4850 ft., 3 (MVZ); 7 mi. N Arlemont, 5500 ft., 6 (MVZ); Arlemont, 11 (MVZ); Mouth Palmetto Wash, 7 (DRD); 2 mi. NW Palmetto, 7 (DRD); 1 mi. NW Palmetto, 1 (DRD); Palmetto, 7 (DRD); 1 mi. SE Palmetto, 7 (DRD); Pigeon Spring, 6400 ft., 1 (MVZ); Indian Spring, Mt. Magruder, 20 (DRD).

D(ipodomys) ordiiWoodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6:224, 1853.

Dipodomys phillipsi ordi,Coues and Allen, Monogr. North American Rodentia, p. 541, 1877 (part—the part from El Paso, Texas).

Dipodops ordii, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4:42, October, 1890 (part—the part from El Paso, Texas).

Cricetodipus ordii, Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium, 1:581, 1897.

Perodipus ordi, Elliot, Field Columbian Museum, Zool. Ser., 2:238, 1901.

Perodipus montanus richardsoni,Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 25:144, October, 1905 (part—the part from Carlsbad, New Mexico).

Perodipus ordii,Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:113, May 23, 1917.

Type.—None designated. Species characterized from specimens obtained by Dr. Woodhouse at El Paso, Texas.

Range.—Southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas and north-central Mexico; marginal occurrences are: in Arizona, 20 mi. NE Calva, Oracle and Calabasas; in Sonora, Nogales; in Chihuahua, Casas Grandes, Corralitos and Santa Rosalia; in Texas, 16 mi. E Van Horn and 30 mi. N Van Horn; in New Mexico, 40 mi. N Roswell, 40 mi. SE Corona and Mangos Valley.

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface (16") between Pinkish Cinnamon and Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks, upper parts suffused with black; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish-black. Skull of medium size; rostrum narrow and relatively long; braincase flattened; auditory bullae but slightly inflated; zygomatic arches slender and straight; upper incisors short and narrow.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii richardsoni,D. o. ordiidiffers as follows: Size smaller; color somewhat lighter; dorsal and ventral stripes of tail brownish instead of blackish; skull smaller in all measurements taken.

FromDipodomys ordii montanus,D. o. ordiidiffers in: Size smaller; color lighter; skull narrower across bullae and rostrum; wider interorbitally; all other measurements taken the same, thus imparting to the skull, in dorsal view, a longer, narrower appearance.

FromDipodomys ordii chapmani,D. o. ordiidiffers in: Size smaller; color lighter; skull smaller; zygomatic arches narrower at suture of jugal and zygomatic process of maxillary; rostrum narrower; upper incisors smaller; nasals shorter; least interorbital width less.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii sennettiandDipodomys ordii compactussee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—Intergradation occurs withDipodomys ordii chapmani,Dipodomys ordii longipes,Dipodomys ordii mediusandDipodomys ordii attenuatus. Only along the Rio Grande near El Paso, Texas, are individuals of a population uniform. On the periphery of the range, specimens from a given locality may resembleD. o. ordiiorD. o. longipesor may be intermediate between these two subspecies.

Animals from the Organ Mountains near Globe Springs, 20 miles north of Cliff, New Mexico, and those labeled with reference to Van Horn, Texas, on the average are darker, have a wider expanse across the auditory bullae, a wider interorbital region and, in most specimens, more distally flared nasals than the norm of other populations. This deviation from the normal is interpreted not as intergradation with any other subspecies but rather as individual variation in a given population.

Specimens from 40 miles southeast of Corona and 10 miles northeast of Socorro, New Mexico, show intergradation betweenD. o. ordiiandD. o. montanusin size of body, configuration of nasals and cranial size. For a discussion of intergradation withD. o. longipes,D. o. mediusandD. o. chapmanisee the remarks in the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens from Cananea and Santa Cruz, Sonora, Casas Grandes Viejo, Chihuahua City and Colonia Diaz, Chihuahua, are not typical ofD. o. ordiibut rather show the influence of some race probably to the southeast that is as yet unknown. In a series of nine specimens from near Casas Grandes Viejo, Chihuahua, four individuals are typicallyD. o. ordii, four resemble an apparently undescribed form and one specimen is intermediate betweenD. o. ordiiand the unnamed subspecies. This unnamed race differs fromD. o. ordiiin having darker pelage, darker dorsal stripe on tail, larger body, wider interorbital region, longer skull, greater breadth across the bullae, less vaulted braincase, more robust zygomatic arches and the foramen magnum more deeply notched on both the dorsal andventral rims. It seems that these animals mentioned above should be referred toD. o. ordiiat least until such time as material becomes available from eastern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila and northeastern Durango.

Specimens examined.—Total, 451, distributed as follows:

Arizona:Gila County: Rice, 2 (USBS).Maricopa County: Marinette, 8 (CAS).Pinal County: Oracle, 4 (USBS).Graham County: 20 mi. NE Calva, 5 (USBS); Fort Grant, 11 (7 USBS; 4 MVZ).Pima County: Ft. Lowell, 3 (DRD); 11-1/2 mi. S Tucson, 1 (MVZ); Continental, 20 (8 USBS; 12 DRD); La Osa, 11 (USNM); Babiquivari Mountains 10 mi. N International Boundary, 1 (DRD).Santa Cruz County: 2 mi. S Tumacacori Mission, 1 (DRD); 7 mi. N Patagonia, 4500 ft., 12 (CAS); 3 mi. N Patagonia, 1 (CAS); Calabasas, 7 (6 USBS; 1 USNM).Cochise County: 8 mi. W Bowie, 1 (LACM); Wilcox, 4163 ft., 25 (12 USBS; 5 UM; 4 MVZ; 4 USNM); 12 mi. SE Dos Cabezos, 2 (UM); 1 mi. WSW Chiricahua National Monument, 5000 ft., 1 (MVZ); Portal, 4500 ft., 2 (USBS); Fairbank, 8 (3 AMNH; 5 CNHM); Mouth Pinery Canyon, 4 (USBS).

New Mexico:Torrance County: Gran Quivira, Mesa Jumanes, 6 (USBS).Catron County: Mangos Valley, 3 (USBS); Alma, 3 (USBS); Pleasanton, 7 (USBS).Socorro County: Gallina Mountains, 1 (USBS); 10 mi. NE Socorro, 2 (USBS); 3 mi. N Socorro, 3 (MVZ); Socerro, 1 (USBS); Range, 2 mi. SW Socerro, 4700 ft., 2 (MVZ); Lava Mesa; S Clyde, 4300 ft., 1 (MVZ); Dry Creek, 3 (USBS); San Augustine Plain, 12 mi. N Monica Springs, 2 (USBS).Lincoln County: Guyo Canyon, 40 mi. SE Corona, 1 (USBS); 4 mi. W Carrizozo, 2 (UM).Grant County: Gila, 5 (USBS); Cactus Flat, 20 mi. N Cliff, 3 (USBS); Cliff, Gila River, 4470 ft., 1 (USBS); Silver City, 2 (USBS); Redrock, 2 (USBS); 9 mi. N Faywood, 2 (USBS); Hachita, 1 (USBS); Dog Spring, 11 (USNM); Deer Creek, Culberson Ranch, 2 (USBS).Sierra County: Fairview, 6500 ft., 1 (USBS); Cuchillo, 4700 ft., 3 (USBS); Lake Valley, 5000 ft., 3 (USBS).Otero County: Tularosa, 5 (USBS); 10 mi. SW Tularosa, 2 (CNHM); Quartz Sands, SW Tularosa, 2 (MVZ); White Sands, 12 mi. W Alamogordo, 1 (MVZ); 2 mi. S Alamogordo, 2 (UM); 3 mi. S Alamogordo, 1 (UM); 5 mi. S Alamogordo, 1 (UM); 9 mi. SW Alamogordo, 1 (UM); 12 mi. SW Alamogordo, 2 (UM); 15 mi. SW Alamogordo, 1 (LACM); White Sands, 18 mi. SW Alamogordo, 7 (MVZ); 19 mi. SW Alamogordo, 3 (UM); White Sands National Monument, 24 (13 CNHM; 11 LACM); 1/2 mi. SW Escondido, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ); Jarilla, 1 (USBS).Hidalgo County: 10 mi. NW Lordsburg, 6 (LACM); 4 mi. NW San Luis Pass, 5200 ft., Animas Valley, 5 (MVZ).Luna County: Deming, 11 (USBS).Dona Ana County: Garfield, 4 (USBS); 6 to 8 mi. NE Las Cruces, 1 (CAS); 15 mi. W Las Cruces, 1 (LACM); 11 mi. W Las Cruces, 2 (CAS); Las Cruces, 3 (USBS); Organ Mountains, near Globe Springs, 2 (USBS); Coe's Ranch, El Paso Road, 35 mi. N El Paso, Texas, 2 (USBS); 1/4 mi. N Strauss, 2 (CAS); 1 mi. E Strauss, 4100 ft., 7 (MVZ); 35 mi. W El Paso, Texas, 2 (USNM); 20 mi. W El Paso, Texas, 1 (USNM); 10 mi. W El Paso, Texas, 1 (USNM); Mexican Boundary, near monument 5, Lat. 31° 47'; Long. 30° 15', 13 (USNM).Eddy County: 3 mi. NW Carlsbad, 7 (MVZ); 2 mi. E Carlsbad, 1 (KU); Eddy, 10 (USBS).

Texas:El Paso County: 3 mi. NE City Limits, El Paso, 3764 ft., 15 (12 MVZ; 3 TCWC); El Paso, 3 (USBS); near El Paso, 7 (USNM).Hudspeth County: 1 mi. NW old Fort Hancock, 3900 ft., 3 (MVZ); Fort Hancock, 4 (USNM); 4 mi. NW Sierra Blanca, 1 (LACM).Culberson County: 35 mi. N Van Horn, 5 (TCWC); 30 mi. N Van Horn, 1 (TCWC); 16 mi. E Van Horn, 3 (TCWC); 16 mi. SE Van Horn, 5 (TCWC); Kent, 1 (USBS).Reeves County: 5 mi. E Toyahvale, 1 (USBS).Jeff Davis County: 14-1/2 mi. S Fort Davis, 2 (UM).Presidio County: 10 mi. NE Marfa, 1 (UM).

Sonora: Nogales, 2 (USNM); Santa Cruz, 4 (USNM); 5 mi. N Cananea, 4750 ft., 4 (MVZ); Alamo Wash, 35 mi. NW Magdalena, 5 (DRD); Sonora, 2 (AMNH).

Chihuahua: 4.3 mi. W Casas Grandes Viejo, 5000 ft., 8 (MVZ); 1.5 mi. W Casas Grandes Viejo, 1 (MVZ); Casas Grandes, 2 (USBS); Gallego, 1 (USBS); Colonia Diaz, 6 (USBS); Las Trincheras, 9 mi. S by road Boquillos de Condios, 4 (MVZ); Santa Rosalia, 6 (USBS); Chihuahua, 7 (USBS); 5 mi. SE Chihuahua, 5250 ft., 4 (MVZ); Corallitos, 4 (1 USBS; 3 MVZ).

Perodipus ordii luteolusGoldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:112, May 23, 1917.

Dipodomys phillipsi ordi,Coues and Allen, Monogr. of N. Amer. Rodentia, p. 541, August, 1877 (part—the part from Niobrara River, Nebraska).

Perodipus montanus richardsoni, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:141, August 17, 1911 (part—the part from Sterling, Colorado).

Dipodomys ordii luteolus,Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2, 1921.

Type.—Male, adult, no. 160408, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.; Casper, Natrona County, Wyoming; obtained on September 2, 1909, by Merritt Cary, original no. 1690.

Range.—Southeastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, northwestern half of Nebraska and southwestern South Dakota; marginal occurrences are: in Wyoming, Casper, Sun and Ft. Steele; in Colorado, Loveland, Hugo and Akron; in Nebraska, Birdwood Creek, Neligh and Valentine; in South Dakota, Batesland and Buffalo Gap.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color light, entire dorsal surface between Light Ochraceous-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff, purest on sides and flanks; upper parts but lightly washed with black; arietiform markings, plantar surfaces of hind feet, pinnae of ears and dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, blackish. Skull medium in size; jugal weak; braincase slightly inflated; nasals slightly flared distally.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii terrosus,D. o. luteolusdiffers as follows: Size smaller, except that tail and ear are longer; color lighter in all pigmented areas; skull smaller in every measurement taken; auditory bullae less inflated; zygomatic processes of maxillae smaller; cutting edge of upper incisors narrower; zygomatic arch weaker.

FromDipodomys ordii priscus,D. o. luteolusdiffers in: Size larger except hind foot which is shorter; dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, plantar surfaces of hind feet, arietiform markings and pinnae of ears, in most specimens, darker; auditory bullae less inflated; nasals shorter; rostrum wider; total length of skull shorter; zygomatic arch weaker; foramen magnum more ovate.

FromDipodomys ordii evexus,D. o. luteolusdiffers as follows: Hind foot longer; color lighter in all pigmented areas; auditory bullae more inflated; pterygoid fossae more expanded laterally; width across maxillary arches less; interorbital region narrower; zygomatic arch weaker; external auditory meatus almost round as opposed to ovoid.

Comparison withDipodomys ordii richardsoniis made in account of that subspecies.

Remarks.—Dipodomys ordii luteolusresemblesD. o. priscusin size and color but can readily be told from it andD. o. richardsoniwhen specimens from the central portions of the ranges of the subspecies are compared. At and near the periphery of the range, especially in that part which adjoins the range ofD. o. richardsoni, intergradation occurs. Specimens from Kennedy, Perch and Neligh, Nebraska, approachD. o. richardsoniin the shape of the pterygoidfossae and nasal bones, but in all other characters they resembleD. o. luteolusto which subspecies they are here referred. Specimens from Loveland and 20 miles east of Avalo, Colorado, show intergradation withD. o. richardsoniin the width of the rostrum and size of the zygomatic arch but are referable toD. o. luteolus.

No specimens here referred toD. o. luteoluswere found to intergrade withD. o. priscus.

Specimens examined.—Total, 250, distributed as follows:

South Dakota:Perkins County: 9 mi. N Bison, 8 (MVZ).Meade County: Smithsville, 2 (USBS).Jackson County: 20 mi. SSE Phillip, in Haakon County, 1 (MVZ).Custer County: Elk Mountain, 1 (MHS); Buffalo Gap, 2 (USNM).Bennett County: Big Spring Canyon, Batesland, 7 (CNHM); Rosebud Indian Agency, 1 (USBS).

Wyoming:Fremont County: 2-1/2 mi. W Shoshoni, 80 (KU); Granite Mountain, 1 (UM).Natrona County: 1 mi. NE Casper, 19 (KU); Casper, 7 (USBS); Sun, 8 (USBS).Converse County: Douglas, 2 (USBS).Niobrara County: Van Tassel Creek, 1 (CM).Carbon County: Fort Steele, 1 (USBS).Goshen County: Rawhide Butte, 1 (USBS).

Nebraska:Sioux County: Warbonnet Canyon, 6 (MHS); Glen, 1 (MHS); Agate, 3 (1 UM; 2 CNHM); Jim Creek, 1 (MHS).Box Butte County: 16 mi. NE Alliance, 4 (UM).Sheridan County: 12 mi. S Gordon, 3 (MVZ); 5 mi. N Antioch, 4 (UM); 4 mi. N Antioch, 3 (UM).Cherry County: Valentine, 9 (6 USBS; 2 USNM; 1 NU); 15 mi. E Gordon, 1 (CNHM); Niobrara River, 3 (USBS); 18 mi. NW Kennedy, 3 (2 USBS; 1 MHS); Valentine Lake Refuge, 1 (NU); Kennedy, 10 (3 MVZ; 5 USBS; 2 USNM); 30 mi. S Wood Lake, 4 (CNHM); Cherry, 7 (NU); near Clark's Canyon, 7 (USBS).Rock County: Perch, 12 (10 AMNH; 2 CNHM).Antelope County: Neligh, 8 (1 USBS; 7 MHS).Scotts Bluff County: Mitchell, 1 (MHS).Hooker County: Kelso, 5 (UM).Thomas County: Halsey, 1 (MHS); Dismal River, 2 (USBS).Custer County: 1 mi. NW Gavin, 6 (2 MVZ; 4 UM); Gavin, 3 (UM); 8 mi. NW Anselmo, 1 (UM); 7 mi. NW Anselmo, 1 (UM).Lincoln County: Birdwood Creek, 2 (USBS); Brady, 4 (NU); Hackberry Lake, 13 (UM).

Colorado:Larimer County: Loveland, 8 (USBS).Weld County: 20 mi. E Avalo, 3 (USBS); 8 mi. E Pawnee Buttes, 1 (USBS); Greeley, 1 (USBS).Morgan County: 30 mi. S Fort Morgan, 1 (UM).Logan County: Sterling, 8 (USBS).Adams County: Barr Lake, 4 (CMNH); 6 mi. E and 1 mi. N Denver, 1 (CMNH); 3 mi. NE Fitzsimons, 1 (CMNH).Washington County: Akron, 2 (UM).Lincoln County: Limon, 1 (USBS); Hugo, 1 (USBS).El Paso County: Colorado Springs, 2 (MVZ).

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