ADVERTISEMENT.

lxxviii:1SeePetrarch de Remed. utriusque fortunae L. 1. Dial. 57.lxxix:1Vide & Curtium, l. 7. &c.lxxx:1De R. R.lxxx:2In agris erant tunc Senatores.Cic.deSenect.lxxx:3Silvae sunt Consule dignae. See this of thePoetInterpreted,Scaliger l. 2. c. 1.Poet.P. Nennius, Sueton. Jul.in Lipsium.Tacit, iv. Annal. 27.concerning theQuæstor’sOffice.lxxxii:1Palissy, le Moyen de devenir Riche.lxxxiii:1Praefat ad P. Silvinum; which I earnestly recommend to the serious perusal of ourGentry.Et mihi ad sapientis vitam proximè videtur accedere.Cic.de Senectute.lxxxv:1Ne silvae quidem, horridiorque naturae facies medicinis carent, sacra illa parente rerum omnium, nusquam non remedia disponente homini ut Medicina, fieret etiam solitudo ipsa, &c. Hinc nata Medicina, &c. Haec sola naturae placuerat esse remedia parata vulgo, inventu facilia, ac sine impendio, ex quibus vivimus, &c. Plin. l. 24. c. 1.lxxxvii:1ConsultHist. Roy. Soc.and theirRegisters.The Laws ofMotion, and the Geometrical streightning ofCurve Lineswere first found out by SirChristopher Wrenand Mr.Thomas Neile.Theequated isocrone Motionof the weight of aCircular Pendulumin aParaboloid, for the regulating ofClocks; and the improvingPocket-WatchesbySpringsapplied to theBallance, were first invented and demonstrated to this Society by Dr.Hooke; together with all thoseNewand usefulInstruments,ContrivancesandExperiments,MathematicalandPhysical, publish’d in hisPosthumous Worksby the most accomplish’d Mr.Waller,Secretaryto theR. Society. And since those the incomparably learned SirIsaac Newton, nowPresidentof theRoyal Society; Mr.Haly, the WorthyProfessorofGeometryin theUniversityofOxford; Dr.Grew, and several more, whose Works and useful Inventions sufficiently celebrate their Merits: I did mention theBarometer, to which might be added the prodigious effects of theSpeculum Ustorium, surpassing what theFrenchpretend to, as confidently, or ratheraudaciously, they do, and to other admirable Inventions, injuriouslyarrogatedbyStrangers, tho’ due of right toEnglishmen, and Members of this Society; but ’tis not the business of this Preface to enumerate all, tho’ ’twas necessary to touch on some Instances.xciii:1Neh. 2. 19.xciii:2Neh. 4. 17.xcvi:1Since thisEpistlewas first written and publish’d theUniversity of Oxfordhave instituted, and erected aSocietyfor the promoting ofNaturalandExperimental Knowledge, in consort with theR. Society, with which they keep a mutual Correspondence: This mention, for that someMalevolentshad so far endeavour’d to possess divers Members of theUniversity; as if theSocietydesign’d nothing less than the undermining of that, and other illustriousAcademies, and which indeed so far prevail’d, as to breed a real Jealousy for some considerable time: But as this was never in the Thoughts of theSociety(which had ever theUniversitiesin greatest Veneration) so the Innocency and Usefulness of its Institution has at length disabus’d them, vindicated their Proceedings, dissipated all Surmises, and, in fine, produced an ingenious, friendly and candid Union and Correspondence between them.

lxxviii:1SeePetrarch de Remed. utriusque fortunae L. 1. Dial. 57.

lxxix:1Vide & Curtium, l. 7. &c.

lxxx:1De R. R.

lxxx:2In agris erant tunc Senatores.Cic.deSenect.

lxxx:3Silvae sunt Consule dignae. See this of thePoetInterpreted,Scaliger l. 2. c. 1.Poet.P. Nennius, Sueton. Jul.in Lipsium.Tacit, iv. Annal. 27.concerning theQuæstor’sOffice.

lxxxii:1Palissy, le Moyen de devenir Riche.

lxxxiii:1Praefat ad P. Silvinum; which I earnestly recommend to the serious perusal of ourGentry.Et mihi ad sapientis vitam proximè videtur accedere.Cic.de Senectute.

lxxxv:1Ne silvae quidem, horridiorque naturae facies medicinis carent, sacra illa parente rerum omnium, nusquam non remedia disponente homini ut Medicina, fieret etiam solitudo ipsa, &c. Hinc nata Medicina, &c. Haec sola naturae placuerat esse remedia parata vulgo, inventu facilia, ac sine impendio, ex quibus vivimus, &c. Plin. l. 24. c. 1.

lxxxvii:1ConsultHist. Roy. Soc.and theirRegisters.The Laws ofMotion, and the Geometrical streightning ofCurve Lineswere first found out by SirChristopher Wrenand Mr.Thomas Neile.Theequated isocrone Motionof the weight of aCircular Pendulumin aParaboloid, for the regulating ofClocks; and the improvingPocket-WatchesbySpringsapplied to theBallance, were first invented and demonstrated to this Society by Dr.Hooke; together with all thoseNewand usefulInstruments,ContrivancesandExperiments,MathematicalandPhysical, publish’d in hisPosthumous Worksby the most accomplish’d Mr.Waller,Secretaryto theR. Society. And since those the incomparably learned SirIsaac Newton, nowPresidentof theRoyal Society; Mr.Haly, the WorthyProfessorofGeometryin theUniversityofOxford; Dr.Grew, and several more, whose Works and useful Inventions sufficiently celebrate their Merits: I did mention theBarometer, to which might be added the prodigious effects of theSpeculum Ustorium, surpassing what theFrenchpretend to, as confidently, or ratheraudaciously, they do, and to other admirable Inventions, injuriouslyarrogatedbyStrangers, tho’ due of right toEnglishmen, and Members of this Society; but ’tis not the business of this Preface to enumerate all, tho’ ’twas necessary to touch on some Instances.

lxxxvii:1ConsultHist. Roy. Soc.and theirRegisters.

The Laws ofMotion, and the Geometrical streightning ofCurve Lineswere first found out by SirChristopher Wrenand Mr.Thomas Neile.

Theequated isocrone Motionof the weight of aCircular Pendulumin aParaboloid, for the regulating ofClocks; and the improvingPocket-WatchesbySpringsapplied to theBallance, were first invented and demonstrated to this Society by Dr.Hooke; together with all thoseNewand usefulInstruments,ContrivancesandExperiments,MathematicalandPhysical, publish’d in hisPosthumous Worksby the most accomplish’d Mr.Waller,Secretaryto theR. Society. And since those the incomparably learned SirIsaac Newton, nowPresidentof theRoyal Society; Mr.Haly, the WorthyProfessorofGeometryin theUniversityofOxford; Dr.Grew, and several more, whose Works and useful Inventions sufficiently celebrate their Merits: I did mention theBarometer, to which might be added the prodigious effects of theSpeculum Ustorium, surpassing what theFrenchpretend to, as confidently, or ratheraudaciously, they do, and to other admirable Inventions, injuriouslyarrogatedbyStrangers, tho’ due of right toEnglishmen, and Members of this Society; but ’tis not the business of this Preface to enumerate all, tho’ ’twas necessary to touch on some Instances.

xciii:1Neh. 2. 19.

xciii:2Neh. 4. 17.

xcvi:1Since thisEpistlewas first written and publish’d theUniversity of Oxfordhave instituted, and erected aSocietyfor the promoting ofNaturalandExperimental Knowledge, in consort with theR. Society, with which they keep a mutual Correspondence: This mention, for that someMalevolentshad so far endeavour’d to possess divers Members of theUniversity; as if theSocietydesign’d nothing less than the undermining of that, and other illustriousAcademies, and which indeed so far prevail’d, as to breed a real Jealousy for some considerable time: But as this was never in the Thoughts of theSociety(which had ever theUniversitiesin greatest Veneration) so the Innocency and Usefulness of its Institution has at length disabus’d them, vindicated their Proceedings, dissipated all Surmises, and, in fine, produced an ingenious, friendly and candid Union and Correspondence between them.

That I have frequently inserted diversHistoricaland other Passages,apposite, agreeable to theSubject(abstaining from a number more which I might have added) let it beremember’dthat I did not altogether compile thisWorkfor the sake of our ordinaryRustics, (meerForestersandWood-men) but for the moreIngenious; the Benefit, and Diversion ofGentlemen, and Persons ofQuality, who often refresh themselves in these agreeableToilsofPlanting, and theGarden: For the rest, I may perhaps in some places have made use of (here and there) aWordnot as yet so familiar to everyReader; butnone, that I know of, which are not sufficientlyexplainedby theContextand Discourse. That this may yet be noprejudiceto themeaner Capacities, let themreadfor

Ablaqueation, laying bare theRoots.Amputation, cutting quite off.Arborator, Pruner, or one that has care of theTrees.Avenue, the principalWalkto theFrontof theHouseorSeat.Bulbs, round orOnion-shap’dRoots.Calcine, burn to Ashes.Compost, Dung.Conservatory, Green-house to keepchoice Plants, &c. in.Contr’espaliere, a Palisade orPole-hedge.CoronaryGarden,Flower-Garden.Culinary, belonging to theKitchin,Roots,Salading, &c.Culture, Dressing.Decorticate, to strip off theBark.Emuscation, cleansing it of theMoss.Esculent, Roots, Salads, &c. fit to eat.Espalieres, Wall-fruit Trees.Exotics, outlandish, rare and choice.Fermentation, working.Fibrous, stringy.Frondation, stripping ofLeaves, andBoughs.Heterogeneous, repugnant.Homogeneous, agreeable.Hyemation, protection inWinter.Ichnography, Ground-plot.Inoculation, budding.Insition, Graffing.Insolation, exposing to theSun.Interlucation, thinning and disbranching of a Wood.Irrigation, Watering.Laboratory, Still-house.Letation, Dung.Lixivium, Lee.Mural, belonging to the Wall.Olitory,Acetary,Salads, &c. belonging to theKitchin-Garden.Palisade, Pole-hedge.Parterre, Flower-Garden, orKnots.Perennial, continuing all the year.Quincunx, Trees set like theCinque-pointof aDy.Rectifie, re-distil.Seminary, Nursery.Stercoration, Dunging.S. S. S.Stratum super Stratum, one bed, or layer upon another.Tonsile, that which may be shorn, or clip’d.Topiary-works, theclipping,cuttingandformingofHedges, &c. intoFiguresand Works.Vernal, belonging to theSpring, &c. The rest areobvious.

1. TheFrench Gard’ner, III.Edition,Twelves, with Mr.Rose’s Vineyard.

2.Fumi-fugium: Or, AProphetic Invectiveagainst theSmokeofLondon.Quarto.

3.Silva: Or, ADiscourse of Forest-Trees, &c. the IVthEdition, very muchimprov’d.Folio.

4.Kalendarium Hortense, both inFolioandOctavo. The XthEdition, muchaugmented.

5.Sculptura: Or, TheHistoryofChalcographyandEngravinginCopper, theOriginalandProgressof thatArt, &c.Octavo.

6. TheParallelofArchitecture, being an Account ofTenfamousArchitects, with aDiscourseof theTerms, and aTreatiseofStatues.Folio.2dEdition.

7. TheIdeaof thePerfectingofPainting.Octavo.

8.NavigationandCommerce, theirOriginalandProgress.Octavo.

9.Publick Employmentand anActive Life, prefer’d toSolitudeand itsAppanages, &c.Octavo.

10.Terra: Or, APhilosophicalDiscourse ofEarth, the IIIdEdition.FolioandOctavo.

11.Numismata, aDiscourseofMedals; to which is added, ADigressionconcerningPhysiognomy.Folio.

12.Acetaria: Or, A Discourse ofSallets. 2dEdition.

Namingthe last Discourse (save one) I take this Opportunity to acquit my self of someOmissionsandMistakes, left out in theErrataofNumismata; but, upon discovery, immediately after, notify’d, and reform’d in the nextPhilosophical Transactionsof that Month.

Fare age quid causae est quod tuSilvestriapangis,InterSilvanos, capripedesqueDeos?InterHamadryadaslaetus,Dryadasquepudicas,Cum tuaCyrrhæissitChelysapta modis!Scilicet hoc cecinit numerosusHoratiusolim,Scriptorum SilvamquodChorus Omnis amat.Est locus ille SacerMusis, & Apollinedignus,Prima dedit summoTemplasacrandaJovi.Hinc quoque nunc PontemPontusnon respuit ingens,StringiturOceanus, corripiturque Salum.Hinc novusHesperiisemersit mundus in oris,cii:1Effuditque auri flumina larga probi.Hinc exundavit distentoCopia cornu,Qualem &Amalthæænon habuere sinus.Silvatibi curae est, grata &PomonarefunditAuriferum, roseum, purpureumquenemus.Illa famemque sitimque abigens expirat odores,Quales necMedus, nec tibi mittitArabs.Ambrosiam praebent modo coctaCydonia. TantumComprime, NectareoPomaliquore fluunt.Progredere,O Sæcli Cultormemorande futuri,FelixHorticolamsic imitere Deum.

cii:1Gen. 1.c.2.

Ausus laudato qui quondam reddere versu,Æternum & tentare melos, conamine magnoLucretînomenque suum donaverat aevo:Ille leves atomos audaci pangere musaAggreditur, variis & semina caeca figuris,Naturaeque vias: non quæ Schola garrula jactat,Non quae rixanti fert barbara turbaLyaeo:Ingentes animi sensus, & pondera rerum,Grandior expressit Genius, nec scripta minoraEv’linumdecuisse solent.Tuque per obscuros (victorBoylæe) recessus,Naturae meditaris opus, qua luce coloresciii:1Percipimus, quali magnus ferit organa motuCartesius, quali volitant primordia plexuEx atomis,Gassende, tuis; simulacraque rerumDiffugiunt tacito vastum per inane meatu:Mutato varios mentitur lana coloresLumine; dum tales ardens habet ipse figurasPurpura, Sidonioque aliae tinxere veneno:Materiam assiduo variatam, utProtea, motuConcipis, hinc formae patuit nascentis origo,Hinc hominum species, & vasti machina caeli:ciii:2Ipse creare deus, solusque ostendere mundumBoylæuspotuit, sed nunc favet aemula virtus,(MagneEveline) tibi, & generosos excitat ignes:Pergite,Scipiadæ duo, qui vet milleMaronesObruitis, longo & meriti lassatis honore.Tu vero dilecte nimis! qui stemmate ab altoPatricios deducis avos, cerasque parentumWottonicæciv:1de stirpe domus; virtutibus aequasNunc generis monumenta tui, post taedia pontiInnumerasque errore vias, quidSequanafallax,Hostilis quaeRhenusagit, quaeTibris, &Ister,Nota tibi: triplici quid perfidaRomacoronaGessit, &Adriaca Venetusdeliberat arce,QualiaqueOdrysiasvexârunt prælia lunas.Hic qui naturae interpres & sedulus artisCultor, qui mores hominum cognovit, & urbes:DumPhœbocomes ire parat, mentemque capacemVidit uterque polus, necGrajumcana vetustasHunc latuit; veterum nunc prisca numismata regumEruit, &Latiasper mystica templa ruinas:Æstimat ille forum, & vasti fundamina Circi,Cumque ruinosoCapitoliaprisca theatro,Et dominos colles altaeque palatiaRomæ:Regales notat inde domos, ut mole superbaSurgat apex, molles quae tecta imitanturIonas,civ:2QualiaRomulea,Gothicaquae marmora dextra,QuicquidTuscushabet, mira panduntur ab arte.O famae patriaeque sacer! vel diruta chartisVivetRomatuis; te vindice, laetaCorinthusStabit adhuc, magno nequiquam invisaMetello.Nunc quoquerurisopes dulcesque ante omnia curasPandis ovans; tristes maneat quae curaDecembres;PleiadeshaecHyadesquejubent, haec laetaBootesSemina mandat humi, atque ardenti haecSiriusagroCœpit ut aestiva segetes torrere favilla,HocMaiivernantis opus, dum florea sertaInvitant Dominas ruris, dum vere tepentiRidet ager, renovatque suosNarcissusamores.Haud aliter victrix divinamÆneidavatesLusit opus, simul & gracili modulatus avena,Fata decent majora tuos,Eveline, triumphos,Æternum renovatur honos, te nulla vetustasObruet, atque tua servanda volumina cedroDurent, & meritam cingat tibi laurea frontemQui vitamSilvisdonasti &Floribus ævum.

Tuque per obscuros (victorBoylæe) recessus,Naturae meditaris opus, qua luce coloresciii:1Percipimus, quali magnus ferit organa motuCartesius, quali volitant primordia plexuEx atomis,Gassende, tuis; simulacraque rerumDiffugiunt tacito vastum per inane meatu:Mutato varios mentitur lana coloresLumine; dum tales ardens habet ipse figurasPurpura, Sidonioque aliae tinxere veneno:Materiam assiduo variatam, utProtea, motuConcipis, hinc formae patuit nascentis origo,Hinc hominum species, & vasti machina caeli:ciii:2Ipse creare deus, solusque ostendere mundumBoylæuspotuit, sed nunc favet aemula virtus,(MagneEveline) tibi, & generosos excitat ignes:Pergite,Scipiadæ duo, qui vet milleMaronesObruitis, longo & meriti lassatis honore.

Tu vero dilecte nimis! qui stemmate ab altoPatricios deducis avos, cerasque parentumWottonicæciv:1de stirpe domus; virtutibus aequasNunc generis monumenta tui, post taedia pontiInnumerasque errore vias, quidSequanafallax,Hostilis quaeRhenusagit, quaeTibris, &Ister,Nota tibi: triplici quid perfidaRomacoronaGessit, &Adriaca Venetusdeliberat arce,QualiaqueOdrysiasvexârunt prælia lunas.Hic qui naturae interpres & sedulus artisCultor, qui mores hominum cognovit, & urbes:DumPhœbocomes ire parat, mentemque capacemVidit uterque polus, necGrajumcana vetustasHunc latuit; veterum nunc prisca numismata regumEruit, &Latiasper mystica templa ruinas:Æstimat ille forum, & vasti fundamina Circi,Cumque ruinosoCapitoliaprisca theatro,Et dominos colles altaeque palatiaRomæ:Regales notat inde domos, ut mole superbaSurgat apex, molles quae tecta imitanturIonas,civ:2QualiaRomulea,Gothicaquae marmora dextra,QuicquidTuscushabet, mira panduntur ab arte.O famae patriaeque sacer! vel diruta chartisVivetRomatuis; te vindice, laetaCorinthusStabit adhuc, magno nequiquam invisaMetello.

Nunc quoquerurisopes dulcesque ante omnia curasPandis ovans; tristes maneat quae curaDecembres;PleiadeshaecHyadesquejubent, haec laetaBootesSemina mandat humi, atque ardenti haecSiriusagroCœpit ut aestiva segetes torrere favilla,HocMaiivernantis opus, dum florea sertaInvitant Dominas ruris, dum vere tepentiRidet ager, renovatque suosNarcissusamores.

Haud aliter victrix divinamÆneidavatesLusit opus, simul & gracili modulatus avena,Fata decent majora tuos,Eveline, triumphos,Æternum renovatur honos, te nulla vetustasObruet, atque tua servanda volumina cedroDurent, & meritam cingat tibi laurea frontemQui vitamSilvisdonasti &Floribus ævum.

R. Bohun.

ciii:1Libro de coloribus.ciii:2De origine formarum.civ:1De Wotton in agro Surriensi.civ:2Consule librum Auctoris de Architectura.

ciii:1Libro de coloribus.

ciii:2De origine formarum.

civ:1De Wotton in agro Surriensi.

civ:2Consule librum Auctoris de Architectura.

Ὑμνήσω φρονίμοιο πατρὸς μελέεσσιν ἐπαίνους,ὑμνήσω ἐπέεσσιν ἀριστεύοντα γεωργῶν·οὐρανίην ταναῆς ἀρετὴν δρυὸς αὐτὸς ἔγραψεν,καὶ ποταπῶν γενεὴν δένδρων κατὰ δάσκιον ὕλην.ἀθανάτων κύδιστος ἔη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,ἔσχεν δὴ δένδροιο φίλαις πραπίδεσσιν ἐέλδωρ,φύλλοις τ' ἀμβροσίοις θαλερᾶς δρυὸς ἐστεφάνωτο·Ἀγγλιακῶν ὃς ἄριστος ἔη θεοείκελος ἀνήρ,ἱστορίην δένδρων τέλεσεν φρεσὶ κυδαλίμοισι,ὑλογενής κηπουρὸς ὑπείροχος, ὃς μέγ' ὄνειαρἀνδράσιν ἐσσομένοις κατὰ γαίην πουλυβότειραν,νηυσί τε ποντοπόροισι βαρυγδούποιο θαλάσσης.

Jo. Evelyn, Fil.

Inever had any other Desire so strong, and so like to Covetousness as that one which I have had always, That I might be Master at last of a small House and large Garden, with very moderate Conveniencies joined to them, and there dedicate the remainder of my Life only to the Culture of them, and study of Nature,

And there (with no Design beyond my Wall) whole and entire to lie,In no unactive Ease, and no unglorious Poverty;

Or asVirgilhas said, shorter and better for me, that I might thereStudiis florere ignobilis otî(though I could wish that he had rather said,Nobilis otii, when he spoke of his own:) But several accidents of my ill Fortune have disappointed me hitherto, and do still of that Felicity; for though I have made the first and hardest step to it, by abandoning all Ambitions and Hopes in this World, and by retiring from the noise of all Business and almost Company; yet I stick still in the Inn of a hired House and Garden, among Weeds and Rubbish; and without that pleasantest Work of Human Industry, the Improvement of somethingwhich we call (not very properly, but yet we call) our own. I am gone out fromSodom, but I am not yet arrived at my littleZoar:O let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my Soul shall live.I do not look back yet: but I have been forced to stop, and make too many halts. You may wonder, Sir, (for this seems a little too extravagant and Pindarical forProse) what I mean by all this Preface; it is to let you know, That though I have mist, like a Chymist, my great End, yet I account my Affections and Endeavours well rewarded by something that I have met with by the bye; which is, that they have procur’d to me some part in your Kindness and esteem; and thereby the honour of having my Name so advantagiously recommended to Posterity, by theEpistleyou are pleased to prefix to themost useful Bookthat has been written in that kind, and which is to last as long as Months and Years.

Among many otherArtsandExcellencieswhich you enjoy, I am glad to find this Favourite of mine the most predominant, That you choose this for your Wife, though you have hundreds of other Arts for your Concubines; though you know them, and beget Sons upon them all, (to which you are rich enough to allow great Legacies) yet the issue of this seems to be design’d by you to the main of the Estate; you have taken most pleasure in it, and bestow’d most Charges upon its Education; and I doubt not to see that Book, which you are pleased to promise to the World, and of which you have given us a large earnest in your Calendar, as accomplish’d, as any thing can be expected from anExtraordinary Application, and no ordinary Expences, and a long Experience. I know no body that possesses more private Happiness thanyou do in your Garden; and yet no Man who makes his Happiness more publick, by a free communication of the Art and Knowledge of it to others. All that I my self am able yet to do, is only to recommend to Mankind the search of that Felicity, which you instruct them how to find and to enjoy.

1.Happy art thou whom God does blessWith the full choice of thine own Happiness;And happier yet, because thou’rt blestWith Prudence how to choose the best:In Books and Gardens thou hast plac’d aright(Things well which thou dost understand,And both dost make with thy laborious hand)Thy noble innocent delight:And in thy virtuous Wife, where thou again dost meetBoth Pleasures more refin’d and sweet:The fairest Garden in her Looks,And in her Mind the wisest Books.Oh! who would change these soft, yet solid Joys,For empty Shows and senseless Noise;And all which rank Ambition breeds,Which seem such beauteous Flowers, and are such poisonous Weeds?2.When God did Man to his own Likeness make,As much as Clay, though of the purest kind,By the great Potters Art refin’d,Could the Divine Impression take:He thought it fit to place him, whereA kind of Heav’n too did appear,As far as Earth could such a likeness bear:That Man no Happiness might want,Which Earth to her first Master could afford;He did a Garden for him plantBy the quick hand of his Omnipotent Word.As the chief Help and Joy of Humane Life,He gave him the first Gift; first, ev’n before a Wife.3.For God, the universal Architect,’T had been as easie to erectA Louvre, or Escurial, or a Tower,That might with Heav’n communication holdAsBabelvainly thought to do of old:He wanted not the skill or power,In the World’s Fabrick those were shown,And the Materials were all his own.But well he knew what place would best agreeWith Innocence, and with Felicity:And we elsewhere still seek for them in vain,If any part of either yet remain;If any part of either we expect,This may our judgement in the search direct;God the first Garden made, and the first City,Cain.4.O blessed Shades! O gentle cool retreatFrom all th’ immoderate Heat,In which the frantick World does burn and sweat!This does the Lion Star, Ambitions rage;This Avarice, the Dog-Stars Thirst asswage;Every where else their fatal Power we see,They make and rule Man’s wretched Destiny:They neither set, nor disappear,But tyrannize o’er all the Year;Whil’st we ne’er feel their Flame or Influence here.The Birds that dance from Bough to Bough,And sing above in every Tree,Are not from Fears and Cares more free,Than we who lie, or walk below,And should by right be Singers too.What Princes Quire of Musick can excelThat which within this Shade does dwell?To which we nothing pay or give,They like all other Poets live,Without Reward, or Thanks for their obliging Pains;’Tis well if they become not Prey:The Whistling Winds add their less artful Strains,And a grave Base the murmuring Fountains play;Nature does all this Harmony bestow,But to our Plants, Arts, Musick too,The Pipe, Theorbo, and Guitar we owe;The Lute it self, which once was Green and Mute:WhenOrpheusstruck th’ inspired Lute,The Trees danc’d round, and understoodBy Sympathy the Voice of Wood.5.These are the Spells that to kind Sleep invite,And nothing does within resistance make,Which yet we moderately take;Who wou’d not choose to be awake,While he’s incompass’d round with such delight,To th’ Ear, the Nose, the Touch, the Taste, and Sight?WhenVenuswou’d her dearAscaniuskeepA Pris’ner in the downy Bands of Sleep,She od’rous Herbs and Flowers beneath him spreadAs the most soft and sweetest Bed;Not her own Lap would more have charm’d his Head.Who, that has Reason, and his Smell,Would not among Roses and Jasmin dwell,Rather than all his Spirits choakWith Exhalations of Dirt and Smoak?And all th’ uncleanness which does drownIn pestilential Clouds a pop’lous Town?The Earth it self breaths better Perfumes here,Than all the Female Men or Women there,Not without cause about them bear.6.WhenEpicurusto the World had taught,That Pleasure was the Chiefest Good,(And was perhaps i’th’ right, if rightly understood)His Life he to his Doctrine brought,And in a Gardens Shade that Sovereign Pleasure sought.Whoever a true Epicure would be,May there find cheap and virtuous Luxury.Vitelliushis Table, which did holdAs many Creatures as the Ark of old:That Fiscal Table, to which every dayAll Countries did a constant Tribute pay,Could nothing more delicious afford,Than Natures Liberality,Helpt with a little Art and Industry,Allows the meanest Gard’ners board.The wanton Taste no Fish or Fowl can choose,For which the Grape or Melon she would loose,Though all th’ Inhabitants of Sea and AirBe listed in the Gluttons Bill of Fare;Yet still the Fruits of Earth we seePlac’d the third Story high in all her Luxury.7.But with no Sense the Garden does comply;None courts or flatters, as it does the Eye:When the greatHebrewKing did almost strainThe wond’rous Treasures of his Wealth and Brain,His Royal Southern Guest to entertain;Though she on Silver Floors did tread,With brightAssyrianCarpets on them spread,To hide the Metals Poverty:Though she look’d up to Roofs of Gold,And nought around her could beholdBut Silk and rich Embroidery,AndBabylonianTapistry,And wealthyHiram’sPrincely Dy:ThoughOphirsStarry Stones met every where her Eye;Though she her self and her gay Host were drestWith all the shining Glories of the East;When lavish Art her costly work had done,The honour and the Prize of BraveryWas by the Garden from the Palace won;And every Rose and Lilly there did standBetter attir’d by Natures hand:The case thus judg’d against the King we see,By one that would not be so Rich, though Wiser far than he.8.Nor does this happy place only dispenseSuch various Pleasures to the Sense,Here Health it self does live,That Salt of Life which does to all a relish give,Its standing Pleasure, and intrinsick Wealth,The Bodies Virtue, and the Souls good Fortune, Health.The Tree of Life, when it inEdenstood,Did its Immortal Head to Heaven rear;It lasted a tall Cedar till the Flood;Now a small thorny Shrub it does appear;Nor will it thrive too every where:It always here is freshest seen;’Tis only here an Ever-green.If through the strong and beauteous FenceOf Temperance and Innocence,And wholesome Labours, and a quiet Mind,Diseases Passage find,They must not think here to assailA Land unarmed, or without a Guard;They must fight for it, and dispute it hard,Before they can prevail:Scarce any Plant is growing hereWhich against Death some Weapon does not bear.Let Cities boast, that they provideFor Life the Ornaments of Pride;But ’tis the Country and the Field,That furnish it with Staff and Shield.9.Where does the Wisdom and the Power DivineIn a more bright and sweet Reflection shine?Where do we finer Strokes and Colours seeOf the Creator’s real Poetry,Than when we with attention lookUpon the third days Volume of the Book?If we could open and intend our Eye,We all likeMosesshould espyEv’n in a Bush the radiant Deity.But we despise these his inferior ways,(Though no less full of Miracle and Praise)Upon the Flowers of Heaven we gaze;The Stars of Earth no wonder in us raise,Though these perhaps do more than they,The Life of Mankind sway.Although no part of mighty Nature beMore stor’d with Beauty, Power, and Mystery;Yet to encourage human Industry,God has so ordered, that no other PartSuch Space, and such Dominion leaves for Art.10.We no where Art do so triumphant see,As when it Grafts or Buds the Tree;In other things we count it to excel,If it a Docile Scholar can appearTo Nature, and but imitate her well;It over-rules, and is her Master here.It imitates her Makers Power Divine,And changes her sometimes, and sometimes does refine:It does, like Grace, the fallen Tree restoreTo its blest State of Paradise before:Who would not joy to see his conquering handO’er all the vegetable World command?And the wild Giants of the Wood receiveWhat Law he’s pleas’d to give?He bids th’ ill-natur’d Crab produceThe gentle Apples Winy Juice;The golden Fruit that worthy isOfGaletea’s purple Kiss;He does the savage Hawthorn teachTo bear the Medlar and the Pear,He bids the rustick Plumb to rearA noble Trunk, and be a Peach,Ev’nDaphnesCoyness he does mock,And weds the Cherry to her stock,Though she refus’dApollo’s suit;Ev’n she, that chast and Virgin-treeNow wonders at her self, to seeThat she’s a Mother made, and blushes in her fruit.11.Methinks I see GreatDiocletianwalkIn theSalonianGardens noble Shade,Which by his own Imperial hands was made:I see him smile, methinks, as he does talkWith the Ambassadors, who come in vainT’ entice him to a Throne again:If I, my Friends (said he) should to you showAll the Delights, which in these Gardens grow;’Tis likelier much, that you should with me stay,Than ’tis that you should carry me away:And trust me not, my Friends, if every day,I walk not here with more delight,Than ever after the most happy fight,In Triumph to the Capitol I rod,To thank the gods, and to be thought my self almost a god.

Happy art thou whom God does blessWith the full choice of thine own Happiness;And happier yet, because thou’rt blestWith Prudence how to choose the best:In Books and Gardens thou hast plac’d aright(Things well which thou dost understand,And both dost make with thy laborious hand)Thy noble innocent delight:And in thy virtuous Wife, where thou again dost meetBoth Pleasures more refin’d and sweet:The fairest Garden in her Looks,And in her Mind the wisest Books.Oh! who would change these soft, yet solid Joys,For empty Shows and senseless Noise;And all which rank Ambition breeds,Which seem such beauteous Flowers, and are such poisonous Weeds?

When God did Man to his own Likeness make,As much as Clay, though of the purest kind,By the great Potters Art refin’d,Could the Divine Impression take:He thought it fit to place him, whereA kind of Heav’n too did appear,As far as Earth could such a likeness bear:That Man no Happiness might want,Which Earth to her first Master could afford;He did a Garden for him plantBy the quick hand of his Omnipotent Word.As the chief Help and Joy of Humane Life,He gave him the first Gift; first, ev’n before a Wife.

For God, the universal Architect,’T had been as easie to erectA Louvre, or Escurial, or a Tower,That might with Heav’n communication holdAsBabelvainly thought to do of old:He wanted not the skill or power,In the World’s Fabrick those were shown,And the Materials were all his own.But well he knew what place would best agreeWith Innocence, and with Felicity:And we elsewhere still seek for them in vain,If any part of either yet remain;If any part of either we expect,This may our judgement in the search direct;God the first Garden made, and the first City,Cain.

O blessed Shades! O gentle cool retreatFrom all th’ immoderate Heat,In which the frantick World does burn and sweat!This does the Lion Star, Ambitions rage;This Avarice, the Dog-Stars Thirst asswage;Every where else their fatal Power we see,They make and rule Man’s wretched Destiny:They neither set, nor disappear,But tyrannize o’er all the Year;Whil’st we ne’er feel their Flame or Influence here.The Birds that dance from Bough to Bough,And sing above in every Tree,Are not from Fears and Cares more free,Than we who lie, or walk below,And should by right be Singers too.What Princes Quire of Musick can excelThat which within this Shade does dwell?To which we nothing pay or give,They like all other Poets live,Without Reward, or Thanks for their obliging Pains;’Tis well if they become not Prey:The Whistling Winds add their less artful Strains,And a grave Base the murmuring Fountains play;Nature does all this Harmony bestow,But to our Plants, Arts, Musick too,The Pipe, Theorbo, and Guitar we owe;The Lute it self, which once was Green and Mute:WhenOrpheusstruck th’ inspired Lute,The Trees danc’d round, and understoodBy Sympathy the Voice of Wood.

These are the Spells that to kind Sleep invite,And nothing does within resistance make,Which yet we moderately take;Who wou’d not choose to be awake,While he’s incompass’d round with such delight,To th’ Ear, the Nose, the Touch, the Taste, and Sight?WhenVenuswou’d her dearAscaniuskeepA Pris’ner in the downy Bands of Sleep,She od’rous Herbs and Flowers beneath him spreadAs the most soft and sweetest Bed;Not her own Lap would more have charm’d his Head.Who, that has Reason, and his Smell,Would not among Roses and Jasmin dwell,Rather than all his Spirits choakWith Exhalations of Dirt and Smoak?And all th’ uncleanness which does drownIn pestilential Clouds a pop’lous Town?The Earth it self breaths better Perfumes here,Than all the Female Men or Women there,Not without cause about them bear.

WhenEpicurusto the World had taught,That Pleasure was the Chiefest Good,(And was perhaps i’th’ right, if rightly understood)His Life he to his Doctrine brought,And in a Gardens Shade that Sovereign Pleasure sought.Whoever a true Epicure would be,May there find cheap and virtuous Luxury.Vitelliushis Table, which did holdAs many Creatures as the Ark of old:That Fiscal Table, to which every dayAll Countries did a constant Tribute pay,Could nothing more delicious afford,Than Natures Liberality,Helpt with a little Art and Industry,Allows the meanest Gard’ners board.The wanton Taste no Fish or Fowl can choose,For which the Grape or Melon she would loose,Though all th’ Inhabitants of Sea and AirBe listed in the Gluttons Bill of Fare;Yet still the Fruits of Earth we seePlac’d the third Story high in all her Luxury.

But with no Sense the Garden does comply;None courts or flatters, as it does the Eye:When the greatHebrewKing did almost strainThe wond’rous Treasures of his Wealth and Brain,His Royal Southern Guest to entertain;Though she on Silver Floors did tread,With brightAssyrianCarpets on them spread,To hide the Metals Poverty:Though she look’d up to Roofs of Gold,And nought around her could beholdBut Silk and rich Embroidery,AndBabylonianTapistry,And wealthyHiram’sPrincely Dy:ThoughOphirsStarry Stones met every where her Eye;Though she her self and her gay Host were drestWith all the shining Glories of the East;When lavish Art her costly work had done,The honour and the Prize of BraveryWas by the Garden from the Palace won;And every Rose and Lilly there did standBetter attir’d by Natures hand:The case thus judg’d against the King we see,By one that would not be so Rich, though Wiser far than he.

Nor does this happy place only dispenseSuch various Pleasures to the Sense,Here Health it self does live,That Salt of Life which does to all a relish give,Its standing Pleasure, and intrinsick Wealth,The Bodies Virtue, and the Souls good Fortune, Health.The Tree of Life, when it inEdenstood,Did its Immortal Head to Heaven rear;It lasted a tall Cedar till the Flood;Now a small thorny Shrub it does appear;Nor will it thrive too every where:It always here is freshest seen;’Tis only here an Ever-green.If through the strong and beauteous FenceOf Temperance and Innocence,And wholesome Labours, and a quiet Mind,Diseases Passage find,They must not think here to assailA Land unarmed, or without a Guard;They must fight for it, and dispute it hard,Before they can prevail:Scarce any Plant is growing hereWhich against Death some Weapon does not bear.Let Cities boast, that they provideFor Life the Ornaments of Pride;But ’tis the Country and the Field,That furnish it with Staff and Shield.

Where does the Wisdom and the Power DivineIn a more bright and sweet Reflection shine?Where do we finer Strokes and Colours seeOf the Creator’s real Poetry,Than when we with attention lookUpon the third days Volume of the Book?If we could open and intend our Eye,We all likeMosesshould espyEv’n in a Bush the radiant Deity.But we despise these his inferior ways,(Though no less full of Miracle and Praise)Upon the Flowers of Heaven we gaze;The Stars of Earth no wonder in us raise,Though these perhaps do more than they,The Life of Mankind sway.Although no part of mighty Nature beMore stor’d with Beauty, Power, and Mystery;Yet to encourage human Industry,God has so ordered, that no other PartSuch Space, and such Dominion leaves for Art.

10.

We no where Art do so triumphant see,As when it Grafts or Buds the Tree;In other things we count it to excel,If it a Docile Scholar can appearTo Nature, and but imitate her well;It over-rules, and is her Master here.It imitates her Makers Power Divine,And changes her sometimes, and sometimes does refine:It does, like Grace, the fallen Tree restoreTo its blest State of Paradise before:Who would not joy to see his conquering handO’er all the vegetable World command?And the wild Giants of the Wood receiveWhat Law he’s pleas’d to give?He bids th’ ill-natur’d Crab produceThe gentle Apples Winy Juice;The golden Fruit that worthy isOfGaletea’s purple Kiss;He does the savage Hawthorn teachTo bear the Medlar and the Pear,He bids the rustick Plumb to rearA noble Trunk, and be a Peach,Ev’nDaphnesCoyness he does mock,And weds the Cherry to her stock,Though she refus’dApollo’s suit;Ev’n she, that chast and Virgin-treeNow wonders at her self, to seeThat she’s a Mother made, and blushes in her fruit.

11.

Methinks I see GreatDiocletianwalkIn theSalonianGardens noble Shade,Which by his own Imperial hands was made:I see him smile, methinks, as he does talkWith the Ambassadors, who come in vainT’ entice him to a Throne again:If I, my Friends (said he) should to you showAll the Delights, which in these Gardens grow;’Tis likelier much, that you should with me stay,Than ’tis that you should carry me away:And trust me not, my Friends, if every day,I walk not here with more delight,Than ever after the most happy fight,In Triumph to the Capitol I rod,To thank the gods, and to be thought my self almost a god.

Abraham Cowley.

Chertsea, Aug 16, 1666.

1. It is not my intention here to speak of earth, as one of the common reputed elements; of which I have long sincepublish’dan ample account, in an express Treatise (annexed to this volume,) which I desire my reader to peruse; since it might well commute for the total omission of this chapter, did not method seem to require something briefly to be said: Which first, as to that of earth, we shall need at present to penetrate no deeper into her bosom, than after paring of the turfe, scarrifiying the upper-mould, and digging convenient pits and trenches, not far from the natural surface, without disturbing the several strata and remoter layers, whether of clay, chalk, gravel, sand, or other successive layers, and concrets fossil, (tho’ all of them useful sometimes, and agreeable to our foresters;) tho’ few of them what one would chuse before the under-turfe, black, brown, gray, and light, and breaking into short clods, and without any disagreeable scent, and with some mixture of marle or loame, but not clammy; of which I have particularly spoken in that Treatise.

2. In the mean time, this of the soil, (which I think is a more proper term for composts) or mould rather, being of greater importance for the raising, planting, and propagation of trees in general, must at no hand be neglected, and is therefore on all occasions mentioned in almost every chapter of our ensuing discourse; I shall therefore not need to assign it any part, when I have affirm’d in general, that most timber-trees grow and prosper well in any tolerable land which will produce corn or rye, and which is not in excess stony; in which nevertheless there are some trees delight; or altogether clay, which few, or none do naturally affect; and yet the oak is seen to prosper in it, for its toughness preferr’d before any other by many workmen, though of all soils the cow-pasture doth certainly exceed, be it for what purpose soever of planting wood. Rather therefore we should take notice how many great wits and ingenious persons, who have leisure and faculty, are in pain for improvements of their heaths and barren Hills, cold and starving places, which causes them to be neglected and despair’d of; whilst they flatter their hopes and vain expectations with fructifying liquors, chymical menstruums, and such vast conceptions; in the mean time that one may shew them as heathy and hopeless grounds, and barren hills as any in England, that do now bear, or lately have born woods, groves, and copses, which yield the owners more wealth, than the richest and most opulent wheat-lands: and if it be objected that ’tis so long a day before these plantations can afford that gain; the Brabant Nurseries, and divers home-plantations of industrious persons are sufficient to convince the gain-sayer. And when by this husbandry a fewacorns shall have peopl’d the neighbouring regions with young stocks and trees; the residue will become groves and copses of infinite delight and satisfaction to the planters. Besides, we daily see what course lands will bear these stocks (suppose them oaks, wall-nuts, chess-nuts, pines, firr, ash, wild-pears, crabs, &c.) and some of them (as for instance the pear and the firr or pine) strike their roots through the roughest and most impenetrable rocks and clefts of stone it self; and others require not any rich or pinguid, but very moderate soil; especially, if committed to it in seeds, which allies them to their mother and nurse without renitency or regret: And then considering what assistances a little care in easing and stirring of the ground about them for a few years does afford them: What cannot a strong plow, a winter mellowing, and summer heats, incorporated with the pregnant turf, or a slight assistance of lime, loam, sand, rotten compost, discreetly mixed (as the case may require) perform even in the most unnatural and obstinate soil? And in such places where anciently woods have grown, but are now unkind to them, the fault is to be reformed by this care; and chiefly, by a sedulous extirpation of the old remainders of roots, and latent stumps, which by their mustiness, and other pernicious qualities, sowre the ground, and poyson the conception; and herewith let me put in this note, that even an over-rich, and pinguid composition, is by no means the proper bed either for seminary or nursery, whilst even the natural soil it self does frequently discover and point best to the particular species, though some are for all places alike: Nor should the earth be yet perpetually crop’d with the same, or other seeds, withoutdue repose, but lie some time fallow to receive the influence of heaven, according to good husbandry. But I shall say no more of these particulars at this time, because the rest is sprinkl’d over this whole work in their due places; wherefore we hasten to the following title; namely, the choice and ordering of the seeds.

3. Chuse your seed of that which is perfectly mature, ponderous and sound; commonly that which is easily shaken from the boughs, or gathered about November, immediately upon its spontaneous fall, or taken from the tops and summities of the fairest and soundest trees, is best, and does (for the most part) direct to the proper season of interring, &c. according to institution.

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