Agriculture,228,229,230,231,367Alarm-clocks,304Alatna River,70Albert the pilot,60Allakaket,190-195Alphabet,69Amundsen,292,392Animals, wild,257,276,277,298,405Anthropologists,270Arctic Ocean,97,98Army posts: economic value,151discipline and life,217frequent changes,217surgeons,218Arthur,158,163Athabascan language,349Atler,170,171Auroras,46,380-391Baker Creek Springs,155Bathing,85Beaver City,345Bering Sea,129Betticher, C. E.,254Bettles,54,56,63Black fox,258,362Blizzard,40Blossom Cape,103,106Blow-holes,13Bluff,126Bompas, Bishop,283Brook, Alfred,309Burke, Dr.,158,167,169,187Caching,17,20,70,335Camp: making details,41,42,43night made,91devices,243in wet snow,302Camp-Robbers,335,299,300Candle,102Candles,108,109Caribou,107,409Carter, Miss,184Chandalar: River,26,27,35village,27,28,29,34Gap,36,37Chatanika River,4,6,8Chena,156,249,250Chief Isaac,263Chinnik,127Choris Peninsula,106Circle City,11,20,290Clearwater Creek,256Clothes: drying,42,53moose hide,202,203tuberculosis,306,362missions,363Coal,92,93Coldfoot,47,48,49Cook, Dr.,405Cooking: camp dishes,43cleanliness,85bear meat,168by relays,209for dog,397Council,116Creepers,111Cribbage,124Death Valley,112,113Denali (Mt. McKinley),225,305Deputy marshals,365Development schemes,410,411Diphtheria,28,29,32,287,313Disease: epidemic,6;cf.diphtheria,measles,tuberculosisDishkaket,332Disinfectants,32Dogs: price of,4frozen toes,8sled,20,25,45beds,42food,44,407harness,45tails,45fight,93digging up snow,110helpless on smooth ice,113conscience,115on fish food,115with reindeer,119,120refuse to lead,125preference for land trails,129intelligence,139,156;cf.Nanookstrength,174dislike wet feet,178cost of boarding,181in trail making,200in soft weather,213suffering on steep trails,214companionship,223moccasin leggings,224houses,232,237play,234intelligence,234,237sleeping,235thieving,236partners of man,238working life,239frozen foot,253with no coat,275and Indians,291howling,303,304stray,320,321general characteristics,392-402cost of maintenance,396ill used by whites,397Eagle,285Eagle Summit,10,11Education: spread of English,23,24phonograph,52scientific,58novel methods,80ignorance of native language,81artificial methods,131mission,132,355Egbert Fort,286Endicott Mountains,62Esquimaux: sense of humour,51,87isolated,62huts,70as hunters,75prayers,82music,82morality,83industry,86Sabbatarianism,88sense of distance,91fish eating,92gut windows,94devoutness,95sleeping customs,95undemonstrativeness,95igloos,96non-alcoholic,99tobacco,99hospitality,106carving,124singing,130attitude of white men toward,134snow goggles,146kindly manners,182antipathy to Indians,185,265superstitions,191,269Fairbanks,156,249,250,251,252,253,382Farthing, Miss,244,246,247,248Fish Creek,297Forts: Alaskan,342Fortymilers,280Fortymile River,281,282Gambling,279Game,257,277,325,368,369,406Gold train,5Greek Church,310,322Grenfell, Dr.,402Grimm, Charles,56Half-breeds,315,316,318,319Hamlin, Fort,342Hammond River,47Hans,102,103,105Hip-ring,226Hobo, the frozen,134,135Hogatzitna,76Horses,409,410,411Hospitality,cf.EsquimauxandIndians,49Hot Springs,227,228Hotham Inlet,96Hudson Bay Company,21,22Husky,392Ice: glare,9rubber,9,179,180blow-holes,13bluffs,79mining,126,160,161jam,167breaking,170way to determine holding capacity,179Iditarod City,294,295,296,297,327Igloo,96,106Indians: civilized,24uncivilized,25religion,30language,141trade with,152,153diminishing,153,154disease,154relations with whites,173dancing and sports,189preparation for death,190effect of civilization,192,193lack of initiative,197demoralization,216,278,279birth-rate and death-rate,217,218best education for,245women teachers,246,247kindliness,254traders,258hospitality,261,303missions,263,279not savages,264fear of Esquimaux,265peaceable,266not idolators,267Christianity,268,270moral character,285pauperization,288,289cruelty to dogs,291effect of reproof,292self-government,293whites,293epidemics,308,312,313at mercy of traders,311half-breed,315and whites,317,318meat carriers,332carving,334general discussion of,348-370and photographs,378Interpreters,154,155,186Jackson, Dr. S.,402Jade Mountains,89Jetté, Fr.,140,141John River,62Journalism,250Kikitaruk,98,102Knapp,100Kobuk: River,63,76Mountains,74missionary,80town,182Kobuks,51Kotzebue,106,107Sound,63,97,102Koyukuk: River,39,40,48,52,65,384Cañon,52deserted towns,65Indians,158,142mission,183Krusenstern,97Kuskokwim River,322,323Lamps,34Langdon, Captain,288Launch, motor,158,159,160,161,163Lewis Cut-Off,333Lingo,51,115,239London, Jack,265Long Beach,84,88Lookout Mountain,61Loomis, Dr.,296Lower ramparts,219Lunar: phenomena,18,157eclipse,78Lynx,405MacDonald, Archdeacon,22,23,30,31Magistrates,364Mail carrying,215,331Malamute,392Mal-de-raquet,201Mansfield Lake,271Matches,243Measles,312Medicine men,246,247,267,268Melozitna,209Menthol balm,201Meteorological: phenomena, heat radiation,55rain, rare in winter,134local weather changes,144variable climate in Alaska,188cause of fluctuating temperature readings,195,196Minchúmina,307,308Lake,303Mining: towns and camps,5,6,11,12,47,48,65,251,252town morality,83,84,328,354luxurious life,108,122fires,116,330on beach,123in ice,126decayed,221,222,223,284primitive methods,281,282claims,295flimsy buildings,328morals,329services in,330missionaries,331agriculture,366Mirage,90Mission stations: schools,355,358clothing,363,369isolated,369Missionary: nurse,33methods,69,81,84,194,195,307Moccasins,7Money,64Moses' Village,