Advance GuardCard No. 3Director’s Key1. Conduct the class to the place where the situation is to be taken up for solution.2. Hand out Situation No. 3. Read Situation aloud.3. Explain why Situation is taken up at this point instead of five miles farther on.4. Proceed with problem: Elements of the advance guard; strength and disposition of the elements of the advance guard; connecting files; flank protection.5. Explain flank patrols.6. Make sketch of road showing the formation of the advance guard.
Advance GuardCard No. 3
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
1. Conduct the class to the place where the situation is to be taken up for solution.
2. Hand out Situation No. 3. Read Situation aloud.
3. Explain why Situation is taken up at this point instead of five miles farther on.
4. Proceed with problem: Elements of the advance guard; strength and disposition of the elements of the advance guard; connecting files; flank protection.
5. Explain flank patrols.
6. Make sketch of road showing the formation of the advance guard.
The class is now conducted to the point selected for the next tactical situation. This should be several hundred yards in advance of the point where Situation No. 3 was staged. The slips bearing Situation No. 4 are passed out to members of the class.
Situation No. 4:
You, Sergeant Roberts, have arrived at this point. The two leading men of the point (Crane and Hanson)are about 25 yards ahead of you. The remaining members of the point are on the road behind you. At this moment both Crane and Hanson take cover and point in the direction of ——. You join them and observe about a squad of the enemy on foot (moving around in the woods—describe just what the enemy is doing). They apparently have just arrived and have not seen you. Several horses are being led to the rear.
Required:
What do you, Sergeant Roberts, do?
The Director reads the situation aloud and points out the location of the enemy.
The Director: “Now, I want each member of the class to consider himself as being Sergeant Roberts. The incidents contained in the situation have transpired just as indicated. You were marching along the road; you saw Crane and Hanson take cover and point in the direction of the enemy; you joined them here; you see the enemy (explain what the enemy is doing). It is now up to you to make a decision as to what you are going to do and proceed to do it. Before going into the solution of the problem I want to make a few remarks on the conduct of the operations of a point.
“The real work of the advance guard begins when it gets in contact with the enemy. All formation and all operations are designed to insure success when this event happens. The point is the first element thatmeets the enemy and success or failure may depend upon what is done by this small body. The big idea is that we must get the jump on the enemy. We must lead and make him follow. In other words, we must take the offensive for it is only by offensive action that military success is gained.
“The commander of the point of an advance guard must be on the lookout for the enemy all the time. He must continually look ahead and dope out what he is going to do if the enemy should suddenly appear in this or that place.
“Sergeant Roberts has been doing this very thing and the proper action is plain to him. Let us see if it is plain to you.”
The Director: “Captain Harvey, when you saw Crane and Hanson take cover, what is the first thing you would have done?”
Captain Harvey: “I would join Crane and Hanson immediately just as the situation indicates.”
The Director: “Would you have done anything before going forward?”
Captain Harvey: “Well, sir, I would want to see for myself just what is going on before I took any definite action.”
The Director: “Would you have done anything else, Captain Hodges?”
Captain Hodges: “Yes, sir. I would have signaled the rest of the point ‘DOWN’ so as to give them warning that the enemy is in sight. I will tell Pendleton ‘Signal back. Enemy in sight,’ because Lieutenant W will want to know immediately why the point has halted, and this will give him the information.Then I would go to the front and join Crane and Hanson.”
The Director: “Those are the points I wanted to bring out. You see them, Captain Harvey, do you not?”
Captain Harvey: “Yes, sir.”
The Director: “Now, Captain Harvey, let us take up your solution again. Let us say that you have joined Crane and Hanson. Just what are you going to do?”
Captain Harvey: “I would open fire on the enemy immediately. Then get the rest of the point up and have them join in the firing.”
The Director: “Do you agree with that procedure, Captain Hodges?”
Captain Hodges: “Not entirely, sir. I appreciate the necessity for opening fire right away so as to get the jump on the enemy, but I think we should get as many rifles up as possible before opening fire and disclosing our position to the enemy. I would try to get the whole point in position to fire before opening up, if I could. I would first make provision for Crane and Hanson to open fire by giving them firing data: ‘Range: —— yards. Target: enemy at (describe location of target briefly). Hold your fire.’ I would then signal the other members of the point to come up and, as they arrive, indicate the location of the target and announce the range to them.”
Captain Jones: “That solution seems to me to be all right if the enemy will remain inactive until all of this is done, but suppose he does not do so. Suppose he discovers us. Suppose he opens fire himself. Suppose he starts to retreat. Suppose he keeps coming along towards us.”
Captain Hodges: “I am coming to all of that. I would keep the enemy under observation. If he does anything that should cause us to open fire before all of the squad is up, I would open up with every rifle that is in position to fire. I would take no chances on the enemy getting the jump on me. It will only take a minute or two to get the men into position, and I think I am justified in delaying that long.”
Captain Jones: “I would make mighty certain that I did not wait too long before opening fire.”
The Director: “I think Captain Jones is right in his contentions, but I agree with Captain Hodges’ solution to get as many men as possible up on the line before opening fire. Of course, if the enemy does anything that would warrant opening fire before all the men are up, it should be done.”
The Director: “The advantage of waiting until all the rifles are on the line is that, as soon as these men are fired on, they will probably try to make their get-away. They will furnish a target for only a few seconds. If our point can inflict sufficient casualties, they may fall back and abandon the attempt at further reconnaissance, especially if they can down the patrol leader. If the leading men of the point open fire, by the time the last man gets up, the enemy will be well under way and there will be no target to fire at. If the enemy returns the fire, they at once reveal themselves, and Sergeant Roberts will do well to be seeking out other detachments in the vicinity. A reconnoitering patrol does not fire on an occasion of this kind unless it is surprised and forced to do so inself-defense. It has a much better chance of accomplishing its mission of securing information by avoiding combat. If this small body of the enemy open fire, it may be reasonably assumed that they are being backed up by other troops or have accomplished their mission of finding out the strength and composition of our forces and have turned themselves into a fighting patrol and open fire to delay us and thus give information to their own troops that we are advancing in force. If they immediately try to make a get-away, it will indicate that they are a reconnoitering patrol and will probably try to work around to the flanks of the column to get information of our main body. On the other hand, they will know that we are not a reconnoitering patrol as soon as we open fire. They know that we are backed up by other troops.
“You now see the elements involved in this simple situation. You see the responsibility that devolves upon non-commissioned officers when they are placed in the position of Sergeant Roberts. To know what to do and how to do it requires training and close attention to detail. Probably any of us could blunder through a situation of this kind, but it takes a man trained in military tactics to make his decisions quickly, to act upon them promptly and take advantage of the fleeting moments to inflict damage on the enemy. These are the things that we study to become proficient in. These are the things that we must teach our non-commissioned officers if we are to have confidence in their ability to meet tactical situations that confront them, with judgment and decision. And there is no royal road to success along this line. The knowledge required can be attained only by thorough study and practice.”
Solution
The Director: “Lieutenant Baker, suppose the enemy does something which, in your judgment, requires fire to be opened before the whole point is up and in position, would you join in the firing yourself?”
Lieutenant Baker: “No, sir. I would not. I estimate that I would have plenty to do to direct the fire of the other men; to search the country to see if any other parties of the enemy were in our front, and to keep the advance party commander advised of what is going on at the front.”
The Director: “Lieutenant Barney, let us assume that you were able to get all of the men on the line before opening fire and were able to open as a surprise to the enemy. He takes cover and returns the fire. What further action would you take?”
Lieutenant Barney: “I would keep on firing. I would signal the advance party commander to send up some reinforcements.”
The Director: “Do you agree with that solution, Lieutenant Hunt?”
Lieutenant Hunt: “No, sir. I would go after him. I cannot run him out of his position by fire action alone. I would immediately start filtering my men forward while keeping up a heavy fire with the other man.”[7]
The Director: “Captain Hall, give us Sergeant Roberts’ solution to the situation.”
Captain Hall: “I will signal the members of thepoint ‘Down,’ and tell Pendleton to signal the advance party commander ‘Enemy in sight.’ I will then join Crane and Hanson. I will locate the enemy, give Crane and Hanson firing data and order them to hold their fire. I will signal the other members of the point to come up, and as they arrive on the line I will give them the range and indicate the target. When all are ready I will open fire on the enemy. Should the enemy do anything to warrant it I will open fire immediately, with all the rifles on the line. I will search the landscape for other parties of the enemy. As soon as I open fire I will take steps to advance and close with the enemy and drive him off.”[8]
The members of the class should not be required to make a written solution to this situation.
After all questions have been answered the class is ready to proceed to the solution of the next situation.
Advance GuardCard No. 4Director’s Key1. Conduct the class to the point where the situation is to be taken up for solution.2. Hand out Situation No. 4. Read situation aloud and explain it. Explain action of point, when enemy encountered.3. Solution: Signal Down. Information to advance party commander. Join leading men. When open fire. Firing data.4. Explain action of reconnoitering and fighting patrols. Necessity for the training of N. C. O.’s.5. Solution of problem.
Advance GuardCard No. 4
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
1. Conduct the class to the point where the situation is to be taken up for solution.
2. Hand out Situation No. 4. Read situation aloud and explain it. Explain action of point, when enemy encountered.
3. Solution: Signal Down. Information to advance party commander. Join leading men. When open fire. Firing data.
4. Explain action of reconnoitering and fighting patrols. Necessity for the training of N. C. O.’s.
5. Solution of problem.
Procedure
The Director now passes out slips, bearing Situation No. 5, to the members of the class.
Situation No. 5:
When the point opened fire the enemy retreated under cover of the woods (or such cover as is actually available). They did not return the fire. You, Sergeant Roberts, observe two riderless horses galloping through the woods.
Required:
What action do you take?
When the members of the class have had a chance to get their bearings the Director reads the situation aloud and points out the direction in which the enemy retreated and where the riderless horses are at this time.
The Director: “Lieutenant Williams, what is your estimate of the enemy?”
Lieutenant Williams: “I should say he forms a reconnoitering patrol sent out to secure information about our movements. He has not yet gained the information he desires or he would have given us a fight. Again, had he been the advance element of a larger body he would have engaged our point and by now we would begin to see evidences of the troops following him.”
The Director: “Is there any member of the classwho does not agree with the views just expressed?”
Captain Hastings: “I agree with them in the main, but it seems to me that the enemy would have opened fire if for no other purpose than to make trouble for us and cause delay to our troops.”
The Director: “We must always give the enemy credit for being up to his job. The moment we opened fire the leader of that patrol knew that he had encountered a fighting element of our forces. If he stops to engage in a fight, he knows that every minute that passes makes it just that much more difficult for him to make his get-away. He knows that we are going to close on him right away and he will not get the information he has been sent out to secure. You must always remember that a reconnoitering patrol does not fight except when it is forced to do so in self-defense, or when it has secured all the information it wants, has sent it back, and then turns itself into a fighting patrol to delay the advance of the enemy. Are there any other points to bring up about the mission of the enemy?
“Lieutenant Wallace, you are assumed to be Sergeant Roberts. What do you do now?”
Lieutenant Wallace: “I would form up my point in the original order of march and move out along the road. We would take up the double-time until we get our proper distance.”
The Director: “Would you do anything else?”
Lieutenant Wallace: “I would send two members of the point out to the place where the enemy was to see if we could get an identification.”
The Director: “Do you agree with that procedure, Lieutenant Ralston?”
Lieutenant Ralston: “Our battalion commander would want an identification if it is possible to get one, and it seems to me that something should be done at once to secure it.”
The Director: “I agree with you entirely that an identification is desirable, but it is not the job of the point to get it. Members of the point do not go off on excursions to the flank. They keep plugging along on the line of march. If flank patrols are to be sent out, they must come from the advance party or the support. I cannot conceive of any circumstances that would warrant sending two members of the point off on patrol duty. Now, Lieutenant Ralston, assuming that it is desirable to get an identification, what would you, as point commander, do?”
Lieutenant Ralston: “I would send a message back to Lieutenant Wallace, who is with the advance party.”
The Director: “By whom would you send this message?”
Lieutenant Ralston: “By Private Bailey, the rear man of the point.”
The Director: “Now state the exact message that you would send back.”
Lieutenant Ralston: “I would fall back to where Bailey is marching. I would say to him:
“‘Bailey, you go back to Lieutenant Wallace. Tell him that we fired on an enemy reconnoitering patrol of about one squad. Show him where they were. Tell him that they did not return the fire. That when we opened fire they withdrew. That there are probably two dead or wounded men in the woods. Rejoin the point when you can.’
“I would then double-time up to the point. As I pass Corporal Smith I would say: ‘Watch for signals from the advance party.’”
Captain Harvey: “That solution seems to be all right, but don’t you think Lieutenant Wallace would come forward to the point when it halted? In that case he would know all about the situation, and it would not be necessary to send the message back to him.”
The Director: “I am very glad you brought up that point, Captain Harvey. No; I do not think Lieutenant Wallace would leave his advance party at such a critical moment. In my opinion it would be absolutely wrong if he did. In the first place, he has no business up with the point. Sergeant Roberts is either capable of handling it or he is not so. If he is, he should be let alone to solve his own problem; if he is not capable, he should be relieved. On advance guard duty the commander of each element will have plenty to do if he sticks to his own job and does not go molesting that of someone else.”
The class should now be conducted 200 or 300 yards farther along the road. It is here halted and the Director states: The point has now gotten into formation and is continuing the advance. A message has been sent back to the advance party commander as indicated in our solution a few minutes ago. At this moment you see about six mounted men of the enemy off in that direction (points out the location toward the flank).
Solution
The Director: “Captain Hodges, how do you size up the situation now?”
Captain Hodges: “I estimate that the mounted men are the survivors of the patrol that we fired on. They are working around to the flank of the column to secure information of the strength and composition of our main body. Having this information, it is my job to get it back to the advance party commander as soon as possible in order that proper measures may be taken to beat off the enemy patrol and keep him from getting the information he wants. I would send a verbal message back by Alley, who is marching just behind me in the point.”
The Director: “Now, let us assume that I am Private Alley. Give me the message that you would send back.”
Captain Hodges: “I would fall back to where Alley is marching, and as we walk along say to him:
“‘You see those mounted men over there? They are the patrol we fired on. Go back to Lieutenant W and show him where you saw them. Tell him they are working around our flank to get in touch with the main body. Come back to the point when you can.’”
The Director: “I think that will cover the situation. Are there any questions?”
Advance GuardCard No. 5Director’s Key1. Hand out slips bearing situation No. 5. Read situation and point out places mentioned.2. Estimate of situation. Reconnoitering patrol. Action of enemy.3. Action taken by point commander. Get point in formation and on road.4. Sending out patrol from point.5. Message to advance party commander. State message.6. State verbally problem re enemy on the flank. Make solution. Send message back to Lieutenant W.
Advance GuardCard No. 5
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
1. Hand out slips bearing situation No. 5. Read situation and point out places mentioned.
2. Estimate of situation. Reconnoitering patrol. Action of enemy.
3. Action taken by point commander. Get point in formation and on road.
4. Sending out patrol from point.
5. Message to advance party commander. State message.
6. State verbally problem re enemy on the flank. Make solution. Send message back to Lieutenant W.
The slips bearing Special Situation No. 6 are passed out to the members of the class.
Situation No. 6:
You, Lieutenant W, with the advance party, have arrived at this point. Private Alley comes to you with a message from Sergeant Roberts and points out the place where the enemy was a few minutes ago. You already have the message from Sergeant Roberts delivered by Private Bailey.
Required:
What action do you, Lieutenant W, take?
The Director reads the situation and explains that each member of the class is to now consider himself as being Lieutenant W.
The Director: “Captain Jones, what would you do under the circumstances?”
Captain Jones: “In the first place, the enemy’s patrol is trying to work around our flank to get in touch with our main body. The question to my mind is: Is it the job of the advance party to try and prevent this? We can hardly be expected to send patrols from the advance party so far afield. It will require a patrol of at least a squad, and probably two of them, to accomplish such a mission. It would seem to me that the task should be left to the support. I would, therefore, get word back to the advance guard commander of what is going on and he would send out the necessary patrols. In the next place, it will be necessary to investigate the place where the enemy was when our point fired on him and secure an identification if possible. This is close-in reconnaissance and may be undertaken by the advance party. I would send a patrol of three men under a corporal for the purpose.”
The Director: “How would you get the message back to Captain A?”
Captain Hodges: “Private Alley has been with the point. He has seen all that has taken place up there. I would send him back with the message to Captain A. In order that Sergeant Roberts may know what action is being taken I would send Bailey to him with a message.”
Captain Jones: “Would you make these written or verbal messages?”
Captain Hodges: “They would be verbal messages.”
Explanation
The Director: “This is a point I want to bring out. The platoon commander will seldom have time to write messages. He must depend upon his men, and especially his runners, to see for themselves what is going on so that when it is desired to send information back all the platoon commander has to do is to turn to one of his runners, give him a few words of a message, and the runner is off to make his report. He will not only carry the message, but he will give accurate information of what is going on. The careful training of runners will repay the trouble in large dividends when the time comes.
“In the present situation I think it would be well for Lieutenant F to send one of his trained runners back to the captain with Private Bailey so that he can hear the captain’s orders and see just what he does to meet the situation. The runners will then return to Lieutenant W and tell him about it.”
The Director: “Now, Captain Hodges, let us assume that you are going to send Private Alley back with the message; just what instructions would you give him?”
Captain Hodges: “I would say to Private Alley:
“‘You go back to the captain. Repeat your message to him. Tell him about what happened at the point during the halt. Tell him I am sending a patrol to investigate the place where the enemy was fired on.’
“I would adopt the Director’s suggestion and send one of my runners with Private Alley. I would say to him:
“‘You go with Private Alley to the captain. See what he does to meet the situation, hear his orders, and bring back information of all this to me.’”
The Director: “That appears to cover the situation very well. Lieutenant Baker, what message would you send to Sergeant Roberts?”
Lieutenant Baker: “I would say to Private Bailey, who was present when I gave Private Alley his instructions:
“‘Go to Sergeant Roberts and tell him what I have done to meet the situation.’”
The Director: “Let us assume that you have selected Corporal Jansen as the patrol commander to investigate the place where the enemy was fired on. Corporal Jansen has reported to you. What orders do you give him, Captain Hall?”
Captain Hall: “As we march along I would say to Corporal Jansen:
“‘You have heard the message just brought back by Private Bailey. Take the front rank of your squad and reconnoiter the edge of that wood (pointing). An enemy identification is especially desired. Report the facts to the battalion commander when he comes up. Rejoin the advance party when you can.’”
The Director: “I think these orders cover the situation admirably. I hope you all now appreciate the multitude of little problems that come up for solution in the course of a tour of advance guard duty.”
Advance GuardCard No. 6Director’s Key1. Hand out slips bearing Situation No. 6. Explain that each man is now to consider himself as being Lieutenant W.2. Discussion of enemy patrol. Reconnaissance from advance party—from support.3. Messages sent back by Sergeant Roberts.4. Relay messages to Captain A.5. Training of runners and messengers.6. Messages of Lieutenant W to Captain A and Sergeant Roberts.7. Orders for patrol to investigate place where enemy was fired on.
Advance GuardCard No. 6
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
1. Hand out slips bearing Situation No. 6. Explain that each man is now to consider himself as being Lieutenant W.
2. Discussion of enemy patrol. Reconnaissance from advance party—from support.
3. Messages sent back by Sergeant Roberts.
4. Relay messages to Captain A.
5. Training of runners and messengers.
6. Messages of Lieutenant W to Captain A and Sergeant Roberts.
7. Orders for patrol to investigate place where enemy was fired on.
The class is now conducted along the route of march, for a distance of several hundred yards, to a place where entirely new terrain is available and where the lay of the land is such that a march outpost may be established.
The class is halted and the Director passes out the slips bearing Situation No. 7.
Situation No. 7:
It is assumed that the advance guard has been marching for two hours since the march was resumed after the enemy patrol was encountered. During this time enemy scouts have been observed from time to time, but they have not attempted to interfere with the march of the column.
You, Captain A, are marching at the head of the support. When you arrive at this point the signal “HALT” is received from the rear. You halt and relay the signal forward. A moment later the battalionadjutant joins you and states: “The column will halt for one hour. The major directs that the advance guard provide for the security of the command for that time.”
Required:
What action do you, Captain A, take?
The Director reads the situation aloud and makes any explanation that may appear to him to be necessary.
The Director: “When a column on the march halts for any considerable length of time the advance guard continues its covering duty by forming march outposts. These are simply patrols sent out to the front and flanks, a certain distance, where they halt and remain there until ordered to continue the march or until they are recalled.
“The advance party usually furnishes these patrols which are sent out on the routes by which the enemy may approach. The support is posted at some central point from which it may readily reinforce any group that may be threatened by the enemy.
“In a situation like this the question always comes up as to how the advance guard commander will issue his orders for the establishment of the march outposts—that is, whether he will do it by a message to the several elements or whether he will issue an order and have copies made and sent out.
“If the message system is employed, the advance guard commander will have to include the new informationof the enemy and our own troops and give the order to the element. All of this is accomplished by issuing a simple five paragraph order and sending it out. This is more expeditious than message writing. The commander has all the information he requires, and he is given definite instructions as to what he, himself, is to do. The order method is favored.”
The Director: “Captain Hall, how do you size up the situation?”
Captain Hall: “The mission of the advance guard now is to continue to provide protection to the main body by establishing a march outpost. Enemy scouts have been observed from time to time, but they have not interfered with the march. We have no information regarding any considerable force of the enemy.
“Our main body is halted and will remain so for at least an hour. Our advance guard is so disposed that it will be able to take up its new formation without confusion. The advance party can cover the main road and, in general, the head of the column. Our patrols, of which I assume there are two on the exposed flank, will form march outguards and protect that flank. I would send out another patrol of one squad to cover the other flank and prevent enemy scouts from working around there and observing the main body.
“My decision is to form a march outpost.”
The Director: “What Captain Hall has said constitutes Captain A’s ‘Estimate of the Situation.’ These are the points that would flash through his mind as soon as he gets the information that the haltis to be made. Lieutenant Barry, what is now necessary to put the decision into effect?”
Lieutenant Barry: “It is necessary to issue an order.”
The Director: “How would you go about this?”
Lieutenant Barry: “I would assemble the two platoon commanders, the platoon sergeants and the first sergeant, and have them write down my order in their message books. This would give me a sufficient number of copies for all purposes.”
The Director: “This shows the necessity for a company commander having some means whereby several copies of an order may be made by a duplicating process—carbon paper. I believe the plan of having the first sergeant or a clerk carry a duplicating book would solve the problem. Now, Lieutenant Hunt, you may dictate Captain A’s order.”
Lieutenant Hunt: “In order to save a repetition and at the same time let all of the company with the support know what is going on I would have the men give me their attention. My order would be:
“‘There is no further information of the enemy. Our battalion halts for one hour.
“‘The advance guard will establish march outposts.
“‘The advance party will be posted on the main road and cover the head of the column.
“‘The two flank patrols on the —— flank will be posted as march outguards and cover that flank.
“‘Sergeant Hamilton with the Fourth Squad, 2nd Platoon, will establish a march outguard on the —— flank in the vicinity (point out location) and cover the—— flank of the column. The support will be posted here.
“‘Messages to Support.’”
The Director: “That seems to cover the situation. Now, how would you get this order out to all the people to whom it should go?”
Lieutenant Hunt: “I would send it to Lieutenant W by a runner. I would send it out to the flank patrols by the section guide of the 3rd Platoon and direct him to make an inspection of the dispositions out there so as to make sure they are in position to carry out their mission. I would send it to the battalion commander by a runner.”
The Director: “So much for the distribution of the order. What would you do now, Lieutenant Barry?”
Lieutenant Barry: “I would now see that Sergeant Hamilton gets started on his mission, and then I would post sentinels at the support to watch out for signals from the various detachments that are out.”
The Director: “I believe that would meet the situation very well.”
The Director: “Before terminating this Terrain Exercise I want to invite the attention of the members of the class to the multitude of small details that infantry commanders have to attend to in a problem so simple as the one we have had under consideration today. Let us suppose we have an active and aggressive enemy opposing our advance, and you can see how these details would multiply. The point I want to bring up is that, unless officers and non-commissioned officers prepare themselves for this dutyby study and practice, they have not a chance of being able to meet these problems intelligently in active service. You must know what to do under any given situation, and you must know how to go about doing it. The commander who hesitates, gives his orders and then changes them several times, soon loses the confidence of his men and will eventually find himself replaced by another man who has taken advantage of his opportunities to learn the game and has the ability to carry it out. The best way I know of to acquire this knowledge is by actual practice along the lines that we have gone today.”
Advance GuardCard No. 7Director’s Key1. Hand out slips bearing Situation No. 7. Read situation and make any necessary explanations.2. Explain what advance guard does when the column halts. State relative advantages and disadvantages of message and order systems.3. Estimate of the situation, mission, enemy, own troops, plans of action, decision.4. Captain A’s orders. Five-paragraph order. Distribution of order.5. Remarks on necessity for study and practice.
Advance GuardCard No. 7
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
Director’s Key
1. Hand out slips bearing Situation No. 7. Read situation and make any necessary explanations.
2. Explain what advance guard does when the column halts. State relative advantages and disadvantages of message and order systems.
3. Estimate of the situation, mission, enemy, own troops, plans of action, decision.
4. Captain A’s orders. Five-paragraph order. Distribution of order.
5. Remarks on necessity for study and practice.