National Legislative Council—last held 6 September 1987 (next to be held September 1992); results—MPR is the only party; seats—(210 total) MPR 210
Communists: no Communist party
Member of: ACP, AfDB, APC, CCC, CIPEC, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77,GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador (vacant), Charge d'Affaires MUKENDI Tambo a Kabila; Chancery at 1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 234-7690 or 7691; US—Ambassador William C. HARROP; Embassy at 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa (mailing address is APO New York 09662); telephone 243o (12) 25881 through 25886; there is a US Consulate General in Lubumbashi
Flag: light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
- Economy Overview: In 1988, in spite of large mineral resources and one of the most developed and diversified economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, Zaire had a GDP per capita of $195, one of the lowest on the continent. Agriculture, a key sector of the economy, employs 75% of the population but generates under 30% of GDP. The main impetus for economic development has been the extractive industries. Mining and mineral processing account for about one-third of GDP and two-thirds of total export earnings. During the period 1983-88 the economy experienced slow growth, high inflation, a rising foreign debt, and a drop in foreign exchange earnings. Recent increases in foreign prices for copper—a key export earner—and other minerals offer some hope of reversing the economic decline. Zaire is the world's largest producer of diamonds.
GDP: $6.5 billion, per capita $195; real growth rate 2.8% (1988)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 82% (1988)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $856 million; expenditures $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $655 million (1988)
Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—copper 37%, coffee 24%, diamonds 12%, cobalt, crude oil; partners—US, Belgium, France, FRG, Italy, UK, Japan
Imports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels; partners—US, Belgium, France, FRG, Italy, Japan, UK
External debt: $8.6 billion (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: 2,574,000 kW capacity; 5,550 million kWh produced, 160 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: mining, mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, and cigarettes), processed foods and beverages, cement, diamonds
Agriculture: cash crops—coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; food crops—cassava, bananas, root crops, corn
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $998 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $6.0 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $263 million
Currency: zaire (plural—zaire); 1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta
Exchange rates: zaire (Z) per US$1—465.000 (January 1989), 381.445 (1989), 187.070 (1988), 112.403 (1987), 59.625 (1986), 49.873 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
- Communications Railroads: 5,254 km total; 3,968 km 1.067-meter gauge (851 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-meter gauge; 136 km 0.615-meter gauge; 1,025 km 0.600-meter gauge
Highways: 146,500 km total; 2,550 km bituminous, 46,450 km gravel and improved earth; remainder unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 15,000 km including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes
Pipelines: refined products 390 km
Ports: Matadi, Boma, Banana
Merchant marine: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 41,802 GRT/60,496DWT; includes 1 passenger cargo, 3 cargo
Civil air: 38 major transport aircraft
Airports: 312 total, 258 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 71 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: barely adequate wire and radio relay service; 31,200 telephones; stations—10 AM, 4 FM, 18 TV; satellite earth stations—1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 14 domestic
- Defense ForcesBranches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Logistics Corps,Special Presidential Division
Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,970,619; 4,057,561 fit for military service
Defense expenditures: $67 million (1988)——————————————————————————Country: Zambia- GeographyTotal area: 752,610 km2; land area: 740,720 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries: 5,664 km total; Angola 1,110 km, Malawi 837 km,Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zaire 1,930 km,Zimbabwe 797 km
Coastline: none—landlocked
Maritime claims: none—landlocked
Disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled
Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower potential
Land use: 7% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 47% meadows and pastures; 27% forest and woodland; 19% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Note: landlocked
- PeoplePopulation: 8,112,782 (July 1990), growth rate 3.2% (1990)
Birth rate: 49 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: - 6 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 80 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Life expectancy at birth: 55 years male, 58 years female (1990)
Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1990)
Nationality: noun—Zambian(s); adjective—Zambian
Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, 1.1% European, 0.2% other
Religion: 50-75% Christian, 1% Muslim and Hindu, remainder indigenous beliefs
Language: English (official); about 70 indigenous languages
Literacy: 75.7%
Labor force: 2,455,000; 85% agriculture; 6% mining, manufacturing, and construction; 9% transport and services
Organized labor: about 238,000 wage earners are unionized
- GovernmentLong-form name: Republic of Zambia
Type: one-party state
Capital: Lusaka
Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern,Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Independence: 24 October 1964 (from UK; formerly Northern Rhodesia)
Constitution: 25 August 1973
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Leaders: Chief of State—President Dr. Kenneth David KAUNDA (since 24 October 1964);
Head of Government—Prime Minister Gen. Malimba MASHEKE (since 15 March 1989)
Political parties and leaders: only party—United NationalIndependence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda
Suffrage: universal at age 18
Elections: President—last held 26 October 1988 (next to be held October 1993); results—President Kenneth Kaunda was reelected without opposition;
National Assembly—last held 26 October 1988 (next to be held October 1993); results—UNIP is the only party; seats—(136 total, 125 elected) UNIP 125
Communists: no Communist party
Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU,NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Paul J. F. LUSAKA; Chancery at 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-9717 through 9721; US—Ambassador Jeffrey DAVIDOW; Embassy at corner of Independence Avenue and United Nations Avenue, Lusaka (mailing address is P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka); telephone 2601o 214911
Flag: green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
- Economy Overview: Despite temporary growth in 1988, the economy has been in decline for more than a decade with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties stem from a sustained drop in copper production and ineffective economic policies. In 1988 real GDP stood only slightly higher than that of 10 years before, while an annual population growth of more than 3% has brought a decline in per capita GDP of 25% during the same period. A high inflation rate has also added to Zambia's economic woes in recent years.
GDP: $4.0 billion, per capita $530; real growth rate 6.7% (1988)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 55.7% (1988)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $570 million; expenditures $939 million, including capital expenditures of $36 million (1988 est.)
Exports: $1,184 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco; partners—EC, Japan, South Africa, US
Imports: $687 million (c.i.f., 1988); commodities—machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures; partners—EC, Japan, South Africa, US
External debt: $6.9 billion (December 1989)
Industrial production: growth rate NA% (1986)
Electricity: 1,900,000 kW capacity; 8,245 million kWh produced, 1,050 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: copper mining and processing, transport, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer
Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops—corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs produced; marginally self-sufficient in corn
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-88), $466 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $4.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $533 million
Currency: Zambian kwacha (plural—kwacha); 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee
Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1—21.7865 (January 1990), 12.9032 (1989), 8.2237 (1988), 8.8889 (1987), 7.3046 (1986), 2.7137 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
- CommunicationsRailroads: 1,266 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track
Highways: 36,370 km total; 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers,Lake Tanganyika
Pipelines: 1,724 km crude oil
Ports: Mpulungu (lake port)
Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
Airports: 121 total, 106 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa; high-capacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; 71,700 telephones; stations—11 AM, 3 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth stations—1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
- Defense ForcesBranches: Army, Air Force, Police, Paramilitary
Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,683,758; 883,283 fit for military service
Defense expenditures: NA——————————————————————————Country: Zimbabwe- GeographyTotal area: 390,580 km2; land area: 386,670 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than Montana
Land boundaries: 3,066 km total; Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km,South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
Coastline: none—landlocked
Maritime claims: none—landlocked
Disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement
Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin
Land use: 7% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 12% meadows and pastures; 62% forest and woodland; 19% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare; deforestation; soil erosion; air and water pollution; desertification
Note: landlocked
- PeoplePopulation: 10,392,161 (July 1990), growth rate 3.3% (1990)
Birth rate: 42 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 65 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Life expectancy at birth: 59 years male, 63 years female (1990)
Total fertility rate: 5.8 children born/woman (1990)
Nationality: noun—Zimbabwean(s); adjective—Zimbabwean
Ethnic divisions: 98% African (71% Shona, 16% Ndebele, 11% other); 1% white, 1% mixed and Asian
Religion: 50% syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs), 25%Christian, 24% indigenous beliefs, a few Muslim
Language: English (official); Shona and Ndebele
Literacy: 74%
Labor force: 3,100,000; 74% agriculture, 16% transport and services, 10% mining, manufacturing, construction (1987)
Organized labor: 17% of wage and salary earners have union membership
- GovernmentLong-form name: Republic of Zimbabwe
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Harare
Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland Central,Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South,Midlands, Victoria (commonly called Masvingo)
Independence: 18 April 1980 (from UK; formerly Southern Rhodesia)
Constitution: 21 December 1979
Legal system: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Leaders:Chief of State and Head of Government—Executive President RobertGabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Simon VengaiMUZENDA (since 31 December 1987)
Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African NationalUnion-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert Mugabe; Zimbabwe African NationalUnion-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi Sithole; Zimbabwe Unity Movement(ZUM), Edgar Tekere
Suffrage: universal at age 18
Elections: President—last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held March 1995); results—President Robert Mugabe 78.3%; Edgar Tekere 21.7%;
Parliament—last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held March 1993); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(150 total, 120 elected) ZANU 116, ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1, to be determined 1
Communists: no Communist party
Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN,UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: Counselor (Political Affairs), Head of Chancery, Ambassador Stanislaus Garikai CHIGWEDERE; Chancery at 2852 McGill Terrace NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 332-7100; US—Ambassador-designate Steven RHODES; Embassy at 172 Rhodes Avenue, Harare (mailing address is P. O. Box 3340, Harare); telephone 263o (14) 794-521
Flag: seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle
- Economy Overview: Agriculture employs a majority of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The agro-based manufacturing sector produces a variety of goods and contributes about 25% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but supplies of minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Wide year-to-year fluctuations in agricultural production over the past six years resulted in not only an uneven growth rate, but one that did not equal the 3% annual increase in population.
GDP: $4.6 billion, per capita $470; real growth rate 5.3% (1988 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7.4% (1988)
Unemployment rate: at least 20% (1988 est.)
Budget: revenues $2.4 billion; expenditures $3.0 billion, including capital expenditures of $290 million (FY90)
Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities—agricultural 34% (tobacco 21%, other 13%), manufactures 19%, gold 11%, ferrochrome 11%, cotton 6%; partners—Europe 55% (EC 41%, Netherlands 6%, other 8%), Africa 22% (South Africa 12%, other 10%), US 6%
Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., 1988); commodities—machinery and transportation equipment 37%, other manufactures 22%, chemicals 16%, fuels 15%; partners—EC 31%, Africa 29% (South Africa 21%, other 8%), US 8%, Japan 4%
External debt: $2.96 billion (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 4.7% (1988 est.)
Electricity: 2,036,000 kW capacity; 5,460 million kWh produced, 540 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products
Agriculture: accounts for about 15% of GDP and employs over 70% of population; 40% of land area divided into 6,000 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops—corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock—cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80-88), $359 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $2.0 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $36 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $134 million
Currency: Zimbabwean dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1—2.2873 (January 1990), 2.1133 (1989), 1.8018 (1988), 1.6611 (1987), 1.6650 (1986), 1.6119 (1985)
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
- Communications Railroads: 2,745 km 1.067-meter gauge; 42 km double track; 355 km electrified
Highways: 85,237 km total; 15,800 km paved, 39,090 km crushed stone, gravel, stabilized soil: 23,097 km improved earth; 7,250 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication
Pipelines: 8 km, refined products
Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft
Airports: 506 total, 420 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 37 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; consists of radio relay links, open-wire lines, and radio communications stations; 247,000 telephones; stations—8 AM, 18 FM, 8 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
- Defense ForcesBranches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Police SupportUnit, People's Militia
Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,173,448; 1,342,920 fit for military service
Defense expenditures: $446.7 million (FY89 est.)——————————————————————————Country: Taiwan- GeographyTotal area: 35,980 km2; land area: 32,260 km2; includes the Pescadores,Matsu, and Quemoy
Comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 1,448 km
Maritime claims:
Extended economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China,Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam; Paracel Islands occupied by China, butclaimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto(Senkaku Islands) claimed by China and Taiwan
Climate: tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon(June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Terrain: eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
Natural resources: small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
Land use: 24% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 5% meadows and pastures; 55% forest and woodland; 15% other; 14% irrigated
Environment: subject to earthquakes and typhoons
- PeoplePopulation: 20,546,664 (July 1990), growth rate 1.1% (1990)
Birth rate: 16 births/1,000 population (1990)
Death rate: 5 deaths/1,000 population (1990)
Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1990)
Infant mortality rate: 17 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)
Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 77 years female (1990)
Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1990)
Nationality: noun—Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective—Chinese
Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigine
Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other
Language: Mandarin Chinese (official); Taiwanese and Hakka dialects also used
Literacy: 94%
Labor force: 7,880,000; 41% industry and commerce, 32% services, 20% agriculture, 7% civil administration (1986)
Organized labor: 1,300,000 or about 18.4% (government controlled) (1983)
- AdministrationLong-form name: none
Type: one-party presidential regime; opposition political parties legalized in March, 1989
Capital: Taipei
Administrative divisions: 16 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 5 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural), 2 special municipalities** (chuan-shih, singular and plural); Chang-hua, Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan, Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**, T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, Yun-lin; note—the Wade-Giles system is used for romanization
Constitution: 25 December 1947
Legal system: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: National Day (Anniversary of the Revolution), 10 October (1911)
Executive branch: president, vice president, premier of the ExecutiveYuan, vice premier of the Executive Yuan, Executive Yuan
Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Yuan
Judicial branch: Judicial Yuan
Leaders:Chief of State—President LI Teng-hui (since 13 January 1988);Vice President LI Yuan-tzu (will take office 20 May 1990);
Head of Government—Premier (President of the Executive Yuan)HAO Po-ts'un (since 2 May 1990); Vice Premier (Vice President of theExecutive Yuan) SHIH Ch'i-yang (since NA July 1988)
Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang (Nationalist Party),LI Teng-hui, chairman; Democratic Socialist Party and Young ChinaParty controlled by Kuomintang; Democratic Progressive Party (DPP);Labor Party; 27 other minor parties
Suffrage: universal at age 20
Elections: President—last held 21 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results—President Li Teng-hui was elected by the National Assembly;
Vice President—last held 21 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results—Li Yuan-tzu was elected by the National Assembly;
Legislative Yuan—last held 2 December 1989 (next to be held December 1992); results—KMT 65%, DPP 33%, independents 2%; seats—(304 total, 102 elected) KMT 78, DPP 21, independents 3
Member of: expelled from UN General Assembly and Security Council on 25October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiaryorgans; expelled from IMF/World Bank group April/May 1980; member of ADB andPECC, seeking to join GATT and/or MFA; attempting to retain membership in ICAC,ISO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IWC—International Wheat Council; suspended fromIAEA in 1972, but still allows IAEA controls over extensive atomic development
Diplomatic representation: none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US are maintained through a private instrumentality, the Coordination Council for North American Affairs (CCNAA) with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington and 10 other US cities with all addresses and telephone numbers NA; US—unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), which has offices in Taipei at 7 Lane 134, Hsin Yi Road, Section 3 with telephone 002 886o (2) 709-2000 and in Kao-hsiung at 88 Wu Fu 3rd Road with telephone NA
Flag: red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays
- Economy Overview: Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GNP has averaged about 9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Agriculture contributes about 6% to GNP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13 among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive industries.
GNP: $121.4 billion, per capita $6,000; real growth rate 7.2% (1989)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.0% (1989)
Unemployment rate: 1.7% (1989)
Budget: revenues $25.9 billion; expenditures $33.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY89)
Exports: $66.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities—textiles 9.7%, electrical machinery 19.0%, general machinery and equipment 14%, telecommunications equipment 9%, basic metals and metal products 7.4%, foodstuffs 0.9%, plywood and wood products 1.3%; partners—US 36.2%, Japan 13.7%
Imports: $52.2 billion (c.i.f., 1989); commodities—machinery and equipment 15.9%, crude oil 5%, chemical and chemical products 11.1%, basic metals 7.4%, foodstuffs 2.0%; partners—Japan 31%, US 23%, Saudi Arabia 8.6%
External debt: $1.0 billion (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 4.1% (1988)
Electricity: 17,000,000 kW capacity; 68,000 million kWh produced, 3,360 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: textiles, clothing, chemicals, electronics, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum
Agriculture: accounts for 6% of GNP and 20% of labor force (includes part-time farmers); heavily subsidized sector; major crops—rice, sugarcane, sweet potatoes, fruits, vegetables; livestock—hogs, poultry, beef, milk, cattle; not self-sufficient in wheat, soybeans, corn; fish catch expanding, 1.1 million metric tons in (1987)
Aid: US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $439 million
Currency: new Taiwan dollar (plural—dollars); 1 new Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: new Taiwan dollars per US$1—26.3 (March 1990), 26.156 (December 1989), 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987), 37.838 (1986), 39.849 (1985)
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
- Communications Railroads: about 1,075 km common carrier lines and over 3,800 km industrial lines; common carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708 km West Line and the 367 km East Line; a 98.25 km South Link Line connection is under construction; common carrier lines owned by the government and operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises
Highways: 18,800 km total; 15,800 km bituminous or concrete, 2,500 km crushed stone or gravel, 500 km graded earth
Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas
Ports: Kao-hsiung, Chi-lung, Hua-lien, Su-ao, T'ai-tung
Merchant marine: 218 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,061,960GRT/7,634,074 DWT; includes 1 short-sea passenger, 61 cargo,13 refrigerated cargo, 71 container, 14 petroleum, oils, and lubricants(POL) tanker, 3 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 54 bulk
Airports: 38 total, 37 usable; 32 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: best developed system in Asia outside of Japan; 6,000,000 telephones; extensive microwave transmission links on east and west coasts; stations—91 AM, 23 FM, 15 TV (13 relays); 8,000,000 radio receivers; 6,000,000 TV sets (5,300,000 color, 700,000 monochrome); satellite earth stations—1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; submarine cable links to Japan (Okinawa), the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
- Defense ForcesBranches: Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, Garrison Command
Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,809,354; 4,534,950 fit for military service; about 185,235 currently reach military age (19) annually
Defense expenditures: 6.8% of GNP, or $8.2 billion (FY90 est.) —————————————————————————— —————————————————————————— Appendix A: The United Nations System
The UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinateagencies and bodies as follows:
1) Secretariat:UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator's Office
2) General Assembly:INSTRAW International Research and Training Institute for theAdvancement of WomenUNCHS United Nations Center for Human Settlements (Habitat)UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUNEP United Nations Environment ProgramUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNHCR United Nations Office of High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations Children's FundUNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament ResearchUNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and ResearchUNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social DevelopmentUNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for PalestineRefugees in the Near EastUNSP United Nations Special FundUNU United Nations UniversityUP University for PeaceWFC World Food CouncilWFP World Food Program
3) Security Council:UNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification MissionUNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer ForceUNFICYP United Nations Force in CyprusUNGOMAP United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan andPakistanUNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in LebanonUNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer GroupUNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India andPakistanUNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance GroupUNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC):Specialized agenciesFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationIDA International Development AssociationIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFC International Finance CorporationILO International Labor OrganizationIMF International Monetary FundIMO International Maritime OrganizationITU International Telecommunication UnionMIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganizationUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUPU Universal Postal UnionWHO World Health OrganizationWIPO World Intellectual Property OrganizationWMO World Meteorological OrganizationRelated organizationsGATT General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeIAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyRegional commissionsECA Economic Commission for AfricaECE Economic Commission for EuropeECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western AsiaFunctional commissionsCommission on Human RightsCommission on Narcotic DrugsCommission for Social DevelopmentCommission on the Status of WomenPopulation CommissionStatistical Commission
5) Trusteeship Council
6) International Court of Justice (ICJ) —————————————————————————— Appendix B: International Organizations
ACC Arab Cooperation CouncilACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (assoc. with EC)ADB Asian Development BankAfDB African Development BankAFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social DevelopmentAIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting CountriesAL Arab League or League of Arab StatesAMF Arab Monetary FundAMU Arab Maghreb Union—- Andean PactANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producing CountriesANZUS ANZUS CouncilAP Andean PactAPC African Peanut (Groundnut) AssociationASEAN Association of Southeast Asian NationsASPAC Asian and Pacific CouncilASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association—- Association of Tin Producing Countries
BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in AfricaBCIE Central American Bank for Economic IntegrationBenelux Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic UnionBIS Bank for International SettlementsBLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic UnionBOAD West African Development Bank
C CommonwealthCACM Central American Common MarketCAEU Council of Arab Economic UnityCARICOM Caribbean Community and Common MarketCCC Customs Cooperation CouncilCDB Caribbean Development BankCE Council of EuropeCEAO West African Economic CommunityCEEAC Economic Community of Central African StatesCEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (sometimes CMEA orComecon)CENTO Central Treaty OrganizationCEPGL Economic Community of the Great Lakes CountriesCERN European Organization for Nuclear ResearchCILSS Permanent Interstate Committee on Drought Control in the SahelCIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting CountriesCMEA see CEMAComecon see CEMA—- Conference of East and Central African StatesCP Colombo Plan
DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD)
EADB East African Development BankEAMA African States associated with the ECEC European CommunitiesECA Economic Commission for Africa (UN)ECE Economic Commission for Europe (UN)ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America (UN)ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN)ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN)ECOWAS Economic Community of West African StatesECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia (UN)EFTA European Free Trade AssociationEIB European Investment BankEMS European Monetary SystemEntente Council of the EntenteESA European Space AgencyESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN)ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN)
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)FZ Franc Zone
G-8 Group of EightG-10 Group of TenG-77 Group of 77GA General Assembly (UN)GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (UN)GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
IADB Inter-American Development BankIAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN)IATP International Association of Tungsten ProducersIBA International Bauxite AssociationIBEC International Bank for Economic CooperationIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development orWorld Bank (UN)ICAC International Cotton Advisory CommitteeICAO International Civil Aviation Organization (UN)ICC International Chamber of CommerceICCO International Cocoa OrganizationICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European MigrationICES International Cooperation in Ocean ExplorationICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade UnionsICJ International Court of Justice (UN)ICM Intergovernmental Committee for MigrationICO International Coffee OrganizationICRC International Committee of the Red CrossIDA International Development Association (IBRD affiliate, UN)IDB Inter-American Development BankIDB Islamic Development BankIEA International Energy Agency (associated with OECD)IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development (UN)IFC International Finance Corporation (IBRD affiliate, UN)IHO International Hydrographic OrganizationIIB International Investment BankILO International Labor Organization (UN)ILZSG International Lead and Zinc Study GroupIMF International Monetary Fund (UN)IMO International Maritime Organization (UN)INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite OrganizationINRO International Natural Rubber OrganizationINTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite OrganizationINTERPOL International Criminal Police OrganizationIOC International Olympic CommitteeIOOC International Olive Oil CouncilIPU Inter-Parliamentary UnionIRC International Rice CouncilISO International Sugar OrganizationITC International Tin CouncilITU International Telecommunication Union (UN)IWC International Whaling CommissionIWC International Wheat CouncilLAES Latin American Economic SystemLAIA Latin American Integration Association—- Lake Chad Basin CommissionLORCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies—- Mano River Commission—- Mekong CommitteeMIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
NAM Nonaligned MovementNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNC Nordic CouncilNCC Nordic Council of MinistersNEA Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD)NIB Nordic Investment Bank—- Niger River Commission—- Nordic Council
OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting CountriesOAS Organization of American StatesOAU Organization of African UnityOCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common OrganizationODECA Organization of Central American StatesOECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean StatesOIC Organization of the Islamic ConferenceOMVS Organization for the Development of the Senegal River ValleyOPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin Americaand the CaribbeanOPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
PAHO Pan American Health OrganizationPCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional CooperationSADCC Southern African Development Coordination ConferenceSC Security Council (UN)SELA Latin American Economic SystemSPC South Pacific CommissionSPEC South Pacific Bureau for Economic CooperationSPF South Pacific Forum
TC Trusteeship Council (UN)TDB Trade and Development Board (UN)
UDEAC Central African Customs and Economic UnionUEAC Union of Central African StatesUN United NationsUNCTAD UN Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNDP UN Development ProgramUNESCO UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural OrganizationUNHCR UN High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF UN Children's FundUNIDO UN Industrial Development OrganizationUPEB Union of Banana Exporting CountriesUPU Universal Postal Union (UN)
WCL World Confederation of LaborWEU Western European UnionWFC World Food Council (UN)WFTU World Federation of Trade UnionsWHO World Health Organization (UN)WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization (UN)WMO World Meteorological Organization (UN)WP Warsaw PactWPC World Peace CouncilWSG International Wool Study GroupWTO World Tourism Organization——————————————————————————Appendix C: Country Membership in International Organizations
This information is currently available only as a table in the printed version of The World Factbook 1990. For the 1991 edition a new textual format will be adopted that will greatly expand the breadth and depth of coverage to include many more organizations with complete name, acronym or abbreviation, date established, aim, and list of members. —————————————————————————— Appendix D: Weights and Measures
Mathematical Notation
Mathematical Power Name 10 +18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion 10 +15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion 10 +12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 10 +9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion 10 +6 or 1,000,000 one million 10 +3 or 1,000 one thousand 10 +2 or 100 one hundred 10 +1 or 10 ten 10 +0 or 1 one 10 -1 or 0.1 one tenth 10 -2 or 0.01 one hundredth 10 -3 or 0.001 one thousandth 10 -6 or 0.000 001 one millionth 10 -9 or 0.000 000 001 one billionth 10 -12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one trillionth 10 -15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one quadrillionth 10 -18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 one quintillionth
Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers) Length, weight, Prefix Symbol capacity Area Volume ——— ——— ———— ——— ———- exa E 10 +18 10 +36 10 +54 peta P 10 +15 10 +30 10 +45 tera T 10 +12 10 +24 10 +36 giga G 10 +9 10 +18 10 +27 mega M 10 +6 10 +12 10 +18 hectokilo hk 10 +5 10 +10 10 +15 myria ma 10 +4 10 +8 10 +12 kilo k 10 +3 10 +6 10 +9 hecto h 10 +2 10 +4 10 +6 deka da 10 +1 10 +2 10 +3 basic unit - 1 meter, 1 meter2 1 meter3 1 gram, 1 liter deci d 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 centi c 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 milli m 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 decimilli dm 10 -4 10 -8 10 -12 centimilli cm 10 -5 10 -10 10 -15 micro u 10 -6 10 -12 10 -18 nano n 10 -9 10 -18 10 -27 pico p 10 -12 10 -24 10 -36 femto f 10 -15 10 -30 10 -45 atto a 10 -18 10 -36 10 -54
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The exponents 2 and 3 are used for square and cubic, respectively. Name Metric Equivalents ——————————————————————————————————————— acre 0.404 685 64 hectares 43,560 feet2 acre 4,046,856 4 meters2 4,840 yards2 acre 0.004 046 856 4 0.001 562 5 miles2, kilometers2 statute are 100 meters2 119.599 yards2 barrel (petroleum, US) 158.987 29 liters 42 gallons (proof spirits, US) 151.416 47 liters 40 gallons (beer, US) 117.347 77 liters 31 gallons bushel 35.239 07 liters 4 pecks cable 219.456 meters 120 fathoms chain (surveyor's) 20.116 8 meters 66 feet cord (wood) 3.624 556 meters3 128 feet3 cup 0.236 588 2 liters 8 ounces, liquid (US) degrees, celsius (water boils at 100 multiply by 1.8 and add degrees C, freezes at 32 to obtain degrees F 0 degrees C) degrees, fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide (water boils at 212 by 1.8 to obtain degrees F, freezes at degrees C 32 degrees F) dram, avoirdupois 1.771 845 2 grams 0.062 5 ounces, avoirdupois dram, troy 3.887 934 6 grams 0.125 ounces, troy dram, liquid (US) 3.696 69 milliliters 0.125 ounces, liquid fathom 1.828 8 meters 6 feet foot 30.48 centimeters 12 inches foot 0.304 8 meters 0.333 333 3 yards foot 0.000 304 8 kilometers 0.000 189 39 miles, statute foot2 929.030 4 centimeters2 144 inches2 foot 2 0.092 903 04 meters2 0.111 111 1 yards2 foot3 28.316 846 592 liters 7.480 519 gallons foot3 0.028 316 847 meters3 1,728 inches3 furlong 201.168 meters 220 yards gallon, liquid (US) 3.785 411 784 liters 4 quarts, liquid gill (US) 118.294 118 milliliters 4 ounces, liquid grain 64.798 91 milligrams 0.002 285 71 ounces, advp. gram 1,000 milligrams 0.035 273 96 ounces, advp. hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters 4 inches hectare 10,000 meters2 2.471 053 8 acres hundredweight, long 50.802 345 kilograms 112 pounds, avoirdupois hundredweight, short 45.359 237 kilograms 100 pounds, avoirdupois inch 2.54 centimeters 0.083 333 33 feet inch2 6.451 6 centimeters2 0.006 944 44 feet2 inch3 16.387 064 centimeters3 0.000 578 7 feet3 inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.029 761 6 pints, dry inch3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.034 632 0 pints, liquid kilogram 0.001 tons, metric 2.204 623 pounds, avoirdupois kilometer 1,000 meters 0.621 371 19 miles, statute kilometer2 100 hectares 247.105 38 acres kilometer2 1,000,000 meters2 0.386 102 16 miles2, statute knot (1 nautical mi/hr) 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour league, nautical 5.559 552 kilometers 3 miles, nautical league, statute 4.828.032 kilometers 3 miles, statute link (surveyor's) 20.116 8 centimeters 7.92 inches liter 0.001 meters3 61.023 74 inches3 liter 0.1 dekaliter 0.908 083 quarts, dry liter 1,000 milliliters 1.056 688 quarts, liquid meter 100 centimeters 1.093 613 yards meter2 10,000 centimeters2 1.195 990 yards2 meter3 1,000 liters 1.307 951 yards3 micron 0.000 001 meter 0.000 039 4 inches mil 0.025 4 millimeters 0.001 inch mile, nautical 1.852 kilometers 1.150 779 4 miles, statute mile2, nautical 3.429 904 kilometers2 1.325 miles2, statute mile, statute 1.609 344 kilometers 5,280 feet or 8 furlongs mile2, statute 258.998 811 hectares 640 acres or 1 section mile2, statute 2.589 988 11 kilometers2 0.755 miles2, nautical minim (US) 0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid ounce, avoirdupois 28.349 523 125 grams 437.5 grains ounce, liquid (US) 29.573 53 milliliters 0.062 5 pints, liquid ounce, troy 31.103 476 8 grams 480 grains pace 76.2 centimeters 30 inches peck 8.809 767 5 liters 8 quarts, dry pennyweight 1.555 173 84 grams 24 grains pint, dry (US) 0.550 610 47 liters 0.5 quarts, dry pint, liquid (US) 0.473 176 473 liters 0.5 quarts, liquid point (typographical) 0.351 459 8 millimeters 0.013 837 inches pound, avoirdupois 453.592 37 grams 16 ounces, avourdupois pound, troy 373.241 721 6 grams 12 ounces, troy quart, dry (US) 1.101 221 liters 2 pints, dry quart, liquid (US) 0.946 352 946 liters 2 pints, liquid quintal 100 kilograms 220.462 26 pounds, avdp. rod 5.029 2 meters 5.5 yards scruple 1.295 978 2 grams 20 grains section (US) 2.589 988 1 kilometers2 1 mile2, statute or 640 acres span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches stere 1 meter3 1.307 95 yards3 tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons ton, long or deadweight 1,016.046 909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avoirdupois ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds, avoirdupois ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters3 100 feet3 ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avoirdupois township (US) 93.239 572 kilometers2 36 miles2, statute yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet yard2 0.836 127 36 meters2 9 feet2 yard3 0.764 554 86 meters3 27 feet3 yard3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons —————————————————————————— Appendix E: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names
This list indicates where various names including all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities can be found in The WORLD FACTBOOK are not necessarily those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses, additional information is included in brackets.
Name Entry in the WORLD FACTBOOK——————————————— ———————————————————-Abidjan (US Embassy) Ivory CoastAbu Dhabi (US Embassy) United Arab EmiratesAcapulco (US Consular Agency) MexicoAccra (US Embassy) GhanaAdana (US Consulate) TurkeyAddis Ababa (US Embassy) EthiopiaAdelaide (US Consular Agency) AustraliaAdelie Land (Terre Adelie) Antarctica(claimed by France)Aden (US post not maintained, Yemen, People's Democratic Republic ofrepresentation by BritishEmbassy)Aden, Gulf of Indian OceanAdmiralty Islands Papua New GuineaAdriatic Sea Atlantic OceanAegean Islands GreeceAegean Sea Atlantic OceanAfars and Issas, French DjiboutiTerritory of the (F.T.A.I.)Agalega Islands MauritiusAland Islands FinlandAlaska United StatesAlaska, Gulf of Pacific OceanAldabra Islands SeychellesAlderney GuernseyAleutian Islands United StatesAlexander Island AntarcticaAlexandria (US Consulate General) EgyptAlgiers (US Embassy) AlgeriaAlhucemas, Penon de SpainAlphonse Island SeychellesAmami Strait Pacific OceanAmindivi Islands IndiaAmirante Isles SeychellesAmman (US Embassy) JordanAmsterdam (US Consulate General) NetherlandsAmsterdam Island French Southern and Antarctic Lands(Ile Amsterdam)Amundsen Sea Pacific OceanAmur China; Soviet UnionAndaman Islands IndiaAndaman Sea Indian OceanAnegada Passage Atlantic OceanAnglo-Egyptian Sudan SudanAnjouan ComorosAnkara (US Embassy) TurkeyAnnobon Equatorial GuineaAntananarivo (US Embassy) MadagascarAntipodes Islands New ZealandAntwerp (US Consulate General) BelgiumAozou Strip (claimed by Libya) ChadAqaba, Gulf of Indian OceanArabian Sea Indian OceanArafura Sea Pacific OceanArgun China; Soviet UnionAscension Island St. HelenaAssumption Island SeychellesAsuncion (US Embassy) ParaguayAsuncion Island Northern Mariana IslandsAtacama ChileAthens (US Embassy) GreeceAttu United StatesAuckland (US Consulate General) New ZealandAuckland Islands New ZealandAustrales Iles (Iles Tubuai) French PolynesiaAxel Heiberg Island CanadaAzores PortugalAzov, Sea of Atlantic Ocean
Bab el Mandeb Indian OceanBabuyan Channel Pacific OceanBabuyan Islands PhilippinesBaffin Bay Arctic OceanBaffin Island CanadaBaghdad (US Embassy) IraqBalabac Strait Pacific OceanBalearic Islands SpainBalearic Sea (Iberian Sea) Atlantic OceanBali (US Consular Agency) IndonesiaBali Sea Indian OceanBalintang Channel Pacific OceanBalintang Islands PhilippinesBalleny Islands AntarcticaBaltic Sea Atlantic OceanBaluchistan Afghanistan; Iran; PakistanBamako (US Embassy) MaliBanaba (Ocean Island) KiribatiBandar Seri Begawan (US Embassy) BruneiBanda Sea Pacific OceanBangkok (US Embassy) ThailandBangui (US Embassy) Central African RepublicBanjul (US Embassy) Gambia, TheBanks Island CanadaBanks Islands (Iles Banks) VanuatuBarcelona (US Consulate General) SpainBarents Sea Arctic OceanBarranquilla (US Consulate) ColombiaBashi Channel Pacific OceanBasilan Strait Pacific OceanBass Strait Indian OceanBatan Islands PhilippinesBavaria (Bayern) Germany, Federal Republic ofBeagle Channel Atlantic OceanBear Island (Bjornoya) SvalbardBeaufort Sea Arctic OceanBechuanaland BotswanaBeijing (US Embassy) ChinaBeirut (US Embassy) LebanonBelem (US Consular Agency) BrazilBelep Islands (Iles Belep) New CaledoniaBelfast (US Consulate General) United KingdomBelgian Congo ZaireBelgrade (US Embassy) YugoslaviaBelize City (US Embassy) BelizeBelle Isle, Strait of Atlantic OceanBellinghausen Sea Pacific OceanBelmopan BelizeBengal, Bay of Indian OceanBering Sea Pacific OceanBering Strait Pacific OceanBerkner Island AntarcticaBerlin, East (US Embassy) German Democratic RepublicBerlin, West (US Mission) Germany, Federal Republic ofBern (US Embassy) SwitzerlandBessarabia Romania; Soviet UnionBijagos, Arquipelago dos Guinea-BissauBikini Atoll Marshall IslandsBilbao (US Consulate) SpainBioko Equatorial GuineaBiscay, Bay of Atlantic OceanBishop Rock United KingdomBismarck Archipelago Papua New GuineaBismarck Sea Pacific OceanBissau (US Embassy) Guinea-BissauBjornoya (Bear Island) SvalbardBlack Rock Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Black Sea Atlantic OceanBoa Vista Cape VerdeBogota (US Embassy) ColombiaBombay (US Consulate General) IndiaBonaire Netherlands AntillesBonifacio, Strait of Atlantic OceanBonin Islands JapanBonn (US Embassy) Federal Republic of GermanyBophuthatswana South AfricaBora-Bora French PolynesiaBordeaux (US Consulate General) FranceBorneo Brunei; Indonesia; MalaysiaBornholm DenmarkBosporus Atlantic OceanBothnia, Gulf of Atlantic OceanBougainville Island Papua New GuineaBougainville Strait Pacific OceanBounty Islands New ZealandBrasilia (US Embassy) BrazilBrazzaville (US Embassy) CongoBridgetown (US Embassy) BarbadosBrisbane (US Consulate) AustraliaBritish East Africa KenyaBritish Guiana GuyanaBritish Honduras BelizeBritish Solomon Islands Solomon IslandsBritish Somaliland SomaliaBrussels (US Embassy, US Mission Belgiumto European Communities, USMission to the North AtlanticTreaty Organization or USNATO)Bucharest (US Embassy) RomaniaBudapest (US Embassy) HungaryBuenos Aires (US Embassy) ArgentinaBujumbura (US Embassy) Burundi
Cabinda AngolaCabot Strait Atlantic OceanCaicos Islands Turks and Caicos IslandsCairo (US Embassy) EgyptCalcutta (US Consulate General) IndiaCalgary (US Consulate General) CanadaCalifornia, Gulf of Pacific OceanCampbell Island New ZealandCanal Zone PanamaCanary Islands SpainCanberra (US Embassy) AustraliaCancun (US Consular Agency) MexicoCanton (Guangzhou) ChinaCanton Island KiribatiCape Town (US Consulate General) South AfricaCaracas (US Embassy) VenezuelaCargados Carajos Shoals MauritiusCaroline Islands Micronesia, Federated States of;Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of theCaribbean Sea Atlantic OceanCarpentaria, Gulf of Pacific OceanCasablanca (US Consulate General) MoroccoCato Island AustraliaCebu (US Consulate) PhilippinesCelebes IndonesiaCelebes Sea Pacific OceanCeltic Sea Atlantic OceanCentral African Empire Central African RepublicCeuta SpainCeylon Sri LankaChafarinas, Islas SpainChagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) British Indian Ocean TerritoryChannel Islands Guernsey; JerseyChatham Islands New ZealandCheju-do Korea, SouthCheju Strait Pacific OceanChengdu (US Consulate General) ChinaChesterfield Islands New Caledonia(Iles Chesterfield)Chiang Mai (US Consulate General) ThailandChihli, Gulf of (Bo Hai) Pacific OceanChina, People's Republic of ChinaChina, Republic of TaiwanChoiseul Solomon IslandsChristchurch (US Consular Agency) New ZealandChristmas Island (Indian Ocean) AustraliaChristmas Island (Pacific Ocean) Kiribati(Kiritimati)Chukchi Sea Arctic OceanCiskei South AfricaCiudad Juarez (US Consulate MexicoGeneral)Cochabamba (US Consular Agency) BoliviaCoco, Isla del Costa RicaCocos Islands Cocos (Keeling) IslandsColombo (US Embassy) Sri LankaColon (US Consular Agency) PanamaColon, Archipielago de Ecuador(Galapagos Islands)Commander Islands Soviet Union(Komandorskiye Ostrova)Conakry (US Embassy) GuineaCongo (Brazzaville) CongoCongo (Kinshasa) ZaireCongo (Leopoldville) ZaireCon Son Islands VietnamCook Strait Pacific OceanCopenhagen (US Embassy) DenmarkCoral Sea Pacific OceanCorn Islands (Islas del Maiz) NicaraguaCorsica FranceCosmoledo Group SeychellesCote d'Ivoire Ivory CoastCotonou (US Embassy) BeninCrete GreeceCrooked Island Passage Atlantic OceanCrozet Islands (Iles Crozet) French Southern and Antarctic LandsCuracao (US Consulate General) Netherlands AntillesCusco (US Consular Agency) Peru