*Guam, Government
Names:conventional long form:Territory of Guamconventional short form:GuamDigraph:GQType:organized, unincorporated territory of the US with policy relations betweenGuam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Territorial andInternational Affairs, US Department of the InteriorCapital:AganaAdministrative divisions:none (territory of the US)Independence:none (territory of the US)Constitution:Organic Act of 1 August 1950Legal system:modeled on US; federal laws applyNational holiday:Guam Discovery Day (first Monday in March); Liberation Day, 21 JulyPolitical parties and leaders:Democratic Party (controls the legislature); Republican Party (party of theGovernor)Suffrage:18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidentialelectionsElections:Governor:last held on 6 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1994); results -Joseph F. ADA reelectedLegislature:last held on 9 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1994); results -percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21 total) Democratic 14, Republican 7US House of Representatives:last held 9 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1994); Guam electsone delegate; results - Robert UNDERWOOD was elected as delegate; seats - (1total) Democrat 1Executive branch:US president, governor, lieutenant governor, CabinetLegislative branch:unicameral LegislatureJudicial branch:Federal District Court, Territorial Superior CourtLeaders: Chief of State:President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice PresidentAlbert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)Head of Government:Governor Joseph A. ADA (since November 1986); Lieutenant Governor Frank F.BLAS (since NA)Member of:ESCAP (associate), IOC, SPCDiplomatic representation in US:none (territory of the US)
*Guam, Government
Flag:territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides;centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beachscene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAMsuperimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag
*Guam, Economy
Overview:The economy depends mainly on US military spending and on revenues fromtourism. Over the past 20 years the tourist industry has grown rapidly,creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones.Visitors numbered about 900,000 in 1992. About 60% of the labor force worksfor the private sector and the rest for government. Most food and industrialgoods are imported, with about 75% from the US.National product:GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $2 billion (1991 est.)National product real growth rate:NA%National product per capita:$14,000 (1991 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):4% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:2% (1992 est.)Budget:revenues $525 million; expenditures $395 million, including capitalexpenditures of $NAExports:$34 million (f.o.b., 1984)commodities:mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products, construction materials,fish, food and beverage productspartners:US 25%, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 63%, other 12%Imports:$493 million (c.i.f., 1984)commodities:petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goodspartners:US 23%, Japan 19%, other 58%External debt:$NAIndustrial production:growth rate NA%Electricity:500,000 kW capacity; 2,300 million kWh produced, 16,300 kWh per capita(1990)Industries:US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concreteproducts, printing and publishing, food processing, textilesAgriculture:relatively undeveloped with most food imported; fruits, vegetables, eggs,pork, poultry, beef, copraEconomic aid:although Guam receives no foreign aid, it does receive large transferpayments from the general revenues of the US Federal Treasury into whichGuamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a speciallaw of Congress, the Guamanian Treasury, rather than the US Treasury,receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federalemployees stationed in GuamCurrency:US currency is usedFiscal year:1 October - 30 September
*Guam, Communications
Highways:674 km all-weather roadsPorts:Apra HarborAirports:total:5usable:4with permanent-surface runways:3with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:3with runways 1,200-2,439 m:0Telecommunications:26,317 telephones (1989); broadcast stations - 3 AM, 3 FM, 3 TV; 2 PacificOcean INTELSAT ground stations
*Guam, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of the US
*Guatemala, Geography
Location:Central America, between Honduras and MexicoMap references:Central America and the Caribbean, North America, Standard Time Zones of theWorldArea:total area:108,890 km2land area:108,430 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than TennesseeLand boundaries:total 1,687 km, Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico962 kmCoastline:400 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf:the outer edge of the continental shelfexclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:border with Belize in dispute; negotiations to resolve the dispute havebegunClimate:tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlandsTerrain:mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau(Peten)Natural resources:petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicleLand use:arable land:12%permanent crops:4%meadows and pastures:12%forest and woodland:40%other:32%Irrigated land:780 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:numerous volcanoes in mountains, with frequent violent earthquakes;Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms;deforestation; soil erosion; water pollutionNote:no natural harbors on west coast
*Guatemala, People
Population:10,446,015 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:2.63% (1993 est.)Birth rate:36.19 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:7.74 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:55.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:63.99 yearsmale:61.46 yearsfemale:66.65 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:4.9 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Guatemalan(s)adjective:GuatemalanEthnic divisions:Ladino 56% (mestizo - mixed Indian and European ancestry), Indian 44%Religions:Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional MayanLanguages:Spanish 60%, Indian language 40% (18 Indian dialects, including Quiche,Cakchiquel, Kekchi)Literacy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:55%male:63%female:47%Labor force:2.5 millionby occupation:agriculture 60%, services 13%, manufacturing 12%, commerce 7%, construction4%, transport 3%, utilities 0.8%, mining 0.4% (1985)
*Guatemala, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Guatemalaconventional short form:Guatemalalocal long form:Republica de Guatemalalocal short form:GuatemalaDigraph:GTType:republicCapital:GuatemalaAdministrative divisions:22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, BajaVerapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala,Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche,Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez,Totonicapan, ZacapaIndependence:15 September 1821 (from Spain)Constitution:31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986note:suspended on 25 May 1993 by President SERRANO; reinstated on 5 June 1993following ouster of presidentLegal system:civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not acceptedcompulsory ICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:Independence Day, 15 September (1821)Political parties and leaders:National Centrist Union (UCN), Jorge CARPIO Nicolle; Solidarity ActionMovement (MAS), Jorge SERRANO Elias; Christian Democratic Party (DCG),Alfonso CABRERA Hidalgo; National Advancement Party (PAN), Alvaro ARZUIrigoyen; National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario SANDOVAL Alarcon; SocialDemocratic Party (PSD), Mario SOLARZANO Martinez; Popular Alliance 5 (AP-5),Max ORLANDO Molina; Revolutionary Party (PR), Carlos CHAVARRIA; NationalAuthentic Center (CAN), Hector MAYORA Dawe; Democratic Institutional Party(PID), Oscar RIVAS; Nationalist United Front (FUN), Gabriel GIRON;Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), Efrain RIOS MonttOther political or pressure groups:Federated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CACIF); Mutual Support Group(GAM); Agrarian Owners Group (UNAGRO); Committee for Campesino Unity (CUC);leftist guerrilla movement known as Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union(URNG) has four main factions - Guerrilla army of the Poor (EGP);Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA); Rebel Armed Forces(FAR); Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT/O)Suffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:Congress:last held on 11 November 1990 (next to be held 11 November 1995); results -UCN 25.6%, MAS 24.3%, DCG 17.5%, PAN 17.3%, MLN 4.8%, PSD/AP-5 3.6%, PR2.1%; seats - (116 total) UCN 38, DCG 27, MAS 18, PAN 12, Pro - Rios Montt10, MLN 4, PR 1, PSD/AP-5 1, independent 5
*Guatemala, Government
President:runoff held on 11 January 1991 (next to be held 11 November 1995); results -Jorge SERRANO Elias (MAS) 68.1%, Jorge CARPIO Nicolle (UCN) 31.9%note:President SERRANO resigned on 1 June 1993 shortly after dissolving Congressand the judiciary; on 6 June 1993, Ramiro DE LEON Carpio was chosen as thenew president by a vote of Congress; he will finish off the remainder ofSERRANO's five-year term which expires in 1995Executive branch:president, vice president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)Legislative branch:unicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica)Judicial branch:Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia)Leaders:Chief of State and Head of Government:President Ramiro DE LEON Carpio (since 6 June 1993); Vice President ArturoHERBRUGER (since 18 June 1993)Member of:BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU,LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Juan Jose CASO-FANJULchancery:2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 745-4952 through 4954consulates general:Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and SanFranciscoUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Marilyn MCAFEE (since 28 May 1993)embassy:7-01 Avenida de la Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala Citymailing address:APO AA 34024telephone:[502] (2) 31-15-41FAX:[502] (2) 318855Flag: three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light bluewith the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includesa green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing theinscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date ofindependence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and apair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath
*Guatemala, Economy
Overview:The economy is based on family and corporate agriculture, which accounts for26% of GDP, employs about 60% of the labor force, and supplies two-thirds ofexports. Manufacturing, predominantly in private hands, accounts for about18% of GDP and 12% of the labor force. In both 1990 and 1991, the economygrew by 3%, the fourth and fifth consecutive years of mild growth. In 1992growth picked up to 4% as government policies favoring competition andforeign trade and investment took stronger hold.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $12.6 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:4.2% (1992)National product per capita:$1,300 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):14% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:6.5% (1991 est.), with 30-40% underemploymentBudget:revenues $604 million; expenditures $808 million, including capitalexpenditures of $134 million (1990 est.)Exports:$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992)commodities:coffee 26%, sugar 13%, bananas 7%, beef 3%partners:US 36%, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Germany, HondurasImports:$1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992)commodities:fuel and petroleum products, machinery, grain, fertilizers, motor vehiclespartners:US 40%, Mexico, Venezuela, Japan, GermanyExternal debt:$2.5 billion (December 1992 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 1.9% (1991 est.); accounts for 18% of GDPElectricity:847,600 kW capacity; 2,500 million kWh produced, 260 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals,rubber, tourismAgriculture:accounts for 26% of GDP; most important sector of economy; contributestwo-thirds of export earnings; principal crops - sugarcane, corn, bananas,coffee, beans, cardamom; livestock - cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens; foodimporterIllicit drugs:illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drugtrade; the government has an active eradication program for cannabis andopium poppy; transit country for cocaine shipmentsEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.92 billionCurrency:1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos
*Guatemala, Economy
Exchange rates:free market quetzales (Q) per US$1 - 5.2850 (December 1993), 5.1706 (1992),5.0289 (1991), 2.8161 (1989), 2.6196 (1988); note - black-market rate 2.800(May 1989)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Guatemala, Communications
Railroads:1,019 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track; 917 km government owned, 102 kmprivately ownedHighways:26,429 km total; 2,868 km paved, 11,421 km gravel, and 12,140 unimprovedInland waterways:260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-waterseasonPipelines:crude oil 275 kmPorts:Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de CastillaMerchant marine:1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,129 GRT/6,450 DWTAirports:total:474usable:418with permanent-surface runways:11with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:3with runways 1,220-2,439 m:21Telecommunications:fairly modern network centered in Guatemala [city]; 97,670 telephones;broadcast stations - 91 AM, no FM, 25 TV, 15 shortwave; connection intoCentral American Microwave System; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
*Guatemala, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Air ForceManpower availability:males age 15-49 2,410,760; fit for military service 1,576,569; reachmilitary age (18) annually 115,178 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $121 million, 1% of GDP (1993)
*Guernsey, Header
Affiliation:(British crown dependency)
*Guernsey, Geography
Location:in the English Channel, 52 km west of France between UK and FranceMap references:EuropeArea:total area:194 km2land area:194 km2comparative area:slightly larger than Washington, DCnote:includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islandsLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:50 kmMaritime claims:exclusive fishing zone:200 nmterritorial sea:3 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcastTerrain:mostly level with low hills in southwestNatural resources:croplandLand use:arable land:NA%permanent crops:NA%meadows and pastures:NA%forest and woodland:NA%other:NA%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port
*Guernsey, People
Population:63,075 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.02% (1993 est.)Birth rate:13.1 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:10.08 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:7.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:77.96 yearsmale:75.27 yearsfemale:80.68 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:1.66 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Channel Islander(s)adjective:Channel IslanderEthnic divisions:UK and Norman-French descentReligions:Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, MethodistLanguages:English, French; Norman-French dialect spoken in country districtsLiteracy:total population:NA%male: NA%female:NA%Labor force:NA
*Guernsey, Government
Names:conventional long form:Bailiwick of Guernseyconventional short form:GuernseyDigraph:GKType:British crown dependencyCapital:Saint Peter PortAdministrative divisions:none (British crown dependency)Independence:none (British crown dependency)Constitution:unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practiceLegal system:English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal CourtNational holiday:Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)Political parties and leaders:none; all independentsSuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:Assembly of the States:last held NA (next to be held NA); results - no percent of vote by partysince all are independents; seats - (60 total, 33 elected), all independentsExecutive branch:British monarch, lieutenant governor, bailiff, deputy bailiffLegislative branch:unicameral Assembly of the StatesJudicial branch:Royal CourtLeaders:Chief of State:Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)Head of Government:Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Lt. Gen. Sir Michael WILKINS(since NA 1990); Bailiff Mr. Graham Martyn DOREY (since February 1992)Member of:noneDiplomatic representation in US:none (British crown dependency)US diplomatic representation: none (British crown dependency)Flag:white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extendingto the edges of the flag
*Guernsey, Economy
Overview:Tourism is a major source of revenue. Other economic activity includesfinancial services, breeding the world-famous Guernsey cattle, and growingtomatoes and flowers for export.National product:GDP - $NANational product real growth rate:9% (1987)National product per capita:$NAInflation rate (consumer prices):7% (1988)Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $208.9 million; expenditures $173.9 million, including capitalexpenditures of $NA (1988)Exports:$NAcommodities:tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetablespartners:UK (regarded as internal trade)Imports:$NAcommodities:coal, gasoline, and oilpartners:UK (regarded as internal trade)External debt:$NAIndustrial production:growth rate NA%Electricity:173,000 kW capacity; 525 million kWh produced, 9,060 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:tourism, bankingAgriculture:tomatoes, flowers (mostly grown in greenhouses), sweet peppers, eggplant,other vegetables, fruit; Guernsey cattleEconomic aid:noneCurrency:1 Guernsey (#G) pound = 100 penceExchange rates:Guernsey pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652(1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988); note - the Guernseypound is at par with the British poundFiscal year:calendar year
*Guernsey, Communications
Ports:Saint Peter Port, Saint SampsonAirports:total:2useable:2with permanent-surface runways:2with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:0with runways 1,220-2,439 m:1Telecommunications:broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 41,900 telephones; 1 submarine cable
*Guernsey, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
*Guinea, Geography
Location:Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Guinea-Bissau andSierra LeoneMap references:Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:245,860 km2land area:245,860 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than OregonLand boundaries:total 3,399 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Liberia 563 km,Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 kmCoastline:320 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) withsouthwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterlyharmattan windsTerrain:generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interiorNatural resources:bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fishLand use:arable land:6%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:12%forest and woodland:42%other:40%Irrigated land:240 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season;deforestation
*Guinea, People
Population:6,236,506 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:2.46% (1993 est.)Birth rate:44.76 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:20.13 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:141.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:43.68 yearsmale:41.49 yearsfemale:45.93 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:5.9 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality: noun:Guinean(s)adjective:GuineanEthnic divisions:Fulani 35%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, indigenous tribes 15%Religions:Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%Languages:French (official); each tribe has its own languageLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:24%male:35%female:13%Labor force:2.4 million (1983)by occupation:agriculture 82.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%note:88,112 civil servants (1987); 52% of population of working age (1985)
*Guinea, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Guineaconventional short form:Guinealocal long form:Republique de Guineelocal short form:Guineeformer:French GuineaDigraph:GVType:republicCapital:ConakryAdministrative divisions:33 administrative regions (regions administratives, singular - regionadministrative); Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba,Dinguiraye, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane,Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola,Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue,YomouIndependence:2 October 1958 (from France)Constitution: 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)Legal system:based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codescurrently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:Anniversary of the Second Republic, 3 April (1984)Political parties and leaders:political parties were legalized on 1 April 1992pro-government:Party for Unity and Progress (PUP), leader NAother:Rally for the Guinean People (RPG), Alpha CONDE; Union for a New Republic(UNR), Mamadon BAH; Party for Renewal and Progress (PRP), Siradion DIALLOSuffrage:noneElections:noneExecutive branch:president, Transitional Committee for National Recovery (ComiteTransitionale de Redressement National or CTRN) replaced the MilitaryCommittee for National Recovery (Comite Militaire de Redressement Nationalor CMRN); Council of Ministers (cabinet)Legislative branch:unicameral People's National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale Populaire) wasdissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup; framework established in December1991 for a new National Assembly with 114 seatsJudicial branch:Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel)Leaders:Chief of State and Head of Government:Gen. Lansana CONTE (since 5 April 1984)
*Guinea, Government
Member of:ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO,IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO(correspondent), ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Ansoumane CAMARAchancery:2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 483-9420US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Dane F. SMITH, Jr.embassy:2nd Boulevard and 9th Avenue, Conakrymailing address:B. P. 603, Conakrytelephone: (224) 44-15-20 through 24FAX:(224) 44-15-22Flag:three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses thepopular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, whichhas a large black letter R centered in the yellow band
*Guinea, Economy
Overview:Although possessing many natural resources and considerable potential foragricultural development, Guinea is one of the poorest countries in theworld. The agricultural sector contributes about 40% to GDP and employs morethan 80% of the work force, while industry accounts for 27% of GDP. Guineapossesses over 25% of the world's bauxite reserves; exports of bauxite andalumina accounted for about 70% of total exports in 1989.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $3 billion (1990 est.)National product real growth rate:4.3% (1990 est.)National product per capita:$410 (1990 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):19.6% (1990 est.)Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $449 million; expenditures $708 million, including capitalexpenditures of $361 million (1990 est.)Exports:$788 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)commodities:alumina, bauxite, diamonds, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernelspartners:US 33%, EC 33%, USSR and Eastern Europe 20%, CanadaImports:$692 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.)commodities:petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs,textiles, and other grainpartners:US 16%, France, BrazilExternal debt:$2.6 billion (1990 est.)Industrial production:growth rate NA%; accounts for 27% of GDPElectricity:113,000 kW capacity; 300 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1989)Industries:bauxite mining, alumina, gold, diamond mining, light manufacturing andagricultural processing industriesAgriculture:accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistencefarming; principal products - rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels,cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock - cattle, sheep andgoats; not self-sufficient in food grainsEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1,465 million; OPECbilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $446millionCurrency:1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimesExchange rates:Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 675 (1990), 618 (1989), 515 (1988), 440(1987), 383 (1986)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Guinea, Communications
Railroads:1,045 km; 806 km 1.000-meter gauge, 239 km 1.435-meter standard gaugeHighways:30,100 km total; 1,145 km paved, 12,955 km gravel or laterite (of whichbarely 4,500 km are currently all-weather roads), 16,000 km unimproved earth(1987)Inland waterways:1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craftPorts:Conakry, KamsarAirports:total:15usable:15with permanent-surface runways:4with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:3with runways 1,220-2,439 m:10Telecommunications:poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations,and new radio relay system; 15,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM 1FM, 1 TV; 65,000 TV sets; 200,000 radio receivers; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSATearth station
*Guinea, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, Presidential Guard,Republican Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police ForceManpower availability:males age 15-49 1,403,776; fit for military service 708,078 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $29 million, 1.2% of GDP (1988)
*Guinea-Bissau, Geography
Location:Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Guinea andSenegalMap references:Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:36,120 km2land area:28,000 km2comparative area:slightly less than three times the size of ConnecticutLand boundaries:total 724 km, Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 kmCoastline:350 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on 12 November 1991 rendered itsdecision on the Guinea-Bissau/Senegal maritime boundary in favor of SenegalClimate:tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June toNovember) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) withnortheasterly harmattan windsTerrain:mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in eastNatural resources:unexploited deposits of petroleum, bauxite, phosphates, fish, timberLand use:arable land:11%permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:43%forest and woodland:38%other:7%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season
*Guinea-Bissau, People
Population:1,072,439 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:2.38% (1993 est.)Birth rate:41.26 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:17.45 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:122.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:47.03 yearsmale:45.38 yearsfemale:48.73 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:5.6 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Guinea-Bissauan(s)adjective:Guinea-BissauanEthnic divisions:African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%),European and mulatto less than 1%Religions:indigenous beliefs 65%, Muslim 30%, Christian 5%Languages:Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languagesLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:36%male:50%female:24%Labor force:403,000 (est.)by occupation:agriculture 90%, industry, services, and commerce 5%, government 5%note:population of working age 53% (1983)
*Guinea-Bissau, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Guinea-Bissauconventional short form:Guinea-Bissaulocal long form:Republica de Guine-Bissaulocal short form:Guine-Bissauformer:Portuguese GuineaDigraph:PUType:republic highly centralized multiparty since mid-1991; the African Party forthe Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) held anextraordinary party congress in December 1990 and established a two-yeartransition program during which the constitution will be revised, allowingfor multiple political parties and a presidential election in 1993Capital:BissauAdministrative divisions:9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama,Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, TombaliIndependence:10 September 1974 (from Portugal)Constitution:16 May 1984Legal system:NANational holiday:Independence Day, 10 September (1974)Political parties and leaders:African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC),President Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, leader; Democratic Social Front (FDS),Rafael BARBOSA, leader; Bafata Movement, Domingos Fernandes GARNER, leader;Democratic Front, Aristides MENEZES, leadernote:PAIGC is still the major party (of 10 parties) and controls all aspects ofthe governmentSuffrage:15 years of age; universalElections:National People's Assembly:last held 15 June 1989 (next to be held 15 June 1994); results - PAIGC isthe only party; seats - (150 total) PAIGC 150, appointed by RegionalCouncilsPresident of Council of State:last held 19 June 1989 (next to be held NA 1993); results - Gen. JoaoBernardo VIEIRA was reelected without opposition by the National People'sAssemblyExecutive branch:president of the Council of State, vice presidents of the Council of State,Council of State, Council of Ministers (cabinet)Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular)Judicial branch:none; there is a Ministry of Justice in the Council of Ministers
*Guinea-Bissau, Government
Leaders:Chief of State and Head of Government:President of the Council of State Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power14 November 1980 and elected President of Council of State on 16 May 1984)Member of:ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB,IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN,UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Alfredo Lopes CABRALchancery:918 16th Street NW, Mezzanine Suite, Washington, DC 20006telephone:(202) 872-4222US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Roger A. MAGUIREembassy:17 Avenida Domingos Ramos, Bissaumailing address:1067 Bissau Codex, Bissautelephone:[245] 20-1139, 20-1145, 20-1113FAX:[245] 20-1159Flag:two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical redband on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in thered band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to theflag of Cape Verde, which has the black star raised above the center of thered band and is framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell
*Guinea-Bissau, Economy
Overview:Guinea-Bissau ranks among the poorest countries in the world, with a percapita GDP of roughly $200. Agriculture and fishing are the main economicactivities. Cashew nuts, peanuts, and palm kernels are the primary exports.Exploitation of known mineral deposits is unlikely at present because of aweak infrastructure and the high cost of development. The government'sfour-year plan (1988-91) targeted agricultural development as the toppriority.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $210 million (1991 est.)National product real growth rate: 2.3% (1991 est.)National product per capita:$210 (1991 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):55% (1991 est.)Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $33.6 million; expenditures $44.8 million, including capitalexpenditures of $.57 million (1991 est.)Exports:$20.4 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:cashews, fish, peanuts, palm kernelspartners:Portugal, Senegal, France, The Gambia, Netherlands, SpainImports:$63.5 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:capital equipment, consumer goods, semiprocessed goods, foods, petroleumpartners:Portugal, Netherlands, Senegal, USSR, GermanyExternal debt:$462 million (December 1990 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 1.0% (1989 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP (1989 est.)Electricity:22,000 kW capacity; 30 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)Industries:agricultural processing, beer, soft drinksAgriculture:accounts for over 50% of GDP, nearly 100% of exports, and 90% of employment;rice is the staple food; other crops include corn, beans, cassava, cashewnuts, peanuts, palm kernels, and cotton; not self-sufficient in food;fishing and forestry potential not fully exploitedEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $49 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $615 million; OPECbilateral aid (1979-89), $41 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $68millionCurrency:1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavosExchange rates:Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1 - 1987.2 (1989), 1363.6 (1988), 851.65(1987), 238.98 (1986)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Guinea-Bissau, Communications
Highways:3,218 km; 2,698 km bituminous, remainder earthInland waterways:scattered stretches are important to coastal commercePorts:BissauAirports:total:33usable:15with permanent-surface runways:4with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:1with runways 1,220-2,439 m:5Telecommunications:poor system of radio relay, open-wire lines, and radiocommunications; 3,000telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 3 FM, 1 TV
*Guinea-Bissau, Defense Forces
Branches:People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; including Army, Navy, Air Force),paramilitary forceManpower availability:males age 15-49 235,931; fit for military service 134,675 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $9.3 million, 5%-6% of GDP (1987)
*Guyana, Geography
Location:Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Surinameand VenezuelaMap references:South America, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:214,970 km2land area:196,850 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than IdahoLand boundaries:total 2,462 km, Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 kmCoastline:459 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf:200 nm or the outer edge of continental marginexclusive fishing zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:all of the area west of the Essequibo River claimed by Venezuela; Surinameclaims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Koetari Rivers(all headwaters of the Courantyne)Climate:tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons(May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)Terrain:mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in southNatural resources:bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fishLand use:arable land:3%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:6%forest and woodland:83%other:8%Irrigated land:1,300 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:flash floods a constant threat during rainy seasons; water pollution
*Guyana, People
Population:734,640 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:-0.68% (1993 est.)Birth rate:20.47 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:7.39 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-19.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:49.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:64.7 yearsmale:61.46 yearsfemale:68.1 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:2.35 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun: Guyanese (singular and plural)adjective:GuyaneseEthnic divisions:East Indian 51%, black and mixed 43%, Amerindian 4%, European and Chinese 2%Religions:Christian 57%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 1%Languages:English, Amerindian dialectsLiteracy:age 15 and over having ever attended scool (1990)total population:95%male:98%female:96%Labor force:268,000by occupation:industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7%note:public-sector employment amounts to 60-80% of the total labor force (1985)
*Guyana, Government
Names:conventional long form:Co-operative Republic of Guyanaconventional short form:Guyanaformer:British GuianaDigraph:GYType:republicCapital:GeorgetownAdministrative divisions:10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, EastBerbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice,Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, UpperTakutu-Upper EssequiboIndependence:26 May 1966 (from UK)Constitution:6 October 1980Legal system:based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; hasnot accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:Republic Day, 23 February (1970)Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), Hugh Desmond HOYTE; People'sProgressiveParty (PPP), Cheddi JAGAN; Working People's Alliance (WPA), Eusi KWAYANA,Rupert ROOPNARINE; Democratic Labor Movement (DLM), Paul TENNASSEE; People'sDemocratic Movement (PDM), Llewellyn JOHN; National Democratic Front (NDF),Joseph BACCHUS; The United Force (TUF), Manzoor NADIR; United RepublicanParty (URP), Leslie RAMSAMMY; National Republican Party (NRP), RobertGANGADEEN; Guyana Labor Party (GLP), Nanda GOPAULOther political or pressure groups:Trades Union Congress (TUC); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO);Civil Liberties Action Committee (CLAC)note:the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organizedSuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:Executive President:last held on 5 October 1992; results - Cheddi JAGAN was elected presidentsince he was leader of the party with the most votes in the NationalAssembly electionsNational Assembly:last held on 5 October 1992 (next to be held in 1997); results - PPP 53.4%,PNC 42.3%, WPA 2%, TUF 1.2%; seats - (65 total, 53 elected) PPP 36, PNC 26,WPA 2, TUF 1Executive branch:executive president, first vice president, prime minister, first deputyprime minister, CabinetLegislative branch:unicameral National AssemblyJudicial branch:Supreme Court of Judicature
*Guyana, Government
Leaders:Chief of State:Executive President Cheddi JAGAN (since 5 October 1992); First VicePresident Sam HINDS (since 5 October 1992)Head of Government:Prime Minister Sam HINDS (since 5 October 1992)Member of:ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS,UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Dr. Odeen ISHMAELchancery:2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 265-6900consulate general:New YorkUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission: Ambassador George Jonesembassy:99-100 Young and Duke Streets, Georgetownmailing address:P. O. Box 10507, Georgetowntelephone:[592] (2) 54900 through 54909 and 57960 through 57969FAX:[592] (2) 58497Flag:green with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposedon a long yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow black border between the redand yellow, and a narrow white border between the yellow and the green
*Guyana, Economy
Overview:Guyana is one of the world's poorest countries with a per capita income lessthan one-fifth the South American average. After growing on average at lessthan 1% a year in 1986-87, GDP dropped by 5% a year in 1988-90. The declineresulted from bad weather, labor trouble in the cane fields, and floodingand equipment problems in the bauxite industry. Consumer prices rose about100% in 1989 and 75% in 1990, and the current account deficit widenedsubstantially as sugar and bauxite exports fell. Moreover, electric powerhas been in short supply and constitutes a major barrier to future gains innational output. The government, in association with international financialagencies, seeks to reduce its payment arrears and to raise new funds. Thegovernment's stabilization program - aimed at establishing realisticexchange rates, reasonable price stability, and a resumption of growth -requires considerable public administrative abilities and continued patienceby consumers during a long incubation period. Buoyed by a recovery in miningand agriculture, the economy posted 6% growth in 1991 and 7% growth in 1992,according to official figures. A large volume of illegal and quasi-legaleconomic activity is not captured in estimates of the country's totaloutput.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $267.5 million (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:7% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$370 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):15% (1992)Unemployment rate:12%-15% (1991 est.)Budget:revenues $121 million; expenditures $225 million, including capitalexpenditures of $50 million (1990 est.)Exports:$268 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:sugar, bauxite/alumina, rice, gold, shrimp, molasses, timber, rumpartners:UK 28%, US 25%, FRG 8%, Canada 7%, Japan 6% (1989)Imports:$242.4 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)commodities:manufactures, machinery, food, petroleumpartners:US 40%, Trinidad & Tobago 13%, UK 11%, Japan 5%, Netherland Antilles 3%(1989)External debt:$2 billion including arrears (1990)Industrial production:growth rate 12% (1990 est.); accounts for about 24% of GDPElectricity:253,500 kW capacity; 276 million kWh produced, 370 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:bauxite mining, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles,gold miningAgriculture:most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and about half of exports;sugar and rice are key crops; development potential exists for fishing andforestry; not self-sufficient in food, especially wheat, vegetable oils, andanimal products
*Guyana, Economy
Economic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $116 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $325 million;Communist countries 1970-89, $242 millionCurrency:1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 centsExchange rates:Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1 - 125.8 (January 1993) 125.0 (1992), 111.8(1991), 39.533 (1990), 27.159 (1989), 10.000 (1988)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Guyana, Communications
Railroads:187 km total, all single track 0.914-meter gaugeHighways:7,665 km total; 550 km paved, 5,000 km gravel, 1,525 km earth, 590 kmunimprovedInland waterways:6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and EssequiboRivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km,respectivelyPorts:Georgetown, New AmsterdamMerchant marine:1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,317 GRT/2,558 DWTAirports: total:53usable:48with permanent-surface runways:5with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:0with runways 1,220-2,439 m:13Telecommunications:fair system with radio relay network; over 27,000 telephones; troposphericscatter link to Trinidad; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 3 FM, no TV, 1shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
*Guyana, Defense Forces
Branches:Guyana Defense Force (GDF; including the Ground Forces, Coast Guard and AirCorps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS)Manpower availability:males age 15-49 196,960; fit for military service 149,583 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:$NA, NA% of GDP
*Haiti, Geography
Location:in the northern Caribbean Sea, about 90 km southeast of CubaMap references:Central America and the Caribbean, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:27,750 km2land area:27,560 km2comparative area:slightly larger than MarylandLand boundaries:total 275 km, Dominican Republic 275 kmCoastline:1,771 kmMaritime claims:contiguous zone:24 nmcontinental shelf:to depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nmInternational disputes:claims US-administered Navassa IslandClimate:tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade windsTerrain:mostly rough and mountainousNatural resources:bauxiteLand use:arable land:20%permanent crops:13%meadows and pastures:18%forest and woodland:4%other:45%Irrigated land:750 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms fromJune to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; deforestation; soilerosionNote:shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third isHaiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)
*Haiti, People
Population:6,384,877 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.68% (1993 est.)Birth rate:40.77 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:18.88 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-5.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:109.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:45.45 yearsmale:43.88 yearsfemale:47.11 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:6.05 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality: noun:Haitian(s)adjective:HaitianEthnic divisions:black 95%, mulatto and European 5%Religions:Roman Catholic 80% (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo),Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none1%, other 3% (1982)Languages:French (official) 10%, CreoleLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:53%male:59%female:47%Labor force:2.3 millionby occupation:agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%note:shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1982)
*Haiti, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Haiticonventional short form:Haitilocal long form:Republique d'Haitilocal short form:HaitiDigraph:HAType:republicCapital:Port-au-PrinceAdministrative divisions:9 departments, (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre,Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-EstIndependence:1 January 1804 (from France)Constitution:27 August 1983, suspended February 1986; draft constitution approved March1987, suspended June 1988, most articles reinstated March 1989; October1991, government claims to be observing the ConstitutionLegal system: based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:Independence Day, 1 January (1804)Political parties and leaders:National Front for Change and Democracy (FNCD), including National Congressof Democratic Movements (CONACOM), Victor BENOIT, and National CooperativeAction Movement (MKN), Volvick Remy JOSEPH; Movement for the Installation ofDemocracy in Haiti (MIDH), Marc BAZIN; National Progressive RevolutionaryParty (PANPRA), Serge GILLES; National Patriotic Movement of November 28(MNP-28), Dejean BELIZAIRE; National Agricultural and Industrial Party(PAIN), Louis DEJOIE; Movement for National Reconstruction (MRN), ReneTHEODORE; Haitian Christian Democratic Party (PDCH), Joseph DOUZE; Assemblyof Progressive National Democrats (RDNP), Leslie MANIGAT; National Party ofLabor (PNT), Thomas DESULME; Mobilization for National Development (MDN),Hubert DE RONCERAY; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti(MODELH), Francois LATORTUE; Haitian Social Christian Party (PSCH), GregoireEUGENE; Movement for the Organization of the Country (MOP), Gesner COMEAUand Jean MOLIEREOther political or pressure groups:Democratic Unity Confederation (KID); Roman Catholic Church; Confederationof Haitian Workers (CTH); Federation of Workers Trade Unions (FOS);Autonomous Haitian Workers (CATH); National Popular Assembly (APN)Suffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:Chamber of Deputies:last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to beheld by December 1994); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (83 total)FNCD 27, ANDP 17, PDCH 7, PAIN 6, RDNP 6, MDN 5, PNT 3, MKN 2, MODELH 2, MRN1, independents 5, other 2President:last held 16 December 1990 (next election to be held by December 1995);results - Rev. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE4.9%
*Haiti, Government
Senate:last held 18 January 1993, widely condemned as illegitimate (next to be heldDecember 1994); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (27 total) FNCD 12,ANDP 8, PAIN 2, MRN 1, RDNP 1, PNT 1, independent 2Executive branch:president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)Legislative branch:bicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) consisting of an upperhouse or Senate and a lower house or Chamber of DeputiesJudicial branch:Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation)Leaders:Chief of State:President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991), ousted in a coupin September 1991, but still recognized by international community as Chiefof StateHead of Government: de facto Prime Minister Marc BAZIN (since NA June 1992)Member of:ACCT, ACP, CARICOM (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,LAES, LORCS, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Jean CASIMIRchancery:2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 332-4090 through 4092consulates general:Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Special Charge d'Affaires Charles REDMANembassy:Harry Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Princemailing address:P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Princetelephone:[509] 22-0354, 22-0368, 22-0200, or 22-0612FAX:[509] 23-9007Flag:two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered whiterectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked byflags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE(Union Makes Strength)
*Haiti, Economy
Overview:About 75% of the population live in abject poverty. Agriculture is mainlysmall-scale subsistence farming and employs nearly three-fourths of the workforce. The majority of the population does not have ready access to safedrinking water, adequate medical care, or sufficient food. Few socialassistance programs exist, and the lack of employment opportunities remainsone of the most critical problems facing the economy, along with soilerosion and political instability. Trade sanctions applied by theOrganization of American States in response to the September 1991 coupagainst President ARISTIDE have further damaged the economy.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $2.2 billion (1991 est.)National product real growth rate:-4% (FY91 est.)National product per capita:$340 (1991 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):20% (FY91 est.)Unemployment rate:25-50% (1991)Budget:revenues $300 million; expenditures $416 million, including capitalexpenditures of $145 million (1990 est.)Exports:$146 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:light manufactures 65%, coffee 19%, other agriculture 8%, other 8%partners:US 84%, Italy 4%, France 3%, other industrial countries 6%, less developedcountries 3% (1987)Imports:$252 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:machines and manufactures 34%, food and beverages 22%, petroleum products14%, chemicals 10%, fats and oils 9%partners:US 64%, Netherlands Antilles 5%, Japan 5%, France 4%, Canada 3%, Germany 3%(1987)External debt:$838 million (December 1990)Industrial production:growth rate -2.0% (1991 est.); accounts for 15% of GDPElectricity:217,000 kW capacity; 480 million kWh produced, 75 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, tourism,light assembly industries based on imported partsAgriculture:accounts for 28% of GDP and employs around 70% of work force; mostlysmall-scale subsistence farms; commercial crops - coffee, mangoes,sugarcane, wood; staple crops - rice, corn, sorghum; shortage of wheat flourIllicit drugs:transshipment point for cocaineEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $700 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $770 millionCurrency:1 gourde (G) = 100 centimes
*Haiti, Economy
Exchange rates:gourdes (G) per US$1 - 8.4 (December 1991), fixed rate of 5.000 throughsecond quarter of 1991)Fiscal year:1 October - 30 September
*Haiti, Communications
Railroads:40 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, single-track, privately owned industriallineHighways:4,000 km total; 950 km paved, 900 km otherwise improved, 2,150 km unimprovedInland waterways:negligible; less than 100 km navigablePorts:Port-au-Prince, Cap-HaitienAirports:total:13usable:10with permanent-surface runways:3with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:1with runways 1,220-2,439 m:3Telecommunications:domestic facilities barely adequate, international facilities slightlybetter; 36,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 33 AM, no FM, 4 TV, 2shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
*Haiti, Defense Forces
Branches:Army (including Police), Navy, Air ForceManpower availability:males age 15-49 1,289,310; fit for military service 695,997; reach militaryage (18) annually 60,588 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $34 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988 est.)
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Header
Affiliation: (territory of Australia)
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Geography
Location:in the Indian Ocean, 4,100 km southwest of AustraliaMap references:Antarctic RegionArea:total area:412 km2land area:412 km2 comparative area:slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DCLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:101.9 kmMaritime claims:exclusive fishing zone:200 nmterritorial sea:3 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:antarcticTerrain:Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with an extinct volcano; McDonaldIslands - small and rockyNatural resources:noneLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:0%other:100%Irrigated land:0 km2Environment:primarily used for research stations
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, People
Population: uninhabited
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Government
Names:conventional long form:Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islandsconventional short form:Heard Island and McDonald IslandsDigraph:HMType:territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Arts, Sport, theEnvironment, Tourism and TerritoriesCapital:none; administered from Canberra, AustraliaIndependence:none (territory of Australia)
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Economy
Overview: no economic activity
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Communications
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
*Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia
*Holy See (Vatican City), Geography
Location:Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome - central ItalyMap references:EuropeArea:total area:0.44 km2land area:0.44 km2comparative area:about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DCLand boundaries:total 3.2 km, Italy 3.2 kmCoastline:0 km (landlocked)Maritime claims:none; landlockedInternational disputes:noneClimate:temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers(May to September)Terrain:low hillNatural resources: noneLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:0%other:100%Irrigated land:0 km2Environment:urbanNote:landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside theVatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summerresidence) enjoy extraterritorial rights
*Holy See (Vatican City), People
Population:811 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.15% (1993 est.)Birth rate:NA births/1,000 populationDeath rate:NA deaths/1,000 populationNet migration rate:NA migrant(s)/1,000 populationInfant mortality rate:NA deaths/1,000 live birthsLife expectancy at birth:total population:NA yearsmale:NA yearsfemale:NA yearsTotal fertility rate:NA children born/womanNationality:noun:noneadjective:noneEthnic divisions:Italians, SwissReligions:Roman CatholicLanguages: Italian, Latin, various other languagesLiteracy:total population:NA%male:NA%female:NA%Labor force:NAby occupation:dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outsidethe Vatican