*Kazakhstan, Government
Head of Government:Prime Minister Sergey TERESHENKO (since 14 October 1991); First Deputy PrimeMinister Davlat SEMBAYEV (since NA November 1990); Supreme Council ChairmanSerikbolsyn ABDILDIN (since NA July 1991)Member of:CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, IBRD, IDA, IMF, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPUDiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Alim S. DJAMBOURCHINEchancery:3421 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20007telephone:(202) 333-4504US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador William H. COURTNEYembassy:Furumanova 99/97, Almatymailing address:US Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20521-7030telephone:(3272) 63-24-26Flag:sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rayssoaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a"national ornamentation" in yellow
*Kazakhstan, Economy
Overview:The second-largest in area of the 15 former Soviet republics, Kazakhstan hasvast oil, coal, and agricultural resources. Kazakhstan is highly dependenton trade with Russia, exchanging its natural resources for finished consumerand industrial goods. Kazakhstan now finds itself with serious pollutionproblems, backward technology, and little experience in foreign markets. Thegovernment in 1992 continued to push privatization of the economy and freedmany prices. Output in 1992 dropped because of problems common to theex-Soviet Central Asian republics, especially the cumulative effects of thedisruption of old supply channels and the slow process of creating neweconomic institutions. Kazakhstan lacks the funds, technology, andmanagerial skills for a quick recovery of output. US firms have beenenlisted to increase oil output but face formidable obstacles; for example,oil can now reach Western markets only through pipelines that run acrossindependent former Soviet republics. Finally, the end of monolithicCommunist control has brought ethnic grievances into the open. The 6 millionRussians in the republic, formerly the favored class, now face the hostilityof a society dominated by Muslims. Ethnic rivalry will be just one of theformidable obstacles to the prioritization of national objectives and thecreation of a productive, technologically advancing society.National product:GDP $NANational product real growth rate:-15% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$NAInflation rate (consumer prices):28% per month (first quarter 1993)Unemployment rate:0.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers ofunderemployed workersBudget:revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $1.76billion (1991)Exports:$1.5 billion to outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)commodities:oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat (1991)partners:Russia, Ukraine, UzbekistanImports:$500 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)commodities:machinery and parts, industrial materialspartners:Russia and other former Soviet republics, ChinaExternal debt:$2.6 billion (1991 est.)Industrial production:growth rate -15% (1992 est.); accounts for 30% of net material productElectricity:19,135,000 kW capacity; 81,300 million kWh produced, 4,739 kWh per capita(1992)Industries:extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), iron andsteel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electricmotors, construction materials
*Kazakhstan, Economy
Agriculture:accounts for almost 40% of net material product; employs about 25% of thelabor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, woolIllicit drugs:illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limitedgovernment eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicitdrugs to Western EuropeEconomic aid:recipient of limited foreign aid (1992)Currency:retaining Russian ruble as currency (May 1993)Exchange rates:rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuationsFiscal year:calendar year
*Kazakhstan, Communications
Railroads:14,460 km (all 1.520-meter gauge); does not include industrial lines (1990)Highways:189,000 km total; 108,100 km hard surfaced (paved or gravel), 80,900 kmearth (1990)Inland waterways:Syr DaryaPipelines:crude oil 2,850 km, refined products 1,500 km, natural gas 3,480 km (1992)Ports:inland - Atyrau (Guryev; on Caspian Sea)Airports:total:365useable:152with permanent-surface runways:49with runways over 3,659 m:8with runways 2,440-3,659 m:38with runways 1,220-2,439 m:71Telecommunications:telephone service is poor, with only about 6 telephones for each 100persons; of the approximately 1 million telephones, Almaty (Alma-Ata) has184,000; international traffic with other former USSR republics and Chinacarried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite andthrough 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscowinternational gateway switch; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT and Orbita(TV receive only); new satellite ground station established at Almaty withTurkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width
*Kazakhstan, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)Manpower availability:males age 15-49 4,349,509; fit for military service 3,499,718; reachmilitary age (18) annually 154,727 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:69,326 million rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note - conversion ofthe military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate couldproduce misleading results
*Kenya, Geography
Location:Eastern Africa, bordering the northwestern India Ocean between Tanzania andSomaliaMap references:Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:582,650 km2land area:569,250 km2comparative area:slightly more than twice the size of NevadaLand boundaries:total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769km, Uganda 933 kmCoastline:536 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with internationalboundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic SomalisClimate:varies from tropical along coast to arid in interiorTerrain:low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertileplateau in westNatural resources:gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets,wildlifeLand use:arable land:3% permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:7%forest and woodland:4%other:85%Irrigated land:520 km2 (1989)Environment:unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific andeconomic value; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; glaciers onMt. KenyaNote:the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agriculturalproduction regions in Africa
*Kenya, People
Population:27,372,266 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:3.18% (1993 est.)Birth rate:43.18 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:11.41 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:74.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:54.07 yearsmale:52.27 yearsfemale:55.92 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:6.06 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Kenyan(s)adjective:KenyanEthnic divisions:Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%,Asian, European, and Arab 1%Religions:Roman Catholic 28%, Protestant (including Anglican) 26%, indigenous beliefs18%, Muslim 6%Languages:English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languagesLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:69%male:80%female:58%Labor force:9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total employed is 1,370,000 (14.8% ofthe labor force)by occupation:services 54.8%, industry 26.2%, agriculture 19.0% (1989)
*Kenya, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Kenyaconventional short form:Kenyaformer:British East AfricaDigraph:KEType:republicCapital:NairobiAdministrative divisions:8 provinces; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North Eastern, Nyanza, RiftValley, WesternIndependence:12 December 1963 (from UK)Constitution:12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979,1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992Legal system:based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review inHigh Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations;constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party staterepealed in 1991National holiday:Independence Day, 12 December (1963)Political parties and leaders:ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), Daniel T. arap MOI,president; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy(FORD-Kenya), Oginga ODINGA; FORD-Asili, Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party ofKenya (DP), Mwai KIBAKI; Kenya National Congress (KNC), Titus MBATHI; KenyaSocial Congress (KSC), George ANYONA; Kenya National Democratic Alliance(KENYA), Mukara NG'ANG'A; Party for Independent Candidates of Kenya (PKK),Otieno OTOERAOther political or pressure groups:labor unions; exile opposition - Mwakenya and other groupsSuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:President:last held on 29 December 1992; results - President Daniel T. arap MOI wasreelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth Matiba (FORD-ASILI) 26%; Mwai Kibaki(SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17%National Assembly:last held on 29 December 1992; results - (188 total) KANU 100, FORD-Kenya31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president nominates 12additional membersnote:first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state lawExecutive branch:president, vice president, CabinetLegislative branch:unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)Judicial branch:Court of Appeal, High Court
*Kenya, Government
Leaders:Chief of State and Head of Government:President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice PresidentGeorge SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989)Member of:ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD,IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS,MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL,WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Denis Daudi AFANDEchancery:2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 387-6101consulates general:Los Angeles and New YorkUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Smith HEMPSTONE, Jr.embassy:corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobimailing address:P. O. Box 30137, Nairobi or APO AE 09831telephone:[254] (2) 334141FAX:[254] (2) 340838consulate:MombasaFlag: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band isedged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears issuperimposed at the center
*Kenya, Economy
Overview:Kenya's 3.6% annual population growth rate - one of the highest in the world- presents a serious problem for the country's economy. In the meantime, GDPgrowth in the near term has kept slightly ahead of population - annuallyaveraging 4.9% in the 1986-90 period. Undependable weather conditions and ashortage of arable land hamper long-term growth in agriculture, the leadingeconomic sector. In 1991, deficient rainfall, stagnant export volume, andsagging export prices held economic growth below the all-importantpopulation growth figure, and in 1992 output fell.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $8.3 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:-1% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$320 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):30% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $2.4 billion; expenditures $2.8 billion, including capitalexpenditures of $0.74 billion (FY90)Exports:$1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% (1990)partners:EC 44%, Africa 25%, Asia 5%, US 5%, Middle East 4% (1990)Imports:$2.05 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum products15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer goods (1989)partners:EC 45%, Asia 11%, Middle East 12%, US 5% (1988)External debt:$7 billion (1992 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 5.4% (1989 est.); accounts for 13% of GDPElectricity:730,000 kW capacity; 2,540 million kWh produced, 100 kWh per capita (1990)Industries:small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap,cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining, cement, tourismAgriculture:most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and 65% of exports; cashcrops - coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple; food products - corn, wheat,sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs;food output not keeping pace with population growth, and crop production hasbeen extended into marginal landIllicit drugs:widespread wild, small-plot cultivation of marijuana and gat; most locallyconsumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africaand onward to Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits onway to South Africa
*Kenya, Economy
Economic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7,490 million; OPECbilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $83millionCurrency:1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 centsExchange rates:Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 -36.227 (January 1993), 32.217 (1992),27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989), 17.747 (1988)Fiscal year:1 July - 30 June
*Kenya, Communications
Railroads:2,040 km 1.000-meter gaugeHighways:64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earthInland waterways:part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of KenyaPipelines:petroleum products 483 kmPorts:coastal - Mombasa, Lamu; inland - KisumuMerchant marine:1 oil tanker ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,727 GRT/5,558 DWTAirports:total:247usable:208with permanent-surface runways:18with runways over 3,659 m:2with runways 2,440-3,659 m:3with runways 1,220-2,439 m:43Telecommunications:in top group of African systems; consists primarily of radio relay links;over 260,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 16 AM; 4 FM, 6 TV; satelliteearth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT
*Kenya, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the PoliceManpower availability:males age 15-49 5,912,744; fit for military service 3,654,738 (1993 est.);no conscriptionDefense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $294 million, 4.9% of GDP (FY88/89 est.)
*Kingman Reef, Header
Affiliation: (territory of the US)
*Kingman Reef, Geography
Location:in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,600 km south-southwest of Honolulu, abouthalfway between Hawaii and American SamoaMap references:OceaniaArea:total area:1 km2land area:1 km2comparative area:about 1.7 times the size of the Mall in Washington, DCLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:3 kmMaritime claims:contiguous zone:24 nmcontinental shelf:200 m or depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:tropical, but moderated by prevailing windsTerrain: low and nearly level with a maximum elevation of about 1 meterNatural resources:noneLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:0%other:100%Irrigated land:0 km2Environment:barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; wet or awash most of the timeNote:maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes this a navigational hazard; closedto the public
*Kingman Reef, People
Population: uninhabited
*Kingman Reef, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:Kingman ReefDigraph:KQType:unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US NavyCapital:none; administered from Washington, DC
*Kingman Reef, Economy
Overview: no economic activity
*Kingman Reef, Communications
Ports:none; offshore anchorage onlyAirports:lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa byPan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938
*Kingman Reef, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of the US
*Kiribati, Geography
Location:Oceania, straddling the equator in the Pacific Ocean, about halfway betweenHawaii and AustraliaMap references:OceaniaArea:total area:717 km2land area:717 km2comparative area:slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DCnote:includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, PhoenixIslandsLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:1,143 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade windsTerrain:mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefsNatural resources:phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)Land use:arable land:0%permanent crops:51%meadows and pastures:0% forest and woodland:3%other:46%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; 20 of the 33islands are inhabitedNote:Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rockislands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesiaand Nauru
*Kiribati, People
Population:76,320 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:2.03% (1993 est.)Birth rate:32.03 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:12.31 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:0.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:98.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:54.16 yearsmale:52.56 yearsfemale:55.78 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:3.82 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:I-Kiribati (singular and plural)adjective:I-KiribatiEthnic divisions:MicronesianReligions:Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant (Congregational) 40.9%, Seventh-DayAdventist, Baha'i, Church of God, Mormon 6% (1985)Languages:English (official), GilberteseLiteracy:total population:NA%male:NA% female:NA%Labor force:7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
*Kiribati, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Kiribaticonventional short form:Kiribatiformer:Gilbert IslandsDigraph:KRType:republicCapital:TarawaAdministrative divisions:3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islandsnote:a new administrative structure of 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts,Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) may have beenchanged to 21 island councils (one for each of the inhabited islands) namedAbaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Canton,Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa,Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, TerainaIndependence:12 July 1979 (from UK)Constitution:12 July 1979Legal system:NANational holiday:Independence Day, 12 July (1979)Political parties and leaders:National Progressive Party, Teatao TEANNAKI; Christian Democratic Party,Teburoro TITO; New Movement Party, leader NA; Liberal Party, TewarekaTENTOA; Maneaba Party, Roniti TEIWAKInote:there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati;they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have noparty headquarters, formal platforms, or party structuresSuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:President:last held on 8 July 1991 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - TeataoTEANNAKI 52%, Roniti TEIWAKI 28%House of Assembly:last held on 8 May 1991 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent ofvote by party NA; seats - (40 total; 39 elected) percent of seats by partyNAExecutive branch:president (Beretitenti), vice president (Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti), CabinetLegislative branch:unicameral House of Assembly (Maneaba Ni Maungatabu)Judicial branch:Court of Appeal, High CourtLeaders:Chief of State and Head of Government:President Teatao TEANNAKI (since 8 July 1991); Vice President Taomati IUTA(since 8 July 1991)
*Kiribati, Government
Member of:ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU,SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:(vacant)US diplomatic representation:the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to KiribatiFlag:the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow risingsun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes torepresent the ocean
*Kiribati, Economy
Overview:The country has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphatedeposits were exhausted at the time of independence in 1979. Copra and fishnow represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuatedwidely in recent years. Real GDP declined about 8% in 1987, as the fishcatch fell sharply to only one-fourth the level of 1986 and copra productionwas hampered by repeated rains. Output rebounded strongly in 1988, with realGDP growing by 17%. The upturn in economic growth came from an increase incopra production and a good fish catch. Following the strong surge in outputin 1988, GNP increased 1% in both 1989 and 1990.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $36.8 million (1990 est.)National product real growth rate:1% (1990 est.)National product per capita:$525 (1990 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):4.8% (1991 est.)Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $29.9 million; expenditures $16.3 million, including capitalexpenditures of $14.0 million (1990 est.)Exports:$5.8 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.)commodities:copra 18%, fish 17%, seaweed 13%partners:EC 50%, Fiji 22%, US 18% (1990)Imports:$26.7 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.)commodities:foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuelpartners:Australia 33%, Japan 24%, Fiji 19%, NZ 6%, US 6% (1990)External debt:$2 million (December 1989 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 0% (1988 est.); accounts for less than 4% of GDPElectricity:5,000 kW capacity; 13 million kWh produced, 190 kWh per capita (1990)Industries:fishing, handicraftsAgriculture:accounts for 15% of GDP (including fishing); copra and fish contribute about95% to exports; subsistence farming predominates; food crops - taro,breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; not self-sufficient in foodEconomic aid:Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89),$273 millionCurrency:1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 centsExchange rates:Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992),1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)Fiscal year:NA
*Kiribati, Communications
Highways:640 km of motorable roadsInland waterways:small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Line IslandsPorts:Banaba and Betio (Tarawa)Airports:total:21useable:20with permanent-surface runways:4with runways over 3,659 m :0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:0 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:5Telecommunications:1,400 telephones; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 1 Pacific OceanINTELSAT earth station
*Kiribati, Defense Forces
Branches:Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties;there are small police posts on all islands); no military force ismaintainedManpower availability:NADefense expenditures:$NA, NA% of GDP
*Korea, North, Geography
Location:Northeast Asia, between China and South KoreaMap references:Asia, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:120,540 km2land area:120,410 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than MississippiLand boundaries:total 1,673 km, China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 kmCoastline:2,495 kmMaritime claims:territorial sea:12 nmexclusive economic zone:200 nmmilitary boundary line:50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in theYellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission arebannedInternational disputes:short section of boundary with China is indefinite; Demarcation Line withSouth KoreaClimate:temperate with rainfall concentrated in summerTerrain:mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plainswide in west, discontinuous in eastNatural resources: coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold,pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropowerLand use:arable land:18%permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:74%other:7%Irrigated land:14,000 km2 (1989)Environment:mountainous interior is isolated, nearly inaccessible, and sparselypopulated; late spring droughts often followed by severe floodingNote:strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia
*Korea, North, People
Population:22,645,811 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.86% (1993 est.)Birth rate:24.09 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:5.52 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:28.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:69.51 yearsmale:66.42 yearsfemale:72.75 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:2.4 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Korean(s)adjective:KoreanEthnic divisions:racially homogeneousReligions:Buddhism and Confucianism, some Christianity and syncretic Chondogyonote: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsoredreligious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedomLanguages:KoreanLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:99%male:99%female:99%Labor force:9.615 millionby occupation:agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%note:shortage of skilled and unskilled labor (mid-1987 est.)
*Korea, North, Government
Names:conventional long form:Democratic People's Republic of Koreaconventional short form:North Korealocal long form:Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguklocal short form:noneAbbreviation:DPRKDigraph:KNType:Communist state; Stalinist dictatorshipCapital:P'yongyangAdministrative divisions:9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 3 special cities* (jikhalsi,, singular and plural);Chagang-do (Chagang Province), Hamgyong-bukto (NorthHamgyong Province), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong Province), Hwanghae-bukto(North Hwanghae Province), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae Province),Kaesong-si* (Kaesong City), Kangwon-do (Kangwon Province), Namp'o-si*, (Namp'o City),P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan Province), P'yongan-namdo(South P'yongan Province), P'yongyang-si* (P'yongyang City), Yanggang-do, (Yanggang Province)Independence:9 September 1948note:15 August 1945, date of independence from the Japanese and celebrated inNorth Korea as National Liberation DayConstitution:adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April1992Legal system:based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communistlegal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not acceptedcompulsory ICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:DPRK Foundation Day, 9 September (1948)Political parties and leaders:major party - Korean Workers' Party (KWP), KIM Il-song, general secretary,and his son, KIM Chong-il, secretary, Central Committee; Korean SocialDemocratic Party, KIM Yong-ho, vice-chairman; Chondoist Chongu Party, CHONGSin-hyok, chairmanSuffrage:17 years of age; universalElections:President:last held 24 May 1990 (next to be held by NA 1994); results - President KIMIl-song was reelected without oppositionSupreme People's Assembly:last held on 7-9 April 1993 (next to be held NA); results - percent of voteby party NA; seats - (687 total) the KWP approves a single list ofcandidates who are elected without opposition; minor parties hold a fewseatsExecutive branch:president, two vice presidents, premier, ten vice premiers, StateAdministration Council (cabinet)
*Korea, North, Government
Legislative branch:unicameral Supreme People's Assembly (Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui)Judicial branch:Central CourtLeaders:Chief of State:President KIM Il-song (national leader since 1948, president since 28December 1972); designated successor KIM Chong-il (son of president, born 16February 1942)Head of Government:Premier KANG Song-san (since December 1992)Member of:ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, IFAD, IMF (observer), IMO, IOC, ISO, ITU,LORCS, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:noneUS diplomatic representation:noneFlag:three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the redband is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white diskwith a red five-pointed star
*Korea, North, Economy
Overview:More than 90% of this command economy is socialized; agricultural land iscollectivized; and state-owned industry produces 95% of manufactured goods.State control of economic affairs is unusually tight even for a Communistcountry because of the small size and homogeneity of the society and thestrict rule of KIM Il-song and his son, KIM Chong-il. Economic growth duringthe period 1984-88 averaged 2-3%, but output declined by 3-5% annuallyduring 1989-92 because of systemic problems and disruptions insocialist-style economic relations with the former USSR and China. In 1992,output dropped sharply, by perhaps 10-15%, as the economy felt thecumulative effect of the reduction in outside support. The leadershipinsisted in maintaining its high level of military outlays from a shrinkingeconomic pie. Moreover, a serious drawdown in inventories and criticalshortages in the energy sector have led to increasing interruptions inindustrial production. Abundant mineral resources and hydropower have formedthe basis of industrial development since WWII. Output of the extractiveindustries includes coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead,and precious metals. Manufacturing is centered on heavy industry, includingmilitary industry, with light industry lagging far behind. Despite the useof improved seed varieties, expansion of irrigation, and the heavy use offertilizers, North Korea has not yet become self-sufficient in foodproduction. Five consecutive years of poor harvests, coupled withdistribution problems, have led to chronic food shortages. North Korearemains far behind South Korea in economic development and living standards.National product:GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $22 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:-10% to -15% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$1,000 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):NA%Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $18.5 billion; expenditures $18.4 billion, including capitalexpenditures of $NA (1992)Exports:$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:minerals, metallurgical products, agricultural and fishery products,manufactures (including armaments)partners:China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, MexicoImports:$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:petroleum, grain, coking coal, machinery and equipment, consumer goodspartners:China, Russia, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, SingaporeExternal debt:$8 billion (1992 est.)Industrial production:growth rate -15% (1992 est.)Electricity:7,300,000 kW capacity; 26,000 million kWh produced, 1,160 kWh per capita(1992)
*Korea, North, Economy
Industries:machine building, military products, electric power, chemicals, mining,metallurgy, textiles, food processingAgriculture:accounts for about 25% of GNP and 36% of work force; principal crops - rice,corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; livestock and livestock products - cattle,hogs, pork, eggs; not self-sufficient in grain; fish catch estimated at 1.7million metric tons in 1987Economic aid:Communist countries, $1.4 billion a year in the 1980sCurrency:1 North Korean won (Wn) = 100 chonExchange rates:North Korean won (Wn) per US$1 - 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1(January 1990), 2.3 (December 1989), 2.13 (December 1988), 0.94 (March 1987)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Korea, North, Communications
Railroads:4,915 km total; 4,250 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 665 km 0.762-meternarrow gauge; 159 km double track; 3,084 km electrified; government owned(1989)Highways:about 30,000 km (1991); 92.5% gravel, crushed stone, or earth surface; 7.5%pavedInland waterways:2,253 km; mostly navigable by small craft onlyPipelines:crude oil 37 kmPorts:primary - Ch'ongjin, Hungnam (Hamhung), Najin, Namp'o, Wonsan; secondary -Haeju, Kimchaek, Kosong, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), UngsangMerchant marine:80 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 675,666 GRT/1,057,815 DWT; includes 1passenger, 1 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 67 cargo, 2 oil tanker,5 bulk, 1 combination bulk, 1 containerAirports:total:55usable :55 (est.)with permanent-surface runways:about 30with runways over 3,659 m: fewer than 5with runways 2,440-3,659 m:20with runways 1,220-2,439 m:30Telecommunications:broadcast stations - 18 AM, no FM, 11 TV; 300,000 TV sets (1989); 3,500,000radio receivers; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
*Korea, North, Defense Forces
Branches:Korean People's Army (including the Army, Navy, Air Force), Civil SecurityForcesManpower availability:males age 15-49 6,567,684; fit for military service 3,996,893; reachmilitary age (18) annually 208,132 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - about $5 billion, 20-25% of GNP (1991 est.); note- the officially announced but suspect figure is $1.9 billion (1991) 8% ofGNP (1991 est.)
*Korea, South, Geography
Location:Northeast Asia, between North Korea and JapanMap references:Asia, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:98,480 km2land area:98,190 km2comparative area:slightly larger than IndianaLand boundaries:total 238 km, North Korea 238 kmCoastline:2,413 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf:not specifiedterritorial sea:12 nm; 3 nm in the Korea StraitInternational disputes:Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks claimed by JapanClimate:temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winterTerrain:mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and southNatural resources:coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropowerLand use:arable land:21%permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:1%forest and woodland:67%other:10%Irrigated land:13,530 km2 (1989)Environment:occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; earthquakes in southwest;air pollution in large cities
*Korea, South, People
Population:44,613,993 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.05% (1993 est.)Birth rate:15.72 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:6.16 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:22.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:70.29 yearsmale:67.1 yearsfemale:73.68 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:1.64 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Korean(s)adjective:KoreanEthnic divisions:homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)Religions:Christianity 48.6%, Buddhism 47.4%, Confucianism 3%, pervasive folk religion(Shamanism), Chondogyo (religion of the heavenly way) 0.2%Languages:Korean, English widely taught in high schoolLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:96%male:99%female:94%Labor force:19 millionby occupation:services and other 52%, mining and manufacturing 27%, agriculture, fishing,forestry 21% (1991)
*Korea, South, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Koreaconventional short form:South Korealocal long form:Taehan-min'guklocal short form:noneAbbreviation:ROKDigraph:KSType:republicCapital:SeoulAdministrative divisions:9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 6 special cities* (jikhalsi,, singular and plural);Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo,Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-jikhalsi*, Kangwon-do,, Kwangju-jikhalsi*,,Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo,Pusan-jikhalsi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-jikhalsi*, Taejon-jikhalsi*, Independence:15 August 1948Constitution:25 February 1988Legal system:combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-Americanlaw, and Chinese classical thoughtNational holiday:Independence Day, 15 August (1948)Political parties and leaders:majority party:Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), KIM Young Sam, presidentopposition:Democratic Party (DP), LEE Ki Taek, executive chairman; United People'sParty (UPP), CHUNG Ju Yung, chairman; several smaller partiesnote:the DLP resulted from a merger of the Democratic Justice Party (DJP),Reunification Democratic Party (RDP), and New Democratic Republican Party(NDRP) on 9 February 1990Other political or pressure groups:Korean National Council of Churches; National Democratic Alliance of Korea;National Federation of Student Associations; National Federation of Farmers'Associations; National Council of Labor Unions; Federation of Korean TradeUnions; Korean Veterans' Association; Federation of Korean Industries;Korean Traders AssociationSuffrage:20 years of age; universalElections:President:last held on 18 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1997); results -KIM Young Sam (DLP) 41.9%, KIM Dae Jung (DP) 33.8%, CHUNG Ju Yung (UPP)16.3%, other 8%
*Korea, South, Government
National Assembly:last held on 24 March 1992; results - DLP 38.5%, DP 29.2%, UnificationNational Party (UNP) 17.3% (name later changed to UPP), other 15%; seats -(299 total) DLP 149, DP 97, UNP 31, other 22; the distribution of seats asof May 1993 was DLP 167, DP 95, UPP 14, other 23note:the change in the distribution of seats reflects the fluidity of the currentsituation where party members are constantly switching from one party toanotherExecutive branch:president, prime minister, two deputy prime ministers, State Council(cabinet)Legislative branch:unicameral National Assembly (Kuk Hoe)Judicial branch:Supreme CourtLeaders:Chief of State:President KIM Young Sam (since 25 February 1993)Head of Government:Prime Minister HWANG In Sung (since 25 February 1993); Deputy Prime MinisterLEE Kyung Shick (since 25 February 1993) and Deputy Prime Minister HAN WanSang (since 25 February 1993)Member of:AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, COCOM (cooperating country), CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO,G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO,INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, OAS (observer), UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador HAN Seung Soochancery:2370 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 939-5600consulates general: Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles,New York, San Francisco, and SeattleUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:(vacant), Charge d'Affaires Raymond BURGHARDTembassy:82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul, AMEMB, Unit 15550mailing address:APO AP 96205-0001telephone:[82] (2) 732-2601 through 2618FAX:[82] (2) 738-8845consulate:PusanFlag:white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is adifferent black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in eachcorner of the white field
*Korea, South, Economy
Overview:The driving force behind the economy's dynamic growth has been the planneddevelopment of an export-oriented economy in a vigorously entrepreneurialsociety. Real GNP increased more than 10% annually between 1986 and 1991.This growth ultimately led to an overheated situation characterized by atight labor market, strong inflationary pressures, and a rapidly risingcurrent account deficit. As a result, in 1992, focusing attention on slowingthe growth rate of inflation and reducing the deficit is leading to aslow-down in growth. The economy remains the envy of the great majority ofthe world's peoples.National product:GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $287 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:5% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$6,500 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):4.5% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:2.4% (1992 est.)Budget:revenues $48.4 billion; expenditures $48.4 billion, including capitalexpenditures of $NA (1993)Exports:$76.8 billion (f.o.b., 1992)commodities:textiles, clothing, electronic and electrical equipment, footwear,machinery, steel, automobiles, ships, fishpartners:US 24%, Japan 15% (1992)Imports:$81.7 billion (c.i.f., 1992)commodities:machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transportequipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grainspartners:Japan 24%, US 22% (1992)External debt:$42 billion (1992)Industrial production:growth rate 5.0% (1992 est.); accounts for about 45% of GNPElectricity:24,000,000 kW capacity; 105,000 million kWh produced, 2,380 kWh per capita(1992)Industries:textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing, chemicals, steel,electronics, automobile production, shipbuildingAgriculture:accounts for 8% of GNP and employs 21% of work force (including fishing andforestry); principal crops - rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit;livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, chickens, milk, eggs;self-sufficient in food, except for wheat; fish catch of 2.9 million metrictons, seventh-largest in worldEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.9 billion; non-US countries(1970-89), $3.0 billionCurrency:1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chon (theoretical)
*Korea, South, Economy
Exchange rates:South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 791.99 (January 1993), 780.65 (1992), 733.35(1991), 707.76 (1990), 671.46 (1989), 731.47 (1988)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Korea, South, Communications
Railroads:3,091 km total (1991); 3,044 km 1.435 meter standard gauge, 47 km0.610-meter narrow gauge, 847 km double track; 525 km electrified,government ownedHighways:63,201 km total (1991); 1,551 expressways, 12,190 km national highway,49,460 km provincial and local roadsInland waterways:1,609 km; use restricted to small native craftPipelines:petroleum products 455 kmPorts:Pusan, Inchon, Kunsan, Mokpo, UlsanMerchant marine:431 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,689,227 GRT/11,016,014 DWT;includes 2 short-sea passenger, 138 cargo, 61 container, 11 refrigeratedcargo, 9 vehicle carrier, 45 oil tanker, 12 chemical tanker, 13 liquefiedgas, 2 combination ore/oil, 135 bulk, 2 combination bulk, 1 multifunctionlarge-load carrierAirports:total:103usable:93with permanent-surface runways:59with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:22with runways 1,220-2,439 m:18Telecommunications:excellent domestic and international services; 13,276,449 telephonesubscribers; broadcast stations - 79 AM, 46 FM, 256 TV (57 of 1 kW orgreater); satellite earth stations - 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 IndianOcean INTELSAT
*Korea, South, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air ForceManpower availability:males age 15-49 13,286,969; fit for military service 8,542,640; reachmilitary age (18) annually 432,434 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $12.2 billion, 3.6% of GNP (1993 est.)
*Kuwait, Geography
Location:Middle East, at the head of the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi ArabiaMap references:Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:17,820 km2land area:17,820 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than New JerseyLand boundaries:total 464 km, Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 kmCoastline:499 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf: not specifiedterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:in April 1991 Iraq officially accepted UN Security Council Resolution 687,which demands that Iraq accept the inviolability of the boundary set forthin its 1963 agreement with Kuwait, ending earlier claims to Bubiyan andWarbah Islands, or to all of Kuwait; the 20 May 1993 final report of the UNIraq/Kuwait Boundary Demarcation Commission was welcomed by the SecurityCouncil in Resolution 833 of 27 May 1993, which also reaffirmed that thedecisions of the commission on the boundary were final, bringing to acompletion the official demarcation of the Iraq-Kuwait boundary; Iraqiofficials still make public statements claiming Kuwait; ownership of Qaruhand Umm al Maradim Islands disputed by Saudi ArabiaClimate:dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool wintersTerrain:flat to slightly undulating desert plainNatural resources:petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gasLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:8%forest and woodland:0%other:92%Irrigated land:20 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilitiesprovide most of water; air and water pollution; desertificationNote:strategic location at head of Persian Gulf
*Kuwait, People
Population:1,698,077 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:8.67% (1993 est.)Birth rate:30.29 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:2.39 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:58.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:13.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth: total population:74.62 yearsmale:72.47 yearsfemale:76.87 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:4.11 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Kuwaiti(s)adjective:KuwaitiEthnic divisions:Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%Religions:Muslim 85% (Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, andother 15%Languages:Arabic (official), English widely spokenLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:73%male:77%female:67%Labor force:566,000 (1986)by occupation:services 45.0%, construction 20.0%, trade 12.0%, manufacturing 8.6%, financeand real estate 2.6%, agriculture 1.9%, power and water 1.7%, mining andquarrying 1.4%note:70% of labor force was non-Kuwaiti (1986)
*Kuwait, Government
Names:conventional long form:State of Kuwaitconventional short form:Kuwaitlocal long form:Dawlat al Kuwaytlocal short form:Al KuwaytDigraph:KUType:nominal constitutional monarchyCapital:KuwaitAdministrative divisions:5 governorates (mu'hafaz'at, singular - muh'afaz'ah); Al Ah'madi, Al Jahrah,Al Kuwayt, 'Hawalli; FarwaniyahIndependence:19 June 1961 (from UK)Constitution:16 November 1962 (some provisions suspended since 29 August 1962)Legal system:civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has notaccepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:National Day, 25 FebruaryPolitical parties and leaders:noneOther political or pressure groups:40,000 Palestinian community; small, clandestine leftist and Shi'afundamentalist groups are active; several groups critical of governmentpolicies are activeSuffrage:adult males who resided in Kuwait before 1920 and their male descendants atage 21note:out of all citizens, only 10% are eligible to vote and only 5% actually voteElections:National Assembly:dissolved 3 July 1986; new elections were held on 5 October 1992 with asecond election in the 14th and 16th constituencies scheduled for 15February 1993Executive branch:amir, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)Legislative branch:unicameral National Assembly (Majlis al 'umma) dissolved 3 July 1986;elections for new Assembly held 5 October 1992Judicial branch:High Court of AppealLeaders:Chief of State:Amir Shaykh JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 31 December 1977)Head of Government:Prime Minister and Crown Prince SA'D al-'Abdallah al-Salim al-Sabah (since 8February 1978); Deputy Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah(since 17 October 1992)
*Kuwait, Government
Member of:ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Muhammad al-Sabah al-Salim al-SABAHchancery: 2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 966-0702US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Edward (Skip) GNEHM, Jr.embassy:Bneid al-Gar (opposite the Kuwait International Hotel), Kuwait Citymailing address:P.O. Box 77 SAFAT, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait; APO AE 09880telephone:[965] 242-4151 through 4159FAX:[956] 244-2855Flag:three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blacktrapezoid based on the hoist side
*Kuwait, Economy
Overview:Kuwait is a small and relatively open economy with proven crude oil reservesof about 94 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Kuwait is rebuildingits war-ravaged petroleum sector and the increase in crude oil production tonearly 2.0 million barrels per day by the end of 1992 led to an enormousincrease in GDP for the year. The government ran a cumulative fiscal deficitof approximately $70 billion over its last two fiscal years, reducing itsforeign asset position and increasing its public debt to roughly $40billion. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP and over 90% of exportand government revenue.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $15.3 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:80% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$11,100 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):5% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:NEGL% (1992 est.)Budget:revenues $7.1 billion; expenditures $10.5 billion, including capitalexpenditures of $3.1 billion (FY88)Exports:$750 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:oilpartners:France 16%, Italy 15%, Japan 12%, UK 11%Imports:$4.7 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothingpartners: US 35%, Japan 12%, UK 9%, Canada 9%External debt:$7.2 billion (December 1989 est.)note:external debt has grown substantially in 1991 and 1992 to pay forrestoration of war damageIndustrial production:growth rate NA%; accounts for NA% of GDPElectricity:6,873,000 kW available out of 7,398,000 kW capacity due to Persian Gulf war;12,264 million kWh produced, 8,890 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, buildingmaterials, salt, constructionAgriculture:practically none; dependent on imports for food; about 75% of potable watermust be distilled or importedEconomic aid:donor - pledged $18.3 billion in bilateral aid to less developed countries(1979-89)Currency:1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 filsExchange rates:Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1 - 0.3044 (January 1993), 0.2934 (1992), 0.2843(1991), 0.2915 (1990), 0.2937 (1989), 0.2790 (1988)
*Kuwait, Economy
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
*Kuwait, Communications
Railroads:noneHighways:3,900 km total; 3,000 km bituminous; 900 km earth, sand, light gravelPipelines:crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 kmPorts:Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Mina' al 'AhmadiMerchant marine:42 ships (1,000 GRT or over), totaling 1,996,052 GRT/3,373,088 DWT; includes7 cargo, 4 livestock carrier, 24 oil tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 3 containerAirports:total:7usable:4with permanent-surface runways:4with runways over 3,659 m: 0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:4with runways 1,220-2,439 m:0Telecommunications:civil network suffered extensive damage as a result of Desert Storm andreconstruction is still under way with some restored international anddomestic capabilities; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 0 FM, 3 TV; satelliteearth stations - destroyed during Persian Gulf War and not rebuilt yet;temporary mobile satellite ground stations provide internationaltelecommunications; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia;service to Iraq is nonoperational
*Kuwait, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, National GuardManpower availability:males age 15-49 498,254; fit for military service 298,865; reach militaryage (18) annually 14,459 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $2.5 billion, 7.3% of GDP (FY92/93)
*Kyrgyzstan, Geography
Location:South Asia, between China and KazakhstanMap references:Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, StandardTime Zones of the WorldArea:total area:198,500 km2land area:191,300 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than South DakotaLand boundaries:total 3,878 km, China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km,Uzbekistan 1,099 kmCoastline:0 km (landlocked)Maritime claims:none; landlockedInternational disputes:territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southern boundary in Isfara ValleyareaClimate:dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in south (FerganaValley)Terrain: peaks of Tien Shan rise to 7,000 meters, and associated valleys and basinsencompass entire nationNatural resources:small amounts of coal, natural gas, oil, nepheline, rare earth metals,mercury, bismuth, gold, lead, zinc, hydroelectric powerLand use:arable land:NA%permanent crops:NA%meadows and pastures:NA%forest and woodland:NA%other:NA%Irrigated land:10,320 km2 (1990)Environment:NANote:landlocked
*Kyrgyzstan, People
Population:4,625,954 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.56% (1993 est.)Birth rate:26.69 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:7.45 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-3.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:47.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:67.71 yearsmale:63.47 yearsfemale:72.15 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:3.39 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Kirghiz(s)adjective:KirghizEthnic divisions:Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 21.5%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%,other 8.3%Religions:Muslim 70%, Russian Orthodox NA%Languages:Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, RussianLiteracy:age 9-49 can read and write (1970)total population:100%male:100%female:100%Labor force:1.748 millionby occupation:agriculture and forestry 33%, industry and construction 28%, other 39%(1990)
*Kyrgyzstan, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Kyrgyzstanconventional short form:Kyrgyzstanlocal long form:Kyrgyzstan Respublikasylocal short form:noneformer:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist RepublicDigraph:KGType:republicCapital:Bishkek (Frunze)Administrative divisions:6 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Chu, Jalal-Abad, Ysyk-Kul', Naryn,Osh, TalasIndependence:31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)Constitution:adopted 5 May 1993Legal system:based on civil law systemNational holiday:National Day, 2 DecemberPolitical parties and leaders:Kyrgyz Democratic Movement, Kazat AKMAKOV, chairman; Civic Accord, Coalitionrepresenting nonnative minority groups; National Revived Asaba (Banner)Party, Asan ORMUSHEV, chairman; Communist Party was banned but hasregistered as political party 18 September 1992Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council ofFree TradeUnions; Union of EntrepreneursSuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:President:last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Askar AKAYEVwon in uncontested election with 95% of vote with 90% of electorate voting;note - president elected by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popularvote 12 October 1991Zhogorku Keneshom:last held 25 February 1990 for the Supreme Soviet (next to be held no laterthan NA November 1994 for the Zhgorku Keneshom); results - Commnunists 90%;seats - (350 total) Communists 310Executive branch:president, Cabinet of Ministers, prime ministerLegislative branch:unicameral Zhogorku KeneshomJudicial branch:Supreme CourtLeaders:Chief of State:President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990); Vice President Feliks KULOV(since 12 October 1992)
*Kyrgyzstan, Government
Head of Government:Prime Minister Tursenbek CHYNGYSHEV (since 2 March 1992); Deputy PrimeMinister Abdygani ERKEBAYEV; Supreme Soviet Chairman Medetkan SHERIMKULOV(since NA)Member of:CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, IDA, ILO, IMF, NACC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, WHODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Roza OTUNBAYEVAchancery:1511 K Street, NW, Washington, DCtelephone:(202) 347-5029US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Edward HURWITZembassy:(temporary) Erkindik Prospekt #66, Bishkekmailing address:APO AE 09721telephone:7-3312 22-26-93, 22-35-51, 22-29-20FAX:7-3312 22-35-51Flag:red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40Krygyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on thereverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by twosets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of thetraditional Kyrgyz yurt
*Kyrgyzstan, Economy
Overview:Kyrgyzstan's small economy (less than 1% of the total for the former SovietUnion) is oriented toward agriculture, producing mainly livestock such asgoats and sheep, as well as cotton, grain, and tobacco. Industry,concentrated around Bishkek, produces small quantities of electric motors,livestock feeding equipment, washing machines, furniture, cement, paper, andbricks. Mineral extraction is small, the most important minerals being coal,rare earth metals and gold. Kyrgyzstan is a net importer of many types offood and fuel but is a net exporter of electricity. In 1992, the Kirghizleadership made progress on reform, primarily by privatizing business,granting life-long tenure to farmers, and freeing most prices. Nonetheless,in 1992 overall industrial and livestock output declined because of acutefuel shortages and a widespread lack of spare parts.National product:GDP $NANational product real growth rate:-25% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$NAInflation rate (consumer prices):29% per month (first quarter 1993)Unemployment rate:0.1% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers ofunderemployed workersBudget:revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NAExports:$NAcommodities:wool, chemicals, cotton, ferrous and nonferrous metals, shoes, machinery,tobaccopartners:Russia 70%, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and othersImports:$NAcommodities:lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles,footwearpartners:other CIS republicsExternal debt:$650 million (1991)Industrial production:growth rate NA% (1992)Electricity:4,100,000 kW capacity; 11,800 million kWh produced, 2,551 kWh per capita(1992)Industries:small machinery, textiles, food-processing industries, cement, shoes, sawnlogs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, and rare earth metalsAgriculture:wool, tobacco, cotton, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle), vegetables, meat,grapes, fruits and berries, eggs, milk, potatoesIllicit drugs:illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limitedgovernment eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicitdrugs to Western EuropelEconomic aid:$300 million official and commitments by foreign donors (1992)