Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD) see African Development Bank (AfDB)
Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale (BDEAC) see Central African StatesDevelopment Bank (BDEAC)
Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD) see West African Development Bank (WADB)
Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)
note-acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
established-3 February 1958
effective-1 November 1960
aim-to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members-(3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Big Seven
note-membership is the same as the Group of 7
established-NA
aim-to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members-(7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US Big Six
note-not to be confused with the Group of 6
established-NA
aim-to foster economic cooperation
members-(6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)
established-25 June 1992
aim-to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members-(11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
established-4 July 1973
effective-1 August 1973
aim-to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries
members-(13) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica,Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobagoassociate members-(2)British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islandsobservers-(10) Anguilla, Bermuda,Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico,Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela
Caribbean Development Bank(CDB)
established-18 October 1969
effective-26 January 1970
aim-to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members-(20)Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands,Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico,Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, SaintVincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turksand Caicos Islands, Venezuelanonregional members-(5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK
Cartagena Group see Group of 11
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
note-acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale
established-8 December 1964
effective-1 January 1966
aim-to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market
members-(6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
note-acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established-3 December 1975
aim-to provide loans for economic development
members-(9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
note-acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
established-13 December 1960
aim-to promote economic integration and development
members-(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Central American Common Market (CACM)
established-13 December 1960
effective-3 June 1961
aim-to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members-(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Central European Initiative (CEI)
note-evolved from the Hexagonal Group established-July 1991
aim-to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members-(10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
centrally planned economies a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
Colombo Plan (CP)
established-1 July 1951
aim-to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific
members-(26) Afghanistan,Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Canada,Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos,Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua NewGuinea, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Thailand, UK, US
Commission for Social Development
established-21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with social development programs of UN
members-(32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Human Rights
established-18 February 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with human rights programs of UN
members-(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)
established-12 October 1978
aim-Economic and Social Council organization assisting in solving human settlement problems of UN
members-(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
established-16 February 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs programs of UN
members-(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries
Commission on the Status of Women
established-21 June 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with women's rights goals of UN
members-(32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commonwealth (C)
established-31 December 1931
aim-voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire and that seeks to foster multinational cooperation and assistance
members-(48) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe special members-(2) Nauru, Tuvalu
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
established-8 December 1991
effective-21 December 1991
aim-to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members-(10) Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO) see West African Economic Community (CEAO)
Communaute Economique desEtats de l'Afrique Centrale(CEEAC)
see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs(CEPGL)
see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
Communist countries traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe(CSCE)
established-NA November 1972
aim-discusses issues of mutual concern and reviews implementation of the Helsinki Agreement
members-(53) Albania, Armenia, Austria,Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein,Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco,Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslaviaobserver-(1) Japan
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)
see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Contadora Group (CG)
was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America but evolved into the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of theGulf
see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)
established-NA 1949
aim-to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations
members-(17) Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US cooperating countries-(8) Austria, Finland, Ireland, South Korea, NZ, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA) also known as CMEA or Comecon,
was established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
established-3 June 1957
effective-30 May 1964
aim-to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members-(11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine
Liberation Organization Council of the Baltic Sea States(CBSS)
established-5 March 1992
aim-to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural and education, and transportation and communication members-(10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden observers-(2) Belarus, Ukraine
Council of Europe (CE)
established-5 May 1949
effective-3 August 1949
aim-to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members-(29) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, San Marino,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK
Council of the Entente (Entente)
established-29 May 1959
aim-to promote economic, social,and political coordination
members-(5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)
established-15 December 1950
aim-to promote international cooperation in customs matters
members-(114) Algeria, Angola, Argentina,Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium,Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic,Chile, China, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France,Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho,Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger,Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, SaudiArabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, SriLanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia,Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
developed countries (DCs)
the top group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GNP/GDP in excess of $10,000 although some OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $10,000; the 34 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
developing countries
an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies; see less developed countries (LDCs)
East African Development Bank (EADB)
established-6 June 1967
effective-1 December 1967
aim-to promote economic development
members-(3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
established-28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(46) Afghanistan, Australia,Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France,India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore,Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga,Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK,US, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoaassociate members-(10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, FrenchPolynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern MarianaIslands, Trust Territory of the PacificIslands (Palau)
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia(ESCWA)
established-9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(12 and the Palestine LiberationOrganization) Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen,Palestine Liberation Organization
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and six functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)
members-(54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
established-29 April 1958
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(52) Algeria, Angola, Benin,Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Coted'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco,Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tomeand Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,Somalia, South Africa (suspended), Sudan, Swaziland,Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe associate members-(2)France, UK
Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
established-28 March 1947
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(44) Albania, Austria, Belarus,Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova,Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, SanMarino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK,US, Yugoslavia
Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Economic Commission for Latin America and theCaribbean (ECLAC)
established-25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(41) Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,France, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua,Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Spain, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay,Venezuelaassociate members-(6)Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, NetherlandsAntilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)-acronym from CommunauteEconomique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established-18 October 1983
aim-to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a Central African Common Market
members-(10) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire observer-(1) Angola
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries(CEPGL)
note-acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
established-26 September 1976
aim-to promote regional economic cooperation and integration
members-(3) Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire Economic Community of
West African States (ECOWAS)
established-28 May 1975
aim-to promote regional economic cooperation
members-(17) Benin, Burkina, CapeVerde, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, The Gambia, Ghana,Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,Sierra Leone,Togo
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
established-1985
aim-to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs,and economic development
members-(10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD)
established-15 April 1991
aim-to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization
members-(58) Albania, Armenia, Australia,Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, European Community (EC), Egypt,European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France,Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mexico,Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey,Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan,Yugoslavia; note-includes all 24 members of the OECD and the EC as aninstitution
European Community (EC)
established-8 April 1965
effective-1 July 1967
aim-to integrate the European Atomic
Energy Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), and the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market); the EC plans to establish a completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of Europe
members-(12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
established-4 January 1960
effective-3 May 1960
aim-to promote expansion of free rade
members-(7) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Leichtenstein, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
European Investment Bank EIB)
established-25 March 1957
effective-1 January 1958
aim-to promote economic development of the EC
members-(12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
European Organization for uclear Research (CERN)
note-acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire established-1 July 1953
effective-29 September 1954
aim-to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only
members-(19) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK observers-(6) EC, Israel, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Yugoslavia
European Space Agency ESA)
established-31 July 1973
effective-1 May 1975
aim-to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology
members-(13) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK associate member-(1) Finland cooperating state-(1) Canada
First World
another term for countries ith advanced, industrialized economies; this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)
Food and Agriculture rganization (FAO)
established-16 October 1945
aim-UN specialized agency to raise living standards and increase availability of agricultural products
members-(162) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica,Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,Dominican Republic, Ecuador, EC, Egypt, El Salvador,Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, SaintKitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome andPrincipe, SaudiArabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, SolomonIslands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe associate member-(1) Puerto Rico
Former USSR/Eastern Europe former USSR/EE)
the middle group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition and may well be grouped differently in the near future; this group of 27 countries includes Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia. Moldova, oland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Four Dragons
the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group includes Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan
Four Tigers
another term for the Four Dragons; see Four Dragons
Franc Zone (FZ)
established-NA
aim-to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked to the French franc
members-(15) Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo; note-France includes metropolitan France, the four overseas departments of France (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion), the two territorial collectivities of France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the three overseas territories of France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna)
Front Line States (FLS)
established-NA
aim-to achieve black majority rule in South Africa
members-(7) Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
established-30 October 1947
effective-1 January 1948
aim-to promote the expansion of international trade on a nondiscriminatory basis
members-(104) Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, CostaRica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador,Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary,Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lesotho,Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, SierraLeone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden,Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,Uganda, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Group of 2 (G-2)
established-informal term that came into use about 1986
aim-bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic giants
members-(2) Japan, US
Group of 3 (G-3)
established-NA October 1990
aim-mechanism for policy coordination
members-(3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela
Group of 5 (G-5)
established-22 September 1985
aim-the five major non-Communist economic powers
members-(5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US
Group of 6 (G-6)
note-not to be confused with theBig Six
established-22 May 1984
aim-to achieve nuclear disarmament
members-(6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania
Group of 7 (G-7)
note-membership is the same as the Big Seven
established-22 September 1985
aim-the seven major non-Communist economic powers
members-(7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and Italy
Group of 8 (G-8)
established-NA October 1975
aim-the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977
members-(8) Australia, Canada, EC (as one member), Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, US
Group of 9 (G-9)
established-NA
aim-informal group that meets occasionally on matters of mutual interest
members-(9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia
Group of 10 (G-10)
note-also known as the Paris Club
established-NA October 1962
aim-wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA April 1984
members-(11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
Group of 11 (G-11)
note-also known as the Cartagena Group
established-22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia
aim-forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America
members-(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
Group of 15 (G-15)
note-byproduct of the Non-Aligned Movement
established-1989
aim-to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement
members-(15) Algeria, Argentina,Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia,Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, Yugoslavia,Zimbabwe
Group of 19 (G-19)
established-NA October 1975
aim-the less developed countries (LDCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977
members-(19) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia
Group of 24 (G-24)
established-NA January 1972
aim-to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF
members-(24) Algeria, Argentina,Brazil, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia,Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon,Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, SriLanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela,Yugoslavia, Zaire
Group of 30 (G-30)
established-NA 1979
aim-to discuss and propose solutions to the world's economic problems
members-(30) informal group of 30 leading international bankers, economists, financial experts, and businessmen organized by Johannes Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF)
Group of 33 (G-33)
established-NA 1987
aim-to promote solutions to international economic problems
members-(33) leading economists from 13 countries
Group of 77 (G-77)
established-NA October 1967
aim-to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name persists in spite of increased membership
members-(127 plus the PalestineLiberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola,Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central AfricanRepublic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, CostaRica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica,Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia,Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco,Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kittsand Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and theGrenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, SolomonIslands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad andTobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela,Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation
Organization Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
note-also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
established-25-26 May 1981
aim-to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and military affairs
members-(6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
Habitat
Commission on Human Settlements
Hexagonal Group see Central European Initiative (CEI)
high-income countries
another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita GNPs/GDPs; see developed countries (DCs)
industrial countries
another term for the developed countries; see developed countries (DCs)
Inter-American DevelopmentBank (IADB) note-also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
established-8 April 1959
effective-30 December 1959
aim-to promote economic and social development in Latin America
members-(44) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Bolivia,Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua,Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden,Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development(IGADD)
established-NA January 1986
aim-to promote cooperation on drought-related matters
members-(6) Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
established-26 October 1956
effective-29 July 1957
aim-to promote peaceful uses of tomic energy
members-(115) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh,Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma,Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland,France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,Madagascar, alaysia, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco,Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zaire,Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Bank for conomic Cooperation (IBEC)
established in 22 October 1963;
aim was to promote economic cooperation and development;
members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new charter
International Bank for econstruction and Development(IBRD)
note-also known as the World Bank
established-22 July 1944
effective-27 December 1945
aim-UN specialized agency that initially promoted economic rebuilding after World War II and now provides economic development loans
members-(174) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Coted'Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, ElSalvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NewZealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincentand the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,Solvenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, ganda, Ukraine, UAE,UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
established-NA 1919
aim-to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent business interests at national and international levels
members-(58 national councils) Argentina,Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Burkina,Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus,Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon,Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea,Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco,Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan,Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
established-7 December 1944
effective-4 April 1947
aim-UN specialized agency to promote international cooperation in civil aviation
members-(173) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, CapeVerde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Coted'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati,North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,Madagacar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, MarshallIslands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated Statesof Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, SanMarino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa(suspended), Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu,Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
established-NA 1863
aim-to provide humanitarian aid in wartime
members-(25 individuals) all Swiss nationals
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions(ICFTU)
established-NA December 1949
aim-to promote the trade union movement
members-(144 national organizationsin the following 104 areas) Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,Barbados, Basque Country, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana,Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Canada, Central AfricanRepublic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Curacao,Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Falkland Islands,Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, The Gambia,Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Holy See,Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel,Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, South Korea, Lebanon,Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Morocco,Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway,Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saint Helena,Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,San Marino, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain,Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand,Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela,Western Samoa
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
note-also known as the World Court
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-primary judicial organ of the UN
members-(15 judges) elected by the General Assembly and Security Council to represent all principal legal systems
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
established-13 June 1956
aim-to promote international cooperation between criminal police authorities
members-(159) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua andBarbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas,Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana,Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo,Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, MarshallIslands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,Mozambique, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NetherlandsAntilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
subbureaus-(5) American Samoa, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Hong Kong
International Development Association(IDA)
established-26 January 1960
effective-24 September 1960
aim-UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic loans for low income countries
members-(147) Part I-(23 more economically advanced countries) Australia,Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland,Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, South Africa,Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, UK, US
members-Part II-(124 less developed nations) Afghanistan,Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, CapeVerde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo,Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica,Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia,Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis,Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and theGrenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain,Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Energy Agency (IEA)
established-15 November 1974
aim-established by the OECD to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers
members-(21) Australia, Austria,Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland,Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
established-25 May 1955
effective-20 July 1956
aim-UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that helps private enterprise sector in economic development
members-(149) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, CapeVerde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia,Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji,Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait,Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg,Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, MarshallIslands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, SaudiArabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden,Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK,US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, WesternSamoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
established-NA November 1974
aim-UN specialized agency that promotes agricultural development
members-(147) Category I-(21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
members-Category II-(12 petroleum-exportingaid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran,Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,UAE, Venezuelamembers-Category III-(114 aid recipients) Afghanistan,Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bangladesh,Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia,Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel,Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Laos,Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, SaintKitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and theGrenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka,Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Investment Bank (IIB)
established on 7 July 1970; to promote economic development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new charter
International Labor Organization (ILO)
established-11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946)
aim-UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues
members-(158) Afghanistan, Algeria,Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Coted'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia,San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela,Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
note-name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982
established-17 March 1958
aim-UN specialized agency concerned with world maritime affairs
members-(138) Algeria, Angola, Antiguaand Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas,Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin,Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia,Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia,Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, EquatorialGuinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, SouthKorea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg,Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta,Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco,Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria,Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tomeand Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden,Switzerland, Syria,Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidadand Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaireassociate members-(2) Hong Kong, Macau
International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)