@Jordan, Communications
Railroads:789 km 1.050-meter gauge, single trackHighways:total:7,500 kmpaved:asphalt 5,500 kmunpaved:gravel, crushed stone 2,000 kmPipelines:crude oil 209 kmPorts:Al 'AqabahMerchant marine:3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,566 GRT/129,351 DWT, bulk 1,cargo 1, oil tanker 1Airports:total:16usable:14with permanent-surface runways:13with runways over 3,659 m:1with runways 2,440-3,659 m:12with runways 1,220-2,439 m:0Telecommunications:adequate telephone system of microwave, cable, and radio links; 81,500telephones; broadcast stations - 5 AM, 7 FM, 8 TV; satellite earthstations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1ARABSAT, 1 domestic TV receive-only; coaxial cable and microwave toIraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; microwave link to Lebanon is inactive;participant in MEDARABTEL, a microwave radio relay network linkingSyria, Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco
@Jordan, Defense Forces
Branches:Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) includes Royal Jordanian Land Force,Royal Jordanian Air Force, Royal Naval Force; Ministry of theInterior's Public Security Force (falls under JAF only in wartime orcrisis situations)Manpower availability:males age 15-49 966,420; fit for military service 685,112; reachmilitary age (18) annually 42,776 (1994 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $435 million, 7.9% of GDP (1993)
@Juan de Nova Island
Header Affiliation: (possession of France)
@Juan de Nova Island, Geography
Location: Southern Africa, in the central Mozambique Channel about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 4.4 sq km land area: 4.4 sq km comparative area: about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 24.1 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claimed by Madagascar Climate: tropical Terrain: NA Natural resources: guano deposits and other fertilizers Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 90% other: 10% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: subject to periodic cyclones international agreements: NA Note: wildlife sanctuary
@Juan de Nova Island, People
Population: uninhabited
@Juan de Nova Island, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:Juan de Nova Islandlocal long form:nonelocal short form:Ile Juan de NovaDigraph:JUType:French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic,resident in ReunionCapital:none; administered by France from ReunionIndependence:none (possession of France)
@Juan de Nova Island, Economy
Overview: no economic activity
@Juan de Nova Island, Communications
Railroads: short line going to a jetty Ports: none; offshore anchorage only Airports: total: 1 usable: 1 with permanent-surface runways: 0 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,439-3,659 m: 0 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 1
@Juan de Nova Island, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of France
@Kazakhstan, Geography
Location:Central Asia, between Russia and Uzbekistan, bordering on the CaspianSea and the Aral SeaMap references:Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States,Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:2,717,300 sq kmland area:2,669,800 sq kmcomparative area:slightly less than four times the size of TexasLand boundaries:total 12,012 km, China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km,Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 kmCoastline:0 kmnote:Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea (1,015 km) and the Caspian Sea (1,894km)Maritime claims:landlocked, but borders with Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan inthe Caspian Sea are under negotiation at presentInternational disputes:Russia may dispute current de facto maritime border to midpoint ofCaspian Sea from shoreClimate:continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiaridTerrain:extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains inwestern Siberia to oasis and desert in Central AsiaNatural resources:major deposits of petroleum, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore,nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uraniumLand use:arable land:15%permanent crops:NEGL %meadows and pastures:57%forest and woodland:4%other:24%Irrigated land:23,080 sq km (1990)Environment:current issues:radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defenseindustries and test ranges are found throughout the country and posehealth risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe insome cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the AralSea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leavingbehind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; thesesubstances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious duststorms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse ofagricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty irrigationpracticesnatural hazards:NAinternational agreements:signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate ChangeNote:landlocked
@Kazakhstan, People
Population:17,267,554 (July 1994 est.)Population growth rate:0.64% (1994 est.)Birth rate:19.4 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)Death rate:7.93 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)Net migration rate:-5.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)Infant mortality rate:40.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:68.04 yearsmale:63.39 yearsfemale:72.93 years (1994 est.)Total fertility rate:2.44 children born/woman (1994 est.)Nationality:noun:Kazakhstani(s)adjective:KazakhstaniEthnic divisions:Kazakh (Qazaq) 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%, German 4.7%, Uzbek2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1% (1991 official data)Religions:Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%Languages:Kazakh (Qazaqz) official language spoken by over 40% of population,Russian (language of interethnic communication) spoken by two-thirdsof population and used in everyday businessLiteracy:age 9-49 can read and write (1970)total population:100%male:100%female:100%Labor force:7.356 millionby occupation:industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43%(1992)
@Kazakhstan, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Kazakhstanconventional short form:Kazakhstanlocal long form:Kazakhstan Respublikasylocal short form:noneformer:Kazakh Soviet Socialist RepublicDigraph:KZType:republicCapital:AlmatyAdministrative divisions:19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 city (qalalar, singular - qala)*;Almaty*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy,Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy,Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, QostanayOblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, ShyghysQazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), SoltustikQazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy,Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysynote:names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs fromoblys nameIndependence:16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)National holiday:Independence Day, 16 December (1991)Constitution:adopted 28 January 1993Legal system:based on civil law systemSuffrage:18 years of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state:President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (since NA April 1990); VicePresident Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991); election last held1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1995); percent of vote by partyNA; Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unopposedhead of government:Prime Minister Sergey TERESHCHENKO (since 14 October 1991); FirstDeputy Prime Minister Arkezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since NA November 1993)cabinet:Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime ministerLegislative branch:unicameralSupreme Council:elections last held 7 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results -percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total) Union Peoples' Unityof Kazakhstan 33, Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic ofKazakhstan 11, People's Congress of Kazakhstan Party 9, SocialistParty of Kazakhstan 8, Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan 4,Social Movement "LAD" 4, Organization of Veterans 1, Union of Youth ofKazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee for Human Rights 1, Association ofLawyers of Kazakhstan 1, International Public Committee"Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan" 1, Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan 1,Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet 40, independents 62Judicial branch:Supreme CourtPolitical parties and leaders:Peoples Unity Movement (PUU), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; PeoplesCongress, Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Kazakhstan Socialist Party(SPK; former Communist Party), Piotr SVOIK, co-chairman; RepublicanParty (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; Democratic Progress(Russian) Party, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Union Peoples' Unityof Kazakhstan (SNEK); Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic ofKazakhstan; Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan; Social MovementLAD (Slavic Rebirth Society), V. MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union of Youthof Kazakhstan; Democratic Committee for Human Rights; Association ofLawyers of Kazakhstan; International Public Committee"Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan"; Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan;Deputies of the 12th Supreme SovietOther political or pressure groups:Independent Trade Union Center (Birlesu; an association of independenttrade union and business associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, presidentMember of:CCC, CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF,INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOD, NACC, OIC (observer), UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Tuleutai SULEYMENOVchancery:3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20007telephone:(202) 333-4504/7FAX:(202) 333-4509US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador William H. COURTNEYembassy:99/97 Furmanova Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 480012mailing address:American Embassy Almaty, c/o Department of State, Washington, DC,20521-7030telephone:(7) (3272) 63-17-70, 63-24-26, 63-28-80, 63-34-05FAX:(7) (3272) 63-38-83Flag:sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on thehoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow
@Kazakhstan, Economy
Overview:Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states interritory, possesses vast oil, coal, rare metals, and agriculturalresources. While the economy is gradually making the transition from aSoviet command system to a market system, strong elements of statecontrol persist including government ownership of most economic assetsand a continued system of mandatory state procurement for the keyproducts such as grain and energy; likewise, agriculture remainslargely collectivized. On the other hand, new businesses are formingrapidly, the economy is opening to foreign investment, and 12% ofstate-owned commercial enterprises have been privatized. In 1993, athree-year industrial privatization program was launched; anindependent currency was successfully introduced; and two large jointventures were established with western oil companies. Thesefar-reaching structural transformations have resulted in a cumulativedecline in national income of more than 30% since 1990. Loose monetarypolicies have kept the inflation rate high, averaging 28% per monthfor 1993 and accelerating at the end with the disruption caused by anew currency. Since the introduction of its independent currency inNovember 1993, the government has renewed its commitment to fiscaldiscipline and accelerating economic reform. However, growing economichardship and rising ethnic tensions between Kazakhs and Russians overthe division of economic assets will likely lead to strong pressure tobacktrack.National product:GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $60.3 billion (1993 estimate fromthe UN International Comparison Program, as extended to 1991 andpublished in the World Bank's World Development Report 1993; and asextrapolated to 1993 using official Kazakhstani statistics, which arevery uncertain because of major economic changes since 1990)National product real growth rate:-13% (1993 est.)National product per capita:$3,510 (1993 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):28% per month (1993)Unemployment rate:0.6% includes only officially registered unemployed; also largenumbers of underemployed workersBudget:revenues:$NAexpenditures:$NA, including capital expenditures of $1.76 billion (1991 est.)Exports:$1.3 billion to outside the FSU countries (1993)commodities:oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat(1992)partners:Russia, Ukraine, UzbekistanImports:$358.3 million from outside the FSU countries (1993)commodities:machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas (1992)partners:Russia and other former Soviet republics, ChinaExternal debt:$1.5 billion debt to RussiaIndustrial production:growth rate -16% (1993)Electricity:capacity:19,135,000 kWproduction:81.3 billion kWhconsumption per capita:4,739 kWh (1992)Industries:extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead,zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur),iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agriculturalmachinery, electric motors, construction materialsAgriculture:accounts for almost 40% of net material product; employs about 26% ofthe labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, woolIllicit drugs:illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CISconsumption; limited government eradication program; used astransshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and NorthAmerica from Central and Southwest AsiaEconomic aid:recipient:approximately $1 billion in foreign credits to become available in1994Currency:national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November 1993Exchange rates:NAFiscal year:calendar year
@Kazakhstan, Communications
Railroads:14,460 km (all 1.520-meter gauge); does not include industrial lines(1990)Highways:total:189,000 kmpaved and graveled:108,100 kmunpaved:earth 80,900 km (1990)Inland waterways:Syrdariya River, Ertis RiverPipelines:crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km(1992)Ports:inland - Atyrau (formerly Gur'yev; on Caspian Sea)Airports:total:365usable:152with permanent-surface runways:49with runways over 3,659 m:8with runways 2,440-3,659 m:38with runways 1,220-2,439 m:71Telecommunications:telephone service is poor, with only about 17 telephones for each 100persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones per 100 persons in ruralareas; of the approximately 2.2 million telephones, Almaty has184,000; broadcast receivers - TVs 4,750,000, radios 4,088,000, radioreceiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion6,082,000; international traffic with other former USSR republics andChina carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries bysatellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits atthe Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations -INTELSAT and Orbita (TV receive only); new satellite ground stationestablished at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with2500 channel band width
@Kazakhstan, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)Manpower availability:males age 15-49 4,432,716; fit for military service 3,554,209; reachmilitary age (18) annually 154,989 (1994 est.)Defense expenditures:69,326 million rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note -conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the currentexchange rate could produce misleading results
@Kenya, Geography
Location:Eastern Africa, bordering the northwestern India Ocean betweenTanzania and SomaliaMap references:Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:582,650 sq kmland area:569,250 sq kmcomparative area:slightly more than twice the size of NevadaLand boundaries:total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km,Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 kmCoastline:536 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide withinternational boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unificationof ethnic SomalisClimate:varies from tropical along coast to arid in interiorTerrain:low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley;fertile plateau in westNatural resources:gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets,wildlifeLand use:arable land:3%permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:7%forest and woodland:4%other:85%Irrigated land:520 sq km (1989)Environment:current issues:water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of waterquality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers;deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poachingnatural hazards:NAinternational agreements:party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, MarineLife Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity,Climate ChangeNote:the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agriculturalproduction regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; uniquephysiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific andeconomic value
@Kenya, People
Population:28,240,658 (July 1994 est.)Population growth rate:3.07% (1994 est.)Birth rate:42.44 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)Death rate:11.74 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)Infant mortality rate:74.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:53.23 yearsmale:51.48 yearsfemale:55.03 years (1994 est.)Total fertility rate:5.91 children born/woman (1994 est.)Nationality:noun:Kenyan(s)adjective:KenyanEthnic divisions:Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%, other 15%Religions:Roman Catholic 28%, Protestant (including Anglican) 26%, indigenousbeliefs 18%, Muslim 6%Languages:English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languagesLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population:69%male:80%female:58%Labor force:9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total employed is 1,370,000(14.8% of the labor force)by occupation:agriculture 75-80% (1993 est.), non-agriculture 20-25% (1993 est.)
@Kenya, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Kenyaconventional short form:Kenyaformer:British East AfricaDigraph:KEType:republicCapital:NairobiAdministrative divisions:8 provinces; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North Eastern, Nyanza,Rift Valley, WesternIndependence:12 December 1963 (from UK)National holiday:Independence Day, 12 December (1963)Constitution:12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992Legal system:based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicialreview in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, withreservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jureone-party state repealed in 1991Suffrage:18 years of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state and head of government:President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); VicePresident George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989); election last held on 29December 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - President Daniel T.arap MOI was reelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth Matiba(FORD-ASILI) 26%; Mwai Kibaki (SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17%cabinet:Cabinet; appointed by the presidentLegislative branch:unicameralNational Assembly (Bunge):elections last held on 29 December 1992; results - (188 total) KANU100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; presidentnominates 12 additional membersnote:first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law in 1991Judicial branch:Court of Appeal, High CourtPolitical parties and leaders:ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), Daniel T. arapMOI, president; opposition parties include Forum for the Restorationof Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Michael WAMALWA; Forum for the Restorationof Democracy (FORD-Asili), Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of Kenya(DP), Mwai KIBAKI; Kenya National Congress (KNC), Titus MBATHI; KenyaSocial Congress (KSC), George ANYONA; Kenya National DemocraticAlliance (KENYA), Mukara NG'ANG'A; Party for Independent Candidates ofKenya (PKK), Otieno OTOERAOther political or pressure groups:labor unions; Roman Catholic ChurchMember of:ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:(vacant)chancery:2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 387-6101consulate(s) general:Los Angeles and New YorkUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Aurelia BRAZEALembassy:corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobimailing address:P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi or APO AE 09831telephone:[254] (2) 334141FAX:[254] (2) 340838Flag:three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the redband is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossedspears is superimposed at the center
@Kenya, Economy
Overview:Kenya's 3.1% annual population growth rate - one of the highest in theworld - has led to a decline in per capita output in each of the lastthree years, 1991-93. Undependable weather conditions and a shortageof arable land hamper long-term growth in agriculture, the leadingeconomic sector. In industry and services, Nairobi's reluctance toembrace IMF-supported reforms has held back investment. Ethnic clashesand continued suspension of quick disbursing aid by the internationaldonors kept growth at only 0.5% in 1993.National product:GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $33.2 billion (1993 est.)National product real growth rate:0.5% (1993 est.)National product per capita:$1,200 (1993 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):55% (1993 est.)Unemployment rate:23.8% urban (1993 est.)Budget:revenues:$2.4 billionexpenditures:$2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $740 million (1990est.)Exports:$1 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% (1990)partners:EC 47%, Africa 23%, Asia 11%, US 4%, Middle East 3% (1991)Imports:$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleumproducts 15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumergoods (1989)partners:EC 46%, Asia 23%, Middle East 20%, US 5% (1991)External debt:$7 billion (1992 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 5.4% (1989 est.); accounts for 13% of GDPElectricity:capacity:730,000 kWproduction:2.54 billion kWhconsumption per capita:100 kWh (1990)Industries:small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles,soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining,cement, tourismAgriculture:most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and 65% of exports;cash crops - coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple; food products - corn,wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork,poultry, eggs; food output not keeping pace with population growth,and crop production has been extended into marginal landIllicit drugs:widespread wild, small-plot cultivation of marijuana and gat; mostlocally consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving toWest Africa and onward to Europe and North America; Indianmethaqualone also transits on way to South AfricaEconomic aid:recipient:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.49billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communistcountries (1970-89), $83 millionCurrency:1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 centsExchange rates:Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 68.413 (December 1993), 32.217(1992), 27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989)Fiscal year:1 July - 30 June
@Kenya, Communications
Railroads:2,040 km 1.000-meter gaugeHighways:total:64,590 kmpaved:7,000 kmunpaved:gravel 4,150 km; improved earth 53,440 kmInland waterways:part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of KenyaPipelines:petroleum products 483 kmPorts:coastal - Mombasa, Lamu; inland - KisumuMerchant marine:2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,883 GRT/6,255 DWT, bargecarrier 1, oil tanker ship 1Airports:total:248usable:213with permanent-surface runways:28with runways over 3,659 m:2with runways 2,440-3,659 m:3with runways 1,220-2,439 m:44Telecommunications:in top group of African systems; consists primarily of radio relaylinks; over 260,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 16 AM; 4 FM, 6TV; satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 IndianOcean INTELSAT
@Kenya, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the PoliceManpower availability:males age 15-49 6,144,891; fit for military service 3,799,202Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $294 million, 4.9% of GDP (FY88/89 est.)
@Kingman Reef
Header Affiliation: (territory of the US)
@Kingman Reef, Geography
Location: Oceania, Micronesia, in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,600 km south-southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 1 sq km land area: 1 sq km comparative area: about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 3 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds Terrain: low and nearly level with a maximum elevation of about 1 meter Natural resources: none Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes this a maritime hazard international agreements: NA Note: barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public
@Kingman Reef, People
Population: uninhabited
@Kingman Reef, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:Kingman ReefDigraph:KQType:unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy,however it is awash the majority of the time, so it is not usable anduninhabited.Capital:none; administered from Washington, DC
@Kingman Reef, Economy
Overview: no economic activity
@Kingman Reef, Communications
Ports:none; offshore anchorage onlyAirports:lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoaby Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938
@Kingman Reef, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of the US
@Kiribati, Geography
Location:Oceania, Micronesia, straddling the equator in the Pacific Ocean,about halfway between Hawaii and AustraliaMap references:OceaniaArea:total area:717 sq kmland area:717 sq kmcomparative area:slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DCnote:includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, PhoenixIslandsLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:1,143 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade windsTerrain:mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefsNatural resources:phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)Land use:arable land:0%permanent crops:51%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:3%other:46%Irrigated land:NA sq kmEnvironment:current issues:NAnatural hazards:typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; subject tooccasional tornadoesinternational agreements:party to - Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but notratified - Climate ChangeNote:20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribatiis one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean- the others are Makatea in French Polynesia and Nauru
@Kiribati, People
Population: 77,853 (July 1994 est.) Population growth rate: 1.99% (1994 est.) Birth rate: 31.64 births/1,000 population (1994 est.) Death rate: 12.31 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.) Net migration rate: 0.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.) Infant mortality rate: 98.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 54.16 years male: 52.56 years female: 55.78 years (1994 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.77 children born/woman (1994 est.) Nationality: noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural) adjective: I-Kiribati Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religions: Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant (Congregational) 40.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Church of God, Mormon 6% (1985) Languages: English (official), Gilbertese Literacy: total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% Labor force: 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
@Kiribati, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Kiribaticonventional short form:Kiribatiformer:Gilbert IslandsDigraph:KRType:republicCapital:TarawaAdministrative divisions:3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islandsnote:a new administrative structure of 6 districts (Banaba, CentralGilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa)may have been changed to 21 island councils (one for each of theinhabited islands) named Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba,Beru, Butaritari, Canton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei,Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa,TerainaIndependence:12 July 1979 (from UK)National holiday:Independence Day, 12 July (1979)Constitution:12 July 1979Legal system:NASuffrage:18 years of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state and head of government:President (Beretitenti) Teatao TEANNAKI (since 8 July 1991); VicePresident (Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti) Taomati IUTA (since 8 July 1991);election last held on 8 July 1991 (next to be held by NA 1996);results - Teatao TEANNAKI 52%, Roniti TEIWAKI 28%cabinet:Cabinet; appointed by the president from an elected parliamentLegislative branch:unicameralHouse of Assembly (Maneaba Ni Maungatabu):elections last held on 8 May 1991 (next to be held by NA 1996);results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (40 total; 39 elected)percent of seats by party NAJudicial branch:Court of Appeal, High CourtPolitical parties and leaders:National Progressive Party, Teatao TEANNAKI; Christian DemocraticParty, Teburoro TITO; New Movement Party, leader NA; Liberal Party,Tewareka TENTOA; Maneaba Party, Roniti TEIWAKInote:there is no tradition of formally organized political parties inKiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructuresMember of:ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IMF, INTELSAT(nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU,WHODiplomatic representation in US:Kiribati has no mission in the USUS diplomatic representation:the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to KiribatiFlag:the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellowrising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavywhite stripes to represent the ocean
@Kiribati, Economy
Overview:The country has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphatedeposits were exhausted at the time of independence in 1979. Copra andfish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy hasfluctuated widely in recent years. Real GDP declined about 8% in 1987,as the fish catch fell sharply to only one-fourth the level of 1986and copra production was hampered by repeated rains. Output reboundedstrongly in 1988, with real GDP growing by 17%. The upturn in economicgrowth came from an increase in copra production and a good fishcatch. Following the strong surge in output in 1988, GNP increased 1%in both 1989 and 1990.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $36.8 million (1990 est.)National product real growth rate:1.5% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$525 (1990 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):4% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)Budget:revenues:$29.9 millionexpenditures:$16.3 million, including capital expenditures of $14 million (1990est.)Exports:$4.2 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:copra 50%, seaweed 16%, fish 15%partners:Denmark, Fiji, USImports:$33.1 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)commodities:foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods,fuelpartners:Australia 40%, Japan 18%, Fiji 17%, NZ 6%, US 4% (1991)External debt:$2 million (December 1989 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 0.7% (1992 est.); accounts for less than 4% of GDPElectricity:capacity:5,000 kWproduction:13 million kWhconsumption per capita:190 kWh (1990)Industries:fishing, handicraftsAgriculture:accounts for 23% of GDP (including fishing); copra and fish contributeabout 65% to exports; subsistence farming predominates; food crops -taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; not self-sufficient infoodEconomic aid:recipient:Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $273 millionCurrency:1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 centsExchange rates:Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4364 (January 1994), 1.4704(1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989)Fiscal year:NA
@Kiribati, Communications
Highways:total:640 kmpaved:NAunpaved:NAInland waterways:small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Line IslandsPorts:Banaba and Betio (Tarawa)Merchant marine:1 passenger-cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295DWTAirports:total:21usable:20with permanent-surface runways:4with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:0with runways 1,220-2,439 m:5Telecommunications:1,400 telephones; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, no TV; 1 PacificOcean INTELSAT earth station
@Kiribati, Defense Forces
Branches:Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitaryduties; there are small police posts on all islands); no militaryforce is maintainedDefense expenditures:$NA, NA% of GDP
@Korea, North, Geography
Location:Eastern Asia, between China and South KoreaMap references:Asia, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:120,540 sq kmland area:120,410 sq kmcomparative area:slightly smaller than MississippiLand boundaries:total 1,673 km, China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 kmCoastline:2,495 kmMaritime claims:territorial sea:12 nmexclusive economic zone:200 nmmilitary boundary line:50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in theYellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permissionare bannedInternational disputes:short section of boundary with China is indefinite; Demarcation Linewith South KoreaClimate:temperate with rainfall concentrated in summerTerrain:mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastalplains wide in west, discontinuous in eastNatural resources:coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper,gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropowerLand use:arable land:18%permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:74%other:7%Irrigated land:14,000 sq km (1989)Environment:current issues:localized air pollution attributable to inadequate industrial controlsnatural hazards:late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; subject tooccasional typhoons which occur during the early fallinternational agreements:party to - Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Modification, ShipPollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the SeaNote:strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia;mountainous interior is isolated, nearly inaccessible, and sparselypopulated
@Korea, North, People
Population:23,066,573 (July 1994 est.)Population growth rate:1.83% (1994 est.)Birth rate:23.75 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)Death rate:5.5 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)Infant mortality rate:27.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:69.78 yearsmale:66.69 yearsfemale:73.02 years (1994 est.)Total fertility rate:2.37 children born/woman (1994 est.)Nationality:noun:Korean(s)adjective:KoreanEthnic divisions:racially homogeneousReligions:Buddhism and Confucianism, some Christianity and syncretic Chondogyonote:autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent;government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion ofreligious freedomLanguages:KoreanLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population:99%male:99%female:99%Labor force:9.615 millionby occupation:agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%note:shortage of skilled and unskilled labor (mid-1987 est.)
@Korea, North, Government
Names:conventional long form:Democratic People's Republic of Koreaconventional short form:North Korealocal long form:Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguklocal short form:noneAbbreviation:DPRKDigraph:KNType:Communist state; Stalinist dictatorshipCapital:P'yongyangAdministrative divisions:9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 3 special cities* (jikhalsi,singular and plural); Chagang-do (Chagang Province), Hamgyong-bukto(North Hamgyong Province), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong Province),Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae Province), Hwanghae-namdo (SouthHwanghae Province), Kaesong-si* (Kaesong City), Kangwon-do (KangwonProvince), Namp'o-si* (Namp'o City), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yonganProvince), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan Province), P'yongyang-si*(P'yongyang City), Yanggang-do (Yanggang Province)Independence:9 September 1948note:15 August 1945, date of independence from the Japanese and celebratedin North Korea as National Liberation DayNational holiday:DPRK Foundation Day, 9 September (1948)Constitution:adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again inApril 1992Legal system:based on German civil law system with Japanese influences andCommunist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; hasnot accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionSuffrage:17 years of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state:President KIM Il-song (national leader since 1948, president since 28December 1972); designated successor KIM Chong-il (son of president,born 16 February 1942); election last held 24 May 1990 (next to beheld by NA 1995); results - President KIM Il-song was reelectedwithout oppositionhead of government:Premier KANG Song-san (since December 1992)cabinet:State Administration Council; appointed by the Supreme People'sAssemblyLegislative branch:unicameralSupreme People's Assembly (Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui):elections last held on 7-9 April 1993 (next to be held NA); results -percent of vote by party NA; seats - (687 total) the KWP approves asingle list of candidates who are elected without opposition; minorparties hold a few seatsJudicial branch:Central CourtPolitical parties and leaders:major party - Korean Workers' Party (KWP), KIM Il-song, generalsecretary, and his son, KIM Chong-il, secretary, Central Committee;Korean Social Democratic Party, KIM Pyong-sik, chairman; ChondoistChongu Party, YU Mi-yong, chairwomanMember of:ESCAP, FAO, G-77, ICAO, IFAD, IMF (observer), IMO, INTELSAT(nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:noneUS diplomatic representation:noneFlag:three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue;the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is awhite disk with a red five-pointed star
@Korea, North, Economy
Overview:More than 90% of this command economy is socialized; agricultural landis collectivized; and state-owned industry produces 95% ofmanufactured goods. State control of economic affairs is unusuallytight even for a Communist country because of the small size andhomogeneity of the society and the strict rule of KIM Il-song and hisson, KIM Chong-il. Economic growth during the period 1984-88 averaged2%-3%, but output declined by 3%-5% annually during 1989-92 because ofsystemic problems and disruptions in socialist-style economicrelations with the former USSR and China. In 1992, output droppedsharply, by perhaps 7%-9%, as the economy felt the cumulative effectof the reduction in outside support. The leadership insisted onmaintaining its high level of military outlays from a shrinkingeconomic pie. Moreover, a serious drawdown in inventories and criticalshortages in the energy sector have led to increasing interruptions inindustrial production. Abundant mineral resources and hydropower haveformed the basis of industrial development since WWII. Output of theextractive industries includes coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite,copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals. Manufacturing is centered onheavy industry, including military industry, with light industrylagging far behind. Despite the use of improved seed varieties,expansion of irrigation, and the heavy use of fertilizers, North Koreahas not yet become self-sufficient in food production. Six consecutiveyears of poor harvests, coupled with distribution problems, have ledto chronic food shortages. North Korea remains far behind South Koreain economic development and living standards.National product:GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $22 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:-7 to -9% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$1,000 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):NA%Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues:$19.3 billionexpenditures:$19.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)Exports:$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:minerals, metallurgical products, agricultural and fishery products,manufactures (including armaments)partners:China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, MexicoImports:$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities:petroleum, grain, coking coal, machinery and equipment, consumer goodspartners:China, Russia, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, SingaporeExternal debt:$8 billion (1992 est.)Industrial production:growth rate -7% to -9% (1992 est.)Electricity:capacity:7,300,000 kWproduction:26 billion kWhconsumption per capita:1,160 kWh (1992)Industries:machine building, military products, electric power, chemicals,mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processingAgriculture:accounts for about 25% of GNP and 36% of work force; principal crops -rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; livestock and livestockproducts - cattle, hogs, pork, eggs; not self-sufficient in grainEconomic aid:recipient:Communist countries, $1.4 billion a year in the 1980s, but very littlenowCurrency:1 North Korean won (Wn) = 100 chonExchange rates:North Korean won (Wn) per US$1 - 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May 1992),2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990), 2.3 (December 1989)Fiscal year:calendar year
@Korea, North, Communications
Railroads:4,915 km total; 4,250 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 665 km0.762-meter narrow gauge; 159 km double track; 3,084 km electrified;government owned (1989)Highways:total:30,000 kmpaved:1,440 kmunpaved:gravel, crushed stone, earth 28,560 km (1991)Inland waterways:2,253 km; mostly navigable by small craft onlyPipelines:crude oil 37 kmPorts:primary - Ch'ongjin, Hungnam (Hamhung), Najin, Namp'o, Wonsan;secondary - Haeju, Kimch'aek, Kosong, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong(formerly Unggi), UngsangMerchant marine:83 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 706,497 GRT/1,114,827 DWT, bulk9, cargo 67, combination bulk 1, oil tanker 2, passenger 1,passenger-cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1Airports:total:55usable:55 (est.)with permanent-surface runways:about 30with runways over 3,659 m:fewer than 5with runways 2,440-3,659 m:20with runways 1,220-2,439 m:30Telecommunications:broadcast stations - 18 AM, no FM, 11 TV; 300,000 TV sets (1989);3,500,000 radio receivers; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
@Korea, North, Defense Forces
Branches:Korean People's Army (including the Army, Navy, Air Force), CivilSecurity ForcesManpower availability:males age 15-49 6,658,529; fit for military service 4,044,355; reachmilitary age (18) annually 196,763 (1994 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - about $5 billion, 20%-25% of GNP (1991est.); note - the officially announced but suspect figure is $2.2billion (1994), about 12% of total spending
@Korea, South, Geography
Location:Eastern Asia, between North Korea and JapanMap references:Asia, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:98,480 sq kmland area:98,190 sq kmcomparative area:slightly larger than IndianaLand boundaries:total 238 km, North Korea 238 kmCoastline:2,413 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf:not specifiedterritorial sea:12 nm; 3 nm in the Korea StraitInternational disputes:Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks claimed by JapanClimate:temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winterTerrain:mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and southNatural resources:coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropowerLand use:arable land:21%permanent crops:1%meadows and pastures:1%forest and woodland:67%other:10%Irrigated land:13,530 sq km (1989)Environment:current issues:air pollution in large cities; water pollution from the discharge ofsewage and industrial effluentsnatural hazards:occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; earthquakes insouthwestinternational agreements:party to - Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Whaling; signed, but notratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Law of theSea
@Korea, South, People
Population:45,082,880 (July 1994 est.)Population growth rate:1.04% (1994 est.)Birth rate:15.7 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)Death rate:6.17 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)Net migration rate:0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)Infant mortality rate:21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:70.59 yearsmale:67.39 yearsfemale:73.98 years (1994 est.)Total fertility rate:1.65 children born/woman (1994 est.)Nationality:noun:Korean(s)adjective:KoreanEthnic divisions:homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)Religions:Christianity 48.6%, Buddhism 47.4%, Confucianism 3%, pervasive folkreligion (shamanism), Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) 0.2%Languages:Korean, English widely taught in high schoolLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population:96%male:99%female:99%Labor force:20 millionby occupation:services and other 52%, mining and manufacturing 27%, agriculture,fishing, forestry 21% (1991)
@Korea, South, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Koreaconventional short form:South Korealocal long form:Taehan-min'guklocal short form:noneAbbreviation:ROKDigraph:KSType:republicCapital:SeoulAdministrative divisions:9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 6 special cities* (jikhalsi,singular and plural); Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo,Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-jikhalsi*, Kangwon-do,Kwangju-jikhalsi*, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo,Pusan-jikhalsi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-jikhalsi*, Taejon-jikhalsi*Independence:15 August 1948National holiday:Independence Day, 15 August (1948)Constitution:25 February 1988Legal system:combines elements of continental European civil law systems,Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thoughtSuffrage:20 years of age; universalExecutive branch:chief of state:President KIM Yong-sam (since 25 February 1993); election last held on18 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1997); results - KIMYong-sam (DLP) 41.9%, KIM Tae-chung (DP) 33.8%, CHONG Chu-yong (UPP)16.3%, other 8%head of government:Prime Minister YI Yong-tok (since 29 April 1994); Deputy PrimeMinister CHONG Chae-sok (since 21 December 1993) and Deputy PrimeMinister YI Hong-ku (since 30 April 1994)cabinet:State Council; appointed by the president on the prime minister'srecommendationLegislative branch:unicameralNational Assembly (Kukhoe):elections last held on 24 March 1992; results - DLP 38.5%, DP 29.2%,Unification National Party (UNP) 17.3% (name later changed to UPP),other 15%; seats - (299 total) DLP 149, DP 97, UNP 31, other 22; thedistribution of seats as of January 1994 was DLP 172, DP 96, UPP 11,other 20note:the change in the distribution of seats reflects the fluidity of thecurrent situation where party members are constantly switching fromone party to anotherJudicial branch:Supreme CourtPolitical parties and leaders:majority party:Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), KIM Yong-sam, presidentopposition:Democratic Party (DP), YI Ki-taek, executive chairman; United People'sParty (UPP), KIM Tong-kil, chairman; several smaller partiesnote:the DLP resulted from a merger of the Democratic Justice Party (DJP),Reunification Democratic Party (RDP), and New Democratic RepublicanParty (NDRP) on 9 February 1990Other political or pressure groups:Korean National Council of Churches; National Democratic Alliance ofKorea; National Federation of Student Associations; NationalFederation of Farmers' Associations; National Council of Labor Unions;Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association;Federation of Korean Industries; Korean Traders AssociationMember of:AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, COCOM (cooperating), CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO,G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, OAS(observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador HAN Sung-suchancery:2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 939-5600consulate(s) general:Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston,Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and SeattleUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador James T. LANEYembassy:82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoulmailing address:American Embassy, Unit 15550, Seoul; APO AP 96205-0001telephone:[82] (2) 397-4000 through 4008 and 397-4114FAX:[82] (2) 738-8845consulate(s):PusanFlag:white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; thereis a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book ofChanges) in each corner of the white field
@Korea, South, Economy
Overview:The driving force behind the economy's dynamic growth has been theplanned development of an export-oriented economy in a vigorouslyentrepreneurial society. Real GNP increased more than 10% annuallybetween 1986 and 1991. This growth ultimately led to an overheatedsituation characterized by a tight labor market, strong inflationarypressures, and a rapidly rising current account deficit. As a result,in 1992, economic policy focused on slowing the growth rate ofinflation and reducing the deficit. Annual growth slowed to 5%, stillabove the rate in most other countries of the world. Growth increasedto 6.3% in 1993 as a result of fourth quarter manufacturing productiongrowth of over 10% and is expected to be in the 8% range for 1994.National product:GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $424 billion (1993 est.)National product real growth rate:6.3% (1993)National product per capita:$9,500 (1993 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):4.8% (1993)Unemployment rate:2.6% (October 1993)Budget:revenues:$48.4 billionexpenditures:$48.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)Exports:$81 billion (f.o.b., 1993)commodities:electronic and electrical equipment, machinery, steel, automobiles,ships, textiles, clothing, footwear, fishpartners:US 26%, Japan 17%, EC 14%Imports:$78.9 billion (c.i.f., 1993)commodities:machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transportequipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grainspartners:Japan 26%, US 24%, EC 15%External debt:$42 billion (1992)Industrial production:growth rate 5% (1992 est.); accounts for about 45% of GNPElectricity:capacity:27,016 kW (1993)production:105 billion kWh (1992)consumption per capita:2,380 kWh (1992)Industries:electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel,textiles, clothing, footwear, food processingAgriculture:accounts for 8% of GNP and employs 21% of work force (includingfishing and forestry); principal crops - rice, root crops, barley,vegetables, fruit; livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs,chickens, milk, eggs; self-sufficient in food, except for wheat; fishcatch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh-largest in worldEconomic aid:recipient:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.9 billion; non-UScountries (1970-89), $3 billionCurrency:1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chun (theoretical)Exchange rates:South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 810.48 (January 1994), 802.68 (1993),780.65 (1992), 733.35 (1991), 707.76 (1990), 671.46 (1989)Fiscal year:calendar year
@Korea, South, Communications
Railroads:3,091 km total (1991); 3,044 km 1.435 meter standard gauge, 47 km0.610-meter narrow gauge, 847 km double track; 525 km electrified,government ownedHighways:total:63,201 kmpaved:expressways 1,551 kmunpaved:NAundifferentiated:national highway 12,190 km; provincial, local roads 49,460 km (1991)Inland waterways:1,609 km; use restricted to small native craftPipelines:petroleum products 455 kmPorts:Pusan, Inch'on, Kunsan, Mokp'o, UlsanMerchant marine:417 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,425,920 GRT/10,535,850 DWT,bulk 123, cargo 132, chemical tanker 16, combination bulk 2,combination ore/oil 2, container 60, liquefied gas 13, multifunctionlarge-load carrier 1, oil tanker 47, refrigerated cargo 11, short-seapassenger 1, vehicle carrier 9Airports:total:104usable:95with permanent-surface runways:61with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:23with runways 1,220-2,439 m:18Telecommunications:excellent domestic and international services; 13,276,449 telephonesubscribers; broadcast stations - 79 AM, 46 FM, 256 TV (57 of 1 kW orgreater); satellite earth stations - 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1Indian Ocean INTELSAT
@Korea, South, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air ForceManpower availability:males age 15-49 13,435,598; fit for military service 8,623,325; reachmilitary age (18) annually 417,055 (1994 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $13.0 billion, 3.6% of GNP (1994 est.)
@Kuwait, Geography
Location:Middle East, at the head of the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and SaudiArabiaMap references:Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:17,820 sq kmland area:17,820 sq kmcomparative area:slightly smaller than New JerseyLand boundaries:total 464 km, Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 kmCoastline:499 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf:not specifiedterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:in April 1991 Iraq officially accepted UN Security Council Resolution687, which demands that Iraq accept the inviolability of the boundaryset forth in its 1963 agreement with Kuwait, ending earlier claims toBubiyan and Warbah islands, or to all of Kuwait; the 20 May 1993 finalreport of the UN Iraq/Kuwait Boundary Demarcation Commission waswelcomed by the Security Council in Resolution 833 of 27 May 1993,which also reaffirmed that the decisions of the commission on theboundary were final, bringing to a completion the official demarcationof the Iraq-Kuwait boundary; Iraqi officials still refuse tounconditionally recognize Kuwaiti sovereignty of the inviolability ofthe UN demarcated border; ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradimislands disputed by Saudi ArabiaClimate:dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool wintersTerrain:flat to slightly undulating desert plainNatural resources:petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gasLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:8%forest and woodland:0%other:92%Irrigated land:20 sq km (1989 est.)Environment:current issues:some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilitiesprovide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertificationnatural hazards:NAinternational agreements:party to - Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but notratified - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine DumpingNote:strategic location at head of Persian Gulf
@Kuwait, People
Population:1,819,322 (July 1994 est.)Population growth rate:5.24% (1994 est.)note:this rate reflects the continued post-Gulf crisis return of nationalsand expatriatesBirth rate:29.43 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)Death rate:2.37 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)Net migration rate:25.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)Infant mortality rate:12.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:74.99 yearsmale:72.83 yearsfemale:77.25 years (1994 est.)Total fertility rate:4 children born/woman (1994 est.)Nationality:noun:Kuwaiti(s)adjective:KuwaitiEthnic divisions:Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%Religions:Muslim 85% (Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi,and other 15%Languages:Arabic (official), English widely spokenLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population:73%male:77%female:67%Labor force:566,000 (1986)by occupation:services 45.0%, construction 20.0%, trade 12.0%, manufacturing 8.6%,finance and real estate 2.6%, agriculture 1.9%, power and water 1.7%,mining and quarrying 1.4%note:70% of labor force non-Kuwaiti (1986)
@Kuwait, Government
Names:conventional long form:State of Kuwaitconventional short form:Kuwaitlocal long form:Dawlat al Kuwaytlocal short form:Al KuwaytDigraph:KUType:nominal constitutional monarchyCapital:KuwaitAdministrative divisions:5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al 'Ahmadi, AlJahrah, Al Kuwayt, Hawalli, Al FarwaniyahIndependence:19 June 1961 (from UK)National holiday:National Day, 25 February (1948)Constitution:16 November 1962 (some provisions suspended since 29 August 1962)Legal system:civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; hasnot accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdictionSuffrage:adult males who resided in Kuwait before 1920 and their maledescendants at age 21note:only 10% of all citizens are eligible to voteExecutive branch:chief of state:Amir Shaykh JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 31 December 1977)head of government:Prime Minister and Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah(since 8 February 1978); Deputy Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-JabirAl Sabah (since 17 October 1992)cabinet:Council of Ministers; appointed by the Prime Minister and approved bythe AmirLegislative branch:unicameralNational Assembly (Majlis al-umma):dissolved 3 July 1986; new elections were held on 5 October 1992 witha second election in the 14th and 16th constituencies held February1993Judicial branch:High Court of AppealPolitical parties and leaders:noneOther political or pressure groups:small, clandestine leftist and Shi'a fundamentalist groups are active;several groups critical of government policies are publicly activeMember of:ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC,IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC,OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador MUHAMMAD al-Sabah al-Salim al-Sabahchancery:2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 966-0702FAX:(202) 966-0517US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador-designate Ryan CROCKERembassy:Bneid al-Gar (opposite the Kuwait International Hotel), Kuwait Citymailing address:P.O. Box 77 SAFAT, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait; Unit 69000, Kuwait; APO AE09880-9000telephone:[965] 242-4151 through 4159FAX:[956] 244-2855Flag:three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with ablack trapezoid based on the hoist side