2) General Assembly:
Habitat Commission on Human SettlementsUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUNEP United Nations Environment ProgramUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNHCR United Nations Office of High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations Children's FundUNITAR UN Institute for Training and ResearchUNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugeesin the Near EastUN Special FundUN UniversityWFC World Food CouncilWFP World Food Program
3) Security Council:
Peacekeeping Forces and OrganizationsUNAVEM II United Nations Angola Verification MissionUNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer ForceUNFICYP United Nations Force in CyprusUNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in LebanonUNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India andPakistanUNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision OrganizationUNIKOM United Nations Iran-Kuwait Observation MissionMINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in WesternSaharaONUSAL United Nations Observer Mission in El SalvadorUNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in CambodiaUNPROFOR United Nations Protection ForceUNOSOM II United Nations Operation in SomaliaUNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in GeorgiaUNOMOZ United Nations Operation in MozambiqueUNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda
Commissions Established Pursuant to SC Res.687UNSCOM UN Special CommissionUnited National Compensation CommissionUN Iraq/Kuwait Boundary Demarcation Commission
4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC):
Specialized agenciesFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationIDA International Development AssociationIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFC International Finance CorporationILO International Labor OrganizationIMF International Monetary FundIMO International Maritime OrganizationITU International Telecommunication UnionUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganizationUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUPU Universal Postal UnionWHO World Health OrganizationWIPO World Intellectual Property OrganizationWMO World Meteorological Organization
Related organizationsGATT General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeIAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
Regional commissionsECA Economic Commission for AfricaECE Economic Commission for EuropeECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
Functional commissionsCommission on Human RightsCommission on Narcotics DrugsCommission for Social DevelopmentCommission on the Status of WomenPopulation CommissionStatistical CommissionCommission on Science and Technology for DevelopmentCommission on Sustainable DevelopmentCommission on Crime Prevention and Criminal JusticeCommission on Transnational Corporations
5) Trusteeship Council
6) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Appendix B: Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups
A ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in AfricaACC Arab Cooperation CouncilACCT Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agencyfor Cultural and Technical CooperationACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific CountriesAfDB African Development BankAFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social DevelopmentAG Andean GroupAL Arab LeagueALADI Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see LatinAmerican Integration Association (LAIA)AMF Arab Monetary FundAMU Arab Maghreb UnionANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Security TreatyAPEC Asia Pacific Economic CooperationAsDB Asian Development BankASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
B BAD Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African DevelopmentBank (AfDB)BADEA Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; seeArab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)BCIE Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see CentralAmerican Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)BDEAC Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; seeCentral African States Development Bank (BDEAC)Benelux Benelux Economic UnionBID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank (IADB)BIS Bank for International SettlementsBOAD Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West AfricanDevelopment Bank (WADB)BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C C CommonwealthCACM Central American Common MarketCAEU Council of Arab Economic UnityCARICOM Caribbean Community and Common MarketCBSS Council of the Baltic Sea StatesCCC Customs Cooperation CouncilCDB Caribbean Development BankCE Council of EuropeCEAO Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see WestAfrican Economic Community (CEAO)CEEAC Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; seeEconomic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)CEI Central European InitiativeCEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEAor Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991CEPGL Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see EconomicCommunity of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see EuropeanOrganization for Nuclear Research (CERN)CG Contadora GroupCIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesCMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also knownas Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export ControlsComecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also knownas CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991CP Colombo PlanCSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
D DC developed country
E EADB East African Development BankEBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentEC European Community; see European Union (EU)ECA Economic Commission for AfricaECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economicand Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)ECE Economic Commission for EuropeECLA Economic Commission for Latin America; see EconomicCommission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanECO Economic Cooperation OrganizationECOSOC Economic and Social CouncilECOWAS Economic Community of West African StatesECSC European Coal and Steel CommunityECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic andSocial Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)EEC European Economic CommunityEFTA European Free Trade AssociationEIB European Investment BankEntente Council of the EntenteESA European Space AgencyESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western AsiaEU European UnionEuratom European Atomic Energy Community
F FAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationFLS Front Line StatesFZ Franc Zone
G G-2 Group of 2G-3 Group of 3G-5 Group of 5G-6 Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)G-7 Group of 7G-8 Group of 8G-9 Group of 9G-10 Group of 10G-11 Group of 11G-15 Group of 15G-19 Group of 19G-24 Group of 24G-30 Group of 30G-33 Group of 33G-77 Group of 77GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeGCC Gulf Cooperation Council
H Habitat Commission on Human Settlements
I IADB Inter-American Development BankIAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyIBEC International Bank for Economic CooperationIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationICC International Chamber of CommerceICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; seeInternational Organization for Migration (IOM)ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade UnionsICJ International Court of JusticeICM Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; seeInternational Organization for Migration (IOM)ICRC International Committee of the Red CrossIDA International Development AssociationIDB Islamic Development BankIEA International Energy AgencyIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFC International Finance CorporationIFCTU International Federation of Christian Trade UnionsIGADD Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and DevelopmentIIB International Investment BankILO International Labor OrganizationIMCO Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; seeInternational Maritime Organization (IMO)IMF International Monetary FundIMO International Maritime OrganizationINMARSAT International Maritime Satellite OrganizationINTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite OrganizationINTERPOL International Criminal Police OrganizationIOC International Olympic CommitteeIOM International Organization for MigrationISO International Organization for StandardizationITU International Telecommunication Union
L LAES Latin American Economic SystemLAIA Latin American Integration AssociationLAS League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)LDC less developed countryLLDC least developed countryLORCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
M MERCOSUR Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone Common MarketMINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western SaharaMTCR Missile Technology Control Regime
N NACC North Atlantic Cooperation CouncilNAM Nonaligned MovementNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNC Nordic CouncilNEA Nuclear Energy AgencyNIB Nordic Investment BankNIC newly industrializing country; see newly industrializingeconomy (NIE)NIE newly industrializing economyNSG Nuclear Suppliers Group
O OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting CountriesOAS Organization of American StatesOAU Organization of African UnityOECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean StatesOIC Organization of the Islamic ConferenceONUSAL United Nations Observer Mission in El SalvadorOPANAL Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en laAmerica Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for theProhibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America andthe CaribbeanOPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
P PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
R RG Rio Group
S SAARC South Asian Association for Regional CooperationSACU Southern African Customs UnionSADC Southern African Development CommunitySADCC Southern African Development Coordination ConferenceSELA Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin AmericanEconomic System (LAES)SPARTECA South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic CooperationAgreementSPC South Pacific CommissionSPF South Pacific Forum
U UDEAC Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; seeCentral African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)UN United NationsUNAVEM II United Nations Angola Verification MissionUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer ForceUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUNEP United Nations Environment ProgramUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganizationUNFICYP United Nations Force in CyprusUNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UNPopulation Fund (UNFPA)UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations Children's FundUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in LebanonUNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation MissionUNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India andPakistanUNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in GeorgiaUNOMOZ United Nations Operation in MozambiqueUNOMUR United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-RwandaUNOSOM United Nations Operation in SomaliaUNPROFOR United Nations Protection ForceUNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for PalestineRefugees in the Near EastUNTAC United Nations Transitional Authority in CambodiaUNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision OrganizationUPU Universal Postal UnionUSSR/EE USSR/Eastern Europe
W WADB West African Development BankWCL World Confederation of LaborWEU Western European UnionWFC World Food CouncilWFP World Food ProgramWFTU World Federation of Trade UnionsWHO World Health OrganizationWIPO World Intellectual Property OrganizationWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWP Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve thealliance)WTO World Tourism Organization
Z ZC Zangger Committee
Note: Not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations
Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups
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Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved, and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations Specialized Agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken.
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advanced developing countries
another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
——-
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)
established - 1 April 1976
aim - members have a preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU
members - (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central AfricanRepublic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica,Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, TheGambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda,Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, SaoTome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands,Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad andTobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
——-
African Development Bank (AfDB), also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
established - 4 August 1963
aim - to promote economic and social development
regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members - (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea,Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
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Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)
see Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
——-
Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
note - acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique
established - 21 March 1970
aim - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries
members - (34) Belgium, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica,Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg,Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles,Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire
associate members - (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia
participating governments - (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada)
observers - (3) Bulgaria, Cambodia, Romania
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Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and theCaribbean (OPANAL)
note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)
established - 14 February 1967
aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons
members - (26) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil,Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad andTobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
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Andean Group (AG)
established - 26 May 1969
effective - 16 October 1969
aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration
members - (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
associate member - (1) Panama
observers - (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy,Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US,Uruguay, Yugoslavia
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Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
established - 18 February 1974
effective - 16 September 1974
aim - to promote economic development
members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine LiberationOrganization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League exceptDjibouti, Somalia, and Yemen
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Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)
established - 16 February 1989
aim - to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market
members - (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen
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Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
established - 16 May 1968
aim - to promote economic and social development
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
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Arab League (AL)
note - also known as League of Arab States (LAS)
established - 22 March 1945
aim - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation
members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco,Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen,Palestine Liberation Organization
——-
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
established - 17 February 1989
aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa
members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
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Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)
established - 27 April 1976
effective - 2 February 1977
aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs
members - (19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain,Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, PalestineLiberation Organization
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Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
established - 7 November 1989
aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin
members - (16) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, US
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Asian Development Bank (AsDB)
established - 19 December 1966
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
regional members - (37) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma,Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan,Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands,Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, PapuaNew Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa
nonregional members - (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
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Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)
see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
——-
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
established - 9 August 1967
aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia
members - (6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
observers - (3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam
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Australia Group
established - 1984
aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons
members - (25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,UK, US
observer - (1) Singapore
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Australia—New Zealand—United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
established - 1 September 1951
effective - 29 April 1952
aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986
members - (3) Australia, NZ, US
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Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)
see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
——-
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
——-
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
established - 20 January 1930
effective - 17 March 1930
aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements
members - (33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
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Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
see African Development Bank (AfDB)
——-
Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)
see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
——-
Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)
see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
——-
Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)
see West African Development Bank (WADB)
——-
Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)
note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
established - 3 February 1958
effective - 1 November 1960
aim - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
——-
Big Seven
note - membership is the same as the Group of 7
established - NA 1975
aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies
members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US
——-
Big Six
note - not to be confused with the Group of 6
established - NA 1967
aim - to foster economic cooperation
members - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
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Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)
established - 25 June 1992
aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation
members - (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
observer - (1) Poland
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Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)
established - 4 July 1973
effective - 1 August 1973
aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries
members - (13) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago
associate members - (2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
observers - (10) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Venezuela
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Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
established - 18 October 1969
effective - 26 January 1970
aim - to promote economic development and cooperation
regional members - (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas,Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia,Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago,Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members - (5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK
——-
Cartagena Group
see Group of 11
——-
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
note - acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 8 December 1964
effective - 1 January 1966
aim - to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market
members - (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
——-
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 3 December 1975
aim - to provide loans for economic development
members - (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
——-
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico
established - 13 December 1960
aim - to promote economic integration and development
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
nonregional members - (4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela
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Central American Common Market (CACM)
established - 13 December 1960
effective - 3 June 1961
aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market
members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
——-
Central European Initiative (CEI)
note - evolved from the Hexagonal Group
established - 27 July 1991
aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas
members - (10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
participating nonmembers - (6) Baden-Wurtemburg, Bavaria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine
——-
centrally planned economies
a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
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Colombo Plan (CP)
established - 1 July 1951
aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific
members - (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia,Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives,Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Thailand, US
——-
Commission for Social Development
established - 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with social development programs of UN
members - (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
——-
Commission on Human Rights
established - 18 February 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with human rights programs of UN
members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
——-
Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)
established - 12 October 1978
aim - Economic and Social Council organization assisting in solving human settlement problems of UN
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
——-
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
established - 16 February 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs programs of UN
members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries
——-
Commission on the Status of Women
established - 21 June 1946
aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with women's rights goals of UN
members - (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
——-
Commonwealth (C)
established - 31 December 1931
aim - voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire and that seeks to foster multinational cooperation and assistance
members - (48) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia,Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi,Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, PapuaNew Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and theGrenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, SriLanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK,Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
special members - (2) Nauru, Tuvalu
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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
established - 8 December 1991
effective - 21 December 1991
aim - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members - (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
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Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)
see West African Economic Community (CEAO)
——-
Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)
see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
——-
Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)
see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
——-
Communist countries
traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies
——-
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
established - 3 July 1973
aim - discusses issues of mutual concern and reviews implementation of the Helsinki Agreement
members - (53) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands,Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK,US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia (suspended)
observer - (1) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
——-
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)
see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
——-
Contadora Group (CG)
was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America but evolved into the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela
——-
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
——-
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)
note - was abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West controls of advanced technology
established - NA 1949
aim - to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations
members - (17) Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US
cooperating countries - (14) Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, South Korea, NZ, Poland, Singapore, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan
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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA) also known as CMEA or Comecon,
was established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)
——-
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
established - 3 June 1957
effective - 30 May 1964
aim - to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members - (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
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Council of Europe (CE)
established - 5 May 1949
effective - 3 August 1949
aim - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members - (32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, UK
guests - (8) Albania, Belarus, Croatia, Latvia, Moldova, Russia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine
observers - (2) Holy See, Israel
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Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
established - 5 March 1992
aim - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication
members - (10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden
observers - (2) Belarus, Ukraine
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Council of the Entente (Entente)
established - 29 May 1959
aim - to promote economic, social, and political coordination
members - (5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo
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Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)
established - 15 December 1950
aim - to promote international cooperation in customs matters
members - (126) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana,Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,Central African Republic, Chile, China, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon,The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, HongKong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Latvia,Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar,Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria,Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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developed countries (DCs)
the top group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GNP/GDP in excess of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
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developing countries
an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies; see less developed countries (LDCs)
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East African Development Bank (EADB)
established - 6 June 1967
effective - 1 December 1967
aim - to promote economic development
members - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
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Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
established - 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
aim - to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of the UN to promote economic development
members - (48) Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran,Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan,Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,Vietnam, Western Samoa
associate members - (10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
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Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
established - 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and Social Council
members - (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
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Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
established - 26 June 1945
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and six functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)
members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
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Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
established - 29 April 1958
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council
members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Coted'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, TheGambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique,Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa (suspended), Sudan,Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) France, UK
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Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
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Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
established - 28 March 1947
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council
members - (54) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus,Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands,Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
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Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)
see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
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Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
established - 25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)
aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council
members - (41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada,Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands,Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, SaintLucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Suriname, Trinidad andTobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
associate members - (6) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
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Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
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Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)-acronym fromCommunaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
established - 18 October 1983
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a Central African Common Market
members - (10) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire
observer - (1) Angola
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Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
established - 26 September 1976
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration
members - (3) Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire
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Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
established - 28 May 1975
aim - to promote regional economic cooperation
members - (16) Benin, Burkina, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
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Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
established - NA 1985
aim - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development
members - (11) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
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European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
established - 15 April 1991
aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization
members - (58) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium,Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, EuropeanCommunity (EC), European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France,Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey,Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia; note - includes all25 members of the OECD; also includes the EC as a single entity
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European Community (or European Communities, EC) was established 8 April1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), theEuropean Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the European Economic Community(EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely integrated commonmarket and an eventual federation of Europe; merged into the European Union(EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the time of merger were Belgium,Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,Portugal, Spain, UK
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European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
established - 4 January 1960
effective - 3 May 1960
aim - to promote expansion of free trade
members - (7) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
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European Investment Bank (EIB)
established - 25 March 1957
effective - 1 January 1958
aim - to promote economic development of the EU
members - (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
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European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire
established - 1 July 1953
effective - 29 September 1954
aim - to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only
members - (19) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
observers - (6) EC, Israel, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Yugoslavia
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European Space Agency (ESA)
established - 31 July 1973
effective - 1 May 1975
aim - to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology
members - (13) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK