(dependent territory of the UK)
@Gibraltar:Geography
Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 6.5 sq kmland area: 6.5 sq kmcomparative area: about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington,DC
Land boundaries: total 1.2 km, Spain 1.2 km
Coastline: 12 km
Maritime claims:territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: source of occasional friction between Spainand the UK
Climate: Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Terrain: a narrow coastal lowland borders The Rock
Natural resources: negligible
Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: limited natural freshwater resources, so largeconcrete or natural rock water catchments collect rain waternatural hazards: NAinternational agreements: NA
Note: strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the NorthAtlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
@Gibraltar:People
Population: 31,874 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 24% (female 3,757; male 3,835)15-64 years: 63% (female 9,730; male 10,485)65 years and over: 13% (female 2,360; male 1,707) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.62% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 8.85 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.61 years male: 73.7 years female: 79.48 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.29 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Ethnic divisions: Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, Spanish
Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% (Church of England 8%,other 3%), Moslem 8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% (1981)
Languages: English (used in schools and for official purposes),Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian
Literacy: NA%
Labor force: 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) note: UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force
@Gibraltar:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Gibraltar
Digraph: GI
Type: dependent territory of the UK
Capital: Gilbraltar
Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
National holiday: Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March)
Constitution: 30 May 1969
Legal system: English law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects residentsix months or more
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor and Commander in Chief Gen. Sir John CHAPPLE(since NA March 1993)head of government: Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since 25 March 1988)Gibraltar Council: advises the governorcabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed from the elected members ofthe Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister
Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly: elections last held on 16 January 1992 (next to be held January 1996); results - SL 73.3%; seats - (18 total, 15 elected) number of seats by party NA
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders: Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party (SL),Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the Advancement ofCivil Rights (GCL/AACR), leader NA; Gibraltar Social Democrats, PeterCARUANA; Gibraltar National Party, Joe GARCIA
Other political or pressure groups: Housewives Association; Chamber ofCommerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization
Member of: INTERPOL (subbureau)
Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK)
US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Flag: two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
@Gibraltar:Economy
Overview: Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade and offshore banking. The British military presence has been severely reduced and now only contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 15% of GDP; tourism, shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of employment.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $205 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $6,600 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.6% (1988)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $116 millionexpenditures: $124 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1992-93)
Exports: $57 million (f.o.b., 1992)commodities: (principally re-exports) petroleum 51%, manufacturedgoods 41%, other 8%partners: UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG
Imports: $420 million (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs partners: UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands
External debt: $318 million (1987)
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: capacity: 47,000 kW production: 90 million kWh consumption per capita: 2,539 kWh (1993)
Industries: tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UK naval and air bases; transit trade and supply depot in the port; light manufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish
Agriculture: none
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $800,000;Western (non-US) countries and ODA bilateral commitments (1992-93),$2.5 million
Currency: 1 Gibraltar pound (#G) = 100 pence
Exchange rates: Gibraltar pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
@Gibraltar:Transportation
Railroads: total: NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only
Highways: total: 50 km paved: 50 km
Pipelines: none
Ports: Gibraltar
Merchant marine:total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 419,707 GRT/721,110 DWTships by type: bulk 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oiltanker 14
Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
@Gibraltar:Communications
Telephone system: 9,400 telephones; adequate, automatic domesticsystem and adequate international radiocommunication and microwavefacilitieslocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 4televisions: NA
@Gibraltar:Defense Forces
Branches: British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
________________________________________________________________________
(possession of France)
@Glorioso Islands:Geography
Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 5 sq kmland area: 5 sq kmcomparative area: about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington,DCnote: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, andSouth Rock
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 35.2 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: claimed by Madagascar
Climate: tropical
Terrain: NA
Natural resources: guano, coconuts
Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: periodic cyclones international agreements: NA
@Glorioso Islands:People
Population: uninhabited
@Glorioso Islands:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Glorioso Islandslocal long form: nonelocal short form: Iles Glorieuses
Digraph: GO
Type: French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion
Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion
Independence: none (possession of France)
@Glorioso Islands:Economy
Overview: no economic activity
@Glorioso Islands:Transportation
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1
@Glorioso Islands:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of France
________________________________________________________________________
@Greece:Geography
Location: Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 131,940 sq kmland area: 130,800 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Alabama
Land boundaries: total 1,210 km, Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km,Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Coastline: 13,676 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationterritorial sea: 6 nm
International disputes: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions; Greece is involved in a bilateral dispute with Albania over border demarcation, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece
Climate: temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain: mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Natural resources: bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble
Land use: arable land: 23% permanent crops: 8% meadows and pastures: 40% forest and woodland: 20% other: 9%
Irrigated land: 11,900 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: air pollution; water pollutionnatural hazards: severe earthquakesinternational agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands;signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
Note: strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
@Greece:People
Population: 10,647,511 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 18% (female 904,374; male 947,494)15-64 years: 67% (female 3,601,029; male 3,565,931)65 years and over: 15% (female 919,044; male 709,639) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.72% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 10.56 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 9.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 5.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.92 years male: 75.39 years female: 80.59 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.46 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Greek(s) adjective: Greek
Ethnic divisions: Greek 98%, other 2%note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions inGreece
Religions: Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Languages: Greek (official), English, French
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991)total population: 95%male: 98%female: 93%
Labor force: 4.077 millionby occupation: services 52%, agriculture 23%, industry 25% (1994)
@Greece:Government
Names:conventional long form: Hellenic Republicconventional short form: Greecelocal long form: Elliniki Dhimokratialocal short form: Ellasformer: Kingdom of Greece
Digraph: GR
Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
Capital: Athens
Administrative divisions: 52 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos);Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki,Dhodhekanisos, Dhrama, Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis,Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia, Ioannina, Iraklion, Kardhitsa,Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkira, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios,Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi,Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Piraievs, Preveza,Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala,Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos, autonomous region: Agion Oros (Mt. Athos)
Independence: 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 March (1821) (proclamation of the war of independence)
Constitution: 11 June 1975
Legal system: based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:chief of state: President Konstantinos (Kostis) STEPHANOPOULOS (since10 March 1995) election last held 10 March 1995 (next to be held by NA2000); results - Konstantinos STEPHANOPOULOS was elected by Parliament
head of government: Prime Minister Andreas PAPANDREOU (since 10October 1993)cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of theprime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Vouli ton Ellinon): elections last held 10 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1997); results - PASOK 46.88%, ND 39.30%, Political Spring 4.87%, KKE 4.54%, and Progressive Left (replaced by Coalition of the Left and Progress) 2.94%; seats - (300 total) PASOK 170, ND 111, Political Spring 10, KKE 9
Judicial branch: Supreme Judicial Court, Special Supreme Tribunal
Political parties and leaders: New Democracy (ND; conservative),Miltiades EVERT; Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), AndreasPAPANDREOU; Communist Party (KKE), Aleka PAPARIGA;Ecologist-Alternative List, leader rotates; Political Spring, AntonisSAMARAS; Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos), NikolaosKONSTANTOPOULOS
Member of: Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE,EIB, FAO, G- 6, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA,IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS(observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Loucas TSILAS chancery: 2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 939-5824 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): New Orleans
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas M.T. NILES embassy: 91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens mailing address: PSC 108, Athens; APO AE 09842 telephone: [30] (1) 721-2951, 8401 FAX: [30] (1) 645-6282 consulate(s) general: Thessaloniki
Flag: nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country
@Greece:Economy
Overview: Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the basic entrepreneurial system overlaid in 1981-89 by a socialist system that enlarged the public sector from 55% of GDP in 1981 to about 70% in 1989. Since then, the public sector has been reduced to about 60% of GDP. Tourism continues as a major source of foreign exchange, and agriculture is self-sufficient except for meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs. Over the last decade, real GDP growth has averaged 1.6% a year, compared with the European Union average of 2.2%. Inflation continues to be well above the EU average, and the national debt has reached 140% of GDP, the highest in the EU. Prime Minister PAPANDREOU will probably make only limited progress correcting the economy's problems of high inflation, large budget deficit, and decaying infrastructure. His economic program suggests that although he will shun his expansionary policies of the 1980s, he will avoid tough measures needed to slow inflation or reduce the state's role in the economy. He has limited the previous government's privatization plans, for example, and has called for generous welfare spending and real wage increases. Athens continues to rely heavily on EU aid, which recently has amounted to about 6% of GDP. Greece almost certainly will not meet the EU's Maastricht Treaty convergence targets of public deficit held to 3% of GDP and national debt to 60% of GDP by 1999. Per capita GDP has fallen below Portugal's level, the lowest among EU members.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $93.7 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 0.4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $8,870 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.9% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: 10.1% (1994 est.)
Budget:revenues: $28.3 billionexpenditures: $37.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.2billion (1994)
Exports: $9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: manufactured goods 53%, foodstuffs 34%, fuels 5%partners: Germany 24%, Italy 14%, France 7%, UK 6%, US 4% (1993)
Imports: $19.2 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: manufactured goods 72%, foodstuffs 15%, fuels 10% partners: Germany 16%, Italy 14%, France 7%, Japan 7%, UK 6% (1993)
External debt: $26.9 billion (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate 3.2% (1993 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 8,970,000 kW production: 35.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,257 kWh (1993)
Industries: tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products, mining, petroleum
Agriculture: including fishing and forestry, accounts for 12% of GDP; principal products - wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; self-sufficient in food except meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium; mostly for domestic production; serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $525 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $1.39 billion
Currency: 1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta
Exchange rates: drachmae (Dr) per US$1 - 238.20 (January 1995), 242.60 (1994), 229.26 (1993), 190.62 (1992), 182.27 (1991), 158.51 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Greece:Transportation
Railroads:total: 2,503 kmstandard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified; 100 kmdouble track)narrow gauge: 887 km 1,000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge; 29 km 0.600-mgauge
Highways:total: 130,000 kmpaved: 119,210 km (116 km expressways)unpaved: 10,790 km (1990)
Inland waterways: 80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Piraievs (Piraeus) by 325 km; and three unconnected rivers
Pipelines: crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km
Ports: Alexandroupolis, Elevsis, Iraklion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkira,Khalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Piraievs (Piraeus),Thessaloniki, Volos
Merchant marine:total: 1,046 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,076,911GRT/53,618,024 DWTships by type: bulk 469, cargo 105, chemical tanker 22, combinationbulk 21, combination ore/oil 31, container 40, liquefied gas tanker 5,oil tanker 239, passenger 14, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 16, short-sea passenger 67, specializedtanker 3, vehicle carrier 1note: ethnic Greeks also own 125 ships under Liberian registry, 323under Panamanian, 705 under Cypriot, 351 under Maltese, and 100 underBahamian
Airports:total: 79with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 17with paved runways under 914 m: 22with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3
@Greece:Communications
Telephone system: 4,080,000 telephones; adequate, modern networksreach all areas; microwave radio relay carries most traffic; extensiveopen-wire network; submarine cables to off-shore islandslocal: NAintercity: microwave radio relay and open wireinternational: tropospheric links, 8 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (1Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT ground station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 29, FM 17 (repeaters 20), shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 361televisions: NA
@Greece:Defense Forces
Branches: Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, NationalGuard, Police
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,676,152; males fit formilitary service 2,046,996; males reach military age (21) annually75,857 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 5.4% ofGDP (1994)
________________________________________________________________________
(part of the Danish realm)
@Greenland:Geography
Location: Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Map references: Arctic Region
Area:total area: 2,175,600 sq kmland area: 383,600 sq km (ice free)comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 44,087 km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Terrain: flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Natural resources: zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, cryolite,uranium, fish
Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 0% other: 99%
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of theislandinternational agreements: NA
Note: dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe;sparse population confined to small settlements along coast
@Greenland:People
Population: 57,611 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 27% (female 7,664; male 7,881)15-64 years: 68% (female 17,761; male 21,580)65 years and over: 5% (female 1,500; male 1,225) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.05% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 17.7 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 7.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 25.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 67.65 years male: 63.33 years female: 71.98 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.25 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic
Ethnic divisions: Greenlander 86% (Eskimos and Greenland-bornCaucasians), Danish 14%
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran
Languages: Eskimo dialects, Danish
Literacy: NA%
Labor force: 22,800 by occupation: largely engaged in fishing, hunting, sheep breeding
@Greenland:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Greenlandlocal long form: nonelocal short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Digraph: GL
Type: part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division
Capital: Nuuk (Godthab)
Administrative divisions: 3 municipalities (kommuner, singular -kommun); Nordgronland, Ostgronland, Vestgronland
Independence: none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseasadministrative division)
National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)
Constitution: 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Legal system: Danish
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972),represented by High Commissioner Steen SPORE (since NA 1993)head of government: Home Rule Chairman Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15March 1991)cabinet: Landsstyre; formed from the Landsting on basis of strength ofparties
Legislative branch: unicameralParliament (Landsting): elections last held on 4 March 1995 (next tobe held 5 March 1999); results - Siumut 38.5%, Inuit Ataqatigiit20.3%, Atassut Party 29.7%; seats - (31 total) Siumut 12, AtassutParty 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 6, conservative splinter grouping 2,independent 1Danish Folketing: last held on 21 September 1994 (next to be held bySeptember 1998); Greenland elects two representatives to theFolketing; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total)Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; note - Greenlandic representatives areaffiliated with Danish political parties
Judicial branch: High Court (Landsret)
Political parties and leaders: two-party ruling coalition; Siumut (Forward Party, a moderate socialist party that advocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark), Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) (Eskimo Brotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule), Josef MOTZFELDT; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a more conservative party that favors continuing close relations with Denmark), Daniel SKIFTE; AKULLIIT, Bjarne KREUTZMANN; Issituup (Polar Party), Nicolai HEINRICH
Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing overseasadministrative division of Denmark)
US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing overseasadministrative division of Denmark)
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
@Greenland:Economy
Overview: Greenland's economic situation at present is difficult. Unemployment is increasing, and prospects for economic growth in the immediate future are dim. Following the closing of the Black Angel lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland became almost completely dependent on fishing and fish processing, the sector accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects for fisheries are not bright, as the important shrimp catches will at best stabilize and cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbon activities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with some potential for the near future. The public sector in Greenland, i.e., the central government and its commercial entities and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland accounting for about two-thirds of total employment. About half the government's revenues come from grants from the Danish Government.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: 6.6% (1993 est.)
Budget:revenues: $667 millionexpenditures: $635 million, including capital expenditures of $103.8million (1993 est.)
Exports: $330.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: fish and fish products 95% partners: Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5%
Imports: $369.6 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport equipment 24%, food and live animals 12.4%, petroleum products 12% partners: Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan 3.8%, Sweden 2.4%
External debt: $297.1 million (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: capacity: 84,000 kW production: 210 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,361 kWh (1993)
Industries: fish processing (mainly shrimp), lead and zinc mining, handicrafts, some small shipyards, potential for platinum and gold mining
Agriculture: sector dominated by fishing and sheep raising; crops limited to forage and small garden vegetables; 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tons
Economic aid: none
Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Greenland:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: 150 km paved: 60 km unpaved: 90 km
Ports: Faeringehavn, Frederikshaab, Holsteinsborg, Nanortalik, Narsaq,Nuuk (Godthaab), Sondrestrom
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 10with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 2with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3
@Greenland:Communications
Telephone system: 17,900 telephones; adequate domestic andinternational service provided by cables and microwave radio relaylocal: NAintercity: microwave radio relayinternational: 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean)earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 7 (repeaters 35), shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 4 (repeaters 9)televisions: NA
@Greenland:Defense Forces
Note: defense is responsibility of Denmark
________________________________________________________________________
@Grenada:Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 340 sq kmland area: 340 sq kmcomparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 121 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Terrain: volcanic in origin with central mountains
Natural resources: timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Land use: arable land: 15% permanent crops: 26% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 9% other: 47%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane seasonlasts from June to Novemberinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Lawof the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
Note: the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group isdivided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada
@Grenada:People
Population: 94,486 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 43% (female 20,076; male 20,824)15-64 years: 52% (female 23,123; male 25,828)65 years and over: 5% (female 2,514; male 2,121) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.45% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 29.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -19.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 12.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.67 years male: 68.2 years female: 73.17 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.85 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Grenadian(s) adjective: Grenadian
Ethnic divisions: black African
Religions: Roman Catholic, Anglican, other Protestant sects
Languages: English (official), French patois
Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)total population: 98%male: 98%female: 98%
Labor force: 36,000by occupation: services 31%, agriculture 24%, construction 8%,manufacturing 5%, other 32% (1985)
@Grenada:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Grenada
Digraph: GJ
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Saint George's
Administrative divisions: 6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou andPetit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, SaintJohn, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick
Independence: 7 February 1974 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
Constitution: 19 December 1973
Legal system: based on English common law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor General Reginald Oswald PALMER (since 6 August1992)head of government: Prime Minister George BRIZAN (since 1 February1994)cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of theprime minister
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and 3 by the Leader of the Opposition House of Representatives: elections last held on 13 March 1990 (next to be held by NA July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) NDC 7, GULP 4, TNP 2, NNP 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Congress (NDC),George BRIZAN; Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Sir Eric GAIRY; TheNational Party (TNP), Ben JONES; New National Party (NNP), KeithMITCHELL; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement (MBPM), Terrence MARRYSHOW
Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO,ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO(subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Denneth MODESTEchancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 265-2561
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ollie P. ANDERSON, Jr. embassy: Point Salines, Saint George's mailing address: P. O. Box 54, Saint George's, Grenada, W.I. telephone: [1] (809) 444-1173 through 1178 FAX: [1] (809) 444-4820
Flag: a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side) with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions
@Grenada:Economy
Overview: The economy is essentially agricultural and centers on the traditional production of spices and tropical plants. Agriculture accounts for about 15% of GDP and 80% of exports and employs 24% of the labor force. Tourism is the leading foreign exchange earner, followed by agricultural exports. Manufacturing remains relatively undeveloped, but is expected to grow, given a more favorable private investment climate since 1983. The economy achieved an impressive average annual growth rate of 5.5% in 1986-91 but has stalled since 1992. Unemployment remains high at about 25%.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $258 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: 0.5% (1993 est.)
National product per capita: $2,750 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.6% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: 25% (1994 est.)
Budget:revenues: $82.2 million (1993 est.)expenditures: $74.3 million, including capital expenditures of $11.8million (1993 est.)
Exports: $18.6 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing,macepartners: Netherlands, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, United States
Imports: $133.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: food 25%, manufactured goods 22%, machinery 20%,chemicals 10%, fuel 6% (1989)partners: US 29%, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1989)
External debt: $89.9 million (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate 1.8% (1992 est.); accounts for 9% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 12,500 kW production: 60 million kWh consumption per capita: 639 kWh (1993)
Industries: food and beverage, textile, light assembly operations, tourism, construction
Agriculture: accounts for 14% of GDP and 80% of exports; bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, and mace account for two-thirds of total crop production; world's second-largest producer and fourth-largest exporter of nutmeg and mace; small-sized farms predominate, growing a variety of citrus fruits, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, and vegetables
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY84-89), $60 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $70 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $32 million
Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Grenada:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: 1,000 km paved: 600 km unpaved: otherwise improved 300 km; unimproved earth 100 km
Ports: Grenville, Saint George's
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 3with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 1
@Grenada:Communications
Telephone system: 5,650 telephones; automatic, islandwide telephonesystem; new SHF radio links to the islands of Trinidad, Tobago, andSaint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to the islands of Trinidad andCarriacoulocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: SHF, VHF, and UHF radio communications
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: NA
@Grenada:Defense Forces
Branches: Royal Grenada Police Force, Coast Guard
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
________________________________________________________________________
(overseas department of France)
@Guadeloupe:Geography
Location: Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 1,780 sq kmland area: 1,706 sq kmcomparative area: 10 times the size of Washington, DCnote: Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands, of whichBasse-Terre, Grande-Terre, and Marie-Galante are the three largest
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 306 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: subtropical tempered by trade winds; relatively high humidity
Terrain: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grand-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin
Natural resources: cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism
Land use: arable land: 18% permanent crops: 5% meadows and pastures: 13% forest and woodland: 40% other: 24%
Irrigated land: 30 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: hurricanes (June to October); La Soufriere is anactive volcanointernational agreements: NA
@Guadeloupe:People
Population: 402,815 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 26% (female 51,069; male 52,922)15-64 years: 66% (female 134,328; male 130,875)65 years and over: 8% (female 19,318; male 14,303) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.24% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 18.15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 8.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.2 years male: 74.16 years female: 80.38 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Guadeloupian(s) adjective: Guadeloupe
Ethnic divisions: black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian,Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%
Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5%
Languages: French, creole patois
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982)total population: 90%male: 90%female: 90%
Labor force: 120,000by occupation: services, government, and commerce 53.0%, industry25.8%, agriculture 21.2%
@Guadeloupe:Government
Names:conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupeconventional short form: Guadeloupelocal long form: Departement de la Guadeloupelocal short form: Guadeloupe
Digraph: GP
Type: overseas department of France
Capital: Basse-Terre
Administrative divisions: none (overseas department of France)
Independence: none (overseas department of France)
National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)
Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Legal system: French legal system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)head of government: Prefect Franck PERRIEZ (since NA 1992); Presidentof the General Council Dominique LARIFLA (since NA); President of theRegional Council Lucette MICHAUX-CHEVRY (since 22 March 1992)cabinet: Council of Ministers
Legislative branch: unicameral General Council and unicameral RegionalCouncilGeneral Council: elections last held NA March 1992 (next to be held byNA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (43 total)FRUI.G 13, RPR/DUD 13, PPDG 8, FGPS 3, PCG 3, UPLG 1, PSG 1,independent 1Regional Council: elections last held on 31 January 1993 (next to beheld by 16 March 1998); results - RPR/DUD 48.30%, FGPS 17.09%, FRUI.G7.44%, PPDG 8.90%, UPLG 7.75% PCG 6.05%; seats - (41 total) seats byparty NAFrench Senate: elections last held in September 1986 (next to be heldSeptember 1995); Guadeloupe elects two representatives; results -percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) PCG 1, FGPS 1French National Assembly: elections last held on 21 and 28 March 1993(next to be held March 1998); Guadeloupe elects four representatives;results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (4 total) FGPS 1, RPR1, PPDG 1, independent 1
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) with jurisdiction overGuadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique
Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR), AldoBLAISE; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Christian Medard CELESTE;Socialist Party (FGPS), Georges LOUISOR; Popular Union for theLiberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG), Lucien PERATIN; FGPS Dissidents(FRUI.G); Union for French Democracy (UDF), Simon BARLAGNE;Progressive Democratic Party (PPDG), Henri BANGOU
Other political or pressure groups: Popular Union for the Liberationof Guadeloupe (UPLG); Movement for Independent Guadeloupe (MPGI);General Union of Guadeloupe Workers (UGTG); General Federation ofGuadeloupe Workers (CGT-G); Christian Movement for the Liberation ofGuadeloupe (KLPG)
Member of: FZ, WCL, WFTU
Diplomatic representation in US: none (overseas department of France)
US diplomatic representation: none (overseas department of France)
Flag: the flag of France is used
@Guadeloupe:Economy
Overview: The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It is also dependent upon France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US. In addition, an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditionally important sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, which comes mainly from France. Light industry consists mostly of sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $9,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (1990)
Unemployment rate: 31.3% (1990)
Budget:revenues: $400 millionexpenditures: $671 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1989)
Exports: $130 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: bananas, sugar, rum partners: France 70%, Martinique 17% (1991)
Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials partners: France 60%, EC, US, Japan (1991)
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: capacity: 320,000 kW production: 650 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,421 kWh (1993)
Industries: construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism
Agriculture: cash crops - bananas, sugarcane; other products include tropical fruits and vegetables; livestock - cattle, pigs, goats; not self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $4 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $8.235 billion
Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Guadeloupe:Transportation
Railroads: total: NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines
Highways: total: 1,940 km paved: 1,600 km unpaved: gravel, earth 340 km
Ports: Basse-Terre, Gustavia, Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 9with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2with paved runways under 914 m: 6
@Guadeloupe:Communications
Telephone system: 57,300 telephones; domestic facilities inadequatelocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; interislandmicrowave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 8 (private stations licensed to broadcastFM 30), shortwave 0radios: NA
Television: broadcast stations: 9 televisions: NA
@Guadeloupe:Defense Forces
Branches: French Forces, Gendarmerie
Note: defense is responsibility of France
________________________________________________________________________
(territory of the US)
@Guam:Geography
Location: Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Map references: Oceania
Area:total area: 541.3 sq kmland area: 541.3 sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than three times the size ofWashington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km