Total fertility rate: 2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Sri Lankan(s) adjective: Sri Lankan
Ethnic divisions: Sinhalese 74%, Tamil 18%, Moor 7%, Burgher, Malay, and Vedda 1%
Religions: Buddhist 69%, Hindu 15%, Christian 8%, Muslim 8%
Languages: Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil(national language) 18%note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken by about10% of the population
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 88%male: 93%female: 84%
Labor force: 6.6 million by occupation: agriculture 45.9%, mining and manufacturing 13.3%, trade and transport 12.4%, services and other 28.4% (1985 est.)
@Sri Lanka:Government
Names:conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lankaconventional short form: Sri Lankaformer: Ceylon
Digraph: CE
Type: republic
Capital: Colombo
Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Central, North Central, NorthEastern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western
Independence: 4 February 1948 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence and National Day, 4 February (1948)
Constitution: adopted 16 August 1978
Legal system: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: President ChandrikaBandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - SirimavoBANDARANAIKE is the Prime Minister; in Sri Lanka the president isconsidered to be both the chief of state and the head of thegovernment, this is in contrast to the more common practice ofdividing the roles between the president and the prime minister whenboth offices exist; election last held 9 November 1994 (next to beheld NA November 2000); results - Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA(People's Alliance) 62%, Srima DISSANAYAKE (United National Party)37%, other 1%cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president in consultation with theprime minister
Legislative branch: unicameralParliament: elections last held 16 August 1994 (next to be held byAugust 2000); results - PA 49.0%, UNP 44.0%, SLMC 1.8%, TULF 1.7%,SLPF 1.1%, EPDP 0.3%, UPF 0.3%, PLOTE 0.1%, other 1.7%; seats - (225total) PA 105, UNP 94, EPDP 9, SLMC 7, TULF 5, PLOTE 3, SLPF 1, UPF 1
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), C. G.Kumar PONNAMBALAM; Ceylon Workers Congress (CLDC), S. THONDAMAN;Communist Party, K. P. SILVA; Communist Party/Beijing (CP/B), N.SHANMUGATHASAN; Democratic People's Liberation Front (DPLF), leaderNA; Democratic United National Front (DUNF), G. M. PREMACHANDRA; EelamPeople's Democratic Party (EPDP), Douglas DEVANANDA; Eelam People'sRevolutionary Liberation Front (EPRL), Suresh PREMACHANDRAN; EelamRevolutionary Organization of Students (EROS), Shankar RAJI; LankaSocialist Party/Trotskyite (LSSP, or Lanka Sama Samaja Party), ColinR. DE SILVA; Liberal Party (LP), Chanaka AMARATUNGA; New SocialistParty (NSSP, or Nava Sama Samaja Party), Vasudeva NANAYAKKARA;People's Alliance (PA), Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA; People'sLiberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), DharmalingamSIDARTHAN; People's United Front (MEP, or Mahajana Eksath Peramuna),Dinesh GUNAWARDENE; Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), SirimavoBANDARANAIKE; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC), M. H. M. ASHRAFF; SriLanka People's Party (SLMP, or Sri Lanka Mahajana Party), OssieABEYGUNASEKERA; Sri Lanka Progressive Front (SLPF), leader NA; TamilEelam Liberation Organization (TELO), leader NA; Tamil UnitedLiberation Front (TULF), M. SIVASITHAMBARAM; United National Party(UNP), Ranil WICKREMANSINGHE; Upcountry People's Front (UPF), leaderNA; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in eitherparliament or provincial councilsnote: the United Socialist Alliance (USA), which was formed in 1987and included the NSSP, LSSP, SLMP, CP/M, and CP/B, was defunct as of1993, following the formation of the People's Alliance Party (PA)
Other political or pressure groups: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam(LTTE) and other smaller Tamil separatist groups; other radicalchauvinist Sinhalese groups; Buddhist clergy; Sinhalese Buddhist laygroups; labor unions
Member of: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, PCA, SAARC, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jayantha DHANAPALA chancery: 2148 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4025 through 4028 FAX: [1] (202) 232-7181 consulate(s): New York
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Teresita C. SCHAFFER embassy: 210 Galle Road, Colombo 3 mailing address: P. O. Box 106, Colombo telephone: [94] (1) 448007 FAX: [94] (1) 437345
Flag: yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border that goes around the entire flag and extends between the two panels
@Sri Lanka:Economy
Overview: Industry - dominated by the fast-growing apparel industry - has surpassed agriculture as the main source of export earnings and accounts for over 16% of GDP. The economy has been plagued by high rates of unemployment since the late 1970s. Economic growth, which has been depressed by ethnic unrest, accelerated in 1991-94 as domestic conditions began to improve and conditions for foreign investment brightened. Currently, however, the new government's emphasis on populist measures has clouded Sri Lanka's economic prospects.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $57.6 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $3,190 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: 13.6% (1993 est.)
Budget:revenues: $2.3 billionexpenditures: $3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.5billion (1993)
Exports: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: garments and textiles, teas, diamonds, other gems, petroleum products, rubber products, other agricultural products, marine products, graphite partners: US 35.2%, Germany, UK, Belgium-Luxembourg, Japan, Netherlands, France (1993)
Imports: $4 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: textiles and textile materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, petroleum, building materials partners: Japan, India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China (1993)
External debt: $7.2 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 9% (1993 est.); accounts for 16% ofGDP
Electricity: capacity: 1,410,000 kW production: 3.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 168 kWh (1993)
Industries: processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco
Agriculture: accounts for one-fourth of GDP; field crops - rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseeds, roots, spices; cash crops - tea, rubber, coconuts; animal products - milk, eggs, hides, meat; not self-sufficient in rice production
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1980-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $169 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $369 million
Currency: 1 Sri Lankan rupee (SLRe) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Sri Lankan rupees (SLRes) per US$1 - 50.115 (January 1995), 49.415 (1994), 48.322 (1993), 43.830 (1992), 41.372 (1991), 40.063 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Sri Lanka:Transportation
Railroads: total: 1,948 km broad gauge: 1,948 km 1.868-m gauge (102 km double track) (1990)
Highways:total: 75,263 kmpaved: mostly bituminous treated 27,637 kmunpaved: crushed stone, gravel 32,887 km; improved, unimproved earth14,739 km
Inland waterways: 430 km; navigable by shallow-draft craft
Pipelines: crude oil and petroleum products 62 km (1987)
Ports: Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee
Merchant marine:total: 26 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 289,115 GRT/453,609 DWTships by type: bulk 2, cargo 12, container 1, oil tanker 3,refrigerated cargo 8
Airports:total: 14with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1
@Sri Lanka:Communications
Telephone system: 114,000 telephones (1982); very inadequate domesticservice, good international servicelocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: submarine cables extend to Indonesia and Djibouti; 2INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth stations
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 5televisions: NA
@Sri Lanka:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 4,990,661; males fit for military service 3,888,372; males reach military age (18) annually 178,926 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $412 million, 3.6% ofGDP (1994)
________________________________________________________________________
@Sudan:Geography
Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt andEritrea
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 2,505,810 sq kmland area: 2.376 million sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US
Land boundaries: total 7,687 km, Central African Republic 1,165 km,Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km,Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km
Coastline: 853 km
Maritime claims:contiguous zone: 18 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; administrative boundary with Egypt does not coincide with international boundary creating the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high
Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)
Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Natural resources: small reserves of petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold
Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 24% forest and woodland: 20% other: 51%
Irrigated land: 18,900 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlifepopulations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion;desertificationnatural hazards: dust stormsinternational agreements: party to - Climate Change, EndangeredSpecies, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection;signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification
Note: largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and itstributaries
@Sudan:People
Population: 30,120,420 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 46% (female 6,801,001; male 7,124,892)15-64 years: 52% (female 7,706,864; male 7,830,980)65 years and over: 2% (female 280,297; male 376,386) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.35% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 41.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: the flow of refugees from the civil war in Sudan into neighboring countries continues, often at the rate of tens of thousands annually; Uganda was the main recipient of Sudanese refugees in the past year; repatriation of Eritrean and Ethiopean refugees in Sudan continues
Infant mortality rate: 77.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 54.71 years male: 53.81 years female: 55.65 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese
Ethnic divisions: black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other1%
Religions: Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%,Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
Languages: Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects ofNilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, Englishnote: program of Arabization in process
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1983)total population: 32%male: 44%female: 21%
Labor force: 6.5 millionby occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government6%note: labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment(1983 est.)
@Sudan:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of the Sudanconventional short form: Sudanlocal long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudanlocal short form: As-Sudanformer: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Digraph: SU
Type: ruling military junta - Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) - dissolved on 16 October 1993 and government civilianized
Capital: Khartoum
Administrative divisions: 9 states (wilayat, singular - wilayat or wilayah*); A'ali an Nil, Al Wusta*, Al Istiwa'iyah*, Al Khartum, Ash Shamaliyah*, Ash Sharqiyah*, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan note: on 14 February 1994, the 9 states comprising Sudan were divided into 26 new states; the new state boundary alignments are undetermined
Independence: 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Constitution: 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989
Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; the council is still studying criminal provisions under Islamic law; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: none
Executive branch:Chief of State and Head of Government: President Lt. General UmarHasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); prior to 16 October1993, BASHIR served concurrently as Chief of State, Chairman of theRCC, Prime Minister, and Minister of Defence (since 30 June 1989);First Vice President Major General al-Zubayr Muhammad SALIH (since 19October 1993); Second Vice President (Police) Maj. General GeorgeKONGOR (since NA February 1994); note - upon its dissolution on 16October 1993, the RCC's executive and legislative powers were devolvedto the President and the Transitional National Assembly (TNA), Sudan'sappointed legislative bodycabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; note - on 30 October1993, President BASHIR announced a new, predominantly civiliancabinet, consisting of 20 federal ministers, most of whom retainedtheir previous cabinet positions; on 9 February 1995, he abolishedthree ministries and redivided their portfolios to create several newministries; these changes increased National Islamic Front presence atthe ministerial level and consolidated its control over the Ministryof Foreign Affairs; President BASHIR's government is dominated bymembers of Sudan's National Islamic Front, a fundamentalist politicalorganization formed from the Muslim Brotherhood in 1986; front leaderHasan al-TURABI controls Khartoum's overall domestic and foreignpolicies
Legislative branch: appointed 300-member Transitional NationalAssembly; officially assumes all legislative authority for Sudan untilthe proposed 1995 resumption of national elections
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Special Revolutionary Courts
Political parties and leaders: none; banned following 30 June 1989coup
Other political or pressure groups: National Islamic Front, Hasanal-TURABI
Member of: ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO,G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF,IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ahmad SULAYMAN chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 338-8565 through 8570 FAX: [1] (202) 667-2406
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Donald K. PETTERSON embassy: Shar'ia Ali Abdul Latif, Khartoum mailing address: P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829 telephone: 74700, 74611 (operator assistance required) FAX: Telex 22619 AMEMSD
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
@Sudan:Economy
Overview: Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. Governmental entities account for more than 70% of new investment. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. Agriculture employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. After Sudan backtracked on promised reforms in 1992-93, the IMF threatened to expel Sudan from the Fund. To avoid expulsion, Khartoum agreed to make payments on its arrears to the Fund, liberalize exchange rates, and reduce subsidies. These measures have been partially implemented. The government's continued prosecution of the civil war and its growing international isolation led to a further deterioration of the nonagricultural sectors of the economy during 1994. Agriculture, on the other hand, after several disappointing years, enjoyed a bumper fall harvest in 1994; its strong performance produced an overall growth rate in GDP of perhaps 7%.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $23.7 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 7% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $870 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 112% (FY93/94 est.)
Unemployment rate: 30% (FY92/93 est.)
Budget:revenues: $493 millionexpenditures: $1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $225million (1994 est.)
Exports: $419 million (f.o.b., FY93/94)commodities: gum arabic 29%, livestock/meat 24%, cotton 13%, sesame,peanutspartners: Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern Europe 9%,Japan 9%, US 3% (FY87/88)
Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., FY93/94)commodities: foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured goods,machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals, textilespartners: Western Europe 32%, Africa and Asia 15%, US 13%, EasternEurope 3% (FY87/88)
External debt: $17 billion (June 1993 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 6.8% (FY92/93 est.); accounts for 11% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 500,000 kW production: 1.3 billion kWh consumption per capita: 42 kWh (1993)
Industries: cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining
Agriculture: accounts for 35% of GDP; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in most foods
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.5 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.1 billion;Communist countries (1970-89), $588 million
Currency: 1 Sudanese pound (#Sd) = 100 piastres
Exchange rates: official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 434.8 (January 1995), 277.8 (1994), 153.8 (1993), 69.4 (1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (1990); note - the commercial rate is 300 Sudanese pounds per US$1
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
@Sudan:Transportation
Railroads:total: 5,516 kmnarrow gauge: 4,800 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantationline
Highways:total: 20,703 kmpaved: bituminous treated 2,000 kmunpaved: gravel 4,000 km; improved earth 2,304 km; unimproved earth12,399 km
Inland waterways: 5,310 km navigable
Pipelines: refined products 815 km
Ports: Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin
Merchant marine:total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 43,024 GRT/122,379 DWTships by type: cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2
Airports:total: 70with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3with paved runways under 914 m: 13with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 14with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 33
@Sudan:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephones; large, well-equipped system byAfrican standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modernstandardslocal: NAintercity: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiocommunications, troposcatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14stationsinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 0, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 3televisions: NA
@Sudan:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 6,806,588; males fit for military service 4,185,206; males reach military age (18) annually 313,958 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $600 million, 7.3% ofGDP (FY93/94 est.)
________________________________________________________________________
@Suriname:Geography
Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana
Map references: South America
Area:total area: 163,270 sq kmland area: 161,470 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than Georgia
Land boundaries: total 1,707 km, Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km,Guyana 600 km
Coastline: 386 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: claims area in French Guiana between LitaniRivier and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa Rivier);claims area in Guyana between New (Upper Courantyne) andCourantyne/Koetari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne)
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds
Terrain: mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Natural resources: timber, hydropower potential, fish, shrimp, bauxite, iron ore, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, gold
Land use: arable land: NEGL% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 97% other: 3%
Irrigated land: 590 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: deforestation as foreign producers obtain timberconcessionsnatural hazards: NAinternational agreements: party to - Endangered Species, MarineDumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but notratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
Note: mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna which for the most part is not threatened because of the lack of development; relatively small population most of which lives along the coast
@Suriname:People
Population: 429,544 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 34% (female 70,845; male 74,330)15-64 years: 61% (female 130,153; male 133,693)65 years and over: 5% (female 10,897; male 9,626) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.58% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 24.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.91 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 30.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.76 years male: 67.24 years female: 72.41 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.73 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Surinamer(s) adjective: Surinamese
Ethnic divisions: Hindustani (also known locally as "East" Indians; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed European and African ancestry) 31%, Javanese 15.3%, "Bush Black" (also known as "Bush Creole" whose ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves) 10.3%, Amerindian 2.6%, Chinese 1.7%, Europeans 1%, other 1.1%
Religions: Hindu 27.4%, Muslim 19.6%, Roman Catholic 22.8%, Protestant25.2% (predominantly Moravian), indigenous beliefs 5%
Languages: Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creolesand much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others),Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 95%male: 95%female: 95%
Labor force: NA
@Suriname:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Surinameconventional short form: Surinamelocal long form: Republiek Surinamelocal short form: Surinameformer: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana
Digraph: NS
Type: republic
Capital: Paramaribo
Administrative divisions: 10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica
Independence: 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 November (1975)
Constitution: ratified 30 September 1987
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: President Ronald R. VENETIAAN(since 16 September 1991); Prime Minister Jules R. AJODHIA (since 16September 1991); election last held 6 September 1991 (next to be heldNA May 1996); results - elected by the National Assembly - RonaldVENETIAAN (NF) 80% (645 votes), Jules WIJDENBOSCH (NDP) 14% (115votes), Hans PRADE (DA '91) 6% (49 votes)cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president from membersof the National Assemblynote: Commander in Chief of the National Army maintains significantpower
Legislative branch: unicameralNational Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 25 May1991 (next to be held NA May 1996); results - percent of vote by partyNA; seats - (51 total) NF 30, NDP 10, DA '91 9, independents 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: The New Front (NF), a coalition of fourparties (NPS, VHP, KTPI, SPA), leader Ronald R. VENETIAAN; ProgressiveReform Party (VHP), Jaggernath LACHMON; National Party of Suriname(NPS), Ronald VENETIAAN; Party of National Unity and Solidarity(KTPI), Willy SOEMITA; Suriname Labor Party (SPA), Fred DERBY;Democratic Alternative '91 (DA '91), Winston JESSURUN, a coalition offour parties (AF, HPP, Pendawa Lima, BEP) formed in January 1991;Alternative Forum (AF), Gerard BRUNINGS, Winston JESSURUN; ReformedProgressive Party (HPP), Panalal PARMESSAR; Party for Brotherhood andUnity in Politics (BEP), Caprino ALLENDY; Pendawa Lima, Marsha JAMIN;National Democratic Party (NDP), Desire BOUTERSE; Progressive Workers'and Farm Laborers' Union (PALU), Ir Iwan KROLIS, chairman;
Other political or pressure groups: Surinamese Liberation Army (SLA),Ronnie BRUNSWIJK, Johan "Castro" WALLY; Union for Liberation andDemocracy, Kofi AFONGPONG; Mandela Bushnegro Liberation Movement,Leendert ADAMS; Tucayana Amazonica, Alex JUBITANA, Thomas SABAJO
Member of: ACP, CARICOM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO,ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT(nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA,UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Willem A. UDENHOUT chancery: Suite 108, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-7488, 7490 through 7492 FAX: [1] (202) 244-5878 consulate(s) general: Miami
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Roger R. GAMBLE embassy: Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo mailing address: P. O. Box 1821, Paramaribo telephone: [597] 472900, 477881, 476459 FAX: [597] 410025
Flag: five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band
@Suriname:Economy
Overview: The economy is dominated by the bauxite industry, which accounts for 15% of GDP and about 70% of export earnings. Paramaribo has failed to initiate the economic reforms necessary to stabilize the economy or win renewed Dutch aid disbursements. The government continues to finance deficit spending with monetary emissions. As a result, high inflation, high unemployment, widespread black market activity, and hard currency shortfalls continue to mark the economy.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: -0.8% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $2,800 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 225% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA
Budget:revenues: $300 millionexpenditures: $700 million, including capital expenditures of $70million (1994 est.)
Exports: $443.3 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: alumina, aluminum, shrimp and fish, rice, bananaspartners: Norway 33%, Netherlands 26%, US 13%, Japan 6%, Brazil 6%, UK3% (1992)
Imports: $520.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton,consumer goodspartners: US 42%, Netherlands 22%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, Brazil 5%(1992)
External debt: $180 million (March 1993 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 3.5% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 420,000 kW production: 1.4 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,123 kWh (1993)
Industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing, fishing
Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GDP and 25% of export earnings; paddy rice planted on 85% of arable land and represents 60% of total farm output; other products - bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts, beef, chicken; shrimp and forestry products of increasing importance; self-sufficient in most foods
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American drugs destinedfor the US and Europe
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $2.5 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $1.5 billion
Currency: 1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (Sf.) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins (Sf.) per US$1 - 1.7850 (fixed rate); parallel rate 510 (December 1994), 109 (January 1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Suriname:Transportation
Railroads:total: 166 km (single track)standard gauge: 80 km 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 86 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways:total: 8,800 kmpaved: 500 kmunpaved: bauxite, gravel, crushed stone 5,400 km; improved andunimproved earth 2,900 km
Inland waterways: 1,200 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways
Ports: Albina, Moengo, Nieuw Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam, Wageningen
Merchant marine:total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,421 GRT/2,990 DWTships by type: cargo 1, container 1
Airports:total: 46with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 38with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7
@Suriname:Communications
Telephone system: 27,500 telephones; international facilities goodlocal: NAintercity: microwave radio relay networkinternational: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 14, shortwave 1radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 6televisions: NA
@Suriname:Defense Forces
Branches: National Army (includes small Navy and Air Force elements),Civil Police
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 116,456; males fit for militaryservice 69,011 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
________________________________________________________________________
(territory of Norway)
@Svalbard:Geography
Location: Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, BarentsSea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references: Arctic Region
Area:total area: 62,049 sq kmland area: 62,049 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginianote: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 3,587 km
Maritime claims:exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but notrecognized by Russiaterritorial sea: 4 nm
International disputes: focus of maritime boundary dispute in theBarents Sea between Norway and Russia
Climate: arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Terrain: wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Natural resources: coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife,fish
Land use:arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures: 0%forest and woodland: 0%other: 100% (no trees and the only bushes are crowberry andcloudberry)
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (atransit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally makeparts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime trafficinternational agreements: NA
Note: northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of ninemain islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area
@Svalbard:People
Population: 2,914 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate: -3.5% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: NA births/1,000 population
Death rate: NA deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Total fertility rate: NA children born/woman
Ethnic divisions: Russian 64%, Norwegian 35%, other 1% (1981)
Languages: Russian, Norwegian
Labor force: NA
@Svalbard:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Svalbard
Digraph: SV
Type: territory of Norway administered by the Ministry of Industry,Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen,Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given toNorway
Capital: Longyearbyen
Independence: none (territory of Norway)
National holiday: NA
Legal system: NA
Executive branch:Chief of State: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)Head of Government: Governor Odd BLOMDAL (since NA); AssistantGovernor Jan-Atle HANSEN (since NA September 1993)
Member of: none
Flag: the flag of Norway is used
@Svalbard:Economy
Overview: Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. By treaty (9 February 1920), the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Budget:revenues: $13.3 millionexpenditures: $13.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1990 est.)
Electricity:capacity: 21,000 kWproduction: 45 million kWhconsumption per capita: 13,860 kWh (1992)
Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990)
@Svalbard:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA
Ports: Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 4with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 3
@Svalbard:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephones; local telephone servicelocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: satellite communication with Norwegian mainland
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1 (repeaters 2), shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: NA
Note: there are 5 meteorological/radio stations
@Svalbard:Defense Forces
Note: demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)
________________________________________________________________________
@Swaziland:Geography
Location: Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 17,360 sq kmland area: 17,200 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries: total 535 km, Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom
Climate: varies from tropical to near temperate
Terrain: mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Natural resources: asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower,forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Land use:arable land: 10.9%permanent crops: 0.2%meadows and pastures: 62.2%forest and woodland: 6.9%other: 19.8%
Irrigated land: 640 sq km (1993 est.)
Environment:current issues: limited access to potable water; wildlife populationsbeing depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soildegradation; soil erosionnatural hazards: NAinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Lawof the Sea
Note: landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
@Swaziland:People
Population: 966,977 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 46% (female 222,544; male 221,003)15-64 years: 52% (female 261,973; male 238,726)65 years and over: 2% (female 13,291; male 9,440) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.23% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 43.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 10.8 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 90.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.84 years male: 52.83 years female: 60.96 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.1 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi
Ethnic divisions: African 97%, European 3%
Religions: Christian 60%, indigenous beliefs 40%
Languages: English (official; government business conducted inEnglish), siSwati (official)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1986)total population: 67%male: 70%female: 65%
Labor force: NAby occupation: private sector about 65%, public sector 35%
@Swaziland:Government
Names:conventional long form: Kingdom of Swazilandconventional short form: Swaziland
Digraph: WZ
Type: monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth
Capital: Mbabane (administrative); Lobamba (legislative)
Administrative divisions: 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini,Shiselweni
Independence: 6 September 1968 (from UK)
National holiday: Somhlolo (Independence) Day, 6 September (1968)
Constitution: none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, buthas not been formally presented to the people
Legal system: based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: none
Executive branch:chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)head of government: Prime Minister Prince Jameson Mbilini DLAMINI(since 12 November 1993)cabinet: Cabinet; designated by the monarch
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament is advisory Senate: consists of 30 members (10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the king) House of Assembly: elections last held NA October 1993 (next to be held NA); results - NA; seats - (65 total, 55 directly elected, 10 appointed by the king) - balloting held on a non-party basis
Judicial branch: High Court, Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders:note: political parties are banned by the Constitution promulgated on13 October 1978; illegal parties are prohibited from holding largepublic gatheringsillegal parties: Peoples' United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), KilsonSHONOWE; Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYCO), Benedict TSABEDZE;Swaziland Communist Party (SWACOPA), Mphandlana SHONGWE
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,NAM, OAU, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO,WMO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Madzandza Mary KHANYA chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683, 6685 FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador John T. SPROTT embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane telephone: [268] 46441 through 46445 FAX: [268] 45959
Flag: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
@Swaziland:Economy
Overview: The economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which occupies more than 60% of the population and contributes nearly 25% to GDP. Manufacturing, which includes a number of agroprocessing factories, accounts for another quarter of GDP. Mining has declined in importance in recent years; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978, and health concerns cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of sugar and forestry products are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa, from which it receives 90% of its imports and to which it sends about half of its exports. Remittances from Swazi workers in South African mines may supplement domestically produced income by as much as 20%.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $3,490 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.3% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: 15% (1992 est.)
Budget:revenues: $342 millionexpenditures: $410 million, including capital expenditures of $130million (1994 est.)
Exports: $632 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: sugar, edible concentrates, wood pulp, cotton yarn,asbestospartners: South Africa 50% (est.), EC countries, Canada
Imports: $734 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, petroleumproducts, foodstuffs, chemicalspartners: South Africa 90% (est.), Switzerland, UK
External debt: $240 million (1992)
Industrial production: growth rate 4.2% (1993 est.)
Electricity: capacity: 120,000 kW production: 410 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,003 kWh (1993)
Industries: mining (coal and asbestos), wood pulp, sugar
Agriculture: accounts for over 60% of labor force; mostly subsistence agriculture; cash crops - sugarcane, cotton, maize, tobacco, rice, citrus fruit, pineapples; other crops and livestock - corn, sorghum, peanuts, cattle, goats, sheep; not self-sufficient in grain
Economic aid:recipient: bilateral aid (1991) $35 million of which US disbursements$12 million, UK disbursements $6 million, and Denmark $2 million;multilateral aid (1991) $24 million of which EC disbursements $8million
Currency: 1 lilangeni (E) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: emalangeni (E) per US$1 -3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990); note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Swaziland:Transportation
Railroads:total: 297 km; note - includes 71 km which are not in usenarrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge (single track)
Highways:total: 2,853 kmpaved: 510 kmunpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 1,230 km; improvedearth 1,113 km
Ports: none
Airports:total: 18with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 9with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8
@Swaziland:Communications
Telephone system: 17,000 telephones; telephone density is only 17.6telephones/1,000 personslocal: NAintercity: system consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines andlow-capacity radio relay microwave linksinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 6, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 10televisions: NA
@Swaziland:Defense Forces
Branches: Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal SwazilandPolice Force
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 212,239; males fit for militaryservice 122,782 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $22 million, NA% ofGDP (FY93/94)
________________________________________________________________________
@Sweden:Geography
Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 449,964 sq kmland area: 410,928 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than California
Land boundaries: total 2,205 km, Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
Coastline: 3,218 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlinesterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Terrain: mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Natural resources: zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower potential
Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 64% other: 27%
Irrigated land: 1,120 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of theNorth Sea and the Baltic Seanatural hazards: ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially inthe Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime trafficinternational agreements: party to - Air Pollution, AirPollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, AirPollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, EndangeredSpecies, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - AirPollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea
Note: strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and NorthSeas
@Sweden:People
Population: 8,821,759 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 19% (female 810,859; male 854,553)15-64 years: 64% (female 2,761,060; male 2,856,012)65 years and over: 17% (female 887,597; male 651,678) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.46% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 13.19 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 10.84 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 2.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.43 years male: 75.64 years female: 81.39 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.97 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Swede(s) adjective: Swedish
Ethnic divisions: white, Lapp (Sami), foreign born or first-generationimmigrants 12% (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks)
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 94%, Roman Catholic 1.5%, Pentecostal1%, other 3.5% (1987)
Languages: Swedishnote: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speaknative languages
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)total population: 99%
Labor force: 4.552 million (84% unionized,1992) by occupation: community, social and personal services 38.3%, mining and manufacturing 21.2%, commerce, hotels, and restaurants 14.1%, banking, insurance 9.0%, communications 7.2%, construction 7.0%, agriculture, fishing, and forestry 3.2% (1991)