Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: boundaries with neighbors territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled; long section with Congo along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)
Climate: tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October
Terrain: vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east
Natural resources: cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower potential
Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 4% forest and woodland: 78% other: 15%
Irrigated land: 100 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: poaching threatens wildlife populations; waterpollution; deforestation; 1.2 million Rwandan refugees are responsiblefor significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching ineastern Zairenatural hazards: periodic droughts in south; volcanic activityinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed,but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification
Note: straddles Equator; very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands
@Zaire:People
Population: 44,060,636 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 48% (female 10,522,368; male 10,527,451)15-64 years: 50% (female 11,211,353; male 10,630,118)65 years and over: 2% (female 647,307; male 522,039) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.18% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 48.33 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 16.57 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: in 1994, more than one million refugees fled into Zaire to escape the fighting between the Hutus and the Tutsis in Rwanda and Burundi; a small number of these are returning to their homes in 1995 despite fear of the ongoing violence; additionally, Zaire is host to 105,000 Angolan, more than 250,000 Burundian and 100,000 Sudanese refugees; repatriation of Angolan refugees was suspended in May 1994 because of the recurrence of fighting in Angola; if present peace accords hold, repatriation of Angolans may recommence
Infant mortality rate: 108.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.54 years male: 45.68 years female: 49.46 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:noun: Zairian(s)adjective: Zairian
Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority areBantu; four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and theMangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population
Religions: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim10%, other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs 10%
Languages: French, Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 72%male: 84%female: 61%
Labor force: 15 million (25% of the labor force comprises wageearners)by occupation: agriculture 75%, industry 13%, services 12% (1985)
@Zaire:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Zaireconventional short form: Zairelocal long form: Republique du Zairelocal short form: Zaireformer: Belgian Congo Congo/Leopoldville Congo/Kinshasa
Digraph: CG
Type: republic with a strong presidential system
Capital: Kinshasa
Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions, singular - region) and1 town* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Zaire, Equateur, Haut-Zaire,Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu,Shaba, Sud-Kivu
Independence: 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Regime (Second Republic), 24November (1965)
Constitution: 24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February1978; amended April 1990; new transitional constitution promulgated inApril 1994
Legal system: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; hasnot accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:chief of state: President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa ZaBanga (since 24 November 1965) election last held 29 July 1984 (nextto be held by 9 July 1995); results - President MOBUTU was reelectedwithout oppositionhead of government: Prime Minister Leon KENGO wa Dondo (since 14 June1994)cabinet: National Executive Council; appointed by mutual agreement ofthe president and the prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral parliament: a single body consisting of the High Council of the Republic and the Parliament of the Transition with membership equally divided between presidential supporters and opponents
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders: sole legal party until January 1991 -Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR); other parties include Unionfor Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), Etienne TSHISEKEDI waMulumba; Democratic Social Christian Party (PDSC); Union ofFederalists and Independent Republicans (UFERI); Unified LumumbastParty (PALU), Antoine GIZENGA; Union of Independent Democrats (UDI),Leon KENGO wa Dondo
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-24,G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador TATANENE Manatachancery: 1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 234-7690, 7691
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires John M. YATES embassy: 310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa mailing address: Unit 31550, Kinshasha; APO AE 09828 telephone: [243] (12) 21532, 21628 FAX: [243] (12) 21534 ext. 2308, 21535 ext. 2308; (88) 43805, 43467
Flag: light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
@Zaire:Economy
Overview: Zaire's economy has continued to disintegrate although Prime Minister KENGO has had some success in slowing the rate of economic decline. While meaningful economic figures are difficult to come by, Zaire's hyperinflation, chronic large government deficits, and plunging mineral production have made the country one of the world's poorest. Most formal transactions are conducted in hard currency as indigenous bank notes have lost almost all value, and a barter economy now flourishes in all but the largest cities. Most individuals and families hang on grimly through subsistence farming and petty trade. The government has not been able to meet its financial obligations to the International Monetary Fund or put in place the financial measures advocated by the IMF. Although short-term prospects for improvement are dim, improved political stability would boost Zaire's long-term potential to effectively exploit its vast wealth of mineral and agricultural resources.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $18.8 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $440 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 40% per month (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports: $362 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: copper, coffee, diamonds, cobalt, crude oil partners: US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, South Africa
Imports: $356 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels partners: South Africa, US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK
External debt: $9.2 billion (May 1992 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate -20% (1993); accounts for 16% ofGDP
Electricity: capacity: 2,830,000 kW production: 6.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 133 kWh (1993)
Industries: mining, mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, diamonds
Agriculture: cash crops - coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; foodcrops - cassava, bananas, root crops, corn
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domesticconsumption
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.1 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $6.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $263 millionnote: except for humanitarian aid to private organizations, no USassistance has been given to Zaire since 1992
Currency: 1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta
Exchange rates: new zaires (Z) per US$1 - 3,275.71 (December 1994),1,194.12 (1994), 2.51 (1993); zaire (Z) per US$1 - 645,549 (1992),15,587 (1991), 719 (1990)note: on 22 October 1993 the new zaire, equal to 3,000,000 old zaires,was introduced
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Zaire:Transportation
Railroads:total: 5,138 km; note - severely reduced trackage in use because ofcivil strifenarrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge
Highways: total: 146,500 km paved: 2,800 km unpaved: gravel, improved earth 46,200 km; unimproved earth 97,500 km
Inland waterways: 15,000 km including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes
Pipelines: petroleum products 390 km
Ports: Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa,Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 270with paved runways over 3,047 m: 4with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2with paved runways under 914 m: 97with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 22with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 127
@Zaire:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephoneslocal: NAintercity: NA barely adequate wire and microwave service in andbetween urban areas; 14 domestic earth stationsinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 4, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 18televisions: NA
@Zaire:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, paramilitaryCivil Guard, Special Presidential Division
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 9,479,245; males fit formilitary service 4,828,367 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $46 million, 1.5% ofGDP (1990)
________________________________________________________________________
@Zambia:Geography
Location: Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 752,610 sq kmland area: 740,720 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries: total 5,664 km, Angola 1,110 km, Malawi 837 km,Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zaire 1,930 km,Zimbabwe 797 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, andZimbabwe is in disagreement; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in LakeTanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that theindefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled
Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October toApril)
Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower potential
Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 47% forest and woodland: 27% other: 19%
Irrigated land: 320 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineralextraction and refining region; poaching seriously threatensrhinoceros and elephant populations; deforestation; soil erosion;desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents humanhealth risksnatural hazards: tropical storms (November to April)international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified -Desertification
Note: landlocked
@Zambia:People
Population: 9,445,723 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 50% (female 2,331,820; male 2,363,319)15-64 years: 48% (female 2,332,798; male 2,193,363)65 years and over: 2% (female 112,484; male 111,939) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.7% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 45.47 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 18.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 86 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 42.88 years male: 42.74 years female: 43.03 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Zambian(s) adjective: Zambian
Ethnic divisions: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Religions: Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenousbeliefs 1%
Languages: English (official)note: about 70 indigenous languages
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 73%male: 81%female: 65%
Labor force: 3.4 million by occupation: agriculture 85%, mining, manufacturing, and construction 6%, transport and services 9%
@Zambia:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Zambiaconventional short form: Zambiaformer: Northern Rhodesia
Digraph: ZA
Type: republic
Capital: Lusaka
Administrative divisions: 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern,Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Independence: 24 October 1964 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Constitution: 2 August 1991
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: President Frederick CHILUBA(since 31 October 1991); Vice President General Godfrey MIYANDA (sinceNA August 1994; he replaced Levy MWANAWASA who was elected 31 October1991 and resigned in NA August 1994) election last held 31 October1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Frederick CHILUBA 84%,Kenneth KAUNDA 16%cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from members of theNational Assembly
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total) MMD 125, UNIP 25; note - the MMD's majority was weakened by the defection of 13 of its parliamentary members during 1993 and the defeat of its candidates in 4 of the resulting by-elections
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Movement for Multiparty Democracy(MMD), Frederick CHILUBA; United National Independence Party (UNIP),Kebby MUSOKATWANE; National Party (NP), Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA;
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT,INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Dunstan Weston KAMANAchancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
US diplomatic representation:chief of mission: Ambassador Roland K. KUCHELembassy: corner of Independence Avenue and United Nations Avenue,Lusakamailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusakatelephone: [260] (1) 228595, 228601, 228602, 228603FAX: [260] (1) 261538
Flag: green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
@Zambia:Economy
Overview: Prior to 1993 the economy had been in decline for more than a decade with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties stemmed largely from a chronically depressed level of copper production and weak copper prices, generally ineffective economic policies, and high inflation. An annual population growth of 3% brought a decline in per capita GDP of 50% over the decade. However, economic reforms enacted since 1992 have helped reduce inflation, have begun to strengthen the social safety net, and have been accompanied by GDP growth at an estimated 6.8% in 1993 and 4% in 1994. The huge external debt remains a key problem.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.9 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $860 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 89% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $665 millionexpenditures: $767 million, including capital expenditures of $300million (1991 est.)
Exports: $1.01 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobaccopartners: EC countries, Japan, South Africa, US, India
Imports: $1.13 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)commodities: machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs, fuels,manufacturespartners: EC countries, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, US
External debt: $7.3 billion (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate -1% (1992); accounts for 42% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 2,440,000 kW production: 7.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 650 kWh (1993)
Industries: copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer
Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops - corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs
Illicit drugs: increasingly a regional transshipment center formethaqualone and heroin
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million
Currency: 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee
Exchange rates: Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 672.8 (September 1994), 434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Zambia:Transportation
Railroads:total: 1,273 kmnarrow gauge: 1,273 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)note: not a part of Zambia Railways is the Tanzania-Zambia RailwayAuthority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gaugetrack between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi where it connectsto the Zambia Railways system; 891 km of the TAZARA line transitZambia
Highways:total: 36,370 kmpaved: 6,500 kmunpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 7,000 km; improved,unimproved earth 22,870 km
Inland waterways: 2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers, LakeTanganyika
Pipelines: crude oil 1,724 km
Ports: Mpulungu
Airports:total: 113with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4with paved runways under 914 m: 39with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 57
@Zambia:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephones; facilities are among the best inSub-Saharan Africalocal: NAintercity: high capacity micrwave radio relay connects most largertowns and citiesinternational: 2 INTELSAT earth stations (1 Indian Ocean and 1Atlantic Ocean)
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 9televisions: NA
@Zambia:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Air Force, Police
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,953,967; males fit formilitary service 1,028,113 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $45 million, 1.4% ofGDP (1994)
________________________________________________________________________
@Zimbabwe:Geography
Location: Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 390,580 sq kmland area: 386,670 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than Montana
Land boundaries: total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km,South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambiais in disagreement
Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November toMarch)
Terrain: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld);mountains in east
Natural resources: coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper,iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Land use:arable land: 7.25%permanent crops: 0.25% (coffee is a permanent crop)meadows and pastures: 12.5%forest and woodland: 49%other: 31%
Irrigated land: 2,250 sq km (1993 est.)
Environment:current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air andwater pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largestconcentration of the species in the world - has been significantlyreduced by poachingnatural hazards: recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification
Note: landlocked
@Zimbabwe:People
Population: 11,139,961 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 47% (female 2,588,193; male 2,617,485)15-64 years: 51% (female 2,915,697; male 2,723,511)65 years and over: 2% (female 151,635; male 143,440) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.78% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 36.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 18.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: following the settlement of hostilities in Mozambique in 1992, refugees from the fighting there began to return to their homes; this process continues at a lesser rate in 1995; there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment
Infant mortality rate: 72.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 41.35 years male: 39.73 years female: 43.01 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Zimbabwean(s) adjective: Zimbabwean
Ethnic divisions: African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%),white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%
Religions: syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%,Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
Languages: English (official), Shona, Sindebele
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982)total population: 78%male: 84%female: 72%
Labor force: 3.1 million by occupation: agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining, manufacturing, construction 10% (1987)
@Zimbabwe:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabweconventional short form: Zimbabweformer: Southern Rhodesia
Digraph: ZI
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Harare
Administrative divisions: 8 provinces; Manicaland, MashonalandCentral, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria),Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands
Independence: 18 April 1980 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Constitution: 21 December 1979
Legal system: mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: Executive President RobertGabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President SimonVengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M.NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (nextto be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE21.7%cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible toParliament
Legislative branch: unicameralParliament: elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NAMarch 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Zimbabwe African NationalUnion-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe AfricanNational Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe UnityMovement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE;Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, AbelMUZOREWA
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT,INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN,UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL,WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZIchancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny CARSON embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare telephone: [263] (4) 794521 FAX: [263] (4) 796488
Flag: seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle
@Zimbabwe:Economy
Overview: Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.4 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $1,580 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (December 1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: at least 45% (1994 est.)
Budget:revenues: $1.7 billionexpenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253million (FY92/93)
Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992) partners: UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991)
Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991) partners: South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)
External debt: $3.5 billion (December 1992 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% ofGDP
Electricity: capacity: 2,040,000 kW production: 9 billion kWh consumption per capita: 913 kWh (1993)
Industries: mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products
Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food
Economic aid: NA
Currency: 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.3752 (January 1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
@Zimbabwe:Transportation
Railroads:total: 2,745 kmnarrow gauge: 2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km doubletrack)
Highways:total: 85,237 kmpaved: 15,800 kmunpaved: crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improvedearth 23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km
Inland waterways: Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication
Pipelines: petroleum products 212 km
Ports: Binga, Kariba
Airports:total: 471with paved runways over 3,047 m: 3with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 13with paved runways under 914 m: 222with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 223
@Zimbabwe:Communications
Telephone system: 247,000 telephones; system was once one of the bestin Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenancelocal: NAintercity: consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunications stationsinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 8televisions: NA
@Zimbabwe:Defense Forces
Branches: Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, ZimbabweRepublic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit formilitary service 1,514,068 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $175 million, 3.1% ofGDP (FY94/95)
________________________________________________________________________
Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups
Note: Not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations.
ABEDA — Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ACC — Arab Cooperation Council
ACCT — Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation
ACP — African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries
AfDB — African Development Bank
AFESD — Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
AG — Andean Group
AL — Arab League
ALADI — Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see LatinAmerican Integration Association (LAIA)
AMF — Arab Monetary Fund
AMU — Arab Maghreb Union
ANZUS — Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty
APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
AsDB — Asian Development Bank
ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BAD — Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African DevelopmentBank (AfDB)
BADEA — Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; seeArab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
BCIE — Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; seeCentral American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
BDEAC — Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
Benelux — Benelux Economic Union
BID — Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-AmericanDevelopment Bank (IADB)
BIS — Bank for International Settlements
BOAD — Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West AfricanDevelopment Bank (WADB)
BSEC — Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C — Commonwealth
CACM — Central American Common Market
CAEU — Council of Arab Economic Unity
CARICOM — Caribbean Community and Common Market
CBSS — Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC — Customs Cooperation Council
CDB — Caribbean Development Bank
CE — Council of Europe
CEAO — Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see WestAfrican Economic Community (CEAO)
CEEAC — Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
CEI — Central European Initiative
CEMA — Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEAor Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991
CEPGL — Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; seeEconomic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
CERN — Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see EuropeanOrganization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
CG — Contadora Group
CIS — Commonwealth of Independent States
CMEA — Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991
COCOM — Coordinating Committee on Export Controls
Comecon — Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991
CP — Colombo Plan
CSCE — Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
DC — developed country
EADB — East African Development Bank
EBRD — European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC — European Community; see European Union (EU)
ECA — Economic Commission for Africa
ECAFE — Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; seeEconomic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
ECE — Economic Commission for Europe
ECLA — Economic Commission for Latin America; see EconomicCommission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
ECLAC — Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECO — Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC — Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS — Economic Community of West African States
ECSC — European Coal and Steel Community
ECWA — Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic andSocial Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
EEC — European Economic Community
EFTA — European Free Trade Association
EIB — European Investment Bank
Entente — Council of the Entente
ESA — European Space Agency
ESCAP — Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA — Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
EU — European Union
Euratom — European Atomic Energy Community
FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization
FLS — Front Line States
FZ — Franc Zone
G-2 — Group of 2
G-3 — Group of 3
G-5 — Group of 5
G-6 — Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)
G-7 — Group of 7
G-8 — Group of 8
G-9 — Group of 9
G-10 — Group of 10
G-11 — Group of 11
G-15 — Group of 15
G-19 — Group of 19
G-24 — Group of 24
G-30 — Group of 30
G-33 — Group of 33
G-77 — Group of 77
GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCC — Gulf Cooperation Council
Habitat — Commission on Human Settlements
IADB — Inter-American Development Bank
IAEA — International Atomic Energy Agency
IBEC — International Bank for Economic Cooperation
IBRD — International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAO — International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC — International Chamber of Commerce
ICEM — Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; seeInternational Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICFTU — International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ICJ — International Court of Justice
ICM — Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; seeInternational Organization for Migration (IOM)
ICRC — International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRM — International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
IDA — International Development Association
IDB — Islamic Development Bank
IEA — International Energy Agency
IFAD — International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC — International Finance Corporation
IFCTU — International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
IFRCS — International Federation of Red Cross and Red CrescentSocieties
IGADD — Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
IIB — International Investment Bank
ILO — International Labor Organization
IMCO — Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; seeInternational Maritime Organization (IMO)
IMF — International Monetary Fund
IMO — International Maritime Organization
INMARSAT — International Maritime Satellite Organization
INTELSAT — International Telecommunications SatelliteOrganization
INTERPOL — International Criminal Police Organization
IOC — International Olympic Committee
IOM — International Organization for Migration
ISO — International Organization for Standardization
ITU — International Telecommunication Union
LAES — Latin American Economic System
LAIA — Latin American Integration Association
LAS — League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)
LDC — less developed country
LLDC — least developed country
LORCS — League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
MERCOSUR — Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone CommonMarket
MINURSO — United Nations Mission for the Referendum in WesternSahara
MTCR — Missile Technology Control Regime
NACC — North Atlantic Cooperation Council
NAM — Nonaligned Movement
NATO — North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC — Nordic Council
NEA — Nuclear Energy Agency
NIB — Nordic Investment Bank
NIC — newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing economy (NIE)
NIE — newly industrializing economy
NSG — Nuclear Suppliers Group
OAPEC — Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS — Organization of American States
OAU — Organization of African Unity
OECD — Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS — Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OIC — Organization of the Islamic Conference
ONUMOZ — see UNOMOZ
ONUSAL — United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador
OPANAL — Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
OPEC — Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE — Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe
PCA — Permanent Court of Arbitration
PFP — Partnership for Peace
RG — Rio Group
SAARC — South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SACU — Southern African Customs Union
SADC — Southern African Development Community
SADCC — Southern African Development Coordination Conference
SELA — Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin AmericanEconomic System (LAES)
SPARTECA — South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic CooperationAgreement
SPC — South Pacific Commission
SPF — South Pacific Forum
UDEAC — Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; seeCentral African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
UN — United Nations
UNAVEM II — United Nations Angola Verification Mission
UNAMIR — United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UNCTAD — United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDOF — United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP — United Nations Development Program
UNEP — United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO — United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganization
UNFICYP — United Nations Force in Cyprus
UNFPA — United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UNPopulation Fund (UNFPA)
UNHCR — United Nations Office of the High Commissioner forRefugees
UNICEF — United Nations Children's Fund
UNIDO — United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL — United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNIKOM — United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission
UNITAR — United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNMIH — United Nations Mission in Haiti
UNMOGIP — United Nations Military Observer Group in India andPakistan
UNOMIG — United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOMIL — United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia
UNOMOZ — United Nations Operation in Mozambique
UNOMUR — United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (ONUMOZ)
UNOSOM — United Nations Operation in Somalia
UNPROFOR — United Nations Protection Force
UNRISD — United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNRWA — United Nations Relief and Works Agency for PalestineRefugees in the Near East
UNTAC — United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
UNTSO — United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNU — United Nations University
UPU — Universal Postal Union
USSR/EE — USSR/Eastern Europe
WADB — West African Development Bank
WCL — World Confederation of Labor
WEU — Western European Union
WFC — World Food Council
WFP — World Food Program
WFTU — World Federation of Trade Unions
WHO — World Health Organization
WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO — World Meteorological Organization
WP — Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance)
WTO — see WToO
WToO — World Tourism Organization
WTrO — World Trade Organization (will be added in The WorldFactbook 1996)
ZC — Zangger Committee
________________________________________________________________________
International Organizations and Groups
Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken.
advanced developing countries
another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)
address — Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
telephone — [32] (2) 733 96 00
established — 1 April 1976
aim — to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU
members — (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire,Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho,Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome andPrincipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia,Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad andTobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe
African Development Bank (AfDB)
note — also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)
address — 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire
telephone — [225] 20 44 44
established — 4 August 1963
aim — to promote economic and social development
regional members — (51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina,Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, SaoTome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
nonregional members — (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan,South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia
Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)
see — Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)
Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)