Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands; dry season fromJune to September
Terrain: hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, someplains
Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt,copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium
Land use: arable land: 43% permanent crops: 8% meadows and pastures: 35% forest and woodland: 2% other: 12%
Irrigated land: 720 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and theexpansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (littleforested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees forfuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populationsnatural hazards: flooding, landslidesinternational agreements: party to - Endangered Species; signed, butnot ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law ofthe Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
@Burundi:People
Population: 6,262,429 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 48% (female 1,489,721; male 1,494,730)15-64 years: 50% (female 1,606,307; male 1,498,021)65 years and over: 2% (female 105,446; male 68,204) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.18% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 43.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 21.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: in a number of waves since April 1994, hundreds of thousands of refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi and crossed into Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire; the refugee flows are continuing in 1995 as the ethnic violence has persisted
Infant mortality rate: 111.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 39.86 years male: 37.84 years female: 41.95 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.63 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:noun: Burundian(s)adjective: Burundi
Ethnic divisions:Africans: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%non-Africans: Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Religions: Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%),indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%
Languages: Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along LakeTanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 50%male: 61%female: 40%
Labor force: 1.9 million (1983 est.) by occupation: agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5%
@Burundi:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Burundiconventional short form: Burundilocal long form: Republika y'u Burundilocal short form: Burundi
Digraph: BY
Type: republic
Capital: Bujumbura
Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi,Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba,Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgianadministration)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Constitution: 13 March 1992; provides for establishment of a pluralpolitical system
Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and customarylaw; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
Executive branch:chief of state: President Sylvestre NTIBANTUNGANYA (since September1994)note: President Melchior NDADAYE, Burundi's first democraticallyelected president, died in the military coup of 21 October 1993 andwas succeeded on 5 February 1994 by President Cyprien NTARYAMIRA, whowas killed in a mysterious airplane explosion on 6 April 1994head of government: Prime Minister Antoine NDUWAYO (since February1995); selected by President NTIBANTUNGANYA following the resignationof Anatole KANYENKIKO on 15 February 1995cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 29 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - FRODEBU 71%, UPRONA 21.4%; seats - (81 total) FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16; other parties won too small shares of the vote to win seats in the assembly note: The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February 1991
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders: Unity for National Progress (UPRONA);Burundi Democratic Front (FRODEBU); Organization of the People ofBurundi (RBP); Socialist Party of Burundi (PSB); People'sReconciliation Party (PRP); opposition parties, legalized in March1992, include Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation (ABASA);Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development (RADDES); andParty for National Redress (PARENA)
Other political or pressure groups: NA;
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT,IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT(nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAU,UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: post vacant since recall of Ambassador Jacques BACAMURWANKO in November 1994 chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Robert C. KRUEGER embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] (2) 23454 FAX: [257] (2) 22926
Flag: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
@Burundi:Economy
Overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi since October 1993 has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence that has displaced an estimated million people, disrupted production, and set back needed reform programs. Burundi is predominately agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports, attract foreign investment in industry, and modernize government budgetary practices. Although the government remains committed to reforms, it fears new austerity measures would add to ethnic tensions.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: -13.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $600 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $318 millionexpenditures: $326 million, including capital expenditures of $150million (1991 est.)
Exports: $68 million (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: coffee 81%, tea, cotton, hides, and skinspartners: EC 57%, US 19%, Asia 1%
Imports: $203 million (c.i.f., 1993)commodities: capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs,consumer goodspartners: EC 45%, Asia 29%, US 2%
External debt: $1.05 billion (1994 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 11% (1991 est.); accounts for about 15% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 55,000 kW production: 100 million kWh consumption per capita: 20 kWh (1993)
Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Agriculture: accounts for 50% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cotton,tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc;livestock - meat, milk, hides and skins
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $10.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million
Currency: 1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 248.51 (December 1994), 252.66 (1994), 242.78 (1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Burundi:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways:total: 5,900 kmpaved: 640 kmunpaved: gravel, crushed stone 2,260 km; improved, unimproved earth3,000 km (1990)
Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika
Ports: Bujumbura
Airports:total: 4with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 1with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2
@Burundi:Communications
Telephone system: 8,000 telephones; primative system; telephonedensity - 1.3 telephones/1,000 personslocal: NAintercity: sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, andlow-capacity microwave radio relay linksinternational: 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: NA
@Burundi:Defense Forces
Branches: Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitaryGendarmerie
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,350,042; males fit formilitary service 705,864; males reach military age (16) annually73,308 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $25 million, 2.6% ofGDP (1993)
________________________________________________________________________
@Cambodia:Geography
Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, betweenThailand and Vietnam
Map references: Southeast Asia
Area:total area: 181,040 sq kmland area: 176,520 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Land boundaries: total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam1,228 km
Coastline: 443 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season(December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
Land use: arable land: 16% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 76% other: 4%
Irrigated land: 920 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: logging activities throughout the country and stripmining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailandare resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (inparticular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens naturalfisheries); deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority ofthe population does not have access to potable waternatural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding;occasional droughtsinternational agreements: party to - Marine Life Conservation, ShipPollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River andTonle Sap
@Cambodia:People
Population: 10,561,373 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 46% (female 2,367,414; male 2,438,104)15-64 years: 51% (female 2,932,788; male 2,494,203)65 years and over: 3% (female 185,337; male 143,527) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.83% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 44.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 16.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 109.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 49.46 years male: 48 years female: 51 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian
Ethnic divisions: Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Religions: Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%
Languages: Khmer (official), French
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 35%male: 48%female: 22%
Labor force: 2.5 million to 3 millionby occupation: agriculture 80% (1988 est.)
@Cambodia:Government
Names:conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodiaconventional short form: Cambodialocal long form: Reacheanachak Kampuchealocal short form: Kampuchea
Digraph: CB
Type: multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993
Capital: Phnom Penh
Administrative divisions: 21 provinces (khet, singular and plural);Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, KampongSpoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri,Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri,Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Sihanoukville, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng,Takevnote: Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey may have been divided into two provincesnamed Siemreab and Otdar Meanchey
Independence: 9 November 1949 (from France)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 November 1949
Constitution: promulgated September 1993
Legal system: currently being defined
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)head of government: power shared between First Prime Minister PrinceNorodom RANARIDDH and Second Prime Minister HUN SENcabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly
Legislative branch: unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province was established following the UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the constitution
Judicial branch: Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law
Political parties and leaders: National United Front for anIndependent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC),Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or CambodianPeople's Party (CPP), CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, SONSANN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge), KHIEUSAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH
Member of: ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM,IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user),INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATHrepresents Cambodia at the United Nations
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Charles H. TWINING embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 26436, 26438 FAX: [855] (23) 26437
Flag: horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center
@Cambodia:Economy
Overview: The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has been strong in 1991-94. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. Inflation for 1994 as a whole was less than a quarter of the 1992 rate and was declining during the year.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $630 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 26%-30% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $190 millionexpenditures: $365 million, including capital expenditures of $120million (1994 est.)
Exports: $283.6 million (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: timber, rubber, soybeans, sesamepartners: Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia
Imports: $479.3 million (c.i.f., 1993)commodities: cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products,machinerypartners: Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia
External debt: $383 million to OECD members (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate 7.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 160 million kWh consumption per capita: 14 kWh (1993)
Industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining
Agriculture: mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour
Illicit drugs: increasingly used as a transshipment country for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing money-laundering center; high-level narcotics-related corruption in government; possible small-scale heroin production; large producer of cannibis
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million;Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communistcountries (1970-89), $1.8 billion; donor countries and multilateralinstitutions pledged $880 million in assistance in 1992; IMF pledged$120 million in aid for 1995-98
Currency: 1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen
Exchange rates: riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Cambodia:Transportation
Railroads: total: 655 km narrow gauge: 655 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways:total: 34,100 km (some roads in serious disrepair)paved: bituminous 3,000 kmunpaved: crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth 3,100 km; unimprovedearth 28,000 km
Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters
Ports: Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, PhnomPenh
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 22with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3with paved runways under 914 m: 2with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 10
@Cambodia:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephones; service barely adequate forgovernment requirements and virtually nonexistent for general publiclocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: international service limited to Vietnam and otheradjacent countries
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: NA
@Cambodia:Defense Forces
Branches:Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF): created in 1993 by the merger of theCambodian People's Armed Forces and the two non-Communist resistancearmies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian ArmedForces (RCAF)Resistance forces: National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 2,255,050; males fit formilitary service 1,256,632; males reach military age (18) annually70,707 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% ofGDP (1995 est.)
________________________________________________________________________
@Cameroon:Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, betweenEquatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 475,440 sq kmland area: 469,440 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than California
Land boundaries: total 4,591 km, Central African Republic 797 km, Chad1,094 km, Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km,Nigeria 1,690 km
Coastline: 402 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 50 nm
International disputes: demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice
Climate: varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiaridand hot in north
Terrain: diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateauin center, mountains in west, plains in north
Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropowerpotential
Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 54% other: 13%
Irrigated land: 280 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation;overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishingnatural hazards: recent volcanic activity with release of poisonousgasesinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, TropicalTimber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Nuclear TestBan, Tropical Timber 94
Note: sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa
@Cameroon:People
Population: 13.521 million (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 44% (female 2,978,216; male 3,001,487)15-64 years: 52% (female 3,562,247; male 3,523,100)65 years and over: 4% (female 248,314; male 207,636) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.92% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 40.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 11.19 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 75.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 57.48 years male: 55.41 years female: 59.6 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.8 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian
Ethnic divisions: Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%,Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%,other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Religions: indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 33%, Muslim 16%
Languages: 24 major African language groups, English (official),French (official)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1987)total population: 55%male: 66%female: 45%
Labor force: NAby occupation: agriculture 74.4%, industry and transport 11.4%, otherservices 14.2% (1983)
@Cameroon:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Cameroonconventional short form: Cameroonformer: French Cameroon
Digraph: CM
Type: unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990)
Capital: Yaounde
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est,Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Independence: 1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under Frenchadministration)
National holiday: National Day, 20 May (1972)
Constitution: 20 May 1972
Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982); electionlast held 11 October 1992; results - President Paul BIYA reelectedwith about 40% of the vote amid widespread allegations of fraud; SDFcandidate John FRU NDI got 36% of the vote; UNDP candidate Bello BoubaMAIGARI got 19% of the votehead of government: Prime Minister Simon ACHIDI ACHU (since 9 April1992)cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president
Legislative branch: unicameralNational Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 1 March1992 (next scheduled for March 1997); results - (180 seats) CPDM 88,UNDP 68, UPC 18, MDR 6
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Cameroon People's Democratic Movement(CPDM), Paul BIYA, president, is government-controlled and wasformerly the only party, but opposition parties were legalized in 1990
major opposition parties: National Union for Democracy and Progress(UNDP); Social Democratic Front (SDF); Cameroonian Democratic Union(UDC); Union of Cameroonian Populations (UPC); Movement for theDefense of the Republic (MDR)
Other political or pressure groups: Alliance for Change (FAC),Cameroon Anglophone Movement (CAM)
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19,G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC,IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM,OAU, OIC, PCA, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 through 8794
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet W. ISOM embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: B. P. 817, Yaounde telephone: [237] 23-40-14 FAX: [237] 23-07-53 consulate(s): none (Douala closed September 1993)
Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
@Cameroon:Economy
Overview: Because of its offshore oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed, most diversified primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as political instability, a top-heavy civil service, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. The development of the oil sector led rapid economic growth between 1970 and 1985. Growth came to an abrupt halt in 1986, precipitated by steep declines in the prices of major exports: coffee, cocoa, and petroleum. Export earnings were cut by almost one-third, and inefficiencies in fiscal management were exposed. In 1990-93, with support from the IMF and World Bank, the government began to introduce reforms designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, and recapitalize the nation's banks. Political instability, following suspect elections in 1992, brought IMF/WB structural adjustment to a halt. Although the 50% devaluation of the currency in January 1994 improved the potential for export growth, mismanagement remains and is the main barrier to economic improvement.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.7 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: -2.9% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $1,200 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.8% (FY91/92)
Unemployment rate: 25% (1990 est.)
Budget:revenues: $1.6 billionexpenditures: $2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $226million (FY92/93 est.)
Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum,coffee, cottonpartners: EC (particularly France) about 40%, African countries, US
Imports: $1.96 billion (c.i.f., 1993)commodities: machines and electrical equipment, food, consumer goods,transport equipmentpartners: EC about 60% (France 38%, Germany 9%), African countries,Japan, US 5%
External debt: $6 billion (1991)
Industrial production: growth rate -2.1% (FY90/91); accounts for about 20% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 630,000 kW production: 2.7 billion kWh consumption per capita: 196 kWh (1993)
Industries: petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber
Agriculture: the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of the population, contributing about 25% to GDP and providing a high degree of self-sufficiency in staple foods; commercial and food crops include coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock, root starches
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $479 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-90), $4.75 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $29 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $125 million
Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1- 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992),282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since1948
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
@Cameroon:Transportation
Railroads: total: 1,111 km narrow gauge: 1,111 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways: total: 65,000 km paved: 2,682 km unpaved: gravel, improved earth 32,318 km; unimproved earth 30,000 km
Inland waterways: 2,090 km; of decreasing importance
Ports: Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko
Merchant marine:total: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509DWT
Airports:total: 60with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 20with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 9with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21
@Cameroon:Communications
Telephone system: 26,000 telephones; telephone density - 2telephones/1,000 persons; available only to business and governmentlocal: NAintercity: cable, microwave radio relay, and troposcatterinternational: 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 11, FM 11, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: NA
@Cameroon:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force, NationalGendarmerie, Presidential Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,038,007; males fit formilitary service 1,532,303; males reach military age (18) annually147,293 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $102 million, NA% ofGDP (1994)
________________________________________________________________________
@Canada:Geography
Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US
Map references: North America
Area:total area: 9,976,140 sq kmland area: 9,220,970 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than US
Land boundaries: total 8,893 km, US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km withAlaska)
Coastline: 243,791 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginexclusive fishing zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: maritime boundary disputes with the US; SaintPierre and Miquelon is focus of maritime boundary dispute betweenCanada and France
Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic innorth
Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands insoutheast
Natural resources: nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum,potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas
Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 35% other: 57%
Irrigated land: 8,400 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain severelyaffecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burningutilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forestproductivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural,industrial, mining, and forestry activitiesnatural hazards: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacleto development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, aresult of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, andAmerican interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snowinternational agreements: party to - Air Pollution, AirPollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands;signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, AirPollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
Note: second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated in the region near the US/Canada border
@Canada:People
Population: 28,434,545 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 21% (female 2,874,705; male 3,016,050)15-64 years: 67% (female 9,529,272; male 9,531,107)65 years and over: 12% (female 2,022,324; male 1,461,087) (July 1995est.)
Population growth rate: 1.09% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 13.74 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 7.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 4.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.29 years male: 74.93 years female: 81.81 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.83 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian
Ethnic divisions: British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, otherEuropean 20%, indigenous Indian and Eskimo 1.5%
Religions: Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10%, other28%
Languages: English (official), French (official)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1986) total population: 97%
Labor force: 13.38 million by occupation: services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4% (1988)
@Canada:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Canada
Digraph: CA
Type: confederation with parliamentary democracy
Capital: Ottawa
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta,British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, NorthwestTerritories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec,Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*
Independence: 1 July 1867 (from UK)
National holiday: Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
Constitution: amended British North America Act 1867 patriated toCanada 17 April 1982; charter of rights and unwritten customs
Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November1993) was elected on 25 October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; DeputyPrime Minister Sheila COPPScabinet: Federal Ministry; chosen by the prime minister from membersof his own party sitting in Parliament
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlement) Senate (Senat): consisting of a body whose members are appointed to serve until 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit 104 senators House of Commons (Chambre des Communes): elections last held 25 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1998); results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - (295 total) Liberal Party 178, Bloc Quebecois 54, Reform Party 52, New Democratic Party 8, Progressive Conservative Party 2, independents 1
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; BlocQuebecois, Lucien BOUCHARD; Reform Party, Preston MANNING; NewDemocratic Party, Audrey McLAUGHLIN; Progressive Conservative Party,Jean CHAREST
Member of: ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group,BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperatingstate), FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM(guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR,UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMOZ,UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Raymond A.J. CHRETIENchancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas,Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattleconsulate(s): Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,Princeton, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, and San Juan (PuertoRico)
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador James Johnston BLANCHARD embassy: 100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430 telephone: [1] (613) 238-5335, 4470 FAX: [1] (613) 238-5720 consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver
Flag: three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band
@Canada:Economy
Overview: As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production. Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. In the 1980s, Canada registered one of the highest rates of real growth among the OECD nations, averaging about 3.2%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic prospects, although the country still faces high unemployment and a growing debt. Moreover, the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas has observers discussing a possible split in the confederation; foreign investors have become edgy.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $639.8 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994)
National product per capita: $22,760 (1994)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.2% (1994)
Unemployment rate: 9.6% (December 1994)
Budget:revenues: $85 billion (Federal)expenditures: $115.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY93/94 est.)
Exports: $164.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)commodities: newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery,natural gas, aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunicationsequipmentpartners: US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China
Imports: $151.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)commodities: crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durableconsumer goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment andpartspartners: US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea
External debt: $243 billion (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate 4.8% (1993)
Electricity: capacity: 108,090,000 kW production: 511 billion kWh consumption per capita: 16,133 kWh (1993)
Industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas
Agriculture: accounts for about 3% of GDP; one of the world's major producers and exporters of grain (wheat and barley); key source of US agricultural imports; large forest resources cover 35% of total land area; commercial fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is exported
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market
Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $7.2 billion
Currency: 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.4129 (January 1995), 1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Canada:Transportation
Railroads:total: 78,148 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freightrailway systems: Canadian National (government owned) and CanadianPacific Railway; passenger service provided by VIA (governmentoperated)standard gauge: 78,148 km 1.435-m gauge (185 km electrified) (1994)
Highways:total: 849,404 kmpaved: 253,692 km (15,983 km of expressways)unpaved: gravel 595,712 km (1991)
Inland waterways: 3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway
Pipelines: crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km
Ports: Becancour, Churchill, Halifax, Montreal, New Westminister,Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's(Newfoundland), Seven Islands, Sydney, Three Rivers, Toronto,Vancouver, Windsor
Merchant marine:total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 617,010 GRT/878,819 DWTships by type: bulk 17, cargo 10, chemical tanker 5, oil tanker 23,passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-offcargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes
Airports:total: 1,386with paved runways over 3,047 m: 17with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 147with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 234with paved runways under 914 m: 550with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 69with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 353
@Canada:Communications
Telephone system: 18,000,000 telephones; excellent service provided bymodern medialocal: NAintercity: about 300 earth stations for domestic satellitecommunicationsinternational: 5 coaxial submarine cables; 5 INTELSAT earth stations(4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 900, FM 29, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 53 (repeaters 1,400)televisions: NA
@Canada:Defense Forces
Branches: Canadian Armed Forces (includes Land Forces Command or LC,Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command orCC, Training Command or TC), Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 7,570,877; males fit formilitary service 6,522,092; males reach military age (17) annually151,590 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion, 1.6% ofGDP (FY95/96)
________________________________________________________________________
@Cape Verde:Geography
Location: Western Africa, group of Islands in the North AtlanticOcean, west of Senegal
Map references: World
Area:total area: 4,030 sq kmland area: 4,030 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than Rhode Island
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 965 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: temperate; warm, dry, summer; precipitation very erratic
Terrain: steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish
Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 0% other: 85%
Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such asthe cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion;demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation;desertification; environmental damage has threatened severalindigenous species of birds and reptiles; overfishingnatural hazards: prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscurevisibility; volcanically and seismically activeinternational agreements: party to - Environmental Modification, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification
Note: strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
@Cape Verde:People
Population: 435,983 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 50% (female 106,539; male 110,301)15-64 years: 47% (female 114,931; male 88,029)65 years and over: 3% (female 9,781; male 6,402) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.98% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 45.32 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 8.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -6.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 55.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.01 years male: 61.1 years female: 65.01 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.23 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean
Ethnic divisions: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Religions: Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs
Languages: Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West Africanwords
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population: 63%male: 75%female: 53%
Labor force: 102,000 (1985 est.) by occupation: agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%, industry 14% (1981)
@Cape Verde:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verdeconventional short form: Cape Verdelocal long form: Republica de Cabo Verdelocal short form: Cabo Verde
Digraph: CV
Type: republic
Capital: Praia
Administrative divisions: 14 districts (concelhos, singular -concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo,Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, SaoVicente, Tarrafal
Independence: 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Constitution: new constitution came into force 25 September 1992
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Antonio MASCARENHAS Monteiro (since 22 March1991; election last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February1996); results - Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (independent) received72.6% of votehead of government: Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de CarvalhoVEIGA (since 13 January 1991)cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister frommembers of the Assembly
Legislative branch: unicameral People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular): elections last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23; note - the 1991 multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule
Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal deJustia)
Political parties and leaders: Movement for Democracy (MPD), PrimeMinister Carlos VEIGA, founder and chairman; African Party forIndependence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES,chairman
Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN (Cape Verde assumed a nonpermanentseat on the Security Council on 1 January 1992), UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jose Eduardo BARBOSA (since 12 February 1994) chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph M. SEGARS embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16 FAX: [238] 61 13 55
Flag: three horozontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horozontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
@Cape Verde:Economy
Overview: Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 60% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, agriculture's share of GDP is only 20%; the fishing sector accounts for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by remittances from emigrants and foreign aid, which form important supplements to GDP. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 1995 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $410 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: 3.5% (1992 est.)
National product per capita: $1,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1992)
Unemployment rate: 26% (1990 est.)
Budget:revenues: $174 millionexpenditures: $235 million, including capital expenditures of $165million (1993 est.)
Exports: $4.4 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)commodities: fish, bananas, hides and skinspartners: Netherlands, Portugal, Angola