Inflation rate (consumer prices): western: 2% (1995 est.) eastern: 2% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 36.75 million by occupation: industry 41%, agriculture 6%, other 53% (1987)
Unemployment rate: western: 8.7% (December 1995) eastern: 14.9% (December 1995)
Budget:revenues: $690 billionexpenditures: $780 billion, including capital expenditures of $96.5billion (1994)
Industries:western: among world's largest and technologically advancedproducers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery,vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverageseastern: metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding,machine building, food and beverages, textiles, petroleum refining
Industrial production growth rate: western: 2.8% (1994) eastern: NA%
Electricity: capacity: 115,430,000 kW production: 493 billion kWh consumption per capita: 5,683 kWh (1993)
Agriculture:western: potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage;cattle, pigs, poultryeastern: wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit; pork,beef, chicken, milk, hides
Illicit drugs: source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine for West European markets
Exports: $437 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: manufactures 89.3% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.5%, raw materials 2.7%, fuels 1.3% (1993) partners: EC 47.9% (France 11.7%, Netherlands 7.4%, Italy 7.5%, UK 7.7%, Belgium-Luxembourg 6.6%), EFTA 15.5%, US 7.7%, Eastern Europe 5.2%, OPEC 3.0% (1993)
Imports: $362 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: manufactures 75.1%, agricultural products 10.0%, fuels 8.3%, raw materials 5.0% (1993) partners: EC 46.4% (France 11.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Italy 8.1%, UK 6.0%, Belgium-Luxembourg 5.7%), EFTA 14.3%, US 7.3%, Japan 6.3%, Eastern Europe 5.1%, OPEC 2.6% (1993)
External debt: $NA
Economic aid: donor: ODA, $6.954 billion (1993)
Currency: 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Exchange rates: deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.4617 (January 1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation ———————
Railways:total: 43,966 kmstandard gauge: 43,531 km 1.435-m; 40,355 km are owned by DeutscheBahn AG (DB); 17,015 km of the DB system are electrified and 16,941km are double- or more-trackednarrow gauge: 389 km 1.000-m gauge (DB operates 146 km of 1.000-mgauge); 7 km 0.900-m gauge; 39 km 0.750-m gaugenote: in addition to the DB system there are 54 privately-ownedindustrial or excursion railways, ranging in route length from 2 kmto 632 km, with a total length of 3,465 km (1995)
Highways:total: 636,282 kmpaved: 531,018 km (including 10,955 km of expressways)unpaved: 105,264 km (1991 est.)
Waterways:western: 5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhineand Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the BalticSea and North Seaeastern: 2,319 km (1988)
Pipelines: crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km;natural gas 97,564 km (1988)
Ports: Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden,Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Lubeck, Magdeburg,Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart
Merchant marine:total: 452 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,054,327GRT/6,367,036 DWTships by type: bulk 6, cargo 193, chemical tanker 15, combinationbulk 4, combination ore/oil 5, container 166, liquefied gas tanker12, multifunction large-load carrier 6, oil tanker 11, passenger 3,railcar carrier 3, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 14,short-sea passenger 7 (1995 est.)
Airports:total: 617with paved runways over 3 047 m: 13with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 65with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 67with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 51with paved runways under 914 m: 351with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 2with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 6with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 7with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 55 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 55 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 44 million
Telephone system: Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country is being rapidly modernized and integrated with that of the western part domestic: the region which was formerly West Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available and includes roaming service to many foreign countries; since the reunification of Germany, the telephone system of the eastern region has been upgraded and enjoys many of the advantages of the national system international: satellite earth stations - 14 Intelsat (12 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), 2 Intersputnik (1 Atlantic Ocean region and 1 Indian Ocean region); 6 submarine cable connections; 2 HF radiotelephone communication centers; tropospheric scatter links
Radio broadcast stations: western: AM 80, FM 470, shortwave 0 eastern: AM 23, FM 17, shortwave 0
Radios: 70 million (1991 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 246 (repeaters 6,000); note - there are 15 Russian repeaters in eastern Germany
Televisions: 44.8 million (1992 est.)
Defense ———-
Branches: Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm), Air Force, BorderPolice, Coast Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49: 21,540,919 males fit for military service: 18,537,347 males reach military age (18) annually: 449,292 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $42.8 billion, 1.5% of GDP (1995)
======================================================================
@Ghana ——-
Map —-
Location: 8 00 N, 2 00 W — Western Africa, bordering the NorthAtlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Flag ——
Description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
Geography ————-
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean,between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 238,540 sq kmland area: 230,020 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:total: 2,093 kmborder countries: Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo877 km
Coastline: 539 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeastcoast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Terrain: mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-centralarealowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 mhighest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
Natural resources: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite,manganese, fish, rubber
Land use:arable land: 5%permanent crops: 7%meadows and pastures: 15%forest and woodland: 37%other: 36%
Irrigated land: 80 sq km (1989)
Environment:current issues: recent drought in north severely affectingagricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion;poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations;water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable waternatural hazards: dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January toMarch; droughtsinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but notratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation
Geographic note: Lake Volta is the world's largest artificiallake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March)
People ———
Population: 17,698,271 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 43% (male 3,856,673; female 3,819,946)15-64 years: 54% (male 4,658,142; female 4,814,060)65 years and over: 3% (male 262,159; female 287,291) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.29% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 35 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 11.15 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.03 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/femaleall ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 80.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.17 years male: 54.18 years female: 58.22 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.59 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian
Ethnic divisions: black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%,Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2%
Religions: indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%,other 8%
Languages: English (official), African languages (including Akan,Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)total population: 64.5%male: 75.9%female: 53.5%
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast
Data code: GH
Type of government: constitutional democracy
Capital: Accra
Administrative divisions: 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo,Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West,Volta, Western
Independence: 6 March 1957 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Constitution: new constitution approved 28 April 1992
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: President Jerry John RAWLINGS(since 3 November 1992); elected for a four-year term by directuniversal suffrage; the president can appoint a vice president;election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA December 1996)cabinet: Cabinet; president nominates members subject to approval bythe Parliament
Legislative branch: unicameralParliament: elections last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held NADecember 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election, theNational Democratic Congress won 198 of the total 200 seats and 2seats were won by independents; because of interim bye-elections,the National Democratic Congress and its remaining coalitionpartner, Every Ghanian Living Everywhere (EGLE), now control 189seats; former coalition partner, NCP, has 8 seats; independents hold3
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Congress (NDC),Jerry John RAWLINGS; New Patriotic Party (NPP), Peter Ala ADJETY;People's Heritage Party (PHP), Alex ERSKINE; National ConventionParty (NCP), Kow ARKAAH; Every Ghanian Living Everywhere (EGLE),Ashang OKINE; Peoples Convention Party (PCP), B.K. NKETSIA; PeoplesNational Convention (PNC), Alhaji Asuma BANDA
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA,ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer),ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAHchancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527consulate(s) general: New York
US diplomatic representation:chief of mission: Ambassador Edward BRYNNembassy: Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accramailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accratelephone: [233] (21) 775348FAX: [233] (21) 775747
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
Economy ———-
Economic overview: Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Heavily reliant on international assistance, Ghana has made steady progress in liberalizing its economy since 1983. Overall growth continued at a rate of approximately 5% in 1995, due largely to increased gold, timber, and cocoa production - major sources of foreign exchange. The economy, however, continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for almost half of GDP and employs 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Public sector wage increases, regional peacekeeping commitments, and the containment of internal unrest in the underdeveloped north have placed substantial demands on the government's budget and have led to inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity program.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $25.1 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 5% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $1,400 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 47% industry: 16% services: 37% (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 69% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 3.7 millionby occupation: agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, salesand clerical 15.2%, professional 3.7%, services, transportation, andcommunications 7.7%
Unemployment rate: 10% (1993 est.)
Budget:revenues: $1.05 billionexpenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $178million (1993)
Industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, foodprocessing
Industrial production growth rate: 2.8% (1994 est.)
Electricity: capacity: 1,180,000 kW production: 6.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 323 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US
Exports: $1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: cocoa 40%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum,manganese ore, and diamondspartners: Germany , US , UK , Netherlands , Japan (1995)
Imports: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)commodities: petroleum, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods,capital equipmentpartners: UK, US, Germany, Japan, Netherlands (1995)
External debt: $4.6 billion (December 1993 est.)
Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $472 million (1993)
Currency: 1 new cedi (C) = 100 pesewas
Exchange rates: new cedis per US$1 - 1,246.11 (September 1995), 956.71 (1994), 649.06 (1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation ———————
Railways:total: 953 km; note - undergoing major renovation (1995 est.)narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge; 32 km double track
Highways:total: 38,145 kmpaved: 7,476 km (including 21 km of expressways)unpaved: 30,669 km (1990 est.)
Waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
Pipelines: none
Ports: Takoradi, Tema
Merchant marine:total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,427 GRT/35,894 DWTships by type: cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (1995 est.)
Airports:total: 12with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 3with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2with paved runways under 914 m: 2with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 2with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 70,000 (1988 est.)
Telephone system: poor to fair system domestic: primarily microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: 4 (repeaters 8)
Televisions: 250,000 (1993 est.)
Defense ———-
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Palace Guard, CivilDefense
Manpower availability: males age 15-49: 4,135,538 males fit for military service: 2,303,423 males reach military age (18) annually: 176,332 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 0.8% of GDP (1994)
======================================================================
@Gibraltar ————-
(dependent territory of the UK)
Map —-
Location: 36 11 N, 5 22 W — Southwestern Europe, bordering theStrait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the NorthAtlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Flag ——
Description: two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
Geography ————-
Location: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Geographic coordinates: 36 11 N, 5 22 W
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 6.5 sq kmland area: 6.5 sq kmcomparative area: about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington,DC
Land boundaries: total: 1.2 km border country: Spain 1.2 km
Coastline: 12 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: source of friction between Spain and the UK
Climate: Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Terrain: a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use:arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures: 0%forest and woodland: 0%other: 100%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: limited natural freshwater resources, so largeconcrete or natural rock water catchments collect rain waternatural hazards: NAinternational agreements: NA
Geographic note: strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar thatlinks the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
People ———
Population: 28,765 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 20% (male 3,109; female 2,728)15-64 years: 66% (male 10,668; female 8,292)65 years and over: 14% (male 1,582; female 2,386) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.54% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 13.94 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 8.73 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.04 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.29 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/femaleall ages: 1.15 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.83 years male: 74.5 years female: 81.31 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.26 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Ethnic divisions: Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, Spanish
Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% (Church of England8%, other 3%), Muslim 8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% (1981)
Languages: English (used in schools and for official purposes),Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian
Literacy: NA
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Data code: GI
Type of government: dependent territory of the UK
Capital: Gibraltar
Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
National holiday: Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March)
Constitution: 30 May 1969
Legal system: English law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjectsresident six months or more
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (of the United Kingdom since 6February 1952), a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor andCommander in Chief Field Marshal Sir John CHAPPLE (since NA March1993)head of government: Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since 25 March 1988)was appointed by the governorGibraltar Council: advises the governorcabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed from the elected membersof the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with thechief minister
Legislative branch: unicameral House of Assembly: elections last held 16 January 1992 (next to be held NA January 1996); results - SL 73.3%, SD 20.2%, NP 4.7%, independents 1.8%; seats - (18 total, 15 elected) SL 8, SD 7
Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders: Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party(SL), Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for theAdvancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), leader Adolfo CANEPA;Gibraltar Social Democrats (SD), Peter CARUANA; Gibraltar NationalParty (NP), Joe GARCIA
Other political or pressure groups: Housewives Association;Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization
International organization participation: Interpol (subbureau)
Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of theUK)
US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Flag: two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
Economy ———-
Economic overview: Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade and offshore banking. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 15% of GDP; tourism, shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of employment.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $205 million (1993 est.)
GDP real growth rate: NA%
GDP per capita: $6,600 (1993 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Labor force: 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) note: UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $116 millionexpenditures: $124 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1992-93)
Industries: tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UK naval and air bases; tobacco, mineral waters, beer, canned fish
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity: capacity: 47,000 kW production: 90 million kWh consumption per capita: 2,539 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: none
Exports: $57 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8% partners: UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG
Imports: $420 million (c.i.f., 1992) commodities: fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs partners: UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands
External debt: $318 million (1987)
Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $NA
Currency: 1 Gibraltar pound (LG) = 100 pence
Exchange rates: Gibraltar pounds (LG) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Transportation ———————
Railways:total: NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only
Highways:total: 49.9 km (including 12.9 km public highways)paved: 49.9 kmunpaved: 0 km
Pipelines: none
Ports: Gibraltar
Merchant marine:total: 19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 357,730 GRT/635,769 DWTships by type: bulk 1, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, oiltanker 13 (1995 est.)
Airports: total: 1 with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 19,529 (1993 est.)
Telephone system: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: 4
Televisions: NA
Defense ———-
Branches: British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
======================================================================
@Glorioso Islands ————————
(possession of France)
Map —-
Location: 11 30 S, 47 20 E — Southern Africa, group of islands inthe Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Flag ——
Description: the flag of France is used
Geography ————-
Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean,northwest of Madagascar
Geographic coordinates: 11 30 S, 47 20 E
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 5 sq kmland area: 5 sq kmcomparative area: about eight times the size of The Mall inWashington, DCnote: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock,and South Rock
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 35.2 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: claimed by Madagascar
Climate: tropical
Terrain: NA lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 12 m
Natural resources: guano, coconuts
Land use:arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures: 0%forest and woodland: 0%other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: periodic cyclones international agreements: NA
People ———
Population: uninhabited
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Glorioso Islands local long form: none local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Data code: GO
Type of government: French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion
Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion
Independence: none (possession of France)
Flag: the flag of France is used
Economy ———-
Economic overview: no economic activity
Transportation ———————
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1 (1995 est.)
Defense ———-
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of France
======================================================================
@Greece ———
Map —-
Location: 39 00 N, 22 00 E — Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Flag ——
Description: nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country
Geography ————-
Location: Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea,and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 22 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 131,940 sq kmland area: 130,800 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Alabama
Land boundaries:total: 1,210 kmborder countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km,The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Coastline: 13,676 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationterritorial sea: 6 nm
International disputes: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over name; border demarcation with Albania, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece remain unresolved issues
Climate: temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain: mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m
Natural resources: bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble
Land use:arable land: 23%permanent crops: 8%meadows and pastures: 40%forest and woodland: 20%other: 9%
Irrigated land: 11,900 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: air pollution; water pollutionnatural hazards: severe earthquakesinternational agreements: party to - Air Pollution,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Desertification
Geographic note: strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
People ———
Population: 10,538,594 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 16% (male 899,029; female 837,308)15-64 years: 68% (male 3,571,918; female 3,542,556)65 years and over: 16% (male 736,818; female 950,965) (July 1996est.)
Population growth rate: 0.42% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 9.78 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 9.53 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 3.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.07 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/femaleall ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.1 years male: 75.6 years female: 80.78 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.37 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Greek(s) adjective: Greek
Ethnic divisions: Greek 98%, other 2% note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in ======================================================================
@Greenland ————-
(part of the Danish realm)
Map —-
Location: 72 00 N, 40 00 W — Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Flag ——
Description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
Geography ————-
Location: Northern North America, island between the Arctic Oceanand the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Geographic coordinates: 72 00 N, 40 00 W
Map references: Arctic Region
Area:total area: 2,175,600 sq kmland area: 383,600 sq km (ice free)comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 44,087 km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Terrain: flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m
Natural resources: zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum,cryolite, uranium, fish
Land use:arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures: 1%forest and woodland: 0%other: 99%
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds ofthe islandinternational agreements: NA
Geographic note: dominates North Atlantic Ocean between NorthAmerica and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlementsalong coast
People ———
Population: 58,203 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 27% (male 7,871; female 7,723)15-64 years: 68% (male 21,755; female 17,961)65 years and over: 5% (male 1,307; female 1,586) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 1% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 17.06 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.21 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/femaleall ages: 1.13 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 23.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 68.24 years male: 63.97 years female: 72.53 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.22 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic
Ethnic divisions: Greenlander 86% (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), Danish 14%
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran
Languages: Eskimo dialects, Danish
Literacy: NA
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Data code: GL
Type of government: part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division
Capital: Nuuk (Godthab)
Administrative divisions: 3 municipalities (kommuner, singular -kommun); Nordgronland, Ostgronland, Vestgronland
Independence: none (part of the Danish realm; self-governingoverseas administrative division)
National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)
Constitution: 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Legal system: Danish
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (of Denmark since 14 January1972), a constitutional monarch, is represented by High CommissionerSteen SPORE (since NA 1993)head of government: Prime Minister Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15March 1991) was elected by the Landstingcabinet: Landsstyre is formed from the Landsting on basis ofstrength of parties
Legislative branch: unicameralParliament (Landsting): election last held on 4 March 1995 (next tobe held NA 5 March 1999); results - Siumut 38.5%, Inuit Ataqatigiit20.3%, Atassut Party 29.7%; seats - (31 total) Siumut 12, AtassutParty 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 6, conservative splinter grouping 2,independent 1Danish Folketing: election last held on 21 September 1994 (next tobe held by NA September 1998); Greenland elects two representativesto the Folketing; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2total) Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; note - Greenlandicrepresentatives are affiliated with Danish political parties
Judicial branch: High Court (Landsret)
Political parties and leaders: two-party ruling coalition; Siumut (Forward Party, a moderate socialist party that advocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark), Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) (Eskimo Brotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule), Josef MOTZFELDT; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a more conservative party that favors continuing close relations with Denmark), Daniel SKIFTE; Akulliit Party, Bjarne KREUTZMANN; Issituup (Polar Party), Nicolai HEINRICH
Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing overseasadministrative division of Denmark)
US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing overseasadministrative division of Denmark)
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
Economy ———-
Economic overview: Greenland's economic situation at present is difficult. Unemployment is increasing, and prospects for economic growth in the immediate future are dim. Following the closing of the Black Angel lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland became almost completely dependent on fishing and fish processing, the sector accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects for fisheries are not bright, as the important shrimp catches will at best stabilize and cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbon activities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with some potential for the near future. The public sector, i.e., the central government and its commercial entities and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland, accounting for about two-thirds of total employment. About half the government's revenues come from grants from the Danish Government, an important supplement of GDP.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $892 million (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: NA%
GDP per capita: $15,500 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1993 est.)
Labor force: 22,800
Unemployment rate: 6.6% (1993 est.)
Budget:revenues: $667 millionexpenditures: $635 million, including capital expenditures of $103.8million (1993 est.)
Industries: fish processing (mainly shrimp), lead, zinc,handicrafts, small shipyards
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity: capacity: 84,000 kW production: 210 million kWh consumption per capita: 3,361 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: forage crops, small garden vegetables; sheep; 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tons
Exports: $330.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: fish and fish products 95% partners: Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5%
Imports: $369.6 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport equipment 24%, food and live animals 12.4%, petroleum products 12% partners: Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan 3.8%, Sweden 2.4%
External debt: $297.1 million (1993)
Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $NA note: substantial annual subsidy from Denmark
Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 5.652 (January 1996), 5.602 (1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation ———————
Railways: 0 km
Highways: total: 150 km paved: 60 km unpaved: 90 km
Ports: Faeringehavn, Frederikshaab, Holsteinsborg, Nanortalik,Narsaq, Nuuk (Godthaab), Sondre Stromfjord
Merchant marine:total: 1 short-sea passenger (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,162GRT/610 DWT (1995 est.)
Airports:total: 8with paved runways over 3 047 m: 1with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 1with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 1with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 17,900 (1984 est.)
Telephone system: adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and microwave radio relay domestic: microwave radio relay international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 7 (repeaters 35), shortwave 0
Radios: 23,000 (1991 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 4 (repeaters 9)
Televisions: 12,000 (1991 est.)
Defense ———-
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of Denmark
======================================================================
@Grenada ———-
Map —-
Location: 12 07 N, 61 40 W — Caribbean, island in the CaribbeanSea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Flag ——
Description: a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side) with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions
Geography ————-
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north ofTrinidad and Tobago
Geographic coordinates: 12 07 N, 61 40 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 340 sq kmland area: 340 sq kmcomparative area: twice the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 121 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Terrain: volcanic in origin with central mountains lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m
Natural resources: timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Land use:arable land: 15%permanent crops: 26%meadows and pastures: 3%forest and woodland: 9%other: 47%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane seasonlasts from June to Novemberinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
Geographic note: the administration of the islands of theGrenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesand Grenada
People ———
Population: 94,961 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 43% (male 20,975; female 20,246)15-64 years: 52% (male 26,089; female 23,068)65 years and over: 5% (male 2,112; female 2,471) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.55% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 29.13 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -17.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.02 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/femaleall ages: 1.07 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.89 years male: 68.39 years female: 73.44 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.78 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Grenadian(s) adjective: Grenadian
Ethnic divisions: black African
Religions: Roman Catholic, Anglican, other Protestant sects
Languages: English (official), French patois
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)total population: 98%male: 98%female: 98%
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Grenada
Data code: GJ
Type of government: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Saint George's
Administrative divisions: 6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick
Independence: 7 February 1974 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
Constitution: 19 December 1973
Legal system: based on English common law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), ahereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General ReginaldOswald PALMER (since 6 August 1992)head of government: Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 22 June1995) was appointed from members of the House of Assembly by thegovernor generalcabinet: Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on advice ofthe prime minister
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the opposition House of Representatives: elections last held on 20 June 1995 (next to be held by NA October 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) NDC 5, GULP 2, NNP 8
Judicial branch: West Indies Associate States Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Congress (NDC),George BRIZAN; Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Sir Eric GAIRY;The National Party (TNP), Ben JONES; New National Party (NNP), KeithMITCHELL; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement (MBPM), TerrenceMARRYSHOW; New Democratic Party (NDP), James MITCHELL; Unity LaborParty (ULP), Vincent BEACHE
International organization participation: ACP, C, Caricom, CDB,ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS,OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Denneth MODESTEchancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 265-2561