Name of country: conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge
Data code: NO
Type of government: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Oslo
Administrative divisions: 19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke);Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, Moreog Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold,Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms,Vest-Agder, Vestfold
Dependent areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
Independence: 26 October 1905 (from Sweden)
National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)
Constitution: 17 May 1814, modified in 1884
Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991) is ahereditary monarch; Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (born20 July 1973)head of government: Prime Minister Gro Harlem BRUNDTLAND (since 3November 1990) was appointed by the king with the approval of theStortingcabinet: State Council was appointed by the king with the approvalof the Storting
Legislative branch: modified unicameral Parliament (Storting) which, for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers Storting: elections last held 13 September 1993 (next to be held NA September 1997); results - Labor 37.1%, Center Party 18.5%, Conservatives 15.6%, Christian People's 8.4%, Socialist Left 7.9%, Progress 6%, Left Party 3.6%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%; seats - (165 total) Labor 67, Center Party 32, Conservatives 18, Christian People's 13, Socialist Left 13, Progress 10, Left Party 1, Red Electoral Alliance 1, unawarded 10 note: for certain purposes, the Storting divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Hoyesterett), justices appointedby the king
Political parties and leaders: Labor Party, Thorbjorn JAGLAND;Conservative Party, Jan PETERSEN; Center Party, Anne ENGERLAHNSTEIN; Christian People's Party, Valgerd HAUGLAND; SocialistLeft, Erik SOLHEIM; Norwegian Communist, Kare Andre NILSEN; ProgressParty, Carl I. HAGEN; Liberal, Odd Einar DORUM; Left Party; RedElectoral Alliance, Erling FOLKVORD
International organization participation: AfDB, AsDB, AustraliaGroup, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, IADB,IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO,MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA,UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR,UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO,WTrO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Kjeld VIBEchancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000FAX: [1] (202) 337-0870consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York,and San Franciscoconsulate(s): Miami
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas A. LOFTUS embassy: Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo mailing address: PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707 telephone: [47] 22 44 85 50 FAX: [47] 22 44 33 63
Flag: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Economy ———-
Economic overview: Norway has a mixed economy involving a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises), and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway also maintains an extensive welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to more than 50% of GDP and results in one of the highest average tax burdens in the world (46%). A small country with a high dependence on international trade, Norway is basically an exporter of raw materials and semiprocessed goods, with an abundance of small- and medium-sized firms, and is ranked among the major shipping nations. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil sector. Norway imports more than half its food needs. Economic growth, only 1.6% in 1993, moved up to 5.5% in 1994 and remained strong in 1995. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $106.2 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 4.5% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $24,500 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 2.9% industry: 34.7% services: 62.4% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 2.13 million by occupation: services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6% (1993)
Unemployment rate: 8% (including people in job-training programs;November 1995)
Budget:revenues: $48.6 billionexpenditures: $53 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1994 est.)
Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: 7.4% (1994)
Electricity: capacity: 27,280,000 kW production: 118 billion kWh consumption per capita: 23,735 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: oats, other grains; beef, milk; livestock output exceeds value of crops; among world's top 10 fishing nations; fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market
Exports: $34.7 billion (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 43%, metals and products 11%, foodstuffs (mostly fish) 9%, chemicals and raw materials 25%, natural gas 6.0%, ships 5.4% partners: EU 77.8% (UK 20.8%, Germany 12.4%, France 8.12%), Sweden 9.4%, US 6.7%, Japan 1.9% (1994)
Imports: $27.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: machinery and equipment and manufactured consumer goods 54%, chemicals and other industrial inputs 39%, foodstuffs 6% partners: EU 68.9% (Germany 13.9%, UK 10.4%, Denmark 7.4%), Sweden 15%, US 7.4%, Japan 6.0% (1994)
External debt: $NA
Economic aid: donor: ODA, $1.014 billion (1993)
Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.4160 (January 1996), 6.3352 (1995), 7.0576 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation ———————
Railways:total: 4,027 kmstandard gauge: 4,027 km 1.435-m gauge (2422 km electrified; 96 kmdouble track) (1995)
Highways:total: 88,922 kmpaved: 61,356 km (including 75 km of expressways)unpaved: 27,566 km (1990 est.)
Waterways: 1,577 km along west coast; 2.4 m draft vessels maximum
Pipelines: refined products 53 km
Ports: Bergen, Drammen, Flora, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund,Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso,Trondheim
Merchant marine:total: 712 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,278,205GRT/32,209,679 DWTships by type: bulk 114, cargo 98, chemical tanker 83, combinationbulk 10, combination ore/oil 31, container 15, liquefied gas tanker87, oil tanker 148, passenger 10, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll-on/roll-off cargo 49, short-seapassenger 21, vehicle carrier 30note: the government has created an internal register, the NorwegianInternational Ship Register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegianregister; ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags ofconvenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians (1995 est.)
Airports:total: 102with paved runways over 3 047 m: 1with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 12with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 13with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 11with paved runways under 914 m: 60with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 5 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 2.39 million (1986 est.)
Telephone system: high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services domestic: NA domestic satellite earth stations international: 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government), shortwave 0
Radios: 3.3 million (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 54 (repeaters 2,100)
Televisions: 1.5 million (1993 est.)
Defense ———-
Branches: Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy (includes CoastArtillery and Coast Guard), Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49: 1,125,302 males fit for military service: 937,309 males reach military age (20) annually: 28,328 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.7 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1995)
======================================================================
@Oman ——
Map —-
Location: 21 00 N, 57 00 E — Middle East, bordering the ArabianSea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
Flag ——
Description: three horizontal bands of white (top, double width), red, and green (double width) with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered at the top of the vertical band
Geography ————-
Location: Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman,and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
Geographic coordinates: 21 00 N, 57 00 E
Map references: Middle East
Area:total area: 212,460 sq kmland area: 212,460 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Kansas
Land boundaries: total: 1,374 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Coastline: 2,092 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: no defined boundary with most of UAE, butAdministrative Line in far north
Climate: dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior;strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Terrain: vast central desert plain, rugged mountains in north andsouthlowest point: Arabian Sea 0 mhighest point: Jabal ash Sham 2,980 m
Natural resources: petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble,limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
Land use:arable land: 2%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures: 5%forest and woodland: 0%other: 93%
Irrigated land: 410 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oilspills; very limited natural fresh water resourcesnatural hazards: summer winds often raise large sandstorms and duststorms in interior; periodic droughtsinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution; signed, but notratified - Hazardous Wastes
Geographic note: strategic location with small foothold onMusandam Peninsula controlling Strait of Hormuz, a vital transitpoint for world crude oil
People ———
Population: 2,186,548 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 46% (male 511,664; female 493,369)15-64 years: 51% (male 609,423; female 513,042)65 years and over: 3% (male 26,623; female 32,427) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.53% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 37.86 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 4.44 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.05 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.19 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/femaleall ages: 1.1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 27.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.53 years male: 68.59 years female: 72.57 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.09 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Omani(s) adjective: Omani
Ethnic divisions: Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani,Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi), African
Religions: Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu
Languages: Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Literacy: NA
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman conventional short form: Oman local long form: Saltanat Uman local short form: Uman
Data code: MU
Type of government: monarchy
Capital: Muscat
Administrative divisions: 6 regions (mintaqah, singular -mintaqat) and 2 governorates* (muhafazah, singular - muhafazat) AdDakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat,Musandam*, Zufar*
Independence: 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
National holiday: National Day, 18 November (1940)
Constitution: none
Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: none
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: Sultan and Prime MinisterQABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970) is a hereditary monarch;cabinet: Cabinet was appointed by the sultan
Legislative branch: unicameralConsultative Council (Majlis ash Shura): a 60-member body withadvisory powers only
Judicial branch: none; traditional Islamic judges and a nascentcivil court system, administered by region
Political parties and leaders: none
Other political or pressure groups: NA
International organization participation: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF,ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU,NAM, OIC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO,UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Abdallah bin Muhammad bin Aqil al-DHAHABchancery: 2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 387-1980 through 1982FAX: [1] (202) 745-4933
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Frances D. COOK embassy: address NA, Muscat mailing address: P. O. Box 202, Code No. 115, Medinat Qaboos, Muscat telephone: [968] 698989 FAX: [968] 699779
Flag: three horizontal bands of white (top, double width), red, and green (double width) with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered at the top of the vertical band
Economy ———-
Economic overview: Economic performance is closely tied to the fortunes of the oil industry. Petroleum accounts for nearly 90% of export earnings, about 75% of government revenues, and roughly 40% of GDP. Oman has proved oil reserves of 4 billion barrels, equivalent to about 20 years' supply at the current rate of extraction. Agriculture is carried on at a subsistence level and the general population depends on imported food. The government is encouraging private investment, both domestic and foreign, as a prime force for further economic development.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $19.1 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 3.5% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $10,800 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 3% industry: 60% services: 37%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.7% (1994 est.)
Labor force: 454,000 by occupation: agriculture 37% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $4.7 billionexpenditures: $5.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1995 est.)
Industries: crude oil production and refining, natural gasproduction, construction, cement, copper
Industrial production growth rate: 3% (1994 est.)
Electricity: capacity: 1,540,000 kW production: 6 billion kWh consumption per capita: 3,407 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels,cattle; annual fish catch averages 100,000 metric tons
Exports: $4.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)commodities: petroleum 87%, reexports, fish, processed copper,textilespartners: Japan 35%, South Korea 15.8%, US 9%, China 8%, Thailand 5%(1994)
Imports: $4 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)commodities: machinery, transportation equipment, manufacturedgoods, food, livestock, lubricantspartners: UAE 27% (largely reexports), Japan 20%, UK 15%, US 5%,Germany 4% (1993)
External debt: $3 billion (1993)
Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $82 million (1993)
Currency: 1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza
Exchange rates: Omani rials (RO) per US$1 - 0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation ———————
Railways: 0 km
Highways:total: 25,948 kmpaved: 4,930 km (including 413 km of expressways)unpaved: 21,018 km (1992 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1,030 km
Ports: Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut
Merchant marine:total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,306 GRT/8,210 DWTships by type: cargo 1, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1 (1995 est.)
Airports:total: 129with paved runways over 3 047 m: 4with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 34with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 3with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 3with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 57with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 26 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 150,000 (1994 est.)
Telephone system: modern system consisting of open wire,microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limitedcoaxial cabledomestic: open wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and adomestic satellite system with 8 earth stationsinternational: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)and 1 Arabsat
Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 1
Radios: 1.043 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 9
Televisions: 1.195 million (1992 est.)
Defense ———-
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Royal OmanPolice)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49: 532,113 males fit for military service: 301,747 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.82 billion, 13.7% of GDP (1996)
======================================================================
@Pacific Ocean ——————-
Map —-
Location: 0 00 N, 160 00 W — body of water between Antarctica,Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere
Geography ————-
Location: body of water between Antarctica, Asia, Australia, andthe Western Hemisphere
Geographic coordinates: 0 00 N, 160 00 W
Map references: World
Area:total area: 165.384 million sq kmcomparative area: about 18 times the size of the US; the largestocean (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and theArctic Ocean); covers about one-third of the global surface; largerthan the total land area of the worldnote: includes Bali Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Bering Sea, BeringStrait, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Flores Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Gulfof Tonkin, Java Sea, Philippine Sea, Ross Sea, Savu Sea, Sea ofJapan, Sea of Okhotsk, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, Timor Sea, andother tributary water bodies
Coastline: 135,663 km
International disputes: some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Climate: planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian land mass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and East Asia from May to December
Terrain: surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Marianas Trench, which is the world's deepest lowest point: Marianas Trench -10,924 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Natural resources: oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sandand gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish
Environment:current issues: endangered marine species include the dugong, sealion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution inPhilippine Sea and South China Seanatural hazards: surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic andearthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring ofFire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and eastAsia from May to December (most frequent from July to October);tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strikeCentral America and Mexico from June to October (most common inAugust and September); southern shipping lanes subject to icebergsfrom Antarctica; occasional El Nino phenomenon occurs off the coastof Peru, when the trade winds slacken and the warm EquatorialCountercurrent moves south, killing the plankton that is the primaryfood source for anchovies; consequently, the anchovies move tobetter feeding grounds, causing resident marine birds to starve bythe thousands because of the loss of their food source; shipssubject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to Mayand in extreme south from May to October; persistent fog in thenorthern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to Decemberinternational agreements: NA
Geographic note: the major choke points are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean
Government —————
Data code: none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Codes appendix
Economy ———-
Economic overview: The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1985 over half (54%) of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean, which is the only ocean where the fish catch has increased every year since 1978. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of Australia, NZ, China, US, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has slowed but not stopped new drillings.
Transportation ———————
Ports: Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong, Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), LosAngeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), SanFrancisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney(Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)
Communications ———————
Telephone system:international: several submarine cables with network nodal points onGuam and Hawaii
======================================================================
@Pakistan ————
Map —-
Location: 30 00 N, 70 00 E — Southern Asia, bordering the ArabianSea, between India and Iran
Flag ——
Description: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Geography ————-
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between Indiaand Iran
Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area:total area: 803,940 sq kmland area: 778,720 sq kmcomparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:total: 6,774 kmborder countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912km, Iran 909 km
Coastline: 1,046 km
Maritime claims:contiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginexclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: status of Kashmir with India; border dispute with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems over the Indus (Wular Barrage) with upstream riparian India
Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limitedpetroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use:arable land: 23%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures: 6%forest and woodland: 4%other: 67% (1993)
Irrigated land: 170,000 sq km (1992)
Environment:current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes,and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; amajority of the population does not have access to potable water;deforestation; soil erosion; desertificationnatural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severeespecially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavyrains (July and August)international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands;signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, MarineLife Conservation
Geographic note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditionalinvasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People ———
Population: 129,275,660 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 42% (male 28,286,823; female 26,640,019)15-64 years: 53% (male 35,396,281; female 33,733,798)65 years and over: 5% (male 2,621,721; female 2,597,018) (July 1996est.)
Population growth rate: 2.24% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 36.16 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.05 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/femaleall ages: 1.05 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 96.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.46 years male: 57.7 years female: 59.25 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.25 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani
Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch,Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendants)
Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu,and other 3%
Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant)10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and mostgovernment ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)total population: 37.8%male: 50%female: 24.4%
Government —————
Name of country:conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistanconventional short form: Pakistanformer: West Pakistan
Data code: PK
Type of government: republic
Capital: Islamabad
Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation ofthe republic)
Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored withamendments 30 December 1985
Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates andreserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
Executive branch:chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI (since 13 November1993) was elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election lastheld 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the fourprovincial assemblieshead of government: Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO (since 19 October1993) was elected by the National Assemblycabinet: Cabinet was elected by the National Assembly
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)Senate: elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1,JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2,vacant 1National Assembly: elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to beheld by October 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats- (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic DemocraticFront 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, religious minorities 10 reserved seats,independents 9, results pending 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judicial chiefs are appointed bythe president; Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
Political parties and leaders:government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; PakistanMuslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; NationalPeople's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa MilliAwami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan NationalMovement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National DemocraticAlliance (NDA); Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khanopposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N),Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Ajmal Khan KHATTAK;Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF); Balochistan National Movement, MengalGroup (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaffaction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH); JamhooriWatan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTIfrequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), MaulanaSami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction(JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP);Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Front) includes JamiatUlema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Pakistan Muslim League,Functional Group (PML/F), Pir PAGARO; Pakistan National Party (PNP);Milli Yakjheti Council (MYC) is an umbrella organization whichincludes Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED, JamiatUlema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S), Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan(TJP), Allama Sajid NAQVI, and Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Nooranifaction (JUP/NO)note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Other political or pressure groups: military remains importantpolitical force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, andsmall merchants also influential
International organization participation: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO,ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM,IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat,Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC,PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR,UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Maleeha LODHI chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6200 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0484 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas SIMONS, Jr. embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, Unit 6220, APO AE 09812-2200 telephone: [92] (51) 826161 through 826179 FAX: [92] (51) 214222 consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore consulate(s): Peshawar
Flag: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Economy ———-
Economic overview: Pakistan is a poor, highly populated Third World country struggling to make the difficult transition to the modern world of high technology and internationalized markets. Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO has been under pressure from the IMF and other donors to continue the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993). The IMF suspended a $1.5 billion Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) in mid-1995 because Pakistan slowed the pace of economic reform. Islamabad's most recent budget - announced in June 1995 - reversed some reforms agreed to by the IMF earlier that year, including a slowing of tariff reform. In mid-December 1995, however, the IMF approved a $600 million standby arrangement and urged Pakistan to move forward with economic liberalization. Islamabad has agreed to new economic targets with the IMF, which could lay the basis for a return to an ESAF in 1996. Little progress was made in the privatization of large state-owned units in 1995. The sale of the power plant Kot Addu - scheduled for April 1995 - was stalled by opposition from labor unions. The sale of a 26% share of United Bank Limited and the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation to strategic investors was due to take place in 1995 but has been pushed back to 1996. On the plus side real GDP grew 4.7% in 1995, up from 3.9% in 1994: GDP should grow even faster in 1996 as a result of an above average cotton crop. Secondly, Islamabad reduced the budget deficit to 5.6% of GDP at the end of FY94/95, down from 8% two years earlier. Thirdly, Pakistan attracted $1.6 billion in foreign direct and portfolio investment in FY94/95, more than double inflows of $650 million in the previous fiscal year; financial agreements were reached on five power projects in 1995, including the 1,300-MW $1.8 billion Hab River project. Despite these improvements, the economy remains vulnerable to crisis. Foreign exchange reserves fell dramatically in 1995, reaching a low of about $1 billion in early December 1995 - only five weeks of import cover - before rising to $1.5 billion by yearend. The trade deficit rose to $2 billion for the first six months of FY94/95, triple the deficit of $600 million during the same period in FY93/94. The government responded to this situation with a package of stabilization reforms on 28 October 1995 which included a 7% devaluation of the rupee, supplementary duties of 10% on many imports, and higher petroleum prices. Islamabad hopes these moves will help make its exports more competitive. For the long run, Pakistan must deal with serious problems of deteriorating infrastructure, low literacy levels, and persistent law and order problems in Karachi.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $274.2 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 4.7% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $2,100 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 24% industry: 27% services: 49% (1995 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 36 million by occupation: agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19% note: extensive export of labor
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $11.9 billionexpenditures: $12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY94/95)
Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, constructionmaterials, clothing, paper products, shrimp
Industrial production growth rate: 5% (1995 est.)
Electricity:capacity: 12,530,000 kW (1995)production: 43.3 billion kWh (1995)consumption per capita: 389 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables;milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Illicit drugs: major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; remains world's fourth largest opium producer (155 metric tons in 1995); major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market
Exports: $8.7 billion (1995 est.) commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets partners: US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France
Imports: $10.7 billion (1995 est.) commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals partners: Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea
External debt: $26 billion (1995 est.)
Economic aid:recipient: ODA, $697 million (1993)note: $2.5 billion (includes bilateral and multilateral aid but noUS commitments) (FY93/94); $3 billion (includes bilateral andmultilateral aid but no US commitments) (FY94/95)
Currency: 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 34.339 (January 1996), 31.643 (1995), 30.567 (1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Transportation ———————
Railways:total: 8,163 kmbroad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified; 1,037 kmdouble track)narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge; 661 km less than 1.000-m gauge(1995 est.)
Highways: total: 205,304 km paved: 104,735 km unpaved: 100,569 km (1995 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
Ports: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant marine:total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 345,606 GRT/560,641 DWTships by type: bulk 3, cargo 19, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1(1995 est.)
Airports:total: 100with paved runways over 3 047 m: 12with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 19with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 25with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 11with paved runways under 914 m: 18with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 7with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 8 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 6 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 1.572 million (1993 est.)
Telephone system: the domestic system is mediocre, but adequatefor government and business use, in part because major businesseshave established their own private systems; since 1988, thegovernment has promoted investment in the nationaltelecommunications system on a priority basis; despite majorimprovements in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication servicesare still not readily available to the major portion of thepopulationdomestic: microwave radio relayinternational: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 AtlanticOcean and 2 Indian Ocean); microwave radio relay to neighboringcountries
Radio broadcast stations: AM 26, FM 8, shortwave 11
Radios: 11.3 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 29
Televisions: 2.08 million (1993 est.)
Defense ———-
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49: 30,519,339 males fit for military service: 18,720,175 males reach military age (17) annually: 1,437,208 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.1 billion, 5.3% of GDP (FY95/96)
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@Palau ——-
Map —-
Location: 7 30 N, 134 30 E — Oceania, group of islands in theNorth Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines
Flag ——
Description: light blue with a large yellow disk (representing themoon) shifted slightly to the hoist side
Geography ————-
Location: Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean,southeast of the Philippines
Geographic coordinates: 7 30 N, 134 30 E
Map references: Oceania
Area:total area: 458 sq kmland area: 458 sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size ofWashington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 1,519 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 12 nmextended fishing zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: wet season May to November; hot and humid
Terrain: varying geologically from the high, mountainous mainisland of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by largebarrier reefslowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mhighest point: Mount Ngerchelchauus 242 m
Natural resources: forests, minerals (especially gold), marineproducts, deep-seabed minerals
Land use:arable land: NA%permanent crops: NA%meadows and pastures: NA%forest and woodland: NA%other: NA%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste;threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging andillegal fishing practices that involve the use of dynamitenatural hazards: typhoons (June to December)international agreements: NA
Geographic note: includes World War II battleground of Beliliou(Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands; archipelago of six islandgroups totaling over 200 islands in the Caroline chain
People ———
Population: 16,952 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate: 1.71% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 21.61 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: NA male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: NA male(s)/female15-64 years: NA male(s)/female65 years and over: NA male(s)/femaleall ages: NA male(s)/female
Infant mortality rate: 25.07 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.01 years male: 69.14 years female: 73.02 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.79 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Palauan(s) adjective: Palauan
Ethnic divisions: Palauans are a composite of Polynesian, Malayan,and Melanesian races
Religions: Christian (Catholics, Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah'sWitnesses, the Assembly of God, the Liebenzell Mission, andLatter-Day Saints), Modekngei religion (one-third of the populationobserves this religion which is indigenous to Palau)
Languages: English (official in all of Palau's 16 states),Sonsorolese (official in the state of Sonsoral), Angaur and Japanese(in the state of Anguar), Tobi (in the state of Tobi), Palauan (inthe other 13 states)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)total population: 92%male: 93%female: 90%
Government —————
Name of country: conventional long form: Republic of Palau conventional short form: Palau local long form: Beluu er a Belau local short form: Belau former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Data code: PS
Type of government: constitutional government in free associationwith the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1October 1994
Capital: Korornote: a new capital is being built about 20 km northeast in easternBabelthuap
Administrative divisions: there are no first-order administrativedivisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 16 states:Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard,Ngardmau, Ngaremlengui, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngerchelong, Ngiwal,Peleliu, Sonsorol, Tobi
Independence: 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UNTrusteeship)
National holiday: Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)
Constitution: 1 January 1981
Legal system: based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: President Kuniwo NAKAMURA(since 1 January 1993) and Vice President Tommy E. REMENGESAU Jr.(since 1 January 1993) were elected for four-year terms by popularvote; election last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NANovember 1996); results - Kuniwo NAKAMURA 50.7%, Johnson TORIBIONG49.3%cabinet: Cabinet
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Olbiil Era Kelulau orOEK)Senate: elections last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NANovember 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (14total) number of seats by party NAHouse of Delegates: elections last held 4 November 1992 (next to beheld NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats- (16 total) number of seats by party NA
Judicial branch: Supreme Court; National Court; Court of CommonPleas
Political parties and leaders: Palau Nationalist Party, PolycarpBASILIUS
International organization participation: ESCAP (associate), SPC,SPF, UN, WHO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interimIsaac Ngewakl SOALADAOBchancery: 2000 L Street NW, Suite 407, Washington, DC 20036telephone: [1] (202) 452-6814FAX: [1] (202) 452-6281
US diplomatic representation:chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Richard G.WATKINSembassy: address NA, Korormailing address: P.O. Box 6028, Republic of Palau 96940telephone: [680] 488-2920, 2990FAX: [680] 488-2911
Flag: light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon)shifted slightly to the hoist side
Economy ———-
Economic overview: The economy consists primarily of subsistence agriculture and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US. The population, in effect, enjoys a per capita income of $5,000, twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for the tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific and the rapidly rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries. Reducing budgeted operating expenditures - which have increased 56% from 1989 to 1993 - will be the biggest challenge for the government over the next several years.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $81.8 million (1994 est.) note: GDP numbers reflect US spending
GDP real growth rate: NA%
GDP per capita: $5,000 (1994 est.)
GDP composition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Labor force: NA by occupation: NA
Unemployment rate: 20% (1986)
Budget:revenues: $17 millionexpenditures: $57 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1995 est.)
Industries: tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), somecommercial fishing and agriculture
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity: capacity: 16,000 kW production: 22 million kWh consumption per capita: 1,540 kWh (1990)
Agriculture: coconuts, copra, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes
Exports: $600,000 (f.o.b., 1989)commodities: trochus (type of shellfish), tuna, copra, handicraftspartners: US, Japan
Imports: $24.6 million (c.i.f., 1989)commodities: NApartners: US
External debt: about $100 million (1989)
Economic aid:recipient: ODA, $NAnote: the compact of "free association" with the US, entered intoafter the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, providesPalau with $500 million in US aid over 15 years in return forfurnishing military facilities
Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: US currency is used
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
Transportation ———————
Railways: 0 km
Highways: total: 61 km paved: 36 km unpaved: 25 km
Ports: Koror
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 3with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 1,500 (1988 est.)
Telephone system: domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0
Radios: 9,000 (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 2
Televisions: 1,600 (1993 est.)
Defense ———-
Branches: NA
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of the US
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@Palmyra Atoll ——————-