Ozone Layer Protectionsee Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL) note - abbreviated as Ship Pollution opened for signature - 17 February 1978 entered into force - 2 October 1983 objective - to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances parties - (109) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol opened for signature - 4 October 1991 entered into force - 14 January 1998 objective - to provide for comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems; applies to the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty parties - (28) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, UK, US, Uruguay countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (15) Austria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Guatemala, Hungary, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides opened for signature - 31 October 1988 entered into force - 14 February 1991 objective - to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes parties - (26) Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Belgium, Poland
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary AirPollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile OrganicCompounds or Their Transboundary Fluxesnote - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compoundsopened for signature - 18 November 1991entered into force - 29 September 1997objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions ofvolatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundaryfluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverseeffectsparties - (18) Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UKcountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (7) Belgium,Canada, EU, Greece, Portugal, Ukraine, US
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary AirPollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissionsnote - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94opened for signature - 14 June 1994entered into force - 5 August 1998objective - to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions ortransboundary fluxesparties - (22) Austria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, UKcountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6) Belgium,Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary AirPollution on Persistent Organic Pollutantsnote - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutantsopened for signature - 24 June 1998, but not yet in forceobjective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions ofpersistent organic pollutants in order to reduce their transboundaryfluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverseeffectsparties - (2) Canada, Norwaycountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (34) Armenia,Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US
Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary AirPollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their TransboundaryFluxes by at Least 30%note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85opened for signature - 8 July 1985entered into force - 2 September 1987objective - to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions ortransboundary fluxes by 1993parties - (21) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy,Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia,Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine
Ship Pollutionsee Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for thePrevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space,and Under Waternote - abbreviated as Nuclear Test Banopened for signature - 5 August 1963entered into force - 10 October 1963objective - to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmamentunder strict international control in accordance with the objectivesof the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race andeliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds ofweapons, including nuclear weaponsparties - (122) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia,Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,Burma, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, SouthKorea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar,Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles,Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, SriLanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, former Yugoslavia,Zambiacountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (12) Algeria,Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, China, Ethiopia, Haiti, Mali,Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Vietnam
Tropical Timber 83see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
Tropical Timber 94see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)note - abbreviated as Law of the Seaopened for signature - 10 December 1982entered into force - 16 November 1994objective - to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea andoceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well asenforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marineenvironmentparties - (132) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize,Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,Bulgaria, Burma, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Comoros,Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Coted'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica,Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, TheGambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia,Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea,Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique,Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, SaudiArabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, formerYugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwecountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (38) Afghanistan,Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada,Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Republic of the Congo,Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Hungary, Iran,North Korea, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Morocco, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Qatar,Rwanda, Swaziland, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu, UAE
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those CountriesExperiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly inAfricanote - abbreviated as Desertificationopened for signature - 14 October 1994entered into force - 26 December 1996objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the effects ofdrought through national action programs that incorporate long-termstrategies supported by international cooperation and partnershiparrangementsparties - (159) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh,Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, BurkinaFaso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, CostaRica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States ofMicronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway,Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Qatar,Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent andthe Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, SaudiArabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands,South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey,Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, UK, Uruguay,Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwecountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (4) Australia,Croatia, Philippines, US
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changenote - abbreviated as Climate Changeopened for signature - 9 May 1992entered into force - 21 March 1994objective - to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrationsin the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerousanthropogenic interference with the climate systemparties - (181) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republicof the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU,Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel,Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, NorthKorea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States ofMicronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue,Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, SolomonIslands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda,Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwecountries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (4) Afghanistan,Angola, Belarus, Liberia
Wetlandssee Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially AsWaterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)
Whalingsee International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
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@Appendix E: Weights and Measures
Mathematical Notation
Mathematical Power Name 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion 10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion 10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 10^9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion 10^6 or 1,000,000 one million 10^3 or 1,000 one thousand 10^2 or 100 one hundred 10^1 or 10 ten 10^0 or 1 one 10-^1 or 0.1 one-tenth 10-^2 or 0.01 one-hundredth 10-^3 or 0.001 one-thousandth 10-^6 or 0.000 001 one-millionth 10-^9 or 0.000 000 001 one-billionth 10-^12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one-trillionth 10-^15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one-quadrillionth 10-^18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 one-quintillionth
Metric Interrelationships
Prefix Symbol Length, weight, or capacity Area Volume exa E 10^18 10^36 10^54 peta P 10^15 10^30 10^45 tera T 10^12 10^24 10^36 giga G 10^9 10^18 10^27 mega M 10^6 10^12 10^18 hectokilo hk 10^5 10^10 10^15 myria ma 10^4 10^8 10^12 kilo k 10^3 10^6 10^9 hecto h 10^2 10^4 10^6 basic unit — 1 meter, 1 gram, 1 liter 1 meter^2 1 meter^3 deci d 10-^1 10-^2 10-^3 centi c 10-^2 10-^4 10-^6 milli m 10-^3 10-^6 10-^9 decimilli dm 10-^4 10-^8 10-^12 centimilli cm 10-^5 10-^10 10-^15 micro u 10-^6 10-^12 10-^18 nano n 10-^9 10-^18 10-^27 pico p 10-^12 10-^24 10-^36 femto f 10-^15 10-^30 10-^45 atto a 10-^18 10-^36 10-^54
Conversion Factors
To Convert From To Multiply By acres ares 40.468 564 224 acres hectares 0.404 685 642 24 acres square feet 43,560 acres square kilometers 0.004 046 856 422 4 acres square meters 4,046.856 422 4 acres square miles (statute) 0.001 562 50 acres square yards 4,840 ares square meters 100 ares square yards 119.599 barrels, US beer gallons 31 barrels, US beer liters 117.347 77 barrels, US petroleum gallons (British) 34.97 barrels, US petroleum gallons (US) 42 barrels, US petroleum liters 158.987 29 barrels, US proof spirits gallons 40 barrels, US proof spirits liters 151.416 47 bushels (US) bushels (British) 0.968 9 bushels (US) cubic feet 1.244 456 bushels (US) cubic inches 2,150.42 bushels (US) cubic meters 0.035 239 07 bushels (US) cubic yards 0.046 090 96 bushels (US) dekaliters 3.523 907 bushels (US) dry pints 64 bushels (US) dry quarts 32 bushels (US) liters 35.239 070 17 bushels (US) pecks 4 cables fathoms 120 cables meters 219.456 cables yards 240 carat milligrams 200 centimeters feet 0.032 808 40 centimeters inches 0.393 700 8 centimeters meters 0.01 centimeters yards 0.010 936 13 centimeters, cubic cubic inches 0.061 023 744 centimeters, square square feet 0.001 076 39 centimeters, square square inches 0.155 000 31 centimeters, square square meters 0.000 1 centimeters, square square yards 0.000 119 599 chains, square surveyor's ares 4.046 86 chains, square surveyor's square feet 4,356 chains, surveyor's feet 66 chains, surveyor's meters 20.116 8 chains, surveyor's rods 4 cords of wood cubic feet 128 cords of wood cubic meters 3.624 556 cords of wood cubic yards 4.740 7 cups liquid ounces (US) 8 cups liters 0.236 588 2 degrees Celsius degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 1.8 and add 32 degrees Fahrenheit degrees Celsius subtract 32 and divide by 1.8 dekaliters bushels 0.283 775 9 dekaliters cubic feet 0.353 146 7 dekaliters cubic inches 610.237 4 dekaliters dry pints 18.161 66 dekaliters dry quarts 9.080 829 8 dekaliters liters 10 dekaliters pecks 1.135 104 drams, avoirdupois avoirdupois ounces 0.062 55 drams, avoirdupois grains 27.344 drams, avoirdupois grams 1.771 845 2 drams, troy grains 60 drams, troy grams 3.887 934 6 drams, troy scruples 3 drams, troy troy ounces 0.125 drams, liquid (US) cubic inches 0.226 drams, liquid (US) liquid drams (British) 1.041 drams, liquid (US) liquid ounces 0.125 drams, liquid (US) milliliters 3.696 69 drams, liquid (US) minims 60 fathoms feet 6 fathoms meters 1.828 8 feet centimeters 30.48 feet inches 12 feet kilometers 0.000 304 8 feet meters 0.304 8 feet statute miles 0.000 189 39 feet yards 0.333 333 3 feet, cubic bushels 0.803 563 95 feet, cubic cubic decimeters 28.316 847 feet, cubic cubic inches 1,728 feet, cubic cubic meters 0.028 316 846 592 feet, cubic cubic yards 0.037 037 04 feet, cubic dry pints 51.428 09 feet, cubic dry quarts 25.714 05 feet, cubic gallons 7.480 519 feet, cubic gills 239.376 6 feet, cubic liquid ounces 957.506 5 feet, cubic liquid pints 59.844 16 feet, cubic liquid quarts 29.922 08 feet, cubic liters 28.316 846 592 feet, cubic pecks 3.214 256 feet, square acres 0.000 022 956 8 feet, square square centimeters 929.030 4 feet, square square decimeters 9.290 304 feet, square square inches 144 feet, square square meters 0.092 903 04 feet, square square yards 0.111 111 1 furlongs feet 660 furlongs inches 7,920 furlongs meters 201.168 furlongs statute miles 0.125 furlongs yards 220 gallons, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.133 680 6 gallons, liquid (US) cubic inches 231 gallons, liquid (US) cubic meters 0.003 785 411 784 gallons, liquid (US) cubic yards 0.004 951 13 gallons, liquid (US) gills (US) 32 gallons, liquid (US) liquid gallons (British) 0.832 67 gallons, liquid (US) liquid ounces 128 gallons, liquid (US) liquid pints 8 gallons, liquid (US) liquid quarts 4 gallons, liquid (US) liters 3.785 411 784 gallons, liquid (US) milliliters 3,785.411 784 gallons, liquid (US) minims 61,440 gills (US) centiliters 11.829 4 gills (US) cubic feet 0.004 177 517 gills (US) cubic inches 7.218 75 gills (US) gallons 0.031 25 gills (US) gills (British) 0.832 67 gills (US) liquid ounces 4 gills (US) liquid pints 0.25 gills (US) liquid quarts 0.125 gills (US) liters 0.118 294 118 25 gills (US) milliliters 118.294 118 25 gills (US) minims 1,920 grains avoirdupois drams 0.036 571 43 grains avoirdupois ounces 0.002 285 71 grains avoirdupois pounds 0.000 142 86 grains grams 0.064 798 91 grains kilograms 0.000 064 798 91 grains milligrams 64.798 910 grains pennyweights 0.042 grains scruples 0.05 grains troy drams 0.016 6 grains troy ounces 0.002 083 33 grains troy pounds 0.000 173 61 grams avoirdupois drams 0.564 383 39 grams avoirdupois ounces 0.035 273 961 grams avoirdupois pounds 0.002 204 622 6 grams grains 15.432 361 grams kilograms 0.001 grams milligrams 1,000 grams troy ounces 0.032 150 746 6 grams troy pounds 0.002 679 23 hands (height of horse) centimeters 10.16 hands (height of horse) inches 4 hectares acres 2.471 053 8 hectares square feet 107,639.1 hectares square kilometers 0.01 hectares square meters 10,000 hectares square miles 0.003 861 02 hectares square yards 11,959.90 hundredweights, long avoirdupois pounds 112 hundredweights, long kilograms 50.802 345 hundredweights, long long tons 0.05 hundredweights, long metric tons 0.050 802 345 hundredweights, long short tons 0.056 hundredweights, short avoirdupois pounds 100 hundredweights, short kilograms 45.359 237 hundredweights, short long tons 0.044 642 86 hundredweights, short metric tons 0.045 359 237 hundredweights, short short tons 0.05 inches centimeters 2.54 inches feet 0.083 333 33 inches meters 0.025 4 inches millimeters 25.4 inches yards 0.027 777 78 inches, cubic bushels 0.000 465 025 inches, cubic cubic centimeters 16.387 064 inches, cubic cubic feet 0.000 578 703 7 inches, cubic cubic meters 0.000 016 387 064 inches, cubic cubic yards 0.000 021 433 47 inches, cubic dry pints 0.029 761 6 inches, cubic dry quarts 0.014 880 8 inches, cubic gallons 0.004 329 0 inches, cubic gills 0.138 528 1 inches, cubic liquid ounces 0.554 112 6 inches, cubic liquid pints 0.034 632 03 inches, cubic liquid quarts 0.017 316 02 inches, cubic liters 0.016 387 064 inches, cubic milliliters 16.387 064 inches, cubic minims (US) 265.974 0 inches, cubic pecks 0.001 860 10 inches, square square centimeters 6.451 600 inches, square square feet 0.006 944 44 inches, square square meters 0.000 645 16 inches, square square yards 0.000 771 605 kilograms avoirdupois drams 564.383 4 kilograms avoirdupois ounces 35.273 962 kilograms avoirdupois pounds 2.204 622 622 kilograms grains 15,432.36 kilograms grams 1,000 kilograms long tons 0.000 984 2 kilograms metric tons 0.001 kilograms short hundredweights 0.022 046 23 kilograms short tons 0.001 102 31 kilograms troy ounces 32.150 75 kilograms troy pounds 2.679 229 kilometers meters 1,000 kilometers statute miles 0.621 371 192 kilometers, square acres 247.105 38 kilometers, square hectares 100 kilometers, square square meters 1,000,000 kilometers, square statute miles 0.386 102 16 knots (nautical mi/hr) kilometers/hour 1.852 knots (nautical mi/hr) statute miles/hour 1.151 leagues, nautical kilometers 5.556 leagues, nautical nautical miles 3 leagues, statute kilometers 4.828 032 leagues, statute statute miles 3 links, square surveyor's square centimeters 404.686 links, square surveyor's square inches 62.726 4 links, surveyor's centimeters 20.116 8 links, surveyor's chains 0.01 links, surveyor's inches 7.92 liters bushels 0.028 377 59 liters cubic feet 0.035 314 67 liters cubic inches 61.023 74 liters cubic meters 0.001 liters cubic yards 0.001 307 95 liters dekaliters 0.1 liters dry pints 1.816 166 liters dry quarts 0.908 082 98 liters gallons 0.264 172 052 liters gills (US) 8.453 506 liters liquid ounces 33.814 02 liters liquid pints 2.113 376 liters liquid quarts 1.056 688 2 liters milliliters 1,000 liters pecks 0.113 510 4 meters centimeters 100 meters feet 3.280 839 895 meters inches 39.370 079 meters kilometers 0.001 meters millimeters 1,000 meters statute miles 0.000 621 371 meters yards 1.093 613 298 meters, cubic bushels 28.377 59 meters, cubic cubic feet 35.314 666 7 meters, cubic cubic inches 61,023.744 meters, cubic cubic yards 1.307 950 619 meters, cubic gallons 264.172 05 meters, cubic liters 1,000 meters, cubic pecks 113.510 4 meters, square acres 0.000 247 105 38 meters, square hectares 0.000 1 meters, square square centimeters 10,000 meters, square square feet 10.763 910 4 meters, square square inches 1,550.003 1 meters, square square yards 1.195 990 046 microns meters 0.000 001 microns inches 0.000 039 4 mils inches 0.001 mils millimeters 0.025 4 miles, nautical kilometers 1.852 0 miles, nautical statute miles 1.150 779 4 miles, statute centimeters 160,934.4 miles, statute feet 5,280 miles, statute furlongs 8 miles, statute inches 63,360 miles, statute kilometers 1.609 344 miles, statute meters 1,609.344 miles, statute rods 320 miles, statute yards 1,760 miles, square nautical square kilometers 3.429 904 miles, square nautical square statute miles 1.325 miles, square statute acres 640 miles, square statute hectares 258.998 811 033 6 miles, square statute sections 1 miles, square statute square kilometers 2.589 988 110 336 miles, square statute square nautical miles 0.755 miles miles, square statute square rods 102,400 milligrams grains 0.015 432 358 35 milliliters cubic inches 0.061 023 744 milliliters gallons 0.000 264 17 milliliters gills (US) 0.008 453 5 milliliters liquid ounces 0.033 814 02 milliliters liquid pints 0.002 113 4 milliliters liquid quarts 0.001 056 7 milliliters liters 0.001 milliliters minims 16.230 73 millimeters inches 0.039 370 078 7 minims (US) cubic inches 0.003 759 77 minims (US) gills (US) 0.000 520 83 minims (US) liquid ounces 0.002 083 33 minims (US) milliliters 0.061 611 52 minims (US) minims (British) 1.041 ounces, avoirdupois avoirdupois drams 16 ounces, avoirdupois avoirdupois pounds 0.062 5 ounces, avoirdupois grains 437.5 ounces, avoirdupois grams 28.349 523 125 ounces, avoirdupois kilograms 0.028 349 523 125 ounces, avoirdupois troy ounces 0.911 458 3 ounces, avoirdupois troy pounds 0.075 954 86 ounces, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.001 044 38 ounces, liquid (US) centiliters 2.957 35 ounces, liquid (US) cubic inches 1.804 687 5 ounces, liquid (US) gallons 0.007 812 5 ounces, liquid (US) gills (US) 0.25 ounces, liquid (US) liquid drams 8 ounces, liquid (US) liquid ounces (British) 1.041 ounces, liquid (US) liquid pints 0.062 5 ounces, liquid (US) liquid quarts 0.031 25 ounces, liquid (US) liters 0.029 573 53 ounces, liquid (US) milliliters 29.573 529 6 ounces, liquid (US) minims 480 ounces, troy avoirdupois drams 17.554 29 ounces, troy avoirdupois ounces 1.097 143 ounces, troy avoirdupois pounds 0.068 571 43 ounces, troy grains 480 ounces, troy grams 31.103 476 8 ounces, troy pennyweights 20 ounces, troy troy drams 8 ounces, troy troy pounds 0.083 333 3 paces (US) centimeters 76.2 paces (US) inches 30 pecks (US) bushels 0.25 pecks (US) cubic feet 0.311 114 pecks (US) cubic inches 537.605 pecks (US) cubic meters 0.008 809 77 pecks (US) cubic yards 0.011 522 74 pecks (US) dekaliters 0.880 976 75 pecks (US) dry pints 16 pecks (US) dry quarts 8 pecks (US) liters 8.809 767 5 pecks (US) pecks (British) 0.968 9 pennyweights grains 24 pennyweights grams 1.555 173 84 pennyweights troy ounces 0.05 pints, dry (US) bushels 0.015 625 pints, dry (US) cubic feet 0.019 444 63 pints, dry (US) cubic inches 33.600 312 5 pints, dry (US) dekaliters 0.055 061 05 pints, dry (US) dry pints (British) 0.968 9 pints, dry (US) dry quarts 0.5 pints, dry (US) liters 0.550 610 47 pints, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.016 710 07 pints, liquid (US) cubic inches 28.875 pints, liquid (US) deciliters 4.731 76 pints, liquid (US) gallons 0.125 pints, liquid (US) gills (US) 4 pints, liquid (US) liquid ounces 16 pints, liquid (US) liquid pints (British) 0.832 67 pints, liquid (US) liquid quarts 0.5 pints, liquid (US) liters 0.473 176 473 pints, liquid (US) milliliters 473.176 473 pints, liquid (US) minims 7,680 points (typographical) inches 0.013 837 points (typographical) millimeters 0.351 459 8 pounds, avoirdupois avoirdupois drams 256 pounds, avoirdupois avoirdupois ounces 16 pounds, avoirdupois grains 7,000 pounds, avoirdupois grams 453.592 37 pounds, avoirdupois kilograms 0.453 592 37 pounds, avoirdupois long tons 0.000 446 428 6 pounds, avoirdupois metric tons 0.000 453 592 37 pounds, avoirdupois quintals 0.004 535 92 pounds, avoirdupois short tons 0.000 5 pounds, avoirdupois troy ounces 14.583 33 pounds, avoirdupois troy pounds 1.215 278 pounds, troy avoirdupois drams 210.651 4 pounds, troy avoirdupois ounces 13.165 71 pounds, troy avoirdupois pounds 0.822 857 1 pounds, troy grains 5,760 pounds, troy grams 373.241 721 6 pounds, troy kilograms 0.373 241 721 6 pounds, troy pennyweights 240 pounds, troy troy ounces 12 quarts, dry (US) bushels 0.031 25 quarts, dry (US) cubic feet 0.038 889 25 quarts, dry (US) cubic inches 67.200 625 quarts, dry (US) dekaliters 0.110 122 1 quarts, dry (US) dry pints 2 quarts, dry (US) dry quarts (British) 0.968 9 quarts, dry (US) liters 1.101 221 quarts, dry (US) pecks 0.125 quarts, dry (US) pints, dry (US) 2 quarts, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.033 420 14 quarts, liquid (US) cubic inches 57.75 quarts, liquid (US) deciliters 9.463 53 quarts, liquid (US) gallons 0.25 quarts, liquid (US) gills (US) 8 quarts, liquid (US) liquid ounces 32 quarts, liquid (US) liquid pints (US) 2 quarts, liquid (US) liquid quarts (British) 0.832 67 quarts, liquid (US) liters 0.946 352 946 quarts, liquid (US) milliliters 946.352 946 quarts, liquid (US) minims 15,360 quintals avoirdupois pounds 220.462 26 quintals kilograms 100 quintals metric tons 0.1 rods feet 16.5 rods meters 5.029 2 rods yards 5.5 rods, square acres 0.006 25 rods, square square meters 25.292 85 rods, square square yards 30.25 scruples grains 20 scruples grams 1.295 978 2 scruples troy drams 0.333 sections (US) square kilometers 2.589 988 1 sections (US) square statute miles 1 spans centimeters 22.86 spans inches 9 steres cubic meters 1 steres cubic yards 1.307 95 tablespoons milliliters 14.786 76 tablespoons teaspoons 3 teaspoons milliliters 4.928 922 teaspoons tablespoons 0.333 333 ton-miles, long metric ton-kilometers 1.635 169 ton-miles, short metric ton-kilometers 1.459 972 tons, gross register cubic feet of permanently enclosed space 100 tons, gross register cubic meters of permanently enclosed space 2.831 684 7 tons, long (deadweight) avoirdupois ounces 35,840 tons, long (deadweight) avoirdupois pounds 2,240 tons, long (deadweight) kilograms 1,016.046 909 8 tons, long (deadweight) long hundredweights 20 tons, long (deadweight) metric tons 1.016 046 908 8 tons, long (deadweight) short hundredweights 22.4 tons, long (deadweight) short tons 1.12 tons, metric avoirdupois pounds 2,204.623 tons, metric kilograms 1,000 tons, metric long hundredweights 19.684 130 3 tons, metric long tons 0.984 206 5 tons, metric quintals 10 tons, metric short hundredweights 22.046 23 tons, metric short tons 1.102 311 3 tons, metric troy ounces 32,150.75 tons, net register cubic feet of permanently enclosed space for cargo and passengers 100 tons, net register cubic meters of permanently enclosed space for cargo and passengers 2.831 684 7 tons, shipping cubic feet of permanently enclosed cargo space 42 tons, shipping cubic meters of permanently enclosed cargo space 1.189 307 574 tons, short avoirdupois pounds 2,000 tons, short kilograms 907.184 74 tons, short long hundredweights 17.857 14 tons, short long tons 0.892 857 1 tons, short metric tons 0.907 184 74 tons, short short hundredweights 20 townships (US) sections 36 townships (US) square kilometers 93.239 572 townships (US) square statute miles 36 miles, square statute acres 640 miles, square statute hectares 258.998 811 033 6 miles, square statute square feet 27,878,400 miles, square statute square meters 2,589,988.110 336 miles, square statute square yards 3,097,600 yards centimeters 91.44 yards feet 3 yards inches 36 yards meters 0.914 4 yards miles 0.000 568 18 yards, cubic bushels 21.696 227 yards, cubic cubic feet 27 yards, cubic cubic inches 46,656 yards, cubic cubic meters 0.764 554 857 984 yards, cubic gallons 201.974 0 yards, cubic liters 764.554 857 984 yards, cubic pecks 86.784 91 yards, square acres 0.000 206 611 6 yards, square hectares 0.000 083 612 736 yards, square square centimeters 8,361.273 6 yards, square square feet 9 yards, square square inches 1,296 yards, square square meters 0.836 127 36 yards, square square miles 0.000 000 322 830 6 _________________________________________________________________
Note: At this time, only three countries - Burma, Liberia, and the US - have not adopted the International System of Units (SI, or metric system) as their official system of weights and measures. Although use of the metric system has been sanctioned by law in the US since 1866, it has been slow in displacing the American adaptation of the British Imperial System known as the US Customary System. The US is the only industrialized nation that does not mainly use the metric system in its commercial and standards activities, but there is increasing acceptance in science, medicine, government, and many sectors of industry.
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@Appendix F: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes
FIPS 10-4: Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (FIPS PUB 10-4) is maintained by the Office of the Geographer and Global Issues (Department of State) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Department of Commerce). These two-character alphabetic codes are included in the text of the Factbook in the Data code entry under the Government category. FIPS 10-4 codes are intended for general use throughout the US Government, especially in activities associated with the mission of the Department of State and national defense programs.
ISO 3166: Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries (ISO 3166) is prepared by the International Organization for Standardization. ISO 3166 includes two- and three-character alphabetic codes and three-digit numeric codes that may be needed for activities involving exchange of data with international organizations that have adopted that standard. Except for the numeric codes, ISO 3166 codes have been adopted in the US as FIPS 104-1: American National Standard Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries, Dependencies, and Areas of Special Sovereignty for Information Interchange.
Internet: This is a provisional compilation that generally agrees with the ISO 3166 two-character alphabetic codes.
Entity FIPS 10-4 ISO 3166 Internet CommentAfghanistan AF AF AFG 004 AFAlbania AL AL ALB 008 ALAlgeria AG DZ DZA 012 DZAmerican Samoa AQ AS ASM 016ASAndorra AN AD AND 020 ADAngola AO AO AGO 024 AOAnguilla AV AI AIA 660 AIAntarctica AY AQ ATA 010 AQ ISO defines as the territory south of 60degrees south latitudeAntigua and Barbuda AC AG ATG 028 AGArgentina AR AR ARG 032 ARArmenia AM AM ARM 051 AMAruba AA AW ABW 533 AWAshmore and Cartier Islands AT — — — — ISO includes with AustraliaAustralia AS AU AUS 036 AU ISO includes Ashmore and CartierAustria AU AT AUT 040 ATAzerbaijan AJ AZ AZE 031 AZThe Bahamas BF BS BHS 044 BSBahrain BA BH BHR 048 BHBaker Island FQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying IslandsBangladesh BG BD BGD 050 BDBarbados BB BB BRB 052 BBBassas da India BS — — — — ISO includes with the Miscellaneous(French) Indian Ocean IslandsBelarus BO BY BLR 112 BYBelgium BE BE BEL 056 BEBelize BH BZ BLZ 084 BZBenin BN BJ BEN 204 BJBermuda BD BM BMU 060 BMBhutan BT BT BTN 064 BTBolivia BL BO BOL 068 BOBosnia and Herzegovina BK BA BIH 070 BABotswana BC BW BWA 072 BWBouvet Island BV BV BVT 074 BVBrazil BR BR BRA 076 BRBritish Indian Ocean Territory IO IO IOT 086 IOBritish Virgin Islands VI VG VGB 092 VGBrunei BX BN BRN 096 BNBulgaria BU BG BGR 100 BGBurkina Faso UV BF BFA 854 BFBurma BM MM MMR 104 MM ISO uses the name MyanmarBurundi BY BI BDI 108 BICambodia CB KH KHM 116 KHCameroon CM CM CMR 120 CMCanada CA CA CAN 124 CACape Verde CV CV CPV 132 CVCayman Islands CJ KY CYM 136 KYCentral African Republic CT CF CAF 140 CFChad CD TD TCD 148 TDChile CI CL CHL 152 CLChina CH CN CHN 156 CN see also TaiwanChristmas Island KT CX CXR 162 CXClipperton Island IP — — — — ISO includes with French PolynesiaCocos (Keeling) Islands CK CC CCK 166 CCColombia CO CO COL 170 COComoros CN KM COM 174 KMCongo, Democratic Republic of the CG ZR ZAR 180 ZR formerly ZaireCongo, Republic of the CF CG COG 178 CGCook Islands CW CK COK 184 CKCoral Sea Islands CR — — — — ISO includes with AustraliaCosta Rica CS CR CRI 188 CRCote d'Ivoire IV CI CIV 384 CICroatia HR HR HRV 191 HRCuba CU CU CUB 192 CUCyprus CY CY CYP 196 CYCzech Republic EZ CZ CZE 203 CZDenmark DA DK DNK 208 DKDjibouti DJ DJ DJI 262 DJDominica DO DM DMA 212 DMDominican Republic DR DO DOM 214 DOEast Timor - TP TMP 626 TP FIPS includes with IndonesiaEcuador EC EC ECU 218 ECEgypt EG EG EGY 818 EGEl Salvador ES SV SLV 222 SVEquatorial Guinea EK GQ GNQ 226 GQEritrea ER ER ERI 232 EREstonia EN EE EST 233 EEEthiopia ET ET ETH 231 ETEuropa Island EU — — — — ISO includes with the MiscellaneousFalkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) FA FK FLK 238 FKFaroe Islands FO FO FRO 234 FOFiji FJ FJ FJI 242 FJFinland FI FI FIN 246 FIFrance FR FR FRA 250 FRFrance, Metropolitan — FX FXX 249 FX ISO limits to the European partof France, excluding French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southernand Antarctic Lands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia,Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and FutunaFrench Guiana FG GF GUF 254 GFFrench Polynesia FP PF PYF 258 PF ISO includes Clipperton IslandFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands FS TF ATF 260 — FIPS 10-4 doesnot include the French-claimed portion of Antarctica (Terre Adelie)Gabon GB GA GAB 266 GAThe Gambia GA GM GMB 270 GMGaza Strip GZ - - - -Georgia GG GE GEO 268 GEGermany GM DE DEU 276 DEGhana GH GH GHA 288 GHGibraltar GI GI GIB 292 GIGlorioso Islands GO — — — — ISO includes with the Miscellaneous(French) Indian Ocean IslandsGreece GR GR GRC 300 GRGreenland GL GL GRL 304 GLGrenada GJ GD GRD 308 GDGuadeloupe GP GP GLP 312 GPGuam GQ GU GUM 316 GUGuatemala GT GT GTM 320 GTGuernsey GK — — — — ISO includes with the United KingdomGuinea GV GN GIN 324 GNGuinea-Bissau PU GW GNB 624 GWGuyana GY GY GUY 328 GYHaiti HA HT HTI 332 HTHeard Island and McDonald Islands HM HM HMD 334 HMHoly See (Vatican City) VT VA VAT 336 VAHonduras HO HN HND 340 HNHong Kong HK HK HKG 344 HKHowland Island HQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor OutlyingIslandsHungary HU HU HUN 348 HUIceland IC IS ISL 352 ISIndia IN IN IND 356 INIndonesia ID ID IDN 360 IDIran IR IR IRN 364 IRIraq IZ IQ IRQ 368 IQIreland EI IE IRL 372 IEIsrael IS IL ISR 376 ILItaly IT IT ITA 380 ITJamaica JM JM JAM 388 JMJan Mayen JN — — — — ISO includes with SvalbardJapan JA JP JPN 392 JPJarvis Island DQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor OutlyingIslandsJersey JE — — — — ISO includes with the United KingdomJohnston Atoll JQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor OutlyingIslandsJordan JO JO JOR 400 JOJuan de Nova Island JU — — — — ISO includes with the Miscellaneous(French) Indian Ocean IslandsKazakhstan KZ KZ KAZ 398 KZKenya KE KE KEN 404 KEKingman Reef KQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor OutlyingIslandsKiribati KR KI KIR 296 KIKorea, North KN KP PRK 408 KPKorea, South KS KR KOR 410 KRKuwait KU KW KWT 414 KWKyrgyzstan KG KG KGZ 417 KGLaos LA LA LAO 418 LALatvia LG LV LVA 428 LVLebanon LE LB LBN 422 LBLesotho LT LS LSO 426 LSLiberia LI LR LBR 430 LRLibya LY LY LBY 434 LYLiechtenstein LS LI LIE 438 LILithuania LH LT LTU 440 LTLuxembourg LU LU LUX 442 LUMacau MC MO MAC 446 MOMacedonia, The Republic of MK MK MKD 807 MKMadagascar MA MG MDG 450 MGMalawi MI MW MWI 454 MWMalaysia MY MY MYS 458 MYMaldives MV MV MDV 462 MVMali ML ML MLI 466 MLMalta MT MT MLT 470 MTMan, Isle of IM — — — — ISO includes with the United KingdomMarshall Islands RM MH MHL 584 MHMartinique MB MQ MTQ 474 MQMauritania MR MR MRT 478 MRMauritius MP MU MUS 480 MUMayotte MF YT MYT 175 YTMexico MX MX MEX 484 MXMicronesia, Federated States of FM FM FSM 583 FMMidway Islands MQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor OutlyingIslandsMiscellaneous (French) — — — — ISO includes Bassas da India,Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin IslandMoldova MD MD MDA 498 MDMonaco MN MC MCO 492 MCMongolia MG MN MNG 496 MNMontenegro* MW — — — — see footnote at end of tableMontserrat MH MS MSR 500 MSMorocco MO MA MAR 504 MAMozambique MZ MZ MOZ 508 MZMyanmar — — — — — see BurmaNamibia WA NA NAM 516 NANauru NR NR NRU 520 NRNavassa Island BQ - - - -Nepal NP NP NPL 524 NPNetherlands NL NL NLD 528 NLNetherlands Antilles NT AN ANT 530 ANNew Caledonia NC NC NCL 540 NCNew Zealand NZ NZ NZL 554 NZNicaragua NU NI NIC 558 NINiger NG NE NER 562 NENigeria NI NG NGA 566 NGNiue NE NU NIU 570 NUNorfolk Island NF NF NFK 574 NFNorthern Mariana Islands CQ MP MNP 580 MPNorway NO NO NOR 578 NOOman MU OM OMN 512 OMPakistan PK PK PAK 586 PKPalau PS PW PLW 585 PWPalmyra Atoll LQ — — — — ISO includes with the US Minor OutlyingIslandsPanama PM PA PAN 591 PAPapua New Guinea PP PG PNG 598 PGParacel Islands PF - - - -Paraguay PA PY PRY 600 PYPeru PE PE PER 604 PEPhilippines RP PH PHL 608 PHPitcairn Islands PC PN PCN 612 PNPoland PL PL POL 616 PLPortugal PO PT PRT 620 PTPuerto Rico RQ PR PRI 630 PRQatar QA QA QAT 634 QAReunion RE RE REU 638 RERomania RO RO ROM 642 RORussia RS RU RUS 643 RURwanda RW RW RWA 646 RWSaint Helena SH SH SHN 654 SHSaint Kitts and Nevis SC KN KNA 659 KNSaint Lucia ST LC LCA 662 LCSaint Pierre and Miquelon SB PM SPM 666 PMSaint Vincent and the Grenadines VC VC VCT 670 VCSamoa WS WS WSM 882 WSSan Marino SM SM SMR 674 SMSao Tome and Principe TP ST STP 678 STSaudi Arabia SA SA SAU 682 SASenegal SG SN SEN 686 SNSerbia* SR — — — — see footnote at end of tableSerbia and Montenegro* — — — — — see footnote at end of tableSeychelles SE SC SYC 690 SCSierra Leone SL SL SLE 694 SLSingapore SN SG SGP 702 SGSlovakia LO SK SVK 703 SKSlovenia SI SI SVN 705 SISolomon Islands BP SB SLB 090 SBSomalia SO SO SOM 706 SOSouth Africa SF ZA ZAF 710 ZASouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands SX GS SGS 239 GSSpain SP ES ESP 724 ESSpratly Islands PG — — — —Sri Lanka CE LK LKA 144 LKSudan SU SD SDN 736 SDSuriname NS SR SUR 740 SRSvalbard SV SJ SJM 744 SJ ISO includes Jan MayenSwaziland WZ SZ SWZ 748 SZSweden SW SE SWE 752 SESwitzerland SZ CH CHE 756 CHSyria SY SY SYR 760 SYTaiwan TW TW TWN 158 TWTajikistan TI TJ TJK 762 TJTanzania TZ TZ TZA 834 TZThailand TH TH THA 764 THTogo TO TG TGO 768 TGTokelau TL TK TKL 772 TKTonga TN TO TON 776 TOTrinidad and Tobago TD TT TTO 780 TTTromelin Island TE — — — — ISO includes with the Miscellaneous(French) Indian Ocean IslandsTunisia TS TN TUN 788 TNTurkey TU TR TUR 792 TRTurkmenistan TX TM TKM 795 TMTurks and Caicos Islands TK TC TCA 796 TCTuvalu TV TV TUV 798 TVUganda UG UG UGA 800 UGUkraine UP UA UKR 804 UAUnited Arab Emirates TC AE ARE 784 AEUnited Kingdom UK GB GBR 826 UK/GB ISO includes Guernsey, Isle of Man, JerseyUnited States US US USA 840 USUnited States Minor Outlying Islands - UM UMI 581 UM ISO includes BakerIsland, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef,Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Wake IslandUruguay UY UY URY 858 UYUzbekistan UZ UZ UZB 860 UZVanuatu NH VU VUT 548 VUVenezuela VE VE VEN 862 UEVietnam VM VN VNM 704 VNVirgin Islands VQ VI VIR 850 VIVirgin Islands (UK) - - - - - see British Virgin IslandsVirgin Islands (US) - - - - - see Virgin IslandsWake Island WQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying IslandsWallis and Futuna WF WF WLF 876 WFWest Bank WE - - - -Western Sahara WI EH ESH 732 EHWestern Samoa - - - - - see SamoaWorld - - - - - the Factbook uses the W data code fromDIAM 65-18 Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features, Data StandardNo. 3, December 1994, published by the Defense Intelligence AgencyYemen YM YE YEM 887 YEYugoslavia* - YU YUG 891 YU see footnote at end of tableZaire - - - - - see Democratic Republic of the CongoZambia ZA ZM ZWB 894 ZMZimbabwe ZI ZW ZWE 716 ZW_________________________________________________________________
*Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation.
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@Appendix G: Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes
IHO 23-4th: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23, Draft 4th Edition 1986, published by the International Hydrographic Bureau of the International Hydrographic Organization
IHO 23-3rd: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23, 3rdEdition 1953, published by the International Hydrographic Organization
ACIC M 49-1: Chart of Limits of Seas and Oceans, revised January 1958,published by the Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (ACIC),United States Air Force; note - ACIC is now part of the NationalImagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
DIAM 65-18: Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features, DataStandard No. 4, Defense Intelligence Agency Manual 65-18, December1994, published by the Defense Intelligence Agency
The US Government has not yet adopted a standard for hydrographic codes similar to the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 10-4 country codes. The names and limits of the following oceans and seas are not always directly comparable because of differences in the customers, needs, and requirements of the individual organizations. Even the number of principal water bodies varies from organization to organization. Factbook users, for example, find the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean entries useful, but none of the following standards include those oceans in their entirety. Nor is there any provision for combining codes or overcodes to aggregate water bodies. The recently delimited Southern Ocean is not included.
Principal Oceans and Seas of the World With Hydrographic Codes byInstitution IHO23-4th IHO23-3rd* ACICM 49-1 DIAM65-18Arctic Ocean 9 17 A 5AAtlantic Ocean - - - -North Atlantic Ocean 1 23 B 1ASouth Atlantic Ocean 4 32 C 2ABaltic Sea 2 1 B26 7BIndian Ocean 5 45 F 6AMediterranean Sea 3.1 28 B11 -Eastern Mediterranean 3.1.2 28 B - 8EWestern Mediterranean 3.1.1 28 A - 8WPacific Ocean - - - -North Pacific Ocean 7 57 D 3ASouth Pacific Ocean 8 61 E 4ASouth China and Eastern Archipelagic Seas 6 49, 48 D18 plus others 3Uplus others
Oceans and Seas of the World With Hydrographic Codes by InstitutionIHO23-4th IHO23-3rd* ACICM 49-1 DIAM65-18ARCTIC OCEAN 9 17 A 5AEast Siberian Sea 9.1 11 A6 5SLaptev Sea 9.2 10 A5 5PKara Sea 9.3 9 A4 5KBarents Sea 9.4 7 A2 5BWhite Sea 9.5 8 A3 5WNorth Greenland Sea 9.6 - - -Norwegian Sea 9.7 6 B30 5NIceland Sea 9.8 - - -Davis Strait 9.9 15 B2 1VHudson Strait 9.10 16 A A15 1UHudson Bay 9.11 16 A10 1HBaffin Bay 9.12 14 A A12 1PLincoln Sea 9.13 17 A A13 5LNorthwest Passages(Northwest Passage, Northwestern Passages) 9.14 14 A9 5TBeaufort Sea 9.15 13 A8 5UChukchi Sea 9.16 12 A7 5CJames Bay - - A11 -Kane Basin - - A14 -
ATLANTIC OCEAN(see North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean) - - - -
BALTIC SEA 2 1 B26 7BGulf of Bothnia 2.1 1 (a) B29 7TGulf of Finland 2.2 1 (b) B28 7FGulf of Riga 2.3 1 (c) B27 7HThe Sound 2.4 2 - -The Great Belt 2.5 2 - -The Little Belt 2.6 2 - -Kattegat 2.7 2 B25 7K
INDIAN OCEAN 5 45 F 6AMozambique Channel 5.1 45 A F1 6ZGulf of Suez 5.2 35 F5 6WGulf of Aqaba 5.3 36 - 6QRed Sea 5.4 37 F4 6EGulf of Aden 5.5 38 F3 6DPersian Gulf(Gulf of Iran) 5.6 41 F7 6PGulf of Oman 5.7 40 F6 6MArabian Sea 5.8 39 F2 6RLaccadive Sea (Lakshadweep Sea) 5.9 42 F9 6LGulf of Mannar 5.10 - F8 -Palk Strait and Palk Bay 5.11 - - -Bay of Bengal 5.12 43 F10 6BAndaman Sea (Burma Sea) 5.13 44 F11 6NStrait of Malacca (Malacca Strait) 5.14 46 (a) F12 6CGreat Australian Bight 5.15 62 F21 6GSuez Canal - - - 6U
MEDITERRANEAN REGION 3 - - -Mediterranean Sea 3.1 28 B11 -Mediterranean Sea, Western Basin 3.1.1 28 A - 8WStrait of Gibraltar 3.1.1.1 28 (a) B7 8SAlboran Sea 3.1.1.2 28 (b) - 8YBalearic Sea (Balear Sea, Iberian Sea) 3.1.1.3 28 (c) B9 8JLigurian Sea (Ligure Sea) 3.1.1.4 28 (d) B10 8LTyrrhenian Sea (Tirreno Sea) 3.1.1.5 28 (e) B12 8TMediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin 3.1.2 28 B - 8EAdriatic Sea 3.1.2.1 28 (g) B14 8DStrait of Sicily (Strait of Sicilia) 3.1.2.2 - - -Ionian Sea 3.1.2.3 28 (f) B13 8NAegean Sea 3.1.2.4 28 (h) B15 8GSea of Marmara 3.2 29 B16 8MBlack Sea 3.3 30 B17 8BSea of Azov 3.4 31 B18 8ZGulf of Lion (Gulf of Lions) - - B8 8XAral Sea - - - 8RBosporus - - - 8PCaspian Sea - - - 8CDardanelles - - - 8U
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN 1 23 B 1ASkagerrak 1.1 3 B24 1SNorth Sea 1.2 4 B23 1NInner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland 1.3 18 - 1KIrish Sea and Saint Georges Channel 1.4 19 B22 1R, 1QBristol Channel 1.5 20 B21 1CCeltic Sea 1.6 21 A - -English Channel 1.7 21 B20 1EBay of Biscay 1.8 22 B19 1BCanarias Sea 1.9 - - -Gulf of Guinea 1.1 34 C4 1GCaribbean Sea 1.11 27 B6 1XGulf of Mexico 1.12 26 B5 1MBay of Fundy 1.13 25 B4 1FGulf of Saint Lawrence 1.14 24 B3 1TLabrador Sea 1.15 15 A - 1LGreenland Sea 1.16 5 A1 5GDenmark Strait - - B1 1DLake Erie - - - 9ELake Huron - - - 9HLake Michigan - - - 9MLake Ontario - - - 9NLake Superior - - - 9SPanama Canal - - - 1JSaint Lawrence Seaway - - - 9L
NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 7 57 D 3APhilippine Sea 7.1 56 D26 3PTaiwan Strait (Formosa Strait) 7.2 - D17 3FEast China Sea (Tung Hai) 7.3 50 D13 3EYellow Sea (Huang Hai, Hwang Hai) 7.4 51 D14 3YBo Hai (Bo Sea, Gulf of Chihli) 7.5 - D16 3XLiaodong Wan (Liaodong Gulf) 7.6 - - -Inland Sea of Japan (Seto Naikai) 7.7 53 - 3NSea of Japan (Japan Sea) 7.8 52 D11 3JGulf of Tartary 7.9 - D10 -Sea of Okhotsk 7.10 54 D8 3QBering Sea 7.11 55 D6 5DAnadyrskiy Zaliv (Anadyrskiy Gulf) 7.12 - - 5YGulf of Alaska 7.13 58 D4 5FCoastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia 7.14 59 D3 5EGulf of California 7.15 60 D2 3LGulf of Panama 7.16 - D1 -Amurskiy Liman - - D27 -Bering Strait - - D7 5RBristol Bay - - D5 -Korea Bay - - D15 3RKorea Strait - - D12 -Sakhalinskiy Zaliv - - D28 3BZaliv Shelikhova(Zaliv Shelekhova) - - D9 3KLuzon Strait - - - 3ITatar Strait - - - 3D
PACIFIC OCEAN(see North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean)
-
-
-
-
SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN 4 32 C 2ARio de la Plata 4.1 33 C1 2RDrake Passage - - C5 2DGolfo San Matias - - C2 2MGolfo San Jorge - - C3 2JScotia Sea - - C6 2SWeddell Sea - - C7 2W
SOUTH CHINA AND EASTERNARCHIPELAGIC SEAS 6 49 and 48 D18 plus others 3U plus othersSouth China Sea (Nan Hai) 6.1 49 D18 3UGulf of Tonkin 6.2 - D19 3GGulf of Thailand (Gulf of Siam) 6.3 47 D20 3TNatuna Sea 6.4 - - -Singapore Strait 6.5 46 (b) - 3ZSunda Strait 6.6 - - -Java Sea (Jawa Sea) 6.7 48 (n) F13 4JMakassar Strait (Makasar Strait) 6.8 48 (m) E1 4MBali Sea 6.9 48 (l) F14 4LFlores Sea 6.10 48 (j) F16 4FSumba Strait 6.11 - - -Savu Sea (Sawu Sea) 6.12 48 (o) F15 6STimor Sea 6.13 48 (i) F19 6TJoseph Bonaparte Gulf 6.14 - F20 -Gulf of Carpentaria 6.15 - E4 4PArafura Sea 6.16 48 (h) E3 4UAru Sea 6.17 - - -Banda Sea 6.18 48 (g) E2 4BTeluk Bone (Gulf of Bone, Gulf of Boni) 6.19 48 (k) F17 4ECeram Sea (Seram Sea) 6.20 48 (f) D25 4QGulf of Berau 6.21 - - -Halmahera Sea 6.22 48 (e) D24 3HMolucca Sea (Molukka Sea, Maluku Sea) 6.23 48 (c) D23 3MTeluk Tomini (Gulf of Tomini) 6.24 48 (d) F18 3VSulawesi Sea 6.25 - - -Mindanao Sea 6.26 - - -Sulu Sea 6.27 48 (a) D21 3SCelebes Sea - 48 (b) D22 3C
SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN 8 61 E 4ABismarck Sea 8.1 66 E6 4KSolomon Sea 8.2 65 E7 4STorres Strait 8.3 - E5 -Coastal Waters of Great Barrier Reefs 8.4 - - -Coral Sea 8.5 64 E9 4CTasman Sea 8.6 63 E10 4TBass Strait 8.7 62 A F22 6FAmundsen Sea - - E12 4DBellingshausen Sea - - E13 4GCook Strait - - E8 -Ross Sea - - E11 4R
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@Appendix H: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names
This list indicates where various geographic names - including the location of all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities - can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are normally those approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Additional information is included in brackets.