South Africa:After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to foundtheir own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold(1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified thesubjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted Britishencroachments, but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902). Theresulting Union of South Africa operated under a policy of apartheid- the separate development of the races. The 1990s brought an end toapartheid politically and ushered in black majority rule.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:The islands lieapproximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands. Grytviken, onSouth Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station.The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en routeto his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returnedsome 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat andarranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded offthe Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expeditionand is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses a smallmilitary garrison. The islands have large bird and seal populationsand, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks inadjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishingzone from 12 miles to 200 miles around each island.
Southern Ocean:A decision by the International HydrographicOrganization in the spring of 2000 delimited a fifth world ocean -the Southern Ocean - from the southern portions of the AtlanticOcean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extendsfrom the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitudewhich coincides with the Antarctic Treaty Limit. The Southern Oceanis now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after thePacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than theArctic Ocean).
Spain:Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuriesultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequentfailure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions causedthe country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economicand political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II,but suffered through a devastating Civil War (1936-39). In thesecond half of the 20th century, it has played a catch-up role inthe western international community. Continuing concerns arelarge-scale unemployment and the Basque separatist movement.
Spratly Islands:Rich fishing grounds and the potential for gas andoil deposits have caused this archipelago to be claimed in itsentirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimedby Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties have occupiedcertain islands or reefs, and occasional clashes have occurredbetween Chinese and Vietnamese naval forces
Sri Lanka:Occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century and theDutch in the 17th century, the island was ceded to the British in1802. As Ceylon it became independent in 1948; its name was changedin 1972. Tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamilseparatists erupted in violence in the mid-1980s. Tens of thousandshave died in an ethnic war that continues to fester.
Sudan:Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic governmenthave mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956.Over the past two decades, a civil war pitting black Christians andanimists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has costat least 1.5 million lives in war- and famine-related deaths, aswell as the displacement of millions of others.
Suriname:Independence from the Netherlands was granted in 1975.Five years later the civilian government was replaced by a militaryregime that soon declared a socialist republic. It continued to rulethrough a succession of nominally civilian administrations until1987, when international pressure finally brought about a democraticelection. In 1989, the military overthrew the civilian government,but a democratically elected government returned to power in 1991.
Svalbard:First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century,the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17thand 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920;five years later it officially took over the territory.
Swaziland:Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteedby the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured themonarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allowpolitical reform and greater democracy.
Sweden:A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has notparticipated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutralitywas preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economicformula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfareelements has recently been undermined by high unemployment, risingmaintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets.Indecision over the country's role in the political and economicintegration of Europe caused Sweden not to join the EU until 1995,and to forgo the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Switzerland:Switzerland's independence and neutrality have longbeen honored by the major European powers and Switzerland was notinvolved in either of the two World Wars. The political and economicintegration of Europe over the past half century, as well asSwitzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, maybe rendering obsolete the country's concern for neutrality.
Syria:Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World WarI, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946.In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights toIsrael. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed in Lebanon,ostensibly in a peacekeeping capacity. In recent years, Syria andIsrael have held occasional peace talks over the return of the GolanHeights.
Tajikistan:Tajikistan has experienced three changes in governmentand a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 fromthe USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997,and implementation reportedly completed by late 1999. Part of theagreement required the legalization of opposition political partiesprior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such parties havemade little progress in successful participation in government.Random criminal and political violence in the country remains acomplication impairing Tajikistan's ability to engageinternationally.
Tanzania:Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar mergedto form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to anend in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the countrysince the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popularopposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, whichthe ruling party won despite international observers' claims ofvoting irregularities.
Thailand:A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14thcentury; it was known as Siam until 1939. Thailand is the onlysoutheast Asian country never to have been taken over by a Europeanpower. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutionalmonarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailandbecame a US ally following the conflict.
Togo:French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General GnassingbeEYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa'slongest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multipartyelections that resulted in EYADEMA's victory in 1993, the governmentcontinues to be dominated by the military. In addition, Togo hascome under fire from international organizations for human rightsabuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral andmultilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
Tokelau:Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surroundingisland groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectoratein 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in1925. According to a UN report, these low-lying islands willdisappear in the 21st century, if global warming continues to raisesea levels.
Tonga:The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into aPolynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired itsindependence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth ofNations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Trinidad and Tobago:The islands came under British control in the19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is oneof the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleumand natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly inTobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Tromelin Island:First explored by the French in 1776, the islandcame under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, itserves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an importantmeteorological station.
Tunisia:Following independence from France in 1956, President HabibBOURGIUBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated thecountry for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism andestablishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. Inrecent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance inits foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse risingpressure for a more open political society.
Turkey:Turkey was created in 1923 from the Turkish remnants of theOttoman Empire. Soon thereafter the country instituted secular lawsto replace traditional religious fiats. In 1945 Turkey joined the UNand in 1952 it became a member of NATO. Turkey occupied the northernportion of Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island;relations between the two countries remain strained. Periodicmilitary offensives against Kurdish separatists have dislocated partof the population in southeast Turkey and have drawn internationalcondemnation.
Turkmenistan:Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistanbecame a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence uponthe dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retainsabsolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated.Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon tothis underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects canbe worked out.
Turks and Caicos Islands:The islands were part of the UK's Jamaicancolony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crowncolony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamasoversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, theislands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independencewas agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islandsare presently a British overseas territory.
Tuvalu:In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of theGilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the ElliceIslands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the GilbertIslands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separateBritish colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000,Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv"for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years.
Uganda:Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. Thedictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for thedeaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rightsabuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed another 100,000 lives.During the 1990s the government promulgated non-party presidentialand legislative elections.
Ukraine:Richly endowed in natural resources, Ukraine has beenfought over and subjugated for centuries; its 20th-century strugglefor liberty is not yet complete. A short-lived independence fromRussia (1917-1920) was followed by brutal Soviet rule thatengineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in whichover 8 million died, and World War II, in which German and Sovietarmies were responsible for some 7 million more deaths. Althoughindependence was attained in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR,true freedom remains elusive as many of the former Soviet eliteremain entrenched, stalling efforts at economic reform,privatization, and civic liberties.
United Arab Emirates:The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coastgranted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19thcentury treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman,Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged toform the UAE. They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE'sper capita GDP is not far below those of the leading West Europeannations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreignpolicy stance have allowed it to play a vital role in the affairs ofthe region.
United Kingdom:Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritimepower of the 19th century, played a leading role in developingparliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. Atits zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of theearth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK'sstrength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second halfwitnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itselfinto a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of fivepermanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member ofNATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach toforeign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of itsintegration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose toremain outside of the European Monetary Union for the time being.Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK.Regional assemblies with varying degrees of power opened inScotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland in 1999.
United States:The United States became the world's first moderndemocracy after its break with Great Britain (1776) and the adoptionof a constitution (1789). During the 19th century, many new stateswere added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across theNorth American continent and acquired a number of overseaspossessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation'shistory were the Civil War (1861-65) and the Great Depression of the1930s. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of theCold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerfulnation-state. The economy is marked by steady growth, lowunemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.
Uruguay:A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros,launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree tomilitary control of his administration in 1973. By the end of theyear the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued toexpand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was notrestored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions areamong the freest on the continent.
Uzbekistan:Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century.Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventuallysuppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1925. During theSoviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grainled to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies,which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certainrivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks togradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing itsmineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include insurgencyby Islamic militants based in Tajikistan and Afghanistan, anon-convertible currency, and the curtailment of human rights anddemocratization.
Vanuatu:The British and French who settled the New Hebrides in the19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, whichadministered the islands until independence in 1980.
Venezuela:Venezuela was one of the three countries that emergedfrom the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others beingColombia and Ecuador). For most of the first half of the 20thcentury, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent militarystrongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some socialreforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since1959. Current concerns include: drug-related conflicts along theColombian border, increasing internal drug consumption,overdependence on the petroleum industry with its pricefluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that areendangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.
Vietnam:France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence wasdeclared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until1954 when they were defeated by communist forces under Ho Chi MINH,who took control of the north. US economic and military aid to SouthVietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster thegovernment, but US armed forces were withdrawn following acease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later North Vietnameseforces overran the south. Economic reconstruction of the reunitedcountry has proven difficult as aging Communist Party leaders haveonly grudgingly initiated reforms necessary for a free market.
Virgin Islands: During the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one English and the other Danish. Sugarcane, produced by slave labor, drove the islands' economy during the 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1917, the US purchased the Danish portion, which had been in economic decline since the abolition of slavery in 1848.
Wake Island:The US annexed Wake Island in 1899 for a cable station.An important air and naval base was constructed in 1940-41. InDecember 1941 the island was captured by the Japanese and held untilthe end of World War II. In subsequent years, Wake was developed asa stopover and refueling site for military and commercial aircrafttransiting the Pacific. Since 1974, the island's airstrip has beenused by the US military and some commercial cargo planes, as well asfor emergency landings. There are over 700 landings a year on theisland.
Wallis and Futuna:Although discovered by the Dutch and the Britishin the 17th and 18th centuries, it was the French who declared aprotectorate over the islands in 1842. In 1959, the inhabitants ofthe islands voted to become a French overseas territory.
West Bank:The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on InterimSelf-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceedingfive years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Stripand the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certainpowers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, whichincludes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January1996, as part of interim self-governing arrangements in the WestBank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities forthe Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area andin additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharmel-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retainresponsibility during the transitional period for external securityand for internal security and public order of settlements andIsraeli citizens. Permanent status is to be determined throughdirect negotiations, which resumed in September 1999 after athree-year hiatus. An intifadah broke out in September 2000; theresulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,Israel's military response, and instability in the PalestinianAuthority are undermining progress toward a permanent settlement.
Western Sahara:Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds ofWestern Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest ofthe territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. Aguerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat'ssovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final statushas been repeatedly postponed and is not expected to occur until atleast 2002.
World:Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastatingworld wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end ofvast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology,from the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (US) tothe landing on the moon; (e) the Cold War between the Westernalliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in livingstandards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increasedconcerns about the environment, including loss of forests, shortagesof energy and water, the drop in biological diversity, and airpollution; (h) the onset of the AIDS epidemic; and (i) the ultimateemergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet'spopulation continues to explode: from 1 billion in 1820, to 2billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in1988, and 6 billion in 2000. For the 21st century, the continuedexponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes(e.g., advances in medicine) and fears (e.g., development of evenmore lethal weapons of war).
Yemen:North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918.The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southernport of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what becameSouth Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted aMarxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands ofYemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades ofhostility between the states. The two countries were formallyunified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionistmovement in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia andYemen agreed to a delimitation of their border.
Yugoslavia:The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by NaziGermany in 1941 was resisted by various partisan bands that foughtthemselves as well as the invaders. The group headed by Marshal TITOtook full control upon German expulsion in 1945. Although communistin name, his new government successfully steered its own pathbetween the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and ahalf decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began tounravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, and The FormerYugoslav Republic of Macedonia all declared their independence in1991; Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. The remaining republics ofSerbia and Montenegro declared a new "Federal Republic ofYugoslavia" in 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbialed various military intervention efforts to unite Serbs inneighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." All of these effortswere ultimately unsuccessful. In 1999, massive expulsions by Serbsof ethnic Albanians living in the autonomous republic of Kosovoprovoked an international response, including the NATO bombing ofSerbia and the stationing of NATO and Russian peacekeepers inKosovo. Blatant attempts to manipulate presidential balloting inOctober of 2000 were followed by massive nationwide demonstrationsand strikes that saw the election winner, Vojislav KOSTUNICA,replace MILOSEVIC.
Zambia:The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by theSouth Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923.During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred developmentand immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and aprolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an endto one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatantharassment of opposition parties.
Zimbabwe:The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South AfricaCompany in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated to keep whitesin power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared itsindependence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demandedvoting rights for the black African majority in the country (thencalled Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally ledto free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980.Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been thecountry's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated thecountry's political system since independence.
Taiwan:In 1895, military defeat forced China to cede Taiwan toJapan, however it reverted to Chinese control after World War II.Following the communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 millionNationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government using the1947 constitution drawn up for all of China. Over the next fivedecades, the ruling authorities gradually democratized andincorporated the native population within its governing structure.Throughout this period, the island has prospered to become one ofEast Asia's economic "Tigers." The dominant political issuecontinues to be the relationship between Taiwan and China and thequestion of eventual reunification.
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@Birth rate
Afghanistan:41.42 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Albania:19.01 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Algeria:22.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
American Samoa:24.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Andorra:10.29 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Angola:46.54 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Anguilla:15.17 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda:19.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Argentina:18.41 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Armenia:11.47 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Aruba:12.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Australia:12.86 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Austria:9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan:18.44 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The:19.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bahrain:20.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bangladesh:25.3 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Barbados:13.47 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belarus:9.57 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belgium:10.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belize:31.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Benin:44.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bermuda:12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bhutan:35.73 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bolivia:27.27 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:12.86 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Botswana:28.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Brazil:18.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands:15.18 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Brunei:20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bulgaria:8.06 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso:44.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burma:20.13 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burundi:40.13 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cambodia:33.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cameroon:36.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Canada:11.21 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cape Verde:28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands:13.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Central African Republic:37.05 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Chad:48.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Chile:16.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
China:15.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Christmas Island:NA births/1,000 population
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:NA births/1,000 population
Colombia:22.41 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Comoros:39.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 46.02 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the:38.24 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Costa Rica:20.27 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:40.38 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Croatia:12.82 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cuba:12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cyprus:13.08 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Czech Republic:9.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Denmark:11.96 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Djibouti:40.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Dominica:17.81 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic:24.77 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ecuador:25.99 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Egypt:24.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
El Salvador:28.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea:37.72 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Eritrea:42.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Estonia:8.7 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ethiopia:44.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):NA births/1,000 population
Faroe Islands:13.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Fiji:23.33 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Finland:10.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
France:12.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
French Guiana:22.02 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
French Polynesia:18.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gabon:27.42 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gambia, The:41.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip:42.48 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Georgia:11.18 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Germany:9.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ghana:28.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gibraltar:11.25 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Greece:9.83 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Greenland:16.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Grenada:23.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe:16.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guam:25.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guatemala:34.61 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guernsey:9.9 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guinea:39.78 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau:39.29 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guyana:17.92 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Haiti:31.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Honduras:31.94 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Hong Kong:11.13 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Hungary:9.32 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iceland:14.62 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
India:24.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Indonesia:22.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iran:17.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iraq:34.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ireland:14.57 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Israel:19.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Italy:9.05 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jamaica:18.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Japan:10.04 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jersey:11.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jordan:25.44 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan:17.3 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kenya:28.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kiribati:31.98 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Korea, North:19.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Korea, South:14.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kuwait:21.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:26.18 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Laos:37.84 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Latvia:8.03 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lebanon:20.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lesotho:31.24 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Liberia:46.55 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Libya:27.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein:11.53 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lithuania:10 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Luxembourg:12.25 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Macau:12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 13.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Madagascar:42.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Malawi:37.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Malaysia:24.75 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Maldives:38.15 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mali:48.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Malta:12.75 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of:11.58 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Marshall Islands:45.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Martinique:15.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mauritania:42.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mauritius:16.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mayotte:44.39 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mexico:22.77 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Moldova:13.35 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Monaco:9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mongolia:21.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Montserrat:17.43 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Morocco:24.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Mozambique:37.2 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Namibia:34.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nauru:27.22 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nepal:33.4 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Netherlands:11.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles:16.55 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
New Caledonia:20.37 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
New Zealand:14.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nicaragua:27.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Niger:50.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Nigeria:39.69 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Niue:NA births/1,000 population
Norfolk Island:NA births/1,000 population
Northern Mariana Islands:20.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Norway:12.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Oman:37.96 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pakistan:31.21 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Palau:19.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Panama:19.06 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea:32.15 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Paraguay:30.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Peru:23.9 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Philippines:27.37 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands:NA births/1,000 population
Poland:10.2 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Portugal:11.51 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico:15.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Qatar:15.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Reunion:21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Romania:10.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Russia:9.35 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Rwanda:33.97 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Helena:13.49 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis:18.78 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia:21.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:15.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 17.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Samoa:15.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
San Marino:10.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe:42.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia:37.34 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Senegal:37.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Seychelles:17.66 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone:45.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Singapore:12.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Slovakia:10.05 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Slovenia:9.32 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands:34.05 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Somalia:47.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
South Africa:21.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Spain:9.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka:16.58 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sudan:37.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Suriname:20.53 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Svalbard:NA births/1,000 population
Swaziland:40.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sweden:9.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Switzerland:10.12 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Syria:30.64 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tajikistan:33.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tanzania:39.65 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Thailand:16.63 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Togo:37.04 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tokelau:NA births/1,000 population
Tonga:23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago:13.73 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tunisia:17.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Turkey:18.31 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan:28.55 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands:24.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Tuvalu:21.56 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Uganda:47.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ukraine:9.31 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates:18.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
United Kingdom:11.54 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
United States:14.2 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Uruguay:17.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan:26.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Vanuatu:25.4 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Venezuela:20.65 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Vietnam:21.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands:15.9 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna:NA births/1,000 population
West Bank:35.83 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
World:21.37 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Yemen:43.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia:12.61 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Zambia:41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe:24.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Taiwan:14.31 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Budget
Afghanistan: revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Albania:revenues: $393 million
expenditures: $676 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997 est.)
Algeria:revenues: $15.8 billion
expenditures: $16 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.3billion (2001 est.)
American Samoa:revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and63% in US grants)
expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY96/97)
Andorra:revenues: $385 million
expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997)
Angola:revenues: $928 million
expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963million (1992 est.)
Anguilla:revenues: $20.4 million
expenditures: $23.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.8million (1997 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda:revenues: $122.6 million
expenditures: $141.2 million, including capital expenditures of$17.3 million (1997 est.)
Argentina:revenues: $44 billion
expenditures: $48 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Armenia:revenues: $360 million
expenditures: $566 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Aruba:revenues: $NA
expenditures: $541 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Australia:revenues: $94 billion
expenditures: $103 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Austria:revenues: $56.3 billion
expenditures: $60.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Azerbaijan:revenues: $777 million
expenditures: $995 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Bahamas, The:revenues: $766 million
expenditures: $845 million, including capital expenditures of $97million (FY97/98)
Bahrain:revenues: $1.8 billion
expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2001 est.)
Bangladesh:revenues: $4.9 billion
expenditures: $6.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY99/00 est.)
Barbados:revenues: $725.5 million
expenditures: $750.6 million, including capital expenditures of$126.3 million (FY97/98 est.)
Belarus:revenues: $4 billion
expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $180million (1997 est.)
Belgium:revenues: $114.8 billion
expenditures: $117 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.6billion (1999)
Belize:revenues: $157 million
expenditures: $279 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Benin:revenues: $299 million
expenditures: $445 million, including capital expenditures of $14million (1995 est.)
Bermuda:revenues: $504.6 million
expenditures: $537 million, including capital expenditures of $75million (FY97/98)
Bhutan:revenues: $146 million
expenditures: $152 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY95/96 est.)
note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths ofBhutan's budget expenditures
Bolivia:revenues: $2.7 billion
expenditures: $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1998)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:revenues: $1.9 billion
expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Botswana:revenues: $1.6 billion
expenditures: $1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $560million (FY96)
Brazil:revenues: $151 billion
expenditures: $149 billion, including capital expenditures of $36billion (1998)
British Virgin Islands:revenues: $121.5 million
expenditures: $115.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997)
Brunei:revenues: $2.5 billion
expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35billion (1997 est.)
Bulgaria:revenues: $4.85 billion
expenditures: $4.92 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Burkina Faso:revenues: $277 million
expenditures: $492 million, including capital expenditures of $233million (1995 est.)
Burma:revenues: $7.9 billion
expenditures: $12.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7billion (FY96/97)
Burundi:revenues: $125 million
expenditures: $176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Cambodia:revenues: $363 million
expenditures: $532 million, including capital expenditures of $225million (2000 est.)
Cameroon:revenues: $2.1 billion
expenditures: $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY00/01 est.)
Canada:revenues: $126.1 billion
expenditures: $125.3 billion, including capital expenditures of$14.8 billion (2000)
Cape Verde:revenues: $188 million
expenditures: $228 million, including capital expenditures of $116million (1996)
Cayman Islands:revenues: $265.2 million
expenditures: $248.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997)
Central African Republic:revenues: $638 million
expenditures: $1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $888million (1994 est.)
Chad:revenues: $198 million
expenditures: $218 million, including capital expenditures of $146million (1998 est.)
Chile:revenues: $16 billion
expenditures: $17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
China:revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Christmas Island: revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Colombia:revenues: $22 billion
expenditures: $24 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Comoros:revenues: $48 million
expenditures: $53 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:revenues: $269 million
expenditures: $244 million, including capital expenditures of $24million (1996 est.)
Congo, Republic of the:revenues: $870 million
expenditures: $970 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997 est.)
Cook Islands:revenues: $25 million
expenditures: $23 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY 99/00)
Costa Rica:revenues: $1.95 billion
expenditures: $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:revenues: $1.5 billion
expenditures: $2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $420million (2000 est.)
Croatia:revenues: $6 billion
expenditures: $4.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Cuba:revenues: $13.5 billion
expenditures: $14.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2000 est.)
Cyprus:revenues: Greek Cypriot area - $2.9 billion (2000 est.);Turkish Cypriot area - $294 million (2000 est.)
expenditures: Greek Cypriot area - $3.2 billion, including capitalexpenditures of $324 million (2000 est.); Turkish Cypriot $495million, including capital expenditures of $60 million (2000 est.)
Czech Republic:revenues: $16.7 billion
expenditures: $18 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(2001 est.)
Denmark:revenues: $52.9 billion
expenditures: $51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500million (2001 est.)
Djibouti:revenues: $133 million
expenditures: $187 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Dominica:revenues: $72 million
expenditures: $79.9 million, including capital expenditures of$11.5 million (FY97/98)
Dominican Republic:revenues: $2.3 billion
expenditures: $2.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $867million (1999 est.)
Ecuador:revenues: planned $5.1 billion (not including revenue frompotential privatizations)
expenditures: $5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999)
Egypt:revenues: $22.6 billion
expenditures: $26.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY99)
El Salvador:revenues: $1.8 billion
expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea:revenues: $47 million
expenditures: $43 million, including capital expenditures of $7million (1996 est.)
Eritrea:revenues: $283.9 million
expenditures: $351.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997 est.)
Estonia:revenues: $1.37 billion
expenditures: $1.37 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1997 est.)
Ethiopia:revenues: $1 billion
expenditures: $1.48 billion, including capital expenditures of $415million (FY96/97)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):revenues: $66.2 million
expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of$23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Faroe Islands:revenues: $488 million
expenditures: $484 million, including capital expenditures of $21million (1999)
Fiji:revenues: $610 million
expenditures: $501 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1999 est.)
Finland:revenues: $36.1 billion