India:26 January 1950
Indonesia:August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Iran:2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of thepresidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraq:22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 (provisionalconstitution); new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted
Ireland:29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite
Israel:no formal constitution; some of the functions of aconstitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israelicitizenship law
Italy:1 January 1948
Jamaica:6 August 1962
Japan:3 May 1947
Jersey:unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan:8 January 1952
Kazakhstan:adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; firstpost-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
Kenya:12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued withamendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1997
Kiribati:12 July 1979
Korea, North:adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972,revised again in April 1992 and September 1998
Korea, South:25 February 1988
Kuwait:approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstan:adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed byPresident AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at theexpense of the legislature
Laos:promulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia:the 1991 Constitutional Law which supplements the 1922constitution, provides for basic rights and freedoms
Lebanon:23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recentlyCharter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Taif Accord) of October1989
Lesotho:2 April 1993
Liberia:6 January 1986
Libya:11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Liechtenstein:5 October 1921
Lithuania:adopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg:17 October 1868, occasional revisions
Macau:Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's NationalPeople's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:adopted 17 November1991, effective 20 November 1991
note: Democratic Party for Albanians (DPA), which is now a member party of the government, is calling for a rewrite of the constitution to declare ethnic Albanians a constituent national group and allow for greater regional autonomy
Madagascar:19 August 1992 by national referendum
Malawi:18 May 1994
Malaysia:31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963
Maldives:adopted January 1998
Mali:adopted 12 January 1992
Malta:1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974
Man, Isle of:unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act,1961, does not embody the Manx Constitution
Marshall Islands:1 May 1979
Martinique:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Mauritania:12 July 1991
Mauritius:12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico:5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of:10 May 1979
Moldova:new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Sovietconstitution of 1979
Monaco:17 December 1962
Mongolia:12 February 1992
Montserrat:present constitution came into force 19 December 1989
Morocco:10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to createbicameral legislature) September 1996
Mozambique:30 November 1990
Namibia:ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990
Nauru:29 January 1968
Nepal:9 November 1990
Netherlands:adopted 1814; amended many times, last time 17 February1983
Netherlands Antilles:29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of theNetherlands, as amended
New Caledonia:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealand:consists of a series of legal documents, includingcertain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and TheConstitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
Nicaragua:9 January 1987, with reforms in 1995 and 2000
Niger:the constitution of January 1993 was revised by nationalreferendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Nigeria:NA 1999 new constitution adopted
Niue:19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk Island:Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Northern Mariana Islands:Covenant Agreement effective 4 November1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the NorthernMariana Islands effective 1 January 1978
Norway:17 May 1814, modified in 1884
Oman:none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royaldecree promulgating a new basic law which, among other things,clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, barsministers from holding interests in companies doing business withthe government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guaranteesbasic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan:10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored withamendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999
Palau:1 January 1981
Panama:11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983 and 1994
Papua New Guinea:16 September 1975
Paraguay:promulgated 20 June 1992
Peru:31 December 1993
Philippines:2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands:1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964
Poland:16 October 1997; adopted by the National Assembly 2 April1997; passed by national referendum 23 May 1997
Portugal:25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5November 1992, and 3 September 1997
Puerto Rico:ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July1952; effective 25 July 1952
Qatar:provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanentconstitution
Reunion:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Romania:8 December 1991
Russia:adopted 12 December 1993
Rwanda:on 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted asFundamental Law the constitution of 18 June 1991, provisions of the1993 Arusha peace accord, the July 1994 Declaration by the RwandaPatriotic Front, and the November 1994 multiparty protocol ofunderstanding
Saint Helena:1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis:19 September 1983
Saint Lucia:22 February 1979
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:27 October 1979
Samoa:1 January 1962
San Marino:8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of thefunctions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principe:approved March 1990; effective 10 September1990
Saudi Arabia:governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the BasicLaw that articulates the government's rights and responsibilitieswas introduced in 1993
Senegal:3 March 1963, revised 1991
Seychelles:18 June 1993
Sierra Leone:1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Singapore:3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence Stateof Singapore Constitution)
Slovakia:ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993;changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president;amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EUmembership
Slovenia:adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
Solomon Islands:7 July 1978
Somalia:25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
note: the Transitional National Government formed in October 2000has a mandate to create a new constitution and hold elections withinthree years
South Africa:10 December 1996; this new constitution was certifiedby the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by thenPresident MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:adopted 3 October 1985
Spain:6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Sri Lanka:adopted 16 August 1978
Sudan:12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985;interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partiallysuspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
Suriname:ratified 30 September 1987
Swaziland:none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, butwas not formally presented to the people; since then a few moreoutlines for a constitution have been compiled under theConstitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have beenaccepted
Sweden:1 January 1975
Switzerland:29 May 1874
Syria:13 March 1973
Tajikistan:6 November 1994
Tanzania:25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailand:new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October1997
Togo:multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of theRepublic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelau:administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, asamended in 1970
Tonga:4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago:1 August 1976
Tunisia:1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Turkey:7 November 1982
Turkmenistan:adopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos Islands: introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988
Tuvalu:1 October 1978
Uganda:8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-memberConstituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitutionthat had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly wasdissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Ukraine:adopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates:2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)
United Kingdom:unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law andpractice
United States:17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay:27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980;two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989and 7 January 1997
Uzbekistan:new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu:30 July 1980
Venezuela:30 December 1999
Vietnam:15 April 1992
Virgin Islands:Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen:16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Yugoslavia:27 April 1992
Zambia:2 August 1991
Zimbabwe:21 December 1979
Taiwan:1 January 1947, amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, and 1999
======================================================================
@Country name
Afghanistan:conventional long form: Islamic State of Afghanistan;note - the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the countryas Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
conventional short form: Afghanistan
local long form: Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan
local short form: Afghanestan
former: Republic of Afghanistan
Albania: conventional long form: Republic of Albania
conventional short form: Albania
local long form: Republika e Shqiperise
local short form: Shqiperia
former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Algeria:conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic ofAlgeria
conventional short form: Algeria
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah
local short form: Al Jaza'ir
American Samoa: conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa
conventional short form: American Samoa
abbreviation: AS
Andorra: conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
conventional short form: Andorra
local long form: Principat d'Andorra
local short form: Andorra
Angola: conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola
Anguilla: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Anguilla
Antarctica: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina: conventional long form: Argentine Republic
conventional short form: Argentina
local long form: Republica Argentina
local short form: Argentina
Armenia: conventional long form: Republic of Armenia
conventional short form: Armenia
local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
local short form: Hayastan
former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic
Aruba: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Aruba
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australia: conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia
conventional short form: Australia
Austria: conventional long form: Republic of Austria
conventional short form: Austria
local long form: Republik Oesterreich
local short form: Oesterreich
Azerbaijan: conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: none
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Bahamas, The: conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas
conventional short form: The Bahamas
Bahrain: conventional long form: State of Bahrain
conventional short form: Bahrain
local long form: Dawlat al Bahrayn
local short form: Al Bahrayn
former: Dilmun
Baker Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Baker Island
Bangladesh: conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh
conventional short form: Bangladesh
former: East Pakistan
Barbados: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Barbados
Bassas da India: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bassas da India
Belarus: conventional long form: Republic of Belarus
conventional short form: Belarus
local long form: Respublika Byelarus'
local short form: none
former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic
Belgium: conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium
conventional short form: Belgium
local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie
local short form: Belgique/Belgie
Belize: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Belize
former: British Honduras
Benin: conventional long form: Republic of Benin
conventional short form: Benin
local long form: Republique du Benin
local short form: Benin
former: Dahomey
Bermuda: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bermuda
former: Somers Islands
Bhutan: conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan
conventional short form: Bhutan
Bolivia: conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia
conventional short form: Bolivia
local long form: Republica de Bolivia
local short form: Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
local long form: none
local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
Botswana: conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
conventional short form: Botswana
former: Bechuanaland
Bouvet Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island
Brazil: conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form: Brasil
British Indian Ocean Territory: conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory
conventional short form: none
abbreviation: BIOT
British Virgin Islands: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: British Virgin Islands
abbreviation: BVI
Brunei: conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
Bulgaria: conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria
conventional short form: Bulgaria
Burkina Faso: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Burkina Faso
former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta
Burma: conventional long form: Union of Burma
conventional short form: Burma
local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar)
local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw
former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
Burundi: conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi
Cambodia: conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia
local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea
local short form: Kampuchea
former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic
Cameroon: conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
conventional short form: Cameroon
former: French Cameroon
Canada: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Canada
Cape Verde: conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde
conventional short form: Cape Verde
local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde
local short form: Cabo Verde
Cayman Islands: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cayman Islands
Central African Republic: conventional long form: Central African Republic
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique Centrafricaine
local short form: none
former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire
abbreviation: CAR
Chad: conventional long form: Republic of Chad
conventional short form: Chad
local long form: Republique du Tchad
local short form: Tchad
Chile: conventional long form: Republic of Chile
conventional short form: Chile
local long form: Republica de Chile
local short form: Chile
China: conventional long form: People's Republic of China
conventional short form: China
local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
local short form: Zhong Guo
abbreviation: PRC
Christmas Island: conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island
Clipperton Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Clipperton Island
local long form: none
local short form: Ile Clipperton
former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands
conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia: conventional long form: Republic of Colombia
conventional short form: Colombia
local long form: Republica de Colombia
local short form: Colombia
Comoros:conventional long form: Federal Islamic Republic of theComoros
conventional short form: Comoros
local long form: Republique Federale Islamique des Comores
local short form: Comores
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo
local short form: none
former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire
abbreviation: DROC
Congo, Republic of the: conventional long form: Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique du Congo
local short form: none
former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo
Cook Islands: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cook Islands
former: Harvey Islands
Coral Sea Islands: conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory
conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
Costa Rica: conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica
conventional short form: Costa Rica
local long form: Republica de Costa Rica
local short form: Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire: conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire
conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire
local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire
local short form: Cote d'Ivoire
former: Ivory Coast
Croatia: conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
conventional short form: Croatia
local long form: Republika Hrvatska
local short form: Hrvatska
Cuba: conventional long form: Republic of Cuba
conventional short form: Cuba
local long form: Republica de Cuba
local short form: Cuba
Cyprus: conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus
conventional short form: Cyprus
note: the Turkish Cypriot area refers to itself as the "TurkishRepublic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC)
Czech Republic:conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form: Czech Republic
local long form: Ceska Republika
local short form: Ceska Republika
Denmark: conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form: Denmark
local long form: Kongeriget Danmark
local short form: Danmark
Djibouti: conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti
conventional short form: Djibouti
former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Dominica: conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica
conventional short form: Dominica
Dominican Republic: conventional long form: Dominican Republic
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republica Dominicana
local short form: none
Ecuador: conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador
conventional short form: Ecuador
local long form: Republica del Ecuador
local short form: Ecuador
Egypt: conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt
conventional short form: Egypt
local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
local short form: Misr
former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)
El Salvador: conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador
conventional short form: El Salvador
local long form: Republica de El Salvador
local short form: El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea: conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial
former: Spanish Guinea
Eritrea: conventional long form: State of Eritrea
conventional short form: Eritrea
local long form: Hagere Ertra
local short form: Ertra
former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Estonia: conventional long form: Republic of Estonia
conventional short form: Estonia
local long form: Eesti Vabariik
local short form: Eesti
former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ethiopia:conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic ofEthiopia
conventional short form: Ethiopia
local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
local short form: Ityop'iya
former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa
abbreviation: FDRE
Europa Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Europa Island
local long form: none
local short form: Ile Europa
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Faroe Islands: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Faroe Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Foroyar
Fiji: conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands
conventional short form: Fiji
Finland: conventional long form: Republic of Finland
conventional short form: Finland
local long form: Suomen Tasavalta
local short form: Suomi
France: conventional long form: French Republic
conventional short form: France
local long form: Republique Francaise
local short form: France
French Guiana: conventional long form: Department of Guiana
conventional short form: French Guiana
local long form: none
local short form: Guyane
French Polynesia: conventional long form: Territory of French Polynesia
conventional short form: French Polynesia
local long form: Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise
local short form: Polynesie Francaise
former: French Colony of Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
Gabon: conventional long form: Gabonese Republic
conventional short form: Gabon
local long form: Republique Gabonaise
local short form: Gabon
Gambia, The: conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia
conventional short form: The Gambia
Gaza Strip: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gaza Strip
local long form: none
local short form: Qita Ghazzah
Georgia: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Georgia
local long form: none
local short form: Sak'art'velo
former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Germany: conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany
conventional short form: Germany
local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland
local short form: Deutschland
former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich
Ghana: conventional long form: Republic of Ghana
conventional short form: Ghana
former: Gold Coast
Gibraltar: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Glorioso Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Greece: conventional long form: Hellenic Republic
conventional short form: Greece
local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia
local short form: Ellas or Ellada
former: Kingdom of Greece
Greenland: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Greenland
local long form: none
local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Grenada: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Grenada
Guadeloupe: conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupe
conventional short form: Guadeloupe
local long form: Departement de la Guadeloupe
local short form: Guadeloupe
Guam: conventional long form: Territory of Guam
conventional short form: Guam
Guatemala: conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala
conventional short form: Guatemala
local long form: Republica de Guatemala
local short form: Guatemala
Guernsey: conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey
conventional short form: Guernsey
Guinea: conventional long form: Republic of Guinea
conventional short form: Guinea
local long form: Republique de Guinee
local short form: Guinee
former: French Guinea
Guinea-Bissau: conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau
conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau
local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau
local short form: Guine-Bissau
former: Portuguese Guinea
Guyana: conventional long form: Co-operative Republic of Guyana
conventional short form: Guyana
former: British Guiana
Haiti: conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
conventional short form: Haiti
local long form: Republique d'Haiti
local short form: Haiti
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Holy See (Vatican City): conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)
local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)
local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Honduras: conventional long form: Republic of Honduras
conventional short form: Honduras
local long form: Republica de Honduras
local short form: Honduras
Hong Kong:conventional long form: Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion
conventional short form: Hong Kong
local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu
local short form: Xianggang
abbreviation: HK
Howland Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Howland Island
Hungary: conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
conventional short form: Hungary
local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag
local short form: Magyarorszag
Iceland: conventional long form: Republic of Iceland
conventional short form: Iceland
local long form: Lyoveldio Island
local short form: Island
India: conventional long form: Republic of India
conventional short form: India
Indonesia: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form: Indonesia
local long form: Republik Indonesia
local short form: Indonesia
former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
Iran: conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
conventional short form: Iran
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
local short form: Iran
former: Persia
Iraq: conventional long form: Republic of Iraq
conventional short form: Iraq
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah
local short form: Al Iraq
Ireland: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ireland
Israel: conventional long form: State of Israel
conventional short form: Israel
local long form: Medinat Yisra'el
local short form: Yisra'el
Italy: conventional long form: Italian Republic
conventional short form: Italy
local long form: Repubblica Italiana
local short form: Italia
former: Kingdom of Italy
Jamaica: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jamaica
Jan Mayen: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jan Mayen
Japan: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Japan
Jarvis Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jarvis Island
Jersey: conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey
conventional short form: Jersey
Johnston Atoll: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Jordan: conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan
Juan de Nova Island: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Juan de Nova Island
local long form: none
local short form: Ile Juan de Nova
Kazakhstan: conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form: Kazakhstan
local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy
local short form: none
former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Kenya: conventional long form: Republic of Kenya
conventional short form: Kenya
former: British East Africa
Kingman Reef: conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Kingman Reef
Kiribati: conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati
conventional short form: Kiribati
note: pronounced kir-ih-bahss
former: Gilbert Islands
Korea, North:conventional long form: Democratic People's Republicof Korea
conventional short form: North Korea
local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk
local short form: none
note: the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to their country
abbreviation: DPRK
Korea, South: conventional long form: Republic of Korea
conventional short form: South Korea
local long form: Taehan-min'guk
local short form: none
note: the South Koreans generally use the term "Han-guk" to refer to their country
abbreviation: ROK
Kuwait: conventional long form: State of Kuwait
conventional short form: Kuwait
local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt
local short form: Al Kuwayt
Kyrgyzstan: conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic
conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form: none
former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
Laos: conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic
conventional short form: Laos
local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao
local short form: none
Latvia: conventional long form: Republic of Latvia
conventional short form: Latvia
local long form: Latvijas Republika
local short form: Latvija
former: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Lebanon: conventional long form: Lebanese Republic
conventional short form: Lebanon
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah
local short form: Lubnan
Lesotho: conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho
conventional short form: Lesotho
former: Basutoland
Liberia: conventional long form: Republic of Liberia
conventional short form: Liberia
Libya:conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan ArabJamahiriya
conventional short form: Libya
local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma
local short form: none
Liechtenstein: conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein
conventional short form: Liechtenstein
local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein
local short form: Liechtenstein
Lithuania: conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
conventional short form: Lithuania
local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
local short form: Lietuva
former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Luxembourg: conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form: Luxembourg
local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg
local short form: Luxembourg
Macau: conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau
local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)
local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republika Makedonija
local short form: Makedonija
abbreviation: FYROM
Madagascar: conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar
conventional short form: Madagascar