Chapter 102

Ireland1,448 km

Israel273 km

Italy7,600 km

Jamaica1,022 km

Jan Mayen124.1 km

Japan29,751 km

Jarvis Island8 km

Jersey70 km

Johnston Atoll34 km

Jordan26 km

Juan de Nova Island24.1 km

Kazakhstan0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the AralSea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the CaspianSea (1,894 km)

Kenya536 km

Kingman Reef3 km

Kiribati1,143 km

Korea, North2,495 km

Korea, South2,413 km

Kuwait499 km

Kyrgyzstan0 km (landlocked)

Laos0 km (landlocked)

Latvia531 km

Lebanon225 km

Lesotho0 km (landlocked)

Liberia579 km

Libya1,770 km

Liechtenstein0 km (doubly landlocked)

Lithuania99 km

Luxembourg0 km (landlocked)

Macau41 km

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of0 km (landlocked)

Madagascar4,828 km

Malawi0 km (landlocked)

Malaysia4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607km)

Maldives644 km

Mali0 km (landlocked)

Malta196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Man, Isle of160 km

Marshall Islands370.4 km

Martinique350 km

Mauritania754 km

Mauritius177 km

Mayotte185.2 km

Mexico9,330 km

Micronesia, Federated States of6,112 km

Midway Islands15 km

Moldova0 km (landlocked)

Monaco4.1 km

Mongolia0 km (landlocked)

Montserrat40 km

Morocco1,835 km

Mozambique2,470 km

Namibia1,572 km

Nauru30 km

Navassa Island8 km

Nepal0 km (landlocked)

Netherlands451 km

Netherlands Antilles364 km

New Caledonia2,254 km

New Zealand15,134 km

Nicaragua910 km

Niger0 km (landlocked)

Nigeria853 km

Niue64 km

Norfolk Island32 km

Northern Mariana Islands1,482 km

Norway21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations16,093 km)

Oman2,092 km

Pacific Ocean135,663 km

Pakistan1,046 km

Palau1,519 km

Palmyra Atoll14.5 km

Panama2,490 km

Papua New Guinea5,152 km

Paracel Islands518 km

Paraguay0 km (landlocked)

Peru2,414 km

Philippines36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands51 km

Poland491 km

Portugal1,793 km

Puerto Rico501 km

Qatar563 km

Reunion207 km

Romania225 km

Russia37,653 km

Rwanda0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena60 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis135 km

Saint Lucia158 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines84 km

Samoa403 km

San Marino0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe209 km

Saudi Arabia2,640 km

Senegal531 km

Serbia and Montenegro199 km

Seychelles491 km

Sierra Leone402 km

Singapore193 km

Slovakia0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia46.6 km

Solomon Islands5,313 km

Somalia3,025 km

South Africa2,798 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsNA km

Southern Ocean17,968 km

Spain4,964 km

Spratly Islands926 km

Sri Lanka1,340 km

Sudan853 km

Suriname386 km

Svalbard3,587 km

Swaziland0 km (landlocked)

Sweden3,218 km

Switzerland0 km (landlocked)

Syria193 km

Taiwan1,566.3 km

Tajikistan0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania1,424 km

Thailand3,219 km

Togo56 km

Tokelau101 km

Tonga419 km

Trinidad and Tobago362 km

Tromelin Island3.7 km

Tunisia1,148 km

Turkey7,200 km

Turkmenistan0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea(1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands389 km

Tuvalu24 km

Uganda0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine2,782 km

United Arab Emirates1,318 km

United Kingdom12,429 km

United States19,924 km

Uruguay660 km

Uzbekistan0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes thesouthern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu2,528 km

Venezuela2,800 km

Vietnam3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands188 km

Wake Island19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna129 km

West Bank0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara1,110 km

World356,000 km

Yemen1,906 km

Zambia0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe0 km (landlocked)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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@2061 Imports - partners (%)

AfghanistanPakistan 25.1%, South Korea 14.4%, Japan 9.4%, US 9%,Kenya 5.8%, Germany 5.4% (2002)

AlbaniaItaly 39.4%, Greece 24.5%, Turkey 6%, Germany 5% (2002)

AlgeriaFrance 31%, Italy 10%, US 8.3%, Germany 6.6%, Spain 5.9%,Turkey 4.2% (2002)

American SamoaAustralia 41%, New Zealand 23%, South Korea 18% (2002)

AndorraSpain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)

AngolaPortugal 20.2%, US 13.9%, South Africa 12.4%, France 6.7%,Brazil 5.8%, Belgium 5.3%, Netherlands 4% (2002)

AnguillaUS, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)

Antigua and BarbudaFrance 23.4%, Germany 14.2%, US 13.2%, Poland9.8%, South Korea 8.3%, Singapore 5%, UK 4.4% (2002)

ArgentinaBrazil 42%, US 12.8%, Germany 4.4% (2002)

ArmeniaUS 15.3%, Russia 12.9%, Belgium 12.3%, Iran 10.3%, UAE 6.3%,Germany 5.5%, Italy 4.9% (2002)

ArubaUS 54.7%, Netherlands 12.7%, UK 5.7% (2002)

AustraliaUS 18.3%, Japan 12.3%, China 10.1%, Germany 5.7%, UK 4.6%(2002)

AustriaGermany 42.6%, Italy 6.6%, Hungary 5.1%, Switzerland 4.8%,Netherlands 4.4% (2002)

AzerbaijanRussia 17.8%, Turkey 11.9%, Germany 10.7%, France 7%,Kazakhstan 6.3%, China 6%, UK 5.5%, US 4.5% (2002)

Bahamas, TheUS 20.3%, South Korea 20.1%, Germany 11.5%, Norway11.5%, Japan 10%, Italy 7.2% (2002)

BahrainSaudi Arabia 30.1%, US 11.7%, Japan 7.1%, Germany 6.5%, UK5.6% (2002)

BangladeshIndia 14.6%, China 11.6%, Singapore 11.5%, Japan 7.6%,Hong Kong 5.4%, South Korea 4.3% (2002)

BarbadosUS 41.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 17%, UK 7.3%, Japan 4.2%(2002)

BelarusRussia 68.2%, Germany 9.4%, Ukraine 3.2% (2002)

BelgiumGermany 17.2%, Netherlands 15.6%, France 12.8%, UK 7.3%,Ireland 7%, US 6.4%, Italy 4% (2002)

BelizeUS 35.7%, Mexico 10.1%, Netherlands Antilles 6.1%, Japan5.9%, Cuba 5.7%, UK 5.4% (2002)

BeninChina 30.7%, France 15.7%, UK 4.8%, Italy 4.2% (2002)

BermudaKazakhstan 30.9%, France 24.7%, Italy 10.5%, US 9.7%, SouthKorea 8.4%, Mexico 4.3% (2002)

BhutanJapan 44.5%, Germany 12.2%, UK 8.5%, Singapore 6%, SouthKorea 5%, US 4.2% (2002)

BoliviaBrazil 22%, Argentina 17.4%, US 15.6%, Chile 7%, Japan 5.5%,Peru 5.4%, China 4.8% (2002)

Bosnia and HerzegovinaCroatia 23.7%, Slovenia 14.8%, Germany 14%,Italy 13.1%, Hungary 8%, Austria 7.7% (2002)

BotswanaSouthern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%,Zimbabwe 4% (2000)

BrazilUS 23.3%, Argentina 12.6%, Germany 8.7%, France 5.2% (2002)

British Virgin IslandsVirgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US

BruneiSingapore 30.6%, Japan 21.5%, Malaysia 17.4%, UK 6.1%, HongKong 4% (2002)

BulgariaRussia 14.6%, Germany 14.4%, Italy 11.4%, Greece 6.1%,France 5.7%, Turkey 5% (2002)

Burkina FasoFrance 27.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 23%, Togo 4.3% (2002)

BurmaChina 27%, Singapore 19.5%, Thailand 12%, Malaysia 9.1%,Taiwan 6.3%, South Korea 5.3%, Japan 4.3% (2002)

BurundiBelgium 12.4%, Saudi Arabia 12.3%, Tanzania 9.3%, Kenya7.7%, France 7.4%, India 4.5% (2002)

CambodiaThailand 24.8%, Singapore 16.9%, China 12.1%, Hong Kong10.9%, South Korea 5.5%, Vietnam 5.2% (2002)

CameroonFrance 28.2%, Nigeria 12.8%, US 8%, Belgium 5.7%, Germany5.3%, Italy 4.3% (2002)

CanadaUS 62.6%, China 4.6%, Japan 4.4% (2002)

Cape VerdePortugal 49.1%, Netherlands 7.2%, Germany 5.7% (2002)

Cayman IslandsUS, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles,Japan

Central African RepublicFrance 30%, US 5.2%, Cameroon 4.5%, Germany4.3% (2002)

ChadFrance 31.5%, US 31.4%, Germany 5.5%, Nigeria 4.6% (2002)

ChileArgentina 18%, US 14.9%, Brazil 9.5%, China 6.5%, Germany 4.3%(2002)

ChinaJapan 18.1%, Taiwan 10.5%, South Korea 9.7%, US 9.2%, Germany5.6% (2002)

Christmas Islandprincipally Australia

Cocos (Keeling) IslandsAustralia (1999)

ColombiaUS 32.6%, Venezuela 7%, Mexico 5.3%, Japan 5.3%, Brazil5.2%, Germany 4.2% (2002)

ComorosFrance 34.3%, South Africa 12%, Japan 6.1%, Kenya 5.9%, UAE5.8%, Mauritius 4.9%, Thailand 4.6% (2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of theBelgium 14.6%, South Africa 14.2%,Nigeria 10.3%, France 9.5%, Germany 7.3%, Netherlands 5.3%, Kenya5.2% (2002)

Congo, Republic of theFrance 22.1%, Italy 8.5%, Belgium 6%, US5.2%, India 4.1% (2002)

Cook IslandsNZ 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2000)

Costa RicaUS 36.7%, Japan 4.4%, Mexico 4.2% (2002)

Cote d'IvoireFrance 22.7%, Nigeria 16.6%, China 7.9%, Italy 4.2%(2002)

CroatiaItaly 16.8%, Germany 16.4%, Slovenia 7.8%, Russia 6.8%,Austria 6.7%, France 5.2% (2002)

CubaSpain 17.2%, China 12%, Italy 9.1%, France 7.6%, Mexico 7.3%,Canada 6.2%, US 5.6%, Brazil 4.7% (2002)

CyprusRussia 17.9%, Greece 7.4%, Germany 6.7%, France 6.6%, UK6.6%, Italy 6.6%, South Korea 5.7%, Japan 5.3% (2002)

Czech RepublicGermany 39.1%, Slovakia 6%, Austria 5.6%, Italy 5.4%,France 5.3%, Poland 4.1%, UK 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)

DenmarkGermany 22.9%, Sweden 10.7%, UK 8.7%, Netherlands 7.8%,France 6%, Norway 4.9%, Italy 4.4% (2002)

DjiboutiSaudi Arabia 18.2%, Ethiopia 10.5%, US 9.2%, France 8.6%,China 8.2%, Netherlands 4.1% (2002)

DominicaChina 23.9%, US 23.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.9%, SouthKorea 7.6%, UK 7.3%, Japan 4.5% (2002)

Dominican RepublicUS 51.5%, Venezuela 9.6%, Mexico 5.1%, Spain 4%(2002)

East TimorNA

EcuadorUS 28.6%, Colombia 14.4%, Japan 6%, Chile 4.5%, Brazil 4.1%(2002)

EgyptUS 16.9%, Germany 7.9%, Italy 6.7%, France 6.5%, China 5%, UK4.1% (2002)

El SalvadorUS 39%, Guatemala 10.1%, Mexico 7.2%, France 4% (2002)

Equatorial GuineaUS 29.1%, Spain 15.9%, UK 14.8%, France 10.4%,Norway 7.2%, Netherlands 4.8%, Italy 4.7% (2002)

EritreaItaly 27.1%, US 15.7%, Germany 7.2%, Ukraine 5.8%, Turkey5.5%, France 4.5%, Netherlands 4% (2002)

EstoniaRussia 26.6%, Finland 18.9%, Germany 9.2%, Sweden 8.2% (2002)

EthiopiaSaudi Arabia 28.7%, China 6%, Italy 5.9%, India 4.8%,Germany 4.1% (2002)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7%(2002)

Faroe IslandsDenmark 53.8%, Norway 24.2%, Iceland 5.7% (2002)

FijiAustralia 37.3%, New Zealand 17.2%, Singapore 16.1%, Japan4.2%, China 4% (2002)

FinlandGermany 14.5%, Sweden 10.9%, Russia 9.9%, UK 5.7%, France4.3%, Denmark 4.2% (2002)

FranceGermany 19.4%, Belgium 9.2%, Italy 8.8%, UK 7.3%, Netherlands7%, US 6.8%, Spain 6.7% (2002)

French GuianaFrance 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002)

French PolynesiaFrance 58.9%, Australia 12.2%, New Zealand 6.9%, US6.6% (2002)

GabonFrance 50.7%, US 6.3%, Netherlands 3.6% (2002)

Gambia, TheChina 21.8%, Senegal 8.9%, Brazil 7.8%, UK 6.5%,Netherlands 5.4%, India 4.9%, Belgium 4.5%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2002)

Gaza StripIsrael, Egypt, West Bank

GeorgiaTurkey 15.6%, Azerbaijan 11.2%, US 9.9%, Russia 9.1%,Germany 7.2%, Italy 5.1%, Bulgaria 4.9%, Romania 4.3%, France 4.2%,Ukraine 4.1% (2002)

GermanyFrance 9.5%, Netherlands 8.2%, US 7.7%, UK 6.5%, Italy 6.4%,Belgium 5.2%, Austria 4%, China 4% (2002)

GhanaNigeria 21.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.6%, China 6.2%, Italy 6.1%, Coted'Ivoire 6.1%, Germany 4.7%, Netherlands 4% (2002)

GibraltarGermany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)

GreeceGermany 12.2%, Italy 11.5%, Russia 7.4%, South Korea 6%,France 5.7%, Netherlands 5.6%, US 4.7%, Belgium 4.3%, UK 4.1% (2002)

GreenlandDenmark 74.6%, Norway 14.2%, Russia 2.3% (2002)

GrenadaUS 30.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 27.3%, UK 4.4% (2002)

GuadeloupeFrance 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, NetherlandsAntilles 2% (1999)

GuamSingapore 40.5%, South Korea 21.7%, Japan 21.6%, Hong Kong 4.9%(2002)

GuatemalaUS 33.2%, Mexico 9.9%, South Korea 8.2%, El Salvador 5.7%,China 4% (2002)

GuernseyUK (regarded as internal trade)

GuineaFrance 18.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 11%, Italy 8.9%, US 8.2%, Belgium7.6%, China 5.6%, UK 5.2% (2002)

Guinea-BissauSenegal 19.6%, Portugal 19.1%, India 15.3%, Taiwan5.1% (2002)

GuyanaUS 23.7%, Netherlands Antilles 20.2%, Trinidad and Tobago15.2%, Italy 6.3%, UK 5.1%, Cuba 4.2% (2002)

HaitiUS 53.4%, Dominican Republic 5.3%, Colombia 3.4% (2002)

HondurasUS 55.3%, El Salvador 4.3%, Mexico 4.2% (2002)

Hong KongChina 37.5%, Japan 12.2%, Taiwan 7.3%, US 6.2%, Singapore5.3%, South Korea 5% (2002)

HungaryGermany 25.3%, Austria 7.7%, Italy 7.5%, Russia 6%, China5%, France 5% (2002)

IcelandUS 10.9%, Germany 10.7%, Denmark 8.5%, Norway 8%, UK 7.5%,Netherlands 6%, Sweden 5.9% (2002)

IndiaUS 7.1%, Belgium 6.7%, China 4.6%, Singapore 4.6%, UK 4.6%(2002)

IndonesiaJapan 14.1%, Singapore 13.1%, US 8.5%, China 7.8%, SouthKorea 5.3%, Taiwan 5.1%, Australia 5.1% (2002)

IranGermany 10.9%, Italy 9%, France 7.9%, China 7.4%, South Korea6.5%, UAE 4.4%, Japan 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)

IraqJordan 11%, France 8.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 7.6%, Russia 7.3%,Australia 7.2%, Vietnam 6.6%, Italy 6.4%, Japan 5.6% (2002)

IrelandUK 41.1%, US 15.3%, Germany 6.8% (2002)

IsraelUS 21.6%, Belgium 8.9%, Germany 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Switzerland4.9%, Italy 4.5% (2002)

ItalyGermany 17.8%, France 11.3%, Netherlands 5.9%, UK 5%, US 4.9%,Spain 4.6%, Belgium 4.4% (2002)

JamaicaUS 45%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 4.7% (2002)

JapanChina 18.3%, US 17.4%, South Korea 4.6%, Indonesia 4.2%,Australia 4.1% (2002)

JerseyUK

JordanIraq 13.4%, Germany 8.8%, US 8%, China 6%, France 4.2%, UK4.1%, Italy 4.1% (2002)

KazakhstanRussia 37.1%, US 9.3%, China 9.3%, Germany 9.1% (2002)

KenyaUAE 12%, Saudi Arabia 8.7%, US 8.1%, UK 7.1%, South Africa7.1%, France 5.8%, China 5.5%, Japan 5%, India 4.8% (2002)

KiribatiFrance 28.7%, Australia 26.3%, Fiji 12.5%, Japan 9.5%,Latvia 5.4%, US 4.6%, New Zealand 4% (2002)

Korea, NorthChina 24.9%, Brazil 12.1%, India 9.2%, Thailand 9.2%,Germany 7.8%, Japan 7.1%, Singapore 4.5%, Qatar 4% (2002)

Korea, SouthJapan 19.6%, US 15.2%, China 11.4%, Saudi Arabia 5%(2002)

KuwaitUS 13.1%, Japan 11.1%, Germany 9.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.6%, UK6%, Italy 5.4%, France 5.2% (2002)

KyrgyzstanKazakhstan 21.1%, Russia 19.9%, Uzbekistan 10.2%, China10.1%, US 8.1%, Germany 5.3% (2002)

LaosThailand 58.9%, Vietnam 12.3%, China 7.9% (2002)

LatviaGermany 17.9%, Russia 15.1%, Finland 6.6%, Lithuania 6.4%,Sweden 5.5%, Italy 4.8%, Estonia 4.8% (2002)

LebanonItaly 11.3%, France 10.7%, Germany 8.4%, US 5.6%, Syria5.4%, China 4.8%, Belgium 4.5%, UK 4.2% (2002)

LesothoHong Kong 51.9%, China 25%, France 3.9% (2002)

LiberiaSouth Korea 30.3%, Japan 19.1%, Germany 15.6%, France 9.1%,Singapore 7.9% (2002)

LibyaItaly 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002)

LiechtensteinEU, Switzerland

LithuaniaRussia 24.1%, Germany 20.3%, Italy 5.9%, Poland 4.3% (2002)

LuxembourgBelgium 29.7%, Germany 23%, France 13.2%, Taiwan 6.7%,Netherlands 4.6% (2002)

MacauChina 41.7%, Hong Kong 14.5%, Japan 6.7%, Taiwan 6.6%, SouthKorea 5%, France 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic ofGreece 19.4%, Germany14.4%, Bulgaria 7.5%, Slovenia 6.9%, Italy 6.9%, Turkey 5.9%,Ukraine 5%, Austria 4.1% (2002)

MadagascarFrance 17.2%, Iran 11%, Mauritius 10.6%, Bahrain 9.4%,Hong Kong 6.9%, South Africa 5.9%, China 4.1% (2002)

MalawiSouth Africa 44.4%, Zambia 12.7%, US 5.6%, India 4.2% (2002)

MalaysiaJapan 16.9%, Singapore 15.9%, US 15.5%, China 7.3%, SouthKorea 5%, Taiwan 4.7% (2002)

MaldivesSingapore 25.6%, Sri Lanka 15%, UAE 14.5%, India 6.6%,Malaysia 5.7%, Thailand 4% (2002)

MaliCote d'Ivoire 17.1%, France 13.5%, Senegal 6.5%, Germany 4%(2002)

MaltaItaly 18.3%, France 12.1%, South Korea 11.3%, UK 7.5%,Singapore 5.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5%, US 4.6%, Spain 4.2% (2002)

Man, Isle ofUK (2000)

Marshall IslandsUS, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China,Philippines (2000)

MartiniqueFrance 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3%(2000)

MauritaniaFrance 18.5%, Belgium 7.8%, China 7%, Spain 5.9%, Germany5.2% (2002)

MauritiusFrance 18.4%, South Africa 13.5%, India 7.8%, China 4.5%,UK 4.2% (2002)

MayotteFrance 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)

MexicoUS 70.6%, Germany 3.5%, Japan 2.7% (2002)

Micronesia, Federated States ofUS, Australia, Japan (2000)

MoldovaRussia 23.9%, Ukraine 13.4%, Germany 12.6%, Italy 8.3%,Romania 8.2% (2002)

MongoliaRussia 32%, China 19.4%, South Korea 12.1%, US 9.1%,Germany 4.7%, Japan 4.3% (2002)

MontserratUS, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada

MoroccoFrance 20.9%, Spain 12.6%, Italy 6.3%, Germany 5.5%, US4.6%, UK 4.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2002)

MozambiqueSouth Africa 27.5%, France 8.9%, US 7%, Australia 6.9%,Japan 6%, Malaysia 4% (2002)

NamibiaUS 50%, EU 31% (2001)

NauruAustralia 59.3%, US 10.1%, Ireland 7.6%, Malaysia 6% (2002)

NepalIndia 21.2%, China 13%, UAE 11.1%, Singapore 8.5%, Hong Kong5.9%, Saudi Arabia 4.9%, Kuwait 4.1% (2002)

NetherlandsGermany 17.8%, Belgium 9.7%, US 9.1%, UK 6.9%, France5.5%, China 5.1%, Japan 4% (2002)

Netherlands AntillesVenezuela 60.8%, Mexico 11.7%, US 9.7% (2002)

New CaledoniaFrance 52.8%, Australia 12.7%, Singapore 9.8% (2002)

New ZealandAustralia 22.1%, US 13.6%, Japan 12%, China 8%, Germany5.2% (2002)

NicaraguaUS 23.7%, Costa Rica 10.3%, Venezuela 10.1%, Guatemala7.8%, Mexico 6.7%, El Salvador 6%, South Korea 4.6% (2002)

NigerFrance 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 14.9%, China 9.8%, Nigeria 7.4%,US 5.2%, Japan 4.6%, India 4.4% (2002)

NigeriaUK 9.6%, US 9.4%, China 9.3%, France 8.7%, Germany 6.8%,South Korea 6.1%, Netherlands 5.2%, Italy 4.7% (2002)

NiueNZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)

Norfolk IslandAustralia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,Europe

Northern Mariana IslandsUS, Japan (2000)

NorwaySweden 17.7%, Germany 13.4%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 7.7%, US 5.7%,Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.2%, Italy 4% (2002)

OmanUAE 27.5%, Japan 16.7%, UK 7.4%, US 6.9%, Germany 5% (2002)

PakistanUAE 11.7%, Saudi Arabia 11.7%, Kuwait 6.7%, US 6.4%, China6.2%, Japan 6%, Malaysia 4.5%, Germany 4.4% (2002)

PalauUS, Guam, Japan, Singapore, Korea (2000)

PanamaUS 34.3%, Colombia 5.9%, Japan 5.4%, Costa Rica 4.2%,Venezuela 4.2% (2002)

Papua New GuineaAustralia 49.3%, Singapore 18.8%, New Zealand 4.4%,Japan 4.2% (2002)

ParaguayBrazil 32.7%, Argentina 22.7%, US 18.1%, Hong Kong 4.7%(2002)

PeruUS 26.1%, Chile 7.9%, Spain 5.1%, Colombia 5%, Brazil 4.7%,Venezuela 4.7%, Argentina 4.3% (2002)

PhilippinesJapan 21.6%, US 18.6%, Singapore 7.8%, South Korea 7.5%,China 5.2%, Hong Kong 4.5%, Taiwan 4.1% (2002)

Pitcairn IslandsNA (2000)

PolandGermany 29.9%, Italy 8.1%, Russia 7.4%, France 7.2%,Netherlands 5.3% (2002)

PortugalSpain 28.1%, Germany 15%, France 10.2%, Italy 6.5%, UK5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2002)

Puerto RicoUS 53.5%, Ireland 16.3%, Japan 4.5% (2001)

QatarFrance 17.8%, Japan 10.1%, US 8.5%, UK 8.3%, Germany 8%, Italy6.7%, UAE 5.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2002)

ReunionFrance 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)

RomaniaItaly 20.2%, Germany 18.1%, France 6.6%, Russia 5.6%,Austria 4.9%, Hungary 4.1% (2002)

RussiaGermany 14.3%, Belarus 8.9%, Ukraine 7.1%, US 6.4%, China5.2%, Italy 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.3%, France 4.1% (2002)

RwandaKenya 21.8%, Germany 8.4%, Belgium 7.9%, Israel 4.3% (2002)

Saint HelenaUK 47.6%, Tanzania 14.6%, Italy 12.1%, South Africa10.9%, US 5.3% (2002)

Saint Kitts and NevisUS 41.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 16.2%, Canada9.8%, UK 6.9%, Japan 4% (2002)

Saint LuciaBrazil 41.7%, US 21.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.9% (2002)

Saint Pierre and MiquelonZambia 61.5%, France 21.8%, Canada 13%(2002)

Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesFrance 32.7%, US 11.3%, Trinidadand Tobago 10.4%, Singapore 10.1%, Spain 7.9%, Greece 4.3% (2002)

SamoaNew Zealand 23.3%, Fiji 20.2%, Australia 15.7%, Japan 13.1%,Taiwan 6.4%, US 4.2% (2002)

Sao Tome and PrincipePortugal 51.4%, Germany 10.1%, UK 7.6%,Belgium 6.3% (2002)

Saudi ArabiaUS 11.2%, Japan 8.8%, Germany 7.6%, UK 4.9%, France4.9%, Italy 4.1% (2002)

SenegalFrance 25.6%, Nigeria 8.7%, Thailand 7.2%, US 5.4%, Germany5.4%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4% (2002)

Serbia and MontenegroGermany 19.4%, Italy 18%, Austria 8.5%,Slovenia 5.6%, Greece 4.4%, France 4.3%, Bulgaria 4.2%, Romania 4.1%(2002)

SeychellesSaudi Arabia 15.6%, France 12.8%, Spain 9.9%, Italy 9.7%,South Africa 8.4%, Singapore 7.3%, UK 6.1%, Taiwan 4.2% (2002)

Sierra LeoneGermany 25%, UK 10.9%, Netherlands 7.5%, US 5.7%, Coted'Ivoire 4.9%, Italy 4.3% (2002)

SingaporeMalaysia 18.2%, US 14.3%, Japan 12.5%, China 7.6%,Thailand 4.6%, Taiwan 4.6% (2002)

SlovakiaGermany 24.8%, Czech Republic 16%, Russia 13.5%, Austria7%, Italy 6.4%, France 4% (2002)

SloveniaGermany 20%, Italy 19%, Austria 11.3%, France 10.5% (2002)

Solomon IslandsAustralia 31.3%, Singapore 19.7%, New Zealand 5.1%,Fiji 4.6%, Papua New Guinea 4.5% (2002)

SomaliaDjibouti 29.8%, Kenya 13.6%, Brazil 10.5%, Thailand 4.7%, UK4.4%, UAE 4.3% (2002)

South AfricaGermany 15.4%, US 9.4%, UK 9%, Saudi Arabia 6.9%, Japan5.8%, France 5%, China 4.9%, Iran 4.1% (2002)

SpainFrance 17%, Germany 16.5%, Italy 8.6%, UK 6.4%, Netherlands4.8% (2002)

Sri LankaIndia 11%, Hong Kong 7.6%, Singapore 7.1%, China 6.3%,Taiwan 5.9%, South Korea 5.7%, Japan 5.3%, Iran 4.2% (2002)

SudanChina 19.7%, Saudi Arabia 7.4%, Germany 5.5%, India 5.5%, UK5.4%, Indonesia 4.7%, Australia 4% (2002)

SurinameUS 22.2%, Netherlands 15.6%, China 11.9%, Trinidad andTobago 11.2%, France 7.5%, Netherlands Antilles 7.2%, Japan 5.7%(2002)

SwazilandSouth Africa 88.8%, EU 5.6%, Japan 0.6%, Singapore 0.4%(1999)

SwedenGermany 18.5%, Denmark 8.8%, UK 8.6%, Norway 8.2%,Netherlands 6.7%, France 5.4%, Finland 5.2%, US 5% (2002)

SwitzerlandGermany 27.4%, France 11.4%, Italy 9.7%, US 8.5%, Russia5.8%, UK 5.4%, Austria 4.6%, Netherlands 4.1% (2002)

SyriaItaly 8.3%, Germany 7.4%, China 5.7%, South Korea 4.8%, France4.6%, US 4.4%, Turkey 4.1% (2002)

TaiwanJapan 24.3%, US 16.1%, China 7.1%, South Korea 6.9% (2002)

TajikistanRussia 22.7%, Uzbekistan 18.4%, Ukraine 11.2%, Kazakhstan10%, Turkmenistan 6.5%, Azerbaijan 5.7%, India 4.4% (2002)

TanzaniaSouth Africa 12.7%, China 7.9%, Kenya 6.6%, India 6.3%, UK6%, Japan 4.5%, US 4%, Australia 4% (2002)

ThailandJapan 23%, US 9.6%, China 7.6%, Malaysia 5.6%, Singapore4.5%, Taiwan 4.4% (2002)

TogoFrance 21.3%, China 17%, Netherlands 6.5%, Germany 5.3%, UK4.8%, Italy 4.4% (2002)

TokelauNZ (2000)

TongaNew Zealand 30.8%, Fiji 20.7%, US 14.2%, Australia 13.2%,China 6.1% (2002)

Trinidad and TobagoUS 42%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.5%, UK 5%, Japan 4.5%,Brazil 4.3% (2002)

TunisiaFrance 25.6%, Italy 19.5%, Germany 8.9%, Spain 5% (2002)

TurkeyGermany 13.7%, Italy 8.1%, Russia 7.6%, US 6%, France 5.9%,UK 4.8%, Switzerland 4.1% (2002)

TurkmenistanRussia 19.8%, Turkey 12.8%, Ukraine 11.7%, UAE 10%, US7.5%, China 6%, Germany 5.7%, Iran 4.4% (2002)

Turks and Caicos IslandsUS, UK

TuvaluHungary 68.2%, Japan 12.9%, Fiji 11.9% (2002)

UgandaKenya 45.3%, South Africa 6.8%, India 5.7%, UK 5.5% (2002)

UkraineRussia 32.3%, Germany 11.7%, Turkmenistan 7.4%, Poland 6%,Italy 4% (2002)

United Arab EmiratesUS 8.1%, China 7.8%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 6.5%,India 5.7%, France 5.6%, UK 5.4%, South Korea 5.1%, Iran 4.2% (2002)

United KingdomGermany 12.9%, US 11.9%, France 7.8%, Netherlands6.3%, Belgium 5%, Italy 4.4% (2002)

United StatesCanada 17.8%, Mexico 11.3%, China 11.1%, Japan 10.4%,Germany 5.3% (2002)

UruguayArgentina 25.6%, Brazil 22.7%, US 7.7%, Venezuela 6.2% (2002)

UzbekistanRussia 22.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 9.4%, Kazakhstan8.1%, US 6.9%, Ukraine 6.8%, China 5.2%, Turkey 4.6% (2002)

VanuatuAustralia 22.1%, Japan 19.2%, New Zealand 10.1%, Singapore8.1%, Fiji 6.6%, Taiwan 5%, India 5% (2002)

VenezuelaUS 27.5%, Colombia 6.9%, Brazil 5.7%, Mexico 4.4% (2002)

VietnamSouth Korea 12.7%, China 12.2%, Japan 12.1%, Singapore11.8%, Taiwan 10.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2002)

Virgin IslandsUS, Puerto Rico

Wallis and FutunaFrance 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%

West BankIsrael, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)

Western SaharaMorocco claims and administers Western Sahara, sotrade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2000)

WorldUS 11.2%, Germany 9.2%, China 7%, Japan 6.8%, France 4.7%, UK4% (2002)

YemenUS 10.4%, Saudi Arabia 9.5%, China 8.7%, UAE 6.9%, Russia5.8%, France 4.7% (2002)

ZambiaSouth Africa 64.4%, US 3.7%, China 3.6% (2002)

ZimbabweSouth Africa 47.7%, Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5.7%,Mozambique 5.3% (2002)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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@2062 Economic aid - donor

AustraliaODA, $894 million (FY 99/00)

AustriaODA, $410 million (2000)

BelgiumODA, $764 million (1997)

CanadaODA, $1.3 billion (1999)

DenmarkODA, $1.63 billion (1999)

FinlandODA, $379 million (2001)

FranceODA, $6.3 billion (1997)

GermanyODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

Iceland$NA

IrelandODA, $283 million (2001)

ItalyODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)

JapanODA, $9.1 billion (1999)

Korea, SouthODA $200 million

LesothoODA $4.4 million

LuxembourgODA, $160 million (1999)

NetherlandsODA, $3.5 billion (2000 est.)

New ZealandODA, $99.7 million

NorwayODA, $1.4 billion (1998)

PortugalODA, $271 million (1995)

Saudi Arabiapledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction ofLebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million forassistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to developmentin Afghanistan

SpainODA, $1.33 billion (1999)

SwedenODA, $1.7 billion (1997)

SwitzerlandODA, $1.1 billion (1995)

United Arab Emirates$NA

United KingdomODA, $4.5 billion (2000)

United StatesODA, $6.9 billion (1997)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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@2063 Constitution

Afghanistanthe Bonn Agreement called for a Loya Jirga (GrandCouncil) to be convened within 18 months of the establishment of theTransitional Authority to draft a new constitution for the country;the basis for the next constitution is the 1964 Constitution,according to the Bonn Agreement

Albaniaa constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28November 1998; note - the opposition Democratic Party boycotted thevote

Algeria19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996

American Samoaratified 1966, in effect 1967

AndorraAndorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991;approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993

Angola11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6March 1991, and 26 August 1992

AnguillaAnguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda1 November 1981

Argentina1 May 1853; revised August 1994

Armeniaadopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995

Aruba1 January 1986

Australia9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901

Austria1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)

Azerbaijanadopted 12 November 1995

Bahamas, The10 July 1973

Bahrainadopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revisedconstitution calls for a partially elected legislature, aconstitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)

Bangladesh4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspendedfollowing coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amendedmany times

Barbados30 November 1966

Belarus30 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and becameeffective 27 November 1996

Belgium7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliamentapproved a constitutional package creating a federal state

Belize21 September 1981

BeninDecember 1990

Bermuda8 June 1968, amended 1989

Bhutanno written constitution or bill of rights; note - the Kingcommissioned a committee to draft a constitution in 2001, but hasyet to be approved

Bolivia2 February 1967; revised in August 1994

Bosnia and Herzegovinathe Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of theentities also has its own constitution

BotswanaMarch 1965, effective 30 September 1966

Brazil5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands1 June 1977

Brunei29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State ofEmergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1January 1984)

Bulgariaadopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso2 June 1991 approved by referendum; 11 June 1991formally adopted

Burma3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); nationalconvention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution;progress has since been stalled

Burundi13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a pluralpolitical system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a TransitionalConstitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created twovice presidents

Cambodiapromulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formallyadopted; revised January 1996

Canada17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machineryof the government was set up in the British North America Act of1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs

Cape Verdenew constitution came into force 25 September 1992;underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantiallyincreasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor deJustica)

Cayman Islands1959, revised 1972 and 1992

Central African Republic passed by referendum 29 December 1994; adopted 7 January 1995

Chadpassed by referendum 31 March 1996

Chile11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981, amended 30 July1989, 1993, and 1997

Chinamost recent promulgation 4 December 1982

Christmas IslandNA

Cocos (Keeling) IslandsCocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955

Colombia5 July 1991

Comoros23 December 2001note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; theGUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978, amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994; in November 1998, a draft constitution was approved by former President Laurent KABILA but it was not ratified by a national referendum; one outcome of the ongoing inter-Congolese dialogue is to be a new constitution

Congo, Republic of the constitution approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands4 August 1965

Costa Rica7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire3 November 1960; has been amended numerous times, lasttime 27 July 1998

Croatiaadopted on 22 December 1990

Cuba24 February 1976, amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new orrevised constitution to govern the island and to better relationsbetween Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governingbodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which wasrenamed the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a newconstitution for the Turkish Cypriot area passed by referendum on 5May 1985

Czech Republicratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993

Denmark1849 was the original constitution; there was a majoroverhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and afemale chief of state

Djiboutimultiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September1992

Dominica3 November 1978

Dominican Republic28 November 1966

East Timor22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Ecuador10 August 1998

Egypt11 September 1971

El Salvador23 December 1983

Equatorial Guineaapproved by national referendum 17 November 1991;amended January 1995

Eritreathe transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, wasreplaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yetimplemented

Estoniaadopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopiaratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998

Faroe Islands5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fijipromulgated on 25 July 1990 and amended on 25 July 1997 toallow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to makemultiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998;note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amendedconstitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed -for the first time at the national level

Finland1 March 2000

France28 September 1958, amended concerning election of presidentin 1962, amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC MaastrichtTreaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended totighten immigration laws 1993

French Guiana28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

French Polynesia28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabonadopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten andapproved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished inJanuary 1997

Georgiaadopted 17 October 1995

Germany23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of theunited German people 3 October 1990

Ghanaapproved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar30 May 1969

Greece11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Grenada19 December 1973

Guadeloupe28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

GuamOrganic Act of 1 August 1950

Guatemala31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993following ouster of president; amended November 1993

Guernseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996

Guyana6 October 1980

Haitiapproved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articlesreinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to beobserving the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October1994

Holy See (Vatican City)Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1March 1968)

Honduras11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995

Hong KongBasic Law approved in March 1990 by China's NationalPeople's Congress is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Hungary18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individualsand constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister andalso established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944

India26 January 1950

IndonesiaAugust 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 andProvisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959

Iran2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of thepresidency and eliminate the prime ministership

Iraqin transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husaynregime by US-led coalition

Ireland29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite

Israelno formal constitution; some of the functions of aconstitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israelicitizenship law

Italy1 January 1948

Jamaica6 August 1962

Japan3 May 1947

Jerseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan8 January 1952

Kazakhstanadopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; firstpost-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993

Kenya12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued withamendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001

Kiribati12 July 1979

Korea, Northadopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972,revised again in April 1992 and September 1998

Korea, South17 July 1948

Kuwaitapproved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstanadopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed byPresident AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at theexpense of the legislature

Laospromulgated 14 August 1991

Latviathe 1991 Constitutional Law, which supplements the 1922constitution, provides for basic rights and freedoms

Lebanon23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recentlyCharter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) ofOctober 1989

Lesotho2 April 1993

Liberia6 January 1986

Libya11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977

Liechtenstein5 October 1921

Lithuaniaadopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg17 October 1868, occasional revisions

MacauBasic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People'sCongress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991 note: in November of 2001, the Macedonian Parliament approved a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights

Madagascar19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi18 May 1994

Malaysia31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963

Maldivesadopted January 1998

Maliadopted 12 January 1992

Malta1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974and again in 1987

Man, Isle ofunwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act,1961, does not embody the Manx Constitution

Marshall Islands1 May 1979

Martinique28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Mauritania12 July 1991

Mauritius12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte28 September 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of10 May 1979

Moldovanew constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Sovietconstitution of 1979

Monaco17 December 1962

Mongolia12 February 1992

Montserratpresent constitution came into force 19 December 1989

Morocco10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to createbicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique30 November 1990


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