Cayman Islands2.8% (2002)
Central African Republic3.6% (2001 est.)
Chad6% (2002 est.)
Chile2.5% (2002 est.)
China-0.8% (2002 est.)
Christmas IslandNA%
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA%
Colombia6.2% (2002 est.)
Comoros3.5% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the16% (2002 est.)
Congo, Republic of the4% (2002 est.)
Cook Islands3.2% (2000 est.)
Costa Rica9.1% (2002 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire3.2% (2002 est.)
Croatia2.2% (2002 est.)
Cuba7.1% (2002 est.)
CyprusGreek Cypriot area: 2.8% (2001 est.); Turkish Cypriot area:24.5% (2002 est.)
Czech Republic0.6% (2002 est.)
Denmark2.3% (2002 est.)
Djibouti2% (2002 est.)
Dominica1% (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic5.3% (2002 est.)
East TimorNA%
Ecuador12.5% (2002 est.)
Egypt4.3% (2002 est.)
El Salvador3.8% (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea6% (2002 est.)
Eritrea15% (2001)
Estonia3.7% (2002 est.)
Ethiopia4% (2003 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)3.6% (1998)
Faroe Islands5.1% (1999)
Fiji2% (2002 est.)
Finland1.9% (2002 est.)
France1.8% (2002 est.)
French Guiana1.5% (2002 est.)
French Polynesia1.5%
Gabon2.3% (2002 est.)
Gambia, The5.5% (2002 est.)
Gaza Strip2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Georgia5.2% (2002 est.)
Germany1.3% (2002 est.)
Ghana14.5% (2002 est.)
Gibraltar1.5% (1998)
Greece3.6% (2002 est.)
Greenland1.6% (1999 est.)
Grenada2.8% (2001 est.)
GuadeloupeNA%
Guam0% (1999 est.)
Guatemala8.1% (2002 est.)
Guernsey3.99% (2000 est.)
Guinea6% (2002 est.)
Guinea-Bissau4% (2002 est.)
Guyana4.7% (2002 est.)
Haiti11.9% (2001 est.)
Honduras7.7% (2002 est.)
Hong Kong3% (2002 est.)
Hungary5.3% (2002 est.)
Iceland5.2% (2002 est.)
India5.4% (2002 est.)
Indonesia11.9% (2002 est.)
Iran15.3% (2002 est.)
Iraq70% (2002 est.)
Ireland4.6% (2002 est.)
Israel5.7% (2002 est.)
Italy2.4% (2002 est.)
Jamaica7% (2002 est.)
Japan-0.9% (2002 est.)
Jersey4.7% (1998)
Jordan3.3% (2002 est.)
Kazakhstan6% (2002 est.)
Kenya1.9% (2002 est.)
Kiribati2.5% (2001 est.)
Korea, NorthNA%
Korea, South2.8% (2002 est.)
Kuwait2% (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan2.1% (2002 est.)
Laos10% (2002 est.)
Latvia2% (2002 est.)
Lebanon3.5% (2002 est.)
Lesotho10% (2002 est.)
Liberia15% (2002 est.)
Libya1% (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein1% (2001)
Lithuania0.8% (2002 est.)
Luxembourg1.6% (2002 est.)
Macau-2.6% (2002 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of1.1% (2002 est.)
Madagascar7.4% (2001 est.)
Malawi27.4% (2001 est.)
Malaysia1.9% (2002 est.)
Maldives1% (2002 est.)
Mali4.5% (2002 est.)
Malta2.4% (2002 est.)
Man, Isle of3.6% (March 2003 est.)
Marshall Islands2% (2001 est.)
Martinique3.9% (1990)
Mauritania3% (2002 est.)
Mauritius6.4% (2002 est.)
MayotteNA%
Mexico6.4% (2002 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of1% (2002 est.)
Moldova5.5% (2002 est.)
MonacoNA%
Mongolia3% (2002 est.)
Montserrat2.6% (2002 est.)
Morocco3.6% (2002 est.)
Mozambique15.2% (2002 est.)
Namibia8% (2001)
Nauru-3.6% (1993)
Nepal2.8% (2001 est.)
Netherlands3.4% (2002 est.)
Netherlands Antilles0.4% (2002 est.)
New Caledonia-0.6% (2000 est.)
New Zealand2.7% (2002 est.)
Nicaragua3.7% (2002 est.)
Niger3% (2002 est.)
Nigeria14.2% (2002 est.)
Niue1% (1995)
Norfolk IslandNA%
Northern Mariana Islands1.2% (1997 est.)
Norway1.3% (2001 est.)
Oman-0.5% (2002 est.)
Pakistan3.9% (2002 est.)
Palau3.4% (2000 est.)
Panama1.1% (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea9.8% (2002 est.)
Paraguay10.5% (2002 est.)
Peru0.2% (2002 est.)
Philippines3.1% (2002 est.)
Pitcairn IslandsNA%
Poland1.9% (2002 est.)
Portugal3.7% (2002 est.)
Puerto Rico5% (2002 est.)
Qatar1.9% (2002)
ReunionNA%
Romania22.5% (2002 est.)
Russia15% (2002 est.)
Rwanda5.5% (2002 est.)
Saint Helena3.2% (1997 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis1.7% (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia3% (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon2.1% (1991-96 average)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-0.4% (2001 est.)
Samoa4% (2001 est.)
San Marino3.3% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe9% (2002 est.)
Saudi Arabia1% (2002 est.)
Senegal3% (2002 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro19% (2002 est.)
Seychelles0.5% (2002 est.)
Sierra Leone1% (2002 est.)
Singapore-0.4% (2002 est.)
Slovakia3.3% (2002 est.)
Slovenia7.4% (2002 est.)
Solomon Islands1.8% (2001 est.)
Somaliaover 100% (businesses print their own money)
South Africa9.9% (2002 est.)
Spain3% (2002 est.)
Sri Lanka9.6% (2002 est.)
Sudan9.2% (2002 est.)
Suriname17% (2002 est.)
SvalbardNA%
Swaziland11.8% (2002 est.)
Sweden2.2% (2002 est.)
Switzerland0.5% (2002 est.)
Syria0.9% (2002 est.)
Taiwan-0.2% (2002 est.)
Tajikistan12% (2001 est.)
Tanzania4.8% (2002 est.)
Thailand0.6% (2002 est.)
Togo4% (2002 est.)
TokelauNA%
Tonga8.4% (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago4.3% (2002 est.)
Tunisia2.5% (2002 est.)
Turkey45.2% (2002 est.)
Turkmenistan5% (2002 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands4% (1995)
Tuvalu5% (2000 est.)
Uganda0.1% (2002 est.)
Ukraine-1.2% (2002 est.)
United Arab Emirates2.8% (2002 est.)
United Kingdom2.1% (2002 est.)
United States1.6% (2002)
Uruguay14.1% (2002 est.)
Uzbekistan26% (2001 est.)
Vanuatu3.2% (2001 est.)
Venezuela31.2% (2002 est.)
Vietnam3.9% (2002 est.)
Virgin Islands2% (1992)
Wallis and FutunaNA%
West Bank2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)
Western SaharaNA%
Worlddeveloped countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely inindividual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflationin several Third World countries
Yemen12.2% (2002 est.)
Zambia21% (2002 est.)
Zimbabwe134.5% (2002 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
======================================================================
@2093 Waterways (km)
Afghanistan 1,200 km note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2001)
Albania43 kmnote: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, andLake Prespa (1990)
Algerianone
American Samoanone
Andorranone
Angola1,295 km
Anguillanone
Antigua and Barbudanone
Argentina10,950 km
ArmeniaNA km
Arubanone
Ashmore and Cartier Islandsnone
Australia8,368 km (mainly used by small, shallow-draft craft)
Austria358 km (1999)
Azerbaijannone
Bahamas, Thenone
Bahrainnone
Baker Islandnone
Bangladeshup to 8,046 km depending on seasonnote: includes 3,058 km main cargo routes
Barbadosnone
Bassas da Indianone
BelarusNA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canaland river systems
Belgium1,570 km (route length in regular commercial use) (2001)
Belize825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonallynavigable)
Beninstreams navigable along small sections, important only locally
Bermudanone
Bhutannone
Bolivia10,000 km (commercially navigable)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaNA km; large sections of the Sava blocked bydowned bridges, silt, and debris
Botswananone
Bouvet Islandnone
Brazil50,000 km
British Indian Ocean Territorynone
British Virgin Islandsnone
Brunei209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
Bulgaria470 km (1987)
Burkina Fasonone
Burma12,800 kmnote: 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
BurundiLake Tanganyika
Cambodia3,700 kmnote: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 kmnavigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
Cameroon2,090 km (of decreasing importance) (2002)
Canada3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)
Cape Verdenone
Cayman Islandsnone
Central African Republic900 kmnote: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draftdugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year tocraft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing asmuch as 1.8 m
Chad2,000 km
Chile725 km
China110,000 km (1999)
Christmas Islandnone
Clipperton Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
Colombia18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996)
Comorosnone
Congo, Democratic Republic of the15,000 km (including the Congo andits tributaries, and unconnected lakes)
Congo, Republic of the1,120 kmnote: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) rivers provide 1,120 km ofcommercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used forlocal traffic only
Cook Islandsnone
Coral Sea Islandsnone
Costa Rica730 km (seasonally navigable)
Cote d'Ivoire980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastallagoons)
Croatia785 kmnote: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked bydowned bridges, silt, and debris)
Cuba240 km
Cyprusnone
Czech Republic 303 km note: the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river (2000)
Denmark417 km
Djiboutinone
Dominicanone
Dominican Republicnone
East TimorNA
Ecuador1,500 km
Egypt3,500 kmnote: includes the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, andnumerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km includingapproaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water
El SalvadorRio Lempa partially navigable
Equatorial Guineanone
Eritreanone
Estonia320 km (perennially navigable) (2002)
Ethiopianone
Europa Islandnone
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none
Faroe Islandsnone
Fiji203 kmnote: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
Finland6,675 kmnote: includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships
France14,932 km (6,969 km heavily traveled)
French Guiana3,300 km navigable by native craftnote: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal andriver steamers
French Polynesianone
French Southern and Antarctic Landsnone
Gabon1,600 km (perennially navigable)
Gambia, The400 km
Gaza Stripnone
Georgianone
Germany7,500 kmnote: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is animportant connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999)
Ghana1,293 kmnote: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennialnavigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 kmof arterial and feeder waterways
Gibraltarnone
Glorioso Islandsnone
Greece80 kmnote: system consists of three coastal canals including the CorinthCanal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting theGulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyagefrom the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are alsothree unconnected rivers
Greenlandnone
Grenadanone
Guadeloupenone
Guamnone
Guatemala990 kmnote: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigableduring highwater season
Guernseynone
Guinea1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft)
Guinea-Bissauseveral rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
Guyana5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable byoceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
HaitiNEGL; less than 100 km navigable
Heard Island and McDonald Islandsnone
Holy See (Vatican City)none
Honduras465 km (navigable by small craft)
Hong Kongnone
Howland Islandnone
Hungary1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997)
Icelandnone
India16,180 kmnote: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels
Indonesia21,579 km totalnote: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Iran904 kmnote: the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic forabout 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use
Iraq1,015 kmnote: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic forabout 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigrisand Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draftboats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craftbefore closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war
Ireland700 km (limited facilities for commercial traffic) (1998)
Israelnone
Italy2,400 kmnote: serves various types of commercial traffic, although oflimited overall value (2002)
Jamaicanone
Jan Mayennone
Japan1,770 km approximatelynote: seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas
Jarvis Islandnone
Jerseynone
Johnston Atollnone
Jordannone
Juan de Nova Islandnone
Kazakhstan3,900 kmnote: on the Syr Darya (Syrdariya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers
KenyaNAnote: part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries ofKenya
Kingman Reefnone
Kiribati5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
Korea, North2,253 kmnote: mostly navigable by small craft only
Korea, South1,609 kmnote: restricted to small native craft
Kuwaitnone
Kyrgyzstan600 km (1990)
Laos4,587 km approximatelynote: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km areintermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m
Latvia300 km (perennially navigable)
Lebanonnone
Lesothonone
Liberianone
Libyanone
Liechtensteinnone
Lithuania600 km (perennially navigable)
Luxembourg37 km (on the Moselle)
Macaunone
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of note: lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
Madagascar of local importance only
Malawi144 kmnote: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall
Malaysia7,296 kmnote: Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km
Maldivesnone
Mali1,815 km
Maltanone
Man, Isle ofnone
Marshall Islandsnone
Martiniquenone
Mauritanianote: ferry traffic on the Senegal River
Mauritiusnone
Mayottenone
Mexico 2,900 km note: navigable rivers and coastal canals
Micronesia, Federated States ofnone
Midway Islandsnone
Moldova424 km (1994)
Monaconone
Mongolia400 km (1999)
Montserratnone
Morocconone
Mozambique3,750 km (navigable routes)
Namibianone
Naurunone
Navassa Islandnone
Nepalnone
Netherlands5,046 km (of which 3,745 km are canals)note: 47% of total route length is usable by craft of1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger
Netherlands Antillesnone
New Caledonianone
New Zealand1,609 kmnote: of little importance in satisfying total transportationrequirements
Nicaragua2,220 km (including 2 large lakes)
Niger300 kmnote: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Beninfrontier from mid-December through March
Nigeria8,575 kmnote: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller riversand creeks
Niuenone
Norfolk Islandnone
Northern Mariana Islandsnone
Norway1,577 km (along west coast)note: navigable by 2.4 m maximum draft vessels
Omannone
Pakistannone
Palaunone
Palmyra Atollnone
Panama 882 km note: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal
Papua New Guinea10,940 km
Paracel Islandsnone
Paraguay3,100 km
Peru8,808 kmnote: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 kmof Lago Titicaca
Philippines 3,219 km note: limited to vessels with a draft of less than 1.5 m
Pitcairn Islandsnone
Poland3,812 km (navigable rivers and canals) (1996)
Portugal820 kmnote: relatively unimportant to national economy, used byshallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
Puerto Riconone
Qatarnone
Reunionnone
Romania1,724 km (1984)
Russia95,900 km (total routes in general use)note: routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet- 95,900 km; routes with night navigational aids - 60,400 km;man-made navigable routes - 16,900 km (January 1994)
Rwandanote: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and nativecraft
Saint Helenanone
Saint Kitts and Nevisnone
Saint Lucianone
Saint Pierre and Miquelonnone
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesnone
Samoanone
San Marinonone
Sao Tome and Principenone
Saudi Arabianone
Senegal897 kmnote: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
Serbia and Montenegro587 kmnote: the Danube River, central Europe's connection to the BlackSea, runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge,replacing a destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed rivertraffic at Novi Sad; the obstruction is bypassed by a canal system,but the inadequate lock size limits the size of vessels which maypass; the pontoon bridge can be opened for large ships but hasslowed river traffic (2001)
Seychellesnone
Sierra Leone800 km (of which 600 km is navigable year round)
Singaporenone
Slovakia172 km (all on the Danube)
SloveniaNA
Solomon Islandsnone
Somalianone
South AfricaNA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islandsnone
Spain1,045 km (of minor economic importance)
Spratly Islandsnone
Sri Lanka430 km (navigable by shallow-draft craft)
Sudan5,310 km
Suriname1,200 kmnote: most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels withdrafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways
Svalbardnone
Swazilandnone
Sweden2,052 kmnote: navigable to small steamers and barges
Switzerland65 kmnote: The Rhine carries heavy traffic on the Basel-Rheinfelden andSchaffhausen-Bodensee stretches; there are also 12 navigable lakes
Syria870 km (minimal economic importance)
TaiwanNA
Tajikistannone
Tanzanianote: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa areprincipal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors onthose lakes
Thailand4,000 kmnote: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats withdrafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serveshallow-draft native craft
Togo50 km (Mono river)
Tokelaunone
Tonganone
Trinidad and Tobagonone
Tromelin Islandnone
Tunisianone
Turkey1,200 km (approximately)
Turkmenistanthe Amu Darya is an important inland waterway forTurkmenistan, as is the man-made Kara Kum canal
Turks and Caicos Islandsnone
Tuvalunone
UgandaLake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, LakeEdward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
Ukraine4,499 kmnote: 1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dniester (Dnister) (1990)
United Arab Emiratesnone
United Kingdom3,200 km
United States 41,009 km note: navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes
Uruguay1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
Uzbekistan1,100 km (1990)
Vanuatunone
Venezuela7,100 kmnote: Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels
Vietnam17,702 kmnote: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to1.8 m draft
Virgin Islandsnone
Wake Islandnone
Wallis and Futunanone
West Banknone
Western Saharanone
Yemennone
Zambia2,250 kmnote: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
Zimbabwechrome ore is transported from Harare - by way of the MazoeRiver - to the Zambezi River in Mozambique
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
======================================================================
@2094 Judicial branch
Afghanistanthe Bonn Agreement called for the establishment of aSupreme Court; there is also a Minister of Justice
AlbaniaSupreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assemblyfor a four-year term)
AlgeriaSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
American SamoaHigh Court (chief justice and associate justices areappointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
AndorraTribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of theCourts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra orTribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justiceor Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or MinisteriFiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
AngolaSupreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed bythe president)
AnguillaHigh Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean SupremeCourt)
Antigua and BarbudaEastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in SaintLucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islandsand presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
ArgentinaSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Courtjudges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)
ArmeniaConstitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)
ArubaJoint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by themonarch)
AustraliaHigh Court (the chief justice and six other justices areappointed by the governor general)
AustriaSupreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Courtor Verfassungsgerichtshof
AzerbaijanSupreme Court
Bahamas, TheSupreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts
BahrainHigh Civil Appeals Court
BangladeshSupreme Court (the chief justices and other judges areappointed by the president)
BarbadosSupreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by theService Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)
BelarusSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the presidentand half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)
BelgiumSupreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) orCour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by themonarch, although selected by the Government)
BelizeSupreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governorgeneral on the advice of the prime minister)
BeninConstitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Courtor Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice
BermudaSupreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
BhutanSupreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judgesappointed by the monarch)
BoliviaSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-yearterms by National Congress); District Courts (one in eachdepartment); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBiH Constitutional Court (consists of ninemembers: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation'sHouse of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska'sNational Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president ofthe European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists ofnine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate andCriminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level lawand appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities;note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date)note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has anumber of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in theFederation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpskahas five municipal courts
BotswanaHigh Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one ineach district)
BrazilSupreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed by thepresident and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice;Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life)
British Virgin IslandsEastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consistingof the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge ofthe Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over theHigh Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of SummaryJurisdiction
BruneiSupreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by themonarch for three-year terms)
BulgariaSupreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-yearterms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of thetwo Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, andinvestigating magistrates in the justice system; members of theSupreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected bythe National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)
Burkina FasoSupreme Court; Appeals Court
Burmaremnants of the British-era legal system are in place, butthere is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is notindependent of the executive
BurundiSupreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courtsof Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals ofFirst Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small localtribunals)
CambodiaSupreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in theconstitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lowercourts) exercises judicial authority
CameroonSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); HighCourt of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges,elected by the National Assembly)
CanadaSupreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the primeminister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are namedvariously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Cape VerdeSupreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Cayman IslandsSummary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court ofAppeal
Central African RepublicSupreme Court or Cour Supreme;Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by thepresident of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Courtof Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts
ChadSupreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; MagistrateCourts
ChileSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by thepresident and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidatesprovided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court iselected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal
ChinaSupreme People's Court (judges appointed by the NationalPeople's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarilymilitary, maritime, and railway transport courts)
Christmas IslandSupreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsSupreme Court; Magistrate's Court
Colombiafour coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court ofJustice or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law;judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council ofJustice for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court ofadministrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of theHigher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); ConstitutionalCourt (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules onconstitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, andinternational treaties); Higher Council of Justice (administers anddisciplines the civilian judiciary; members of the disciplinarychamber resolve jurisdictional conflicts arising between othercourts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress foreight-year terms)
ComorosSupreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by thepresident, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one electedby the Council of each island, and others are former presidents ofthe republic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of theSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
Congo, Republic of theSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
Cook IslandsHigh Court
Costa RicaSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are electedfor eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
Cote d'IvoireSupreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of fourchambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber forfinancial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limitto the number of members
CroatiaSupreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courtsappointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of theRepublic, which is elected by the House of Representatives
CubaPeople's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,vice president, and other judges are elected by the NationalAssembly)
CyprusSupreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the presidentand vice president)note: there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish Cypriot area
Czech RepublicSupreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman anddeputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
DenmarkSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
DjiboutiSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
DominicaEastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court ofAppeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the sixjudges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of SummaryJurisdiction)
Dominican RepublicSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges areelected by a Council made up of members of the legislative andexecutive branches with the president presiding)
East TimorSupreme Court of Justice, one judge appointed by theNational Parliament and the rest appointed by the Superior Councilfor the Judiciary
EcuadorSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected bythe full Supreme Court)
EgyptSupreme Constitutional Court
El SalvadorSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected bythe Legislative Assembly)
Equatorial GuineaSupreme Tribunal
Eritreaor High Court, regional, subregional, and village courts;also have military and special courts
EstoniaNational Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)
EthiopiaFederal Supreme Court (the president and vice president ofthe Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister andappointed by the House of People's Representatives; for otherfederal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People'sRepresentatives for appointment candidates selected by the FederalJudicial Administrative Council)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Faroe Islandsnone
FijiSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court ofAppeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts
FinlandSupreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by thepresident)
FranceSupreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges areappointed by the president from nominations of the High Council ofthe Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by thepresident of the National Assembly, and three appointed by thepresident of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat
French GuianaCourt of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local courtbased in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,and French Guiana)
French PolynesiaCourt of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the FirstInstance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of AdministrativeLaw or Tribunal Administratif
GabonSupreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courtsof Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
Gambia, TheSupreme Court
GeorgiaSupreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on thepresident's recommendation); Constitutional Court
GermanyFederal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by theBundesrat)
GhanaSupreme Court
GibraltarSupreme Court; Court of Appeal
GreeceSupreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judgesappointed for life by the president after consultation with ajudicial council
GreenlandHigh Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the OstreLandsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court inCopenhagen)
GrenadaWest Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associatejudge resides in Grenada)
GuadeloupeCourt of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction overGuadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique
GuamFederal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms bythe governor)
GuatemalaSupreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia(thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect apresident of the Court each year from among their number; thepresident of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trialjudges around the country, who are named to five-year terms);Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judgesare elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each servingone year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected byCongress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointedby the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad SanCarlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)
GuernseyRoyal Court
GuineaCourt of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Guinea-BissauSupreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consistsof nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at hispleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appealsfor Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil casesvalued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are notnecessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 andmisdemeanor criminal cases)
GuyanaSupreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; HighCourt
HaitiSupreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Holy See (Vatican City)there are three tribunals responsible forcivil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three othertribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy Seenote: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of PiusXII on 1 May 1946
HondurasSupreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Hong KongCourt of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region
HungaryConstitutional Court (judges are elected by the NationalAssembly for nine-year terms)
IcelandSupreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed forlife by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justicesare appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)
IndiaSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president andremain in office until they reach the age of 65)
IndonesiaSupreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by thepresident from a list of candidates approved by the legislature);note - the Supreme Court is preparing to assume administrativeresponsibility for the lower court system, currently run by theMinistry of Justice and Human Rights; a separate ConstitutionalCourt was invested by the president on 16 August 2003
IranSupreme Court
Iraqin transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husaynregime by US-led coalition
IrelandSupreme Court (judges appointed by the president on theadvice of the prime minister and cabinet)
IsraelSupreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)
ItalyConstitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected byParliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrativeSupreme Courts)
JamaicaSupreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general onthe advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal
JapanSupreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch afterdesignation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by thecabinet)
JerseyRoyal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and thebailiff)
JordanCourt of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)
KazakhstanSupreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7members)
KenyaCourt of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);High Court
KiribatiCourt of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judgesat all levels are appointed by the president
Korea, NorthCentral Court (judges are elected by the SupremePeople's Assembly)
Korea, SouthSupreme Court (justices are appointed by the presidentwith the consent of the National Assembly)
KuwaitHigh Court of Appeal
KyrgyzstanSupreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms bythe Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration
LaosPeople's Supreme Court (the president of the People's SupremeCourt is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation ofthe National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of thePeople's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the NationalAssembly Standing Committee)
LatviaSupreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed byParliament)