Trinidad and Tobagototal: 24.64 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 26.58 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 22.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Tunisiatotal: 25.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 28.7 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Turkeytotal: 42.62 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 46.3 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 38.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Turkmenistantotal: 73.13 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 69.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islandstotal: 16.27 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 18.79 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Tuvalutotal: 20.69 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 23.63 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Ugandatotal: 86.15 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 93.58 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 78.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Ukrainetotal: 20.61 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 21.87 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 19.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
United Arab Emiratestotal: 15.06 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 17.71 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
United Kingdomtotal: 5.22 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 5.83 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 4.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
United Statestotal: 6.63 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 7.31 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 5.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Uruguaytotal: 12.31 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 13.67 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 10.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Uzbekistantotal: 71.3 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 75.03 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 67.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Vanuatutotal: 56.63 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 59.25 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 53.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Venezuelatotal: 22.99 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 26.18 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 19.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Vietnamtotal: 29.88 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 33.71 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 25.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Virgin Islandstotal: 8.21 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 9.31 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 7.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futunatotal: NAmale: NAfemale: NA
West Banktotal: 20.16 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 22.28 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 17.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Western Saharatotal: NAmale: NAfemale: NA
Worldtotal: 50.31 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 52.17 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 48.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Yementotal: 63.26 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 68.12 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 58.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Zambiatotal: 98.4 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 105.6 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 90.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Zimbabwetotal: 67.08 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 69.74 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 64.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)
Afghanistan5.2% (2003)
Albania2.4% (2003)
Algeria3.5% (2003 est.)
American SamoaNA (2003 est.)
Andorra4.3% (2000)
Angola76.6% (2003 est.)
Anguilla2.3%
Antigua and Barbuda0.4% (2000 est.)
Argentina13.4% (2003)
Armenia4.8% (2003 est.)
Aruba3.2% (2002 est.)
Australia2.8% (2003 est.)
Austria1.4% (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan2.1% (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The1.7% (2002 est.)
Bahrain-0.2% (2003 est.)
Bangladesh5.6% (2003 est.)
Barbados-0.5% (2003 est.)
Belarus28.2% (2003 est.)
Belgium1.6% (2003 est.)
Belize2.6% (2003 est.)
Benin1.5% (2003 est.)
Bermuda3.3% (mid-2003 est.)
Bhutan3% (2002 est.)
Bolivia3.3% (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina0.9% (2003 est.)
Botswana9.2% (2003 est.)
Brazil14.7% (2003)
British Virgin Islands2.5% (2002)
Brunei-2% (2002 est.)
Bulgaria2.3% (2003 est.)
Burkina Faso1.9% (2003 est.)
Burma49.7% (2003 est.)
Burundi10.7% (2003 est.)
Cambodia1.7% (2003 est.)
Cameroon2.3% (2003 est.)
Canada2.8% (2003 est.)
Cape Verde3% (2003)
Cayman Islands2.8% (2002)
Central African Republic3.6% (2001 est.)
Chad6% (2003 est.)
Chile2.8% (2003 est.)
China1.2% (2003 est.)
Christmas IslandNA
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA
Colombia7.1% (2003 est.)
Comoros3.5% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the14% (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the2.4% (2003 est.)
Cook Islands3.2% (2000 est.)
Costa Rica9.4% (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire3.4% (2003 est.)
Croatia1.8% (2003 est.)
Cuba4.1% (2003 est.)
CyprusRepublic of Cyprus: 4.1% (2003 est.); north Cyprus: 12.6%(2003 est.)
Czech Republic0.1% (2003 est.)
Denmark2.1% (2003 est.)
Djibouti2% (2002 est.)
Dominica1% (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic27.5% (2003 est.)
East Timor8% NA (2003 est.)
Ecuador7.9% (2003 est.)
Egypt4.3% (2003 est.)
El Salvador2.1% (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea6% (2003 est.)
Eritrea12.3% (2003)
Estonia1.3% (2003 est.)
Ethiopia17.8% (2003 est.)
European Union2% (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)3.6% (1998)
Faroe Islands5.1% (1999)
Fiji1.6% (2002 est.)
Finland0.9% (2003 est.)
France2.1% (2003 est.)
French Guiana1.5% (2002 est.)
French Polynesia1.5% (2002 est.)
Gabon0.5% (2003 est.)
Gambia, The14% (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Georgia4.8% (2003 est.)
Germany1.1% (2003 est.)
Ghana26.7% (2003 est.)
Gibraltar1.5% (1998)
Greece3.6% (2003 est.)
Greenland1.6% (1999 est.)
Grenada2.8% (2001 est.)
GuadeloupeNA (2003 est.)
Guam0% (1999 est.)
Guatemala5.5% (2003 est.)
Guernsey4% (2000 est.)
Guinea14.8% (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau4% (2002 est.)
Guyana5.7% (2003 est.)
Haiti37.8% (2003 est.)
Honduras7.7% (2003 est.)
Hong Kong-2.6% (2003 est.)
Hungary4.7% (2003 est.)
Iceland2.1% (2003 est.)
India3.8% (2003 est.)
Indonesia6.6% (2003 est.)
Iran16.4% (2003 est.)
Iraq29.3% (2003 est.)
Ireland3.5% (2003 est.)
Israel0.7% (2003 est.)
Italy2.7% (2003 est.)
Jamaica10.3% (2003 est.)
Japan-0.3% (2003 est.)
Jersey4.7% (1998)
Jordan2.4% (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan6.6% (2003 est.)
Kenya9.8% (2003 est.)
Kiribati2.5% (2001 est.)
Korea, NorthNA (2003 est.)
Korea, South3.6% (2003 est.)
Kuwait1.2% (2003 est.)
Kyrgyzstan3.5% (2003 est.)
Laos15.3% (2003 est.)
Latvia2.9% (2003 est.)
Lebanon2.5% (2003 est.)
Lesotho6.1% (2003 est.)
Liberia15% (2003 est.)
Libya2.8% (2003 est.)
Liechtenstein1% (2001)
Lithuania-1.2% (2003 est.)
Luxembourg2% (2003 est.)
Macau-2.6% (2003 est.)
Macedonia1.2% (2003 est.)
Madagascar8% (2003 est.)
Malawi9.5% (2003 est.)
Malaysia1.1% (2003 est.)
Maldives1% (2002 est.)
Mali4.5% (2002 est.)
Malta0.4% (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of3.6% (March 2003 est.)
Marshall Islands2% (2001 est.)
Martinique3.9% (1990)
Mauritania7% (2003 est.)
Mauritius4.2% (2003 est.)
MayotteNA
Mexico4.5% (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of1% (2002 est.)
Moldova11.6% (2003 est.)
MonacoNA (2000)
Mongolia1.5% (2002 est.)
Montserrat2.6% (2002 est.)
Morocco1.2% (2003 est.)
Mozambique14% (2003 est.)
Namibia7.3% (2003)
Nauru-3.6% (1993)
Nepal2.9% (2002 est.)
Netherlands2.1% (2003 est.)
Netherlands Antilles2.1% (2003 est.)
New Caledonia-0.6% (2000 est.)
New Zealand1.8% (2003 est.)
Nicaragua5.3% (2003 est.)
Niger3% (2002 est.)
Nigeria13.8% (2003 est.)
Niue1% (1995)
Norfolk IslandNA
Northern Mariana Islands1.2% (1997 est.)
Norway2.5% (2003 est.)
Oman-0.3% (2003 est.)
Pakistan2.9% (2003 est.)
Palau3.4% (2000 est.)
Panama1.4% (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea14.7% (2003 est.)
Paraguay14.2% (2003 est.)
Peru2.3% (2003 est.)
Philippines3.1% (2003 est.)
Pitcairn IslandsNA
Poland0.7% (2003 est.)
Portugal3.3% (2003 est.)
Puerto Rico6.5% (2003 est.)
Qatar2.3% (2003)
ReunionNA
Romania15.3% (2003)
Russia13.7% (2003 est.)
Rwanda7.5% (2003 est.)
Saint Helena3.2% (1997 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis1.7% (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia3% (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon2.1% (1991-96 average)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-0.4% (2001 est.)
Samoa4% (2001 est.)
San Marino3.3% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe9% (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia0.5% (2003 est.)
Senegal0% (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro11.2% (2003 est.)
Seychelles3.3% (2003 est.)
Sierra Leone1% (2002 est.)
Singapore0.5% (2003 est.)
Slovakia8.6% (2003 est.)
Slovenia5.6% (2003 est.)
Solomon Islands9% (2002 est.)
Somalianote - businesses print their own money, so inflation ratescannot be sensibly determined (2003 est.)
South Africa5.9% (2003 est.)
Spain3% (2003 est.)
Sri Lanka6.3% (2003 est.)
Sudan8.8% (2003 est.)
Suriname17% (2002 est.)
SvalbardNA
Swaziland7.3% (2003 est.)
Sweden1.9% (2003 est.)
Switzerland0.6% (2003 est.)
Syria1.5% (2003 est.)
Taiwan-0.3% (2003 est.)
Tajikistan16.3% (2003 est.)
Tanzania4.4% (2003 est.)
Thailand1.8% (2003 est.)
Togo-1% (2003 est.)
TokelauNA
Tonga10.3% (2002 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago3.8% (2003 est.)
Tunisia2.7% (2003 est.)
Turkey25.3% (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan9.5% (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands4% (1995)
Tuvalu5% (2000 est.)
Uganda7.9% (2003 est.)
Ukraine5.2% (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates3.2% (2003 est.)
United Kingdom1.4% (2003 est.)
United States2.3% (2003)
Uruguay19.4% (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan13.1% (2003 est.)
Vanuatu2% (2002 est.)
Venezuela31.1% (2003 est.)
Vietnam3.1% (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands2.2% (2003)
Wallis and FutunaNA
West Bank2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)
Western SaharaNA
Worlddeveloped countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely inindividual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflationin several Third World countries (2003 est.)
Yemen10.8% (2003 est.)
Zambia21.4% (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe384.7% (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@2093 Waterways (km)
Afghanistan 1,200 km note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2004)
Albania43 km (2004)
Angola1,300 km (2004)
Argentina11,000 km (2004)
Australia2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray andMurray-Darling river systems) (2004)
Austria358 km (2003)
Bangladesh8,372 kmnote: includes 2,575 km main cargo routes (2004)
Belarus2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of countryand by shallowness) (2003)
Belgium2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003)
Belize825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2004)
Benin150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2004)
Bolivia10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2004)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaSava River (northern border) open to shippingbut use limited because of no agreement with neighboring countries(2004)
Brazil50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population)(2004)
Brunei209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)
Bulgaria470 km (2004)
Burma12,800 km (2004)
Burundimainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)
Cambodia2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004)
Cameroonnavigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainyseason (2004)
Canada631 kmnote: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the SaintLawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)
Central African Republic2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui andSangha rivers) (2004)
ChadChari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)
China121,557 km (2002)
Colombia9,187 km (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15,000 km (navigation on the Congo curtailed by fighting) (2004)
Congo, Republic of the4,385 km (on Congo and Oubanqui rivers) (2004)
Costa Rica730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastallagoons) (2003)
Croatia785 km (2004)
Cuba240 km (2004)
Czech Republic664 km (on Elbe, Vlatava, and Oder rivers) (2004)
Denmark417 km (2001)
Ecuador1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003)
Egypt3,500 kmnote: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km includingapproaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m(2004)
El SalvadorRio Lempa partially navigable (2004)
Estonia500 km (2003)
European Union53,512 km
Fiji203 kmnote: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges(2004)
Finland7,842 kmnote: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leasedfrom Russia (2004)
France8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons)(2000)
French Guiana3,760 kmnote: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal andriver steamers, 3,300 km by native craft (2004)
Gabon1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2003)
Gambia, The390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels canreach 190 km) (2004)
Germany7,300 kmnote: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links NorthSea and Black Sea (2004)
Ghana1,293 kmnote: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tanorivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta(2003)
Greece6 kmnote: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortenssea voyage by 325 km (2004)
Guatemala990 kmnote: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigableduring high-water season (2004)
Guinea1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2003)
Guinea-Bissau4 largest rivers are navigable for some distance; manyinlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior(2004)
Guyana1,077 kmnote: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable byoceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2004)
Honduras465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2004)
Hungary1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2004)
India14,500 kmnote: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable formechanized vessels (2004)
Indonesia21,579 kmnote: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km (2004)
Iran850 km (on Karun River and Lake Urmia) (2004)
Iraq5,275 km (not all navigable)note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,895 km), and ThirdRiver (565 km) are principal waterways (2004)
Ireland753 km (pleasure craft only) (2004)
Italy2,400 kmnote: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value comparedto road and rail (2004)
Japan1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2004)
Kazakhstan4,000 kmnote: on the Syr Darya (Syrdariya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers (2004)
Kenyapart of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya(2004)
Kiribati5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2003)
Korea, North2,250 kmnote: most navigable only by small craft (2004)
Korea, South1,608 kmnote: most navigable only by small craft (2004)
Kyrgyzstan600 km (2004)
Laos4,600 kmnote: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km areintermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2003)
Latvia300 km (2004)
Liechtenstein28 km (2004)
Lithuania600 km (2004)
Luxembourg37 km (on Moselle River) (2003)
Madagascar600 km (2004)
Malawi700 kmnote: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River (2003)
Malaysia7,200 kmnote: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km(2004)
Mali1,815 km (2004)
Mauritaniasome ferry traffic on Senegal River (2004)
Mexico 2,900 km note: navigable rivers and coastal canals (2004)
Moldova424 km (2004)
Mongolia580 kmnote: only waterway in operation is Lake Khovsgol (135 km); SelengeRiver (270 km) and Orkhon River (175 km) are navigable but carrylittle traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from Mayto September (2004)
Mozambique460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along CahoraBassa Lake) (2004)
Netherlands5,046 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2004)
Nicaragua2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (1997)
Niger300 kmnote: Niger River is navigable to Gaya between September and March(2004)
Nigeria8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers andcreeks) (2004)
Panama800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2004)
Papua New Guinea10,940 km (2003)
Paraguay3,100 km (2004)
Peru8,808 kmnote: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 kmof Lago Titicaca (2004)
Philippines 3,219 km note: limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m (2004)
Poland3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2003)
Portugal210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)
Romania1,731 km (2004)
Russia96,000 kmnote: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, WhiteSea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2004)
RwandaLac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft(2004)
Senegal1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamancerivers) (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro587 kmnote: Danube River traffic delayed by pontoon bridge at Novi Sad;plan to replace by summer of 2005 (2004)
Sierra Leone800 km (2003)
Slovakia172 km (on Danube River) (2004)
Spain1,045 km (2003)
Sri Lanka160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2004)
Sudan4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nilerivers) (2004)
Suriname1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m)(2003)
Switzerland65 kmnote: Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden andSchaffhausen-Bodensee, some canals, and 12 navigable lakes (2003)
Syria900 km (not economically significant) (2002)
Tajikistan200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2003)
TanzaniaLake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principalavenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable(2004)
Thailand 4,000 km note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2003)
Togo50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2003)
Turkey1,200 km (2003)
Turkmenistan1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inlandwaterways) (2003)
Uganda300 km (on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga,and parts of Albert Nile) (2004 est.)
Ukraine1,672 km (most on Dnieper River) (2004)
United Kingdom3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2004)
United States41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce)note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the SaintLawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2004)
Uruguay1,600 km (2002)
Uzbekistan1,100 km (2004)
Venezuela7,100 kmnote: Orinoco River and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoingvessels, Orinoco for 400 km (2004)
Vietnam17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft)(2004)
Zambia2,250 kmnote: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers(2003)
Zimbabweon Lake Kariba, length small (2003)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@2094 Judicial branch
Afghanistanthe new constitution establishes a nine-member SteraMahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga)and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also aMinister of Justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human RightsCommission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged withinvestigating human rights abuses and war crimes
AlbaniaConstitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected bythe People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appealsand district courts
AlgeriaSupreme Court or Court Supreme
American SamoaHigh Court (chief justice and associate justices areappointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
AndorraTribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of theCourts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra orTribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justiceor Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or MinisteriFiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
AngolaSupreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed bythe president)
AnguillaHigh Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean SupremeCourt)
Antigua and BarbudaEastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in SaintLucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islandsand presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
ArgentinaSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Courtjudges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)
ArmeniaConstitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)
ArubaJoint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by themonarch)
AustraliaHigh Court (the chief justice and six other justices areappointed by the governor general)
AustriaSupreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Courtor Verfassungsgerichtshof
AzerbaijanSupreme Court
Bahamas, TheSupreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts
BahrainHigh Civil Appeals Court
BangladeshSupreme Court (the chief justices and other judges areappointed by the president)
BarbadosSupreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by theService Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)
BelarusSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the presidentand half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)
BelgiumSupreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) orCour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by theGovernment; candidacies have to be submitted by the High JusticeCouncil)
BelizeSupreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governorgeneral on the advice of the prime minister)
BeninConstitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Courtor Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice
BermudaSupreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
BhutanSupreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judgesappointed by the monarch)
BoliviaSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-yearterms by National Congress); District Courts (one in eachdepartment); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBiH Constitutional Court (consists of ninemembers: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation'sHouse of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska'sNational Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president ofthe European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists ofnine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate andCriminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level lawand appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities;note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date)note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has anumber of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in theFederation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpskahas five municipal courts
BotswanaHigh Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one ineach district)
BrazilSupreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed for lifeby the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal ofJustice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life);note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federalemployees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70
British Virgin IslandsEastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consistingof the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge ofthe Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over theHigh Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of SummaryJurisdiction
BruneiSupreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by themonarch for three-year terms)
BulgariaSupreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-yearterms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of thetwo Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, andinvestigating magistrates in the justice system; members of theSupreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected bythe National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)
Burkina FasoSupreme Court; Appeals Court
Burmaremnants of the British-era legal system are in place, butthere is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is notindependent of the executive
BurundiSupreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courtsof Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals ofFirst Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small localtribunals)
CambodiaSupreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in theconstitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lowercourts) exercises judicial authority
CameroonSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); HighCourt of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges,elected by the National Assembly)
CanadaSupreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the primeminister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are namedvariously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Cape VerdeSupreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Cayman IslandsSummary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court ofAppeal
Central African RepublicSupreme Court or Cour Supreme;Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by thepresident of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Courtof Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts
ChadSupreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; MagistrateCourts
ChileSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by thepresident and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidatesprovided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court iselected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal
ChinaSupreme People's Court (judges appointed by the NationalPeople's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarilymilitary, maritime, and railway transport courts)
Christmas IslandSupreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsSupreme Court; Magistrate's Court
Colombiafour roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; SupremeCourt of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court ofcriminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nomineesof the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council ofState (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected fromthe nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms);Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of theconstitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to theconstitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council(administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolvesjurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members areelected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)
ComorosSupreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by thepresident, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one electedby the Council of each island, and others are former presidents ofthe republic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of theSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
Congo, Republic of theSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
Cook IslandsHigh Court
Costa RicaSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are electedfor eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
Cote d'IvoireSupreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of fourchambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber forfinancial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limitto the number of members
CroatiaSupreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courtsappointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of theRepublic, which is elected by the Assembly
CubaPeople's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,vice president, and other judges are elected by the NationalAssembly)
CyprusSupreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the presidentand vice president)note: there is also a Supreme Court in north Cyprus
Czech RepublicSupreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman anddeputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
DenmarkSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
DjiboutiSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
DominicaEastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court ofAppeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the sixjudges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of SummaryJurisdiction)
Dominican RepublicSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges areappointed by a the National Judicial Council comprised of thePresident, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the Presidentof the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non-governing partymember)
East TimorSupreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for onejudge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed bySuperior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court isestablished, Court of Appeals is highest court
EcuadorSupreme Court or Corte Suprema; note - per the Constitution,new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; In December2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire court via asimple-majority resolution
EgyptSupreme Constitutional Court
El SalvadorSupreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected bythe Legislative Assembly)
Equatorial GuineaSupreme Tribunal
EritreaHigh Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; alsohave military and special courts
EstoniaNational Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)
EthiopiaFederal Supreme Court (the president and vice president ofthe Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister andappointed by the House of People's Representatives; for otherfederal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People'sRepresentatives for appointment candidates selected by the FederalJudicial Administrative Council)
European UnionEuropean Court of Justice (ensures that the treatiesare interpreted and applied correctly) - 25 Justices (one from eachmember state) appointed for a six-year term; note - for the sake ofefficiency, the court can sit with 11 justices known as the "GrandChamber"; Court of First Instance - 25 justices appointed for asix-year term
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Faroe Islandsnone
FijiSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court ofAppeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts
FinlandSupreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by thepresident)
FranceSupreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges areappointed by the president from nominations of the High Council ofthe Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by thepresident of the National Assembly, and three appointed by thepresident of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat
French GuianaCourt of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local courtbased in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,and French Guiana)
French PolynesiaCourt of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the FirstInstance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of AdministrativeLaw or Tribunal Administratif
GabonSupreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courtsof Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
Gambia, TheSupreme Court
GeorgiaSupreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on thepresident's recommendation); Constitutional Court; first and secondinstance courts
GermanyFederal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by theBundesrat)
GhanaSupreme Court
GibraltarSupreme Court; Court of Appeal
GreeceSupreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judgesappointed for life by the president after consultation with ajudicial council
GreenlandHigh Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the OstreLandsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court inCopenhagen)
GrenadaWest Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associatejudge resides in Grenada)
GuadeloupeCourt of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction overGuadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique
GuamFederal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms bythe governor)
GuatemalaConstitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad isGuatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrentfive-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president ofthe Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected bythe Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, oneelected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala,and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or CorteSuprema de Justicia (thirteen members serve concurrent five-yearterms and elect a president of the Court each year from among theirnumber; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice alsosupervises trial judges around the country, who are named tofive-year terms)
GuernseyRoyal Court
GuineaCourt of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Guinea-BissauSupreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consistsof nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at hispleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appealsfor Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil casesvalued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are notnecessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 andmisdemeanor criminal cases)
GuyanaSupreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; HighCourt
HaitiSupreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Holy See (Vatican City)there are three tribunals responsible forcivil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three othertribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy Seenote: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of PiusXII on 1 May 1946
HondurasSupreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Hong KongCourt of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region
HungaryConstitutional Court (judges are elected by the NationalAssembly for nine-year terms)
IcelandSupreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed forlife by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justicesare appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)
IndiaSupreme Court (judges are appointed by the president andremain in office until they reach the age of 65)
IndonesiaSupreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by thepresident from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); aseparate Constitutional Court or Makhama Konstitusi was invested bythe president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Courtassumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lowercourt system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights
IranSupreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionarycourt, and a special administrative court
IraqSupreme Court appointed by the Prime Minister, confirmed by thePresidency Council
IrelandSupreme Court (judges appointed by the president on theadvice of the prime minister and cabinet)
IsraelSupreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)
ItalyConstitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected byParliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrativeSupreme Courts)
JamaicaSupreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general onthe advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal
JapanSupreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch afterdesignation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by thecabinet)
JerseyRoyal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and thebailiff)
JordanCourt of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)
KazakhstanSupreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7members)
KenyaCourt of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);High Court
KiribatiCourt of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judgesat all levels are appointed by the president
Korea, NorthCentral Court (judges are elected by the SupremePeople's Assembly)
Korea, SouthSupreme Court (justices appointed by president withconsent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justicesappointed by president based partly on nominations by NationalAssembly and Chief Justice of the court)
KuwaitHigh Court of Appeal
KyrgyzstanSupreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms bythe Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration
LaosPeople's Supreme Court (the president of the People's SupremeCourt is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation ofthe National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of thePeople's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the NationalAssembly Standing Committee)
LatviaSupreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed byParliament)
Lebanonfour Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil andcommercial cases and one court for criminal cases); ConstitutionalCouncil (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality oflaws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president andprime minister as needed)
LesothoHigh Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Courtof Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court
LiberiaSupreme Court
LibyaSupreme Court
LiechtensteinSupreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appealor Obergericht
LithuaniaConstitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;judges for all courts appointed by the President
Luxembourgjudicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrativecourts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrativecourts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for allcourts are appointed for life by the monarch
MacauThe Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special AdministrativeRegion
MacedoniaSupreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges;Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; RepublicanJudicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges
MadagascarSupreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Courtor Haute Cour Constitutionnelle
MalawiSupreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointedby the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of theJudicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
MalaysiaFederal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler onthe advice of the prime minister)
MaldivesHigh Court
MaliSupreme Court or Cour Supreme
MaltaConstitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courtsare appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister