Chapter 142

Philippines3.22 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Pitcairn IslandsNA children born/woman

Poland1.38 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Portugal1.46 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico1.91 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Qatar2.95 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Reunion2.5 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Romania1.35 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Russia1.26 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Rwanda5.55 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Saint Helena1.54 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis2.35 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Saint Lucia2.25 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon2.05 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1.9 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Samoa3.11 children born/woman (2004 est.)

San Marino1.32 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe5.8 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia4.11 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Senegal4.84 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro1.67 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Seychelles1.77 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone5.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Singapore1.04 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Slovakia1.31 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Slovenia1.23 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands4.19 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Somalia6.91 children born/woman (2004 est.)

South Africa2.18 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Spain1.27 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka1.88 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Sudan4.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Suriname2.37 children born/woman (2004 est.)

SvalbardNA children born/woman

Swaziland3.81 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Sweden1.66 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Switzerland1.42 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Syria3.61 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Taiwan1.57 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Tajikistan4.11 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Tanzania5.15 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Thailand1.89 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Togo4.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)

TokelauNA children born/woman

Tonga3 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago1.77 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Tunisia1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Turkey1.98 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan3.45 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands3.11 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Tuvalu3.02 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Uganda6.64 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Ukraine1.37 children born/woman (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates3.02 children born/woman (2004 est.)

United Kingdom1.66 children born/woman (2004 est.)

United States2.07 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Uruguay1.96 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Uzbekistan2.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Vanuatu2.87 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Venezuela2.31 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Vietnam2.22 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands2.21 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Wallis and FutunaNA children born/woman

West Bank4.52 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Western SaharaNA children born/woman

World2.62 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Yemen6.75 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Zambia5.14 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe3.6 children born/woman (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@2128 Government type

AfghanistanIslamic republic

Albaniaemerging democracy

Algeriarepublic

American SamoaNA

Andorraparliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains asits chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are thepresident of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who arerepresented locally by coprinces' representatives

Angolarepublic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strongpresidential system

AnguillaNA

Antarctica Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica; the 26th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Madrid, Spain in June 2003; at these periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations; at the end of 2003, there were 45 treaty member nations: 27 consultative and 18 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 20 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1983), Bulgaria (1998) China (1985), Ecuador (1990), Finland (1989), Germany (1981), India (1983), Italy (1987), Japan, South Korea (1989), Netherlands (1990), Peru (1989), Poland (1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1988), Sweden (1988), Uruguay (1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1995), Ukraine (1992), and Venezuela (1999); Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, and 5) area protection and management; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research

Antigua and Barbudaconstitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament

Argentinarepublic

Armeniarepublic

Arubaparliamentary democracy

Australiademocratic, federal-state system recognizing the Britishmonarch as sovereign

Austriafederal republic

Azerbaijanrepublic

Bahamas, Theconstitutional parliamentary democracy

Bahrainconstitutional hereditary monarchy

Bangladeshparliamentary democracy

Barbadosparliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state withinthe Commonwealth

Belarusrepublic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgiumfederal parliamentary democracy under a constitutionalmonarch

Belizeparliamentary democracy

Beninrepublic under multiparty democratic rule; droppedMarxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991

Bermudaparliamentary British overseas territory with internalself-government

Bhutanmonarchy; special treaty relationship with India

Boliviarepublic

Bosnia and Herzegovinaemerging federal democratic republic

Botswanaparliamentary republic

Brazilfederative republic

British Virgin IslandsNA

Bruneiconstitutional sultanate

Bulgariaparliamentary democracy

Burkina Fasoparliamentary republic

Burmamilitary junta

Burundirepublic

Cambodiamultiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchyestablished in September 1993

Cameroonunitary republic; multiparty presidential regime(opposition parties legalized in 1990)note: preponderance of power remains with the president

Canadaconfederation with parliamentary democracy

Cape Verderepublic

Cayman IslandsBritish crown colony

Central African Republicrepublic

Chadrepublic

Chilerepublic

ChinaCommunist state

Christmas IslandNA

Cocos (Keeling) IslandsNA

Colombiarepublic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comorosindependent republic

Congo, Democratic Republic of the dictatorship; presumably undergoing a transition to representative government

Congo, Republic of therepublic

Cook Islandsself-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Ricademocratic republic

Cote d'Ivoirerepublic; multiparty presidential regime established1960

Croatiapresidential/parliamentary democracy

CubaCommunist state

Cyprusrepublicnote: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting theisland began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; thisseparation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention inJuly 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gavethe Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriotscontrol the only internationally recognized government; on 15November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declaredindependence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus" (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey; both sides publiclysupport a settlement based on a bizonal, bicommunal federation.

Czech Republicparliamentary democracy

Denmarkconstitutional monarchy

Djiboutirepublic

Dominicaparliamentary democracy; republic within the Commonwealth

Dominican Republicrepresentative democracy

East TimorRepublic

Ecuadorrepublic

Egyptrepublic

El Salvadorrepublic

Equatorial Guinearepublic

Eritreatransitional governmentnote: following a successful referendum on independence for theAutonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a NationalAssembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy andJustice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; aConstitutional Commission was also established to draft aconstitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by thetransitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997,did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidentialelections; parliamentary elections had been scheduled in December2001, but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legalparty is the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Estoniaparliamentary republic

Ethiopiafederal republic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA

Faroe IslandsNA

Fijirepublicnote: military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formallydeclared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987

Finlandrepublic

Francerepublic

French GuianaNA

French PolynesiaNA

Gabonrepublic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition partieslegalized in 1990)

Gambia, Therepublic under multiparty democratic rule

Georgiarepublic

Germanyfederal republic

Ghanaconstitutional democracy

GibraltarNA

Greeceparliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8December 1974

Greenlandparliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenadaconstitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament

GuadeloupeNA

GuamNA

Guatemalaconstitutional democratic republic

GuernseyNA

Guinearepublic

Guinea-Bissaurepublic, multiparty since mid-1991

Guyanarepublic within the Commonwealth

Haitielected government

Holy See (Vatican City)ecclesiastical

Hondurasdemocratic constitutional republic

Hong Konglimited democracy

Hungaryparliamentary democracy

Icelandconstitutional republic

Indiafederal republic

Indonesiarepublic

Irantheocratic republic

Iraqnone; note - the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) was appointed on1 June 2004

Irelandrepublic

Israelparliamentary democracy

Italyrepublic

Jamaicaconstitutional parliamentary democracy

Japanconstitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government

JerseyNA

Jordanconstitutional monarchy

Kazakhstanrepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with littlepower outside the executive branch

Kenyarepublic

Kiribatirepublic

Korea, NorthCommunist state one-man dictatorship

Korea, Southrepublic

Kuwaitnominal constitutional monarchy

Kyrgyzstanrepublic

LaosCommunist state

Latviaparliamentary democracy

Lebanonrepublic

Lesothoparliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberiarepublic

LibyaJamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by thepopulace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship

Liechtensteinhereditary constitutional monarchy on a democratic andparliamentary basis

Lithuaniaparliamentary democracy

Luxembourgconstitutional monarchy

Macaulimited democracy

Macedoniaparliamentary democracy

Madagascarrepublic

Malawimultiparty democracy

Malaysiaconstitutional monarchynote: Malaya (what is now Peninsular Malaysia) formed 31 August1957; Federation of Malaysia (Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore)formed 9 July 1963 (Singapore left Federation on 9 August 1965);nominally headed by paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliamentconsisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house;all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melakaand Penang; those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in EastMalaysia have governors appointed by Malaysian Government; powers ofstate governments are limited by federal constitution; under termsof federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutionalprerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigrationcontrols); Sabah - currently holds 20 seats in House ofRepresentatives and will hold 25 seats after the next election;Sarawak holds 28 seats in House of Representatives

Maldivesrepublic

Malirepublic

Maltarepublic

Man, Isle ofparliamentary democracy

Marshall Islandsconstitutional government in free association withthe US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

MartiniqueNA

Mauritaniarepublic

Mauritiusparliamentary democracy

MayotteNA

Mexicofederal republic

Micronesia, Federated States of constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force May 2004

Moldovarepublic

Monacoconstitutional monarchy

Mongoliamixed parliamentary/presidential

MontserratNA

Moroccoconstitutional monarchy

Mozambiquerepublic

Namibiarepublic

Naururepublic

Nepalparliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Netherlandsconstitutional monarchy

Netherlands Antillesparliamentary

New CaledoniaNA

New Zealandparliamentary democracy

Nicaraguarepublic

Nigerrepublic

Nigeriarepublic transitioning from military to civilian rule

Niueself-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk IslandNA

Northern Mariana Islands commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature

Norwayconstitutional monarchy

Omanmonarchy

Pakistanfederal republic

Palauconstitutional government in free association with the US; theCompact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994

Panamaconstitutional democracy

Papua New Guineaconstitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy

Paraguayconstitutional republic

Peruconstitutional republic

Philippinesrepublic

Pitcairn IslandsNA

Polandrepublic

Portugalparliamentary democracy

Puerto Ricocommonwealth

Qatartraditional monarchy

ReunionNA

Romaniarepublic

Russiafederation

Rwandarepublic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint HelenaNA

Saint Kitts and Nevisconstitutional monarchy with Westminster-styleparliament

Saint LuciaWestminster-style parliamentary democracy

Saint Pierre and MiquelonNA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth

Samoaconstitutional monarchy under native chief

San Marinoindependent republic

Sao Tome and Principerepublic

Saudi Arabiamonarchy

Senegalrepublic under multiparty democratic rule

Serbia and Montenegrorepublic

Seychellesrepublic

Sierra Leoneconstitutional democracy

Singaporeparliamentary republic

Slovakiaparliamentary democracy

Sloveniaparliamentary democratic republic

Solomon Islandsparliamentary democracy tending toward anarchy

Somaliano permanent national government; transitional,parliamentary national government

South Africarepublic

Spainparliamentary monarchy

Sri Lankarepublic

Sudanauthoritarian regime - ruling military junta took power in1989; government is run by an alliance of the military and theNational Congress Party (NCP), formerly the National Islamic Front(NIF), which espouses an Islamist platform

Surinameconstitutional democracy

SvalbardNA

Swazilandmonarchy; independent member of Commonwealth

Swedenconstitutional monarchy

Switzerlandfederal republic

Syriarepublic under military regime since March 1963

Taiwanmultiparty democratic regime headed by popularly-electedpresident and unicameral legislature

Tajikistanrepublic

Tanzaniarepublic

Thailandconstitutional monarchy

Togorepublic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

TokelauNA

Tongahereditary constitutional monarchy

Trinidad and Tobagoparliamentary democracy

Tunisiarepublic

Turkeyrepublican parliamentary democracy

Turkmenistanrepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with littlepower outside the executive branch

Turks and Caicos IslandsNA

Tuvaluconstitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; begandebating republic status in 1992

Ugandarepublic

Ukrainerepublic

United Arab Emiratesfederation with specified powers delegated tothe UAE federal government and other powers reserved to memberemirates

United Kingdomconstitutional monarchy

United StatesConstitution-based federal republic; strong democratictradition

Uruguayconstitutional republic

Uzbekistanrepublic; authoritarian presidential rule, with littlepower outside the executive branch

Vanuatuparliamentary republic

Venezuelafederal republic

VietnamCommunist state

Virgin IslandsNA

Wallis and FutunaNA

Western Saharalegal status of territory and issue of sovereigntyunresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front(Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio deOro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed agovernment-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic(SADR),led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitionedbetween Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiringnorthern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisarioguerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979;Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has sinceasserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exilewas seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continuedsporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6September 1991

Yemenrepublic

Zambiarepublic

Zimbabweparliamentary democracy

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@2129 Unemployment rate (%)

AfghanistanNA (2003)

Albania15.8% officially; may be as high as 30% (2003 est.)

Algeria26.2% (2003 est.)

American Samoa6% (2000)

Andorra0% (1996 est.)

Angolaextensive unemployment and underemployment affecting morethan half the population (2001 est.)

Anguilla6.7% (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda11% (2001 est.)

Argentina17.3% (2003)

Armenia20% (2001 est.)

Aruba0.6% (2003 est.)

Australia6% (2003)

Austria4.4% (2003 est.)

Azerbaijan1.1% (official rate is 1.2%) (2003 est.)

Bahamas, The6.9% (2001 est.)

Bahrain15% (1998 est.)

Bangladesh40% (includes underemployment) (2002 est.)

Barbados10.7% (2003 est.)

Belarus2.1% officially registered unemployed (December 2000); largenumber of underemployed workers (2003 est.)

Belgium8.1% (2003 est.)

Belize9.1% (2002)

BeninNA

Bermuda5% (2002 est.)

BhutanNA

Bolivia 11.7% note: widespread underemployment (2003)

Bosnia and Herzegovina40% (2002 est.)

Botswana40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.)

Brazil12.3% (2003 est.)

British Virgin Islands3% (1995)

Brunei10% (2001 est.)

Bulgaria14.3% (2003)

Burkina FasoNA

Burma4.2% (2003)

BurundiNA

Cambodia2.5% (2000 est.)

Cameroon30% (2001 est.)

Canada7.8% (2003 est.)

Cape Verde21% (2000 est.)

Cayman Islands4.1% (1997)

Central African Republic8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.)

ChadNA (2000)

Chile8.5% (2003 est.)

China10.1% urban unemployment roughly 10%; substantial unemploymentand underemployment in rural areas (2003 est.)

Christmas IslandNA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands60% (2000 est.)

Colombia14.2% (2003 est.)

Comoros20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of theNA (2003 est.)

Congo, Republic of theNA (2003)

Cook Islands13% (1996)

Costa Rica6.7% (2003 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire13% in urban areas (1998)

Croatia19.5% (2003)

Cuba2.6% (2003 est.)

CyprusRepublic of Cyprus: 3.4%; north Cyprus: 5.6% (2003 est.)

Czech Republic9.9% (2003)

Denmark6.1% (2003)

Djibouti50% (2000 est.)

Dominica23% (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic16.5% (2003 est.)

East Timor50% (including underemployment) (1992 est.)

Ecuador9.8%; note - underemployment of 47% (2003 est.)

Egypt9.9% (2003 est.)

El Salvador6.5% - but the economy has much underemployment (2003est.)

Equatorial Guinea30% (1998 est.)

EritreaNA (2003 est.)

Estonia10.1% (2003)

EthiopiaNA (2002)

European Union9.1% (2004 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) full employment; labor shortage (2001)

Faroe Islands1% (October 2000)

Fiji7.6% (1999)

Finland9% (2003 est.)

France9.7% (2003 est.)

French Guiana22% (2001)

French Polynesia11.8% (1994)

Gabon21% (1997 est.)

Gambia, TheNA (2002 est.)

Gaza Strip50% (includes West Bank) (2003 est.)

Georgia17% (2001 est.)

Germany10.5% (2003 est.)

Ghana20% (1997 est.)

Gibraltar2% (2001 est.)

Greece9.4% (2003 est.)

Greenland10% (2000 est.)

Grenada12.5% (2000)

Guadeloupe27.8% (1998)

Guam15% (2000 est.)

Guatemala7.5% (2003 est.)

Guernsey0.5% (1999 est.)

GuineaNA (2002 est.)

Guinea-BissauNA (1998)

Guyana9.1% (understated) (2000)

Haitiwidespread unemployment and underemployment; more thantwo-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)

Honduras27.5% (2003 est.)

Hong Kong7.9% (2003)

Hungary5.9% (2003 est.)

Iceland3.4% (2003 est.)

India9.5% (2003)

Indonesia8.7% (2003 est.)

Iran15.7% (2002 est.)

IraqNA (2003 est.)

Ireland4.7% (2003 est.)

Israel10.7% (2003 est.)

Italy8.6% (2003 est.)

Jamaica15.9% (2003 est.)

Japan5.3% (2003)

Jersey0.7% (1998 est.)

Jordan16% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (2001 est.)

Kazakhstan8.8% (2003 est.)

Kenya40% (2001 est.)

Kiribati2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)

Korea, NorthNA (2003)

Korea, South3.4% (2003 est.)

Kuwait2.1% (2003 est.)

Kyrgyzstan7.2% (1999 est.)

Laos5.7% (1997 est.)

Latvia8.6% (2003 est.)

Lebanon18% (1997 est.)

Lesotho45% (2002)

Liberia85% (2003 est.)

Libya30% (2001)

Liechtenstein1.3% (September 2002)

Lithuania10.3% (2003 est.)

Luxembourg3.6% (2003 est.)

Macau6.3% (2003)

Macedonia36.7% (2003 est.)

Madagascar5.9% (1998)

MalawiNA (2003 est.)

Malaysia3.6% (2003 est.)

MaldivesNEGL% (2003 est.)

Mali14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.)

Malta7% (2003 est.)

Man, Isle of0.7% (March 2003)

Marshall Islands30.9% (1999 est.)

Martinique27.2% (1998)

Mauritania21% (1999 est.)

Mauritius9.8% (2003 est.)

Mayotte38% (1999)

Mexico3.3% plus underemployment of perhaps 25% (2003)

Micronesia, Federated States of16% (1999 est.)

Moldova8% (roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are employedabroad) (2002 est.)

Monaco3.1% (1998)

Mongolia4.6% (2001)

Montserrat6% (1998 est.)

Morocco19% (2003 est.)

Mozambique21% (1997 est.)

Namibia35% (1998)

Nauru0% (2002 est.)

Nepal47% (2001 est.)

Netherlands5.3% (2003 est.)

Netherlands Antilles15.6% (2002 est.)

New Caledonia19% (1996)

New Zealand4.7% (2003 est.)

Nicaragua22% plus considerable underemployment (2003 est.)

NigerNA (2002 est.)

NigeriaNA (2003 est.)

NiueNA (March 1999)

Norfolk IslandNA

Northern Mariana IslandsNA

Norway4.7% (2003 est.)

OmanNA

Pakistan7.7% plus substantial underemployment (2003 est.)

Palau2.3% (2000 est.)

Panama13.8% (2003 est.)

Papua New GuineaNA

Paraguay18.5% (2003 est.)

Peru9.7%; widespread underemployment (2003 est.)

Philippines11.4% (2003)

Pitcairn IslandsNA

Poland20% (2003)

Portugal6.4% (2003 est.)

Puerto Rico12% (2002)

Qatar2.7% (2001)

Reunion36% (1999 est.)

Romania7.2% (2003)

Russia8.5% plus considerable underemployment (2003 est.)

RwandaNA

Saint Helena14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia16.5% (1997 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon9.8% (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines22% (1997 est.)

SamoaNA%; note - substantial underemployment

San Marino2.6% (2001)

Sao Tome and PrincipeNA

Saudi Arabia25% (2003)

Senegal48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro34.5% (2003 est.)

SeychellesNA

Sierra LeoneNA

Singapore4.8% (2003 est.)

Slovakia15.2% (2003 est.)

Slovenia11.2% (2003 est.)

Solomon IslandsNA

SomaliaNA

South Africa31% (includes workers no longer looking for employment)(2003 est.)

Spain11.3% (2003 est.)

Sri Lanka8.4% (2003)

Sudan18.7% (2002 est.)

Suriname17% (2000)

Swaziland34% (2000 est.)

Sweden4.9% (2003 est.)

Switzerland3.7% (2003 est.)

Syria20% (2002 est.)

Taiwan5% (2003 est.)

Tajikistan40% (2002 est.)

TanzaniaNA

Thailand2.2% (2003 est.)

TogoNA (2003 est.)

TokelauNA

Tonga13.3% (1996 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago10.4% (2003)

Tunisia14.3% (2003 est.)

Turkey10.5% (plus underemployment of 6.1%) (2003 est.)

TurkmenistanNA

Turks and Caicos Islands10% (1997 est.)

TuvaluNA

UgandaNA (2002 est.)

Ukraine3.7% officially registered; large number of unregistered orunderemployed workers (2003)

United Arab Emirates2.4% (2001)

United Kingdom5% (2003 est.)

United States6% (2003)

Uruguay16% (2003)

Uzbekistan0.5% plus another 20% underemployed (2003)

VanuatuNA

Venezuela18% (2003 est.)

Vietnam6.1% (2003 est.)

Virgin Islands9.3% (2003 est.)

Wallis and FutunaNA

West Bank50% (includes Gaza Strip) (2002 est.)

Western SaharaNA

World30% combined unemployment and underemployment in manynon-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%unemployment

Yemen35% (2003 est.)

Zambia50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe70% (2002 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@2137 Military - note

AkrotiriAkrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for BritishForces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit

American Samoadefense is the responsibility of the US

Andorradefense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Anguilladefense is the responsibility of the UK

Antarcticathe Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a militarynature, such as the establishment of military bases andfortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or thetesting of any type of weapon; it permits the use of militarypersonnel or equipment for scientific research or for any otherpeaceful purposes

Arubadefense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ashmore and Cartier Islandsdefense is the responsibility ofAustralia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and RoyalAustralian Air Force

Baker Islanddefense is the responsibility of the US; visitedannually by the US Coast Guard

Bassas da Indiadefense is the responsibility of France

Bermudadefense is the responsibility of the UK

Bouvet Islanddefense is the responsibility of Norway

British Indian Ocean Territorydefense is the responsibility of theUK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016

British Virgin Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the UK

Cayman Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the UK

Christmas Islanddefense is the responsibility of Australia

Clipperton Islanddefense is the responsibility of France

Cocos (Keeling) Islandsdefense is the responsibility of Australia;the territory does have a five-person police force

Cook Islandsdefense is the responsibility of New Zealand, inconsultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

Coral Sea Islandsdefense is the responsibility of Australia;visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia hascontrol over the activities of visitors

CubaMoscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier ofCuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993

Dhekeliaincludes Dheklia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Stationconnected by a roadway

Europa Islanddefense is the responsibility of France

European UnionIn October 2004, the European Union heads ofgovernment signed a "constitutional treaty" that offerspossibilities - with some limits - for increased defense andsecurity cooperation. If ratified, in a process that may take sometwo years, this treaty will in effect make operational the EuropeanSecurity and Defense Policy (ESDP) approved in the 2000 Nice Treaty.Despite limits of cooperation for some EU members, development of aEuropean military planning unit is likely to continue. So iscreation of a rapid-reaction military force and a humanitarian aidsystem, which the planning unit will support. France, Germany,Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy continue to press forwider coordination. The five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 byFrance, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has alreadydeployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions toBosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of Congoand assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force(ISAF) in Afghanistan in August 2004. Eurocorps directly commandsthe 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade and the Multinational CommandSupport Brigade and will command EUFOR, which will take over fromSFOR in Bosnia in December 2004. Other troop contributions are undernational command - committments to provide 67,100 troops were madeat the Helsinki EU session in 2000. Some 56,000 EU troops wereactually deployed in 2003. In August 2004, the new European DefenseAgency, tasked with promoting cooperative European defensecapabilities, began operations. As of November 2004, Germany, theUnited Kingdom, and France had proposed creation of three 1,500-manrapid-reaction "battle groups."

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) defense is the responsibility of the UK

Faroe Islandsdefense is the responsibility of Denmark

French Guianadefense is the responsibility of France

French Polynesiadefense is the responsibility of France

French Southern and Antarctic Landsdefense is the responsibility ofFrance

Georgiaa CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed inthe Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observergroup; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia

Gibraltardefense is the responsibility of the UK; the last Britishregular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by theRoyal Gibraltar Regiment

Glorioso Islandsdefense is the responsibility of France

Greenlanddefense is the responsibility of Denmark

Guadeloupedefense is the responsibility of France

Guamdefense is the responsibility of the US

Guernseydefense is the responsibility of the UK

Heard Island and McDonald Islandsdefense is the responsibility ofAustralia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols

Holy See (Vatican City) defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope

Hong Kongdefense is the responsibility of China

Howland Islanddefense is the responsibility of the US; visitedannually by the US Coast Guard

Icelanddefense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force(IDF) headquartered at Keflavik

Jan Mayendefense is the responsibility of Norway

Jarvis Islanddefense is the responsibility of the US; visitedannually by the US Coast Guard

Jerseydefense is the responsibility of the UK

Johnston Atolldefense is the responsibility of the US

Juan de Nova Islanddefense is the responsibility of France

Kingman Reefdefense is the responsibility of the US

KiribatiKiribati does not have military forces; defense assistanceis provided by Australia and NZ

Lesothothe Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on thefuture structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especiallyconsidering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of interveningin political affairs

Liechtensteindefense is the responsibility of Switzerland

Man, Isle ofdefense is the responsibility of the UK

Marshall Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the US

Martiniquedefense is the responsibility of France

Mayottedefense is the responsibility of France; small contingent ofFrench forces stationed on the island

Micronesia, Federated States ofFederated States of Micronesia (FSM)is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with theUS; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense

Midway Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the US

Monacodefense is the responsibility of France

Montserratdefense is the responsibility of the UK

NauruNauru maintains no defense forces; under an informalagreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Navassa Islanddefense is the responsibility of the US


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