Exchange rates:Algerian dinars per US dollar - 77.395 (2003), 79.6819 (2002),77.215 (2001), 75.2598 (2000), 66.5739 (1999)
Fiscal year:calendar year
Communications Algeria
Telephones - main lines in use:2,199,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:1,447,310 (2003)
Telephone system:general assessment: telephone density in Algeria is very low, notexceeding five telephones per 100 persons; the number of fixed mainlines increased in the last few years to a little more than2,000,000, but only about two-thirds of these have subscribers; muchof the infrastructure is outdated and inefficientdomestic: good service in north but sparse in south; domesticsatellite system with 12 earth stations (20 additional domesticearth stations are planned)international: country code - 213; 5 submarine cables; microwaveradio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxialcable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satelliteearth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat (1998)
Radio broadcast stations:AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999)
Radios:7.1 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:46 (plus 216 repeaters) (1995)
Televisions:3.1 million (1997)
Internet country code:.dz
Internet hosts:897 (2004)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):2 (2000)
Internet users:500,000 (2002)
Transportation Algeria
Railways:total: 3,973 kmstandard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified)narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2003)
Highways:total: 104,000 kmpaved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways)unpaved: 32,344 km (1999)
Pipelines:condensate 1,344 km; gas 85,946 km; liquid petroleum gas 2,213 km;oil 6,496 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene,Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes
Merchant marine:total: 59 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 837,676 GRT/929,847 DWTby type: bulk 9, cargo 16, chemical tanker 6, liquefied gas 10,petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea/passenger 4,specialized tanker 1foreign-owned: United Kingdom 4registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)
Airports:137 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 52 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
Airports - with unpaved runways:total: 852,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 26under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)914 to 1,523 m: 38
Heliports:1 (2003 est.)
Military Algeria
Military branches:People's National Army (ANP; includes Ground Forces), AlgerianNational Navy (ANN), Air Force (QJA), Territorial Air Defense
Military manpower - military age and obligation:19-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscriptservice obligation - 18 months (October 2003)
Military manpower - availability:males age 15-49: 9,311,747 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:males age 15-49: 5,675,739 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:males: 373,235 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:$2,196.6 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:3.5% (2003)
Transnational Issues Algeria
Disputes - international:Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejectsMoroccan administration of Western Sahara; Algeria's border withMorocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations; each nation hasaccused the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; in anattempt to improve relations afer unilaterally imposing a visarequirement on Algerians in the early 1990s, Morocco lifted therequirement in mid-2004 - a gesture not reciprocated by Algeria;Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughoutthe Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormantdisputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflectedon its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of aclaim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 165,000 (Western Saharan Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southeastern Algerian town of Tindouf) IDPs: 100,000 - 200,000 (conflict between government forces, Islamic insurgents) (2004)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@American Samoa
Introduction American Samoa
Background:Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by Europeanexplorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latterhalf of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in whichGermany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formallyoccupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with theexcellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.
Geography American Samoa
Location:Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand
Geographic coordinates:14 20 S, 170 00 W
Map references:Oceania
Area:total: 199 sq kmnote: includes Rose Island and Swains Islandwater: 0 sq kmland: 199 sq km
Area - comparative:slightly larger than Washington, DC
Land boundaries:0 km
Coastline:116 km
Maritime claims:territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annualrainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April,dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain:five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains,two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
Elevation extremes:lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mhighest point: Lata 966 m
Natural resources:pumice, pumicite
Land use:arable land: 10%permanent crops: 15%other: 75% (2001)
Irrigated land:NA sq km
Natural hazards:typhoons common from December to March
Environment - current issues:limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of thegovernment has spent substantial funds in the past few years toimprove water catchments and pipelines
Geography - note:Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in theSouth Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas andprotected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategiclocation in the South Pacific Ocean
People American Samoa
Population:57,902 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 36.6% (male 10,983; female 10,208)15-64 years: 60.3% (male 18,010; female 16,933)65 years and over: 3.1% (male 699; female 1,069) (2004 est.)
Median age:total: 22.4 yearsmale: 22.1 yearsfemale: 22.7 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:0.04% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:24.46 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:-20.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.06 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:total: 9.48 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 8.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)male: 10.06 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:total population: 75.62 yearsmale: 72.05 yearsfemale: 79.41 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:3.41 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:NA
Nationality:noun: American Samoan(s)adjective: American Samoan
Ethnic groups:Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5%
Religions:Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant andother 30%
Languages:Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesianlanguages), Englishnote: most people are bilingual
Literacy:definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 97%male: 98%female: 97% (1980 est.)
Government American Samoa
Country name:conventional long form: Territory of American Samoaconventional short form: American Samoaabbreviation: AS
Dependency status:unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered bythe Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior
Government type:NA
Capital:Pago Pago
Administrative divisions:none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrativedivisions as defined by the US Government, but there are threedistricts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a,Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western
Independence:none (territory of the US)
National holiday:Flag Day, 17 April (1900)
Constitution:ratified 1966, in effect 1967
Legal system:NA
Suffrage:18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January2001)election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent ofvote: Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3%elections: US president and vice president elected on the sameticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor electedon the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; electionlast held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003)cabinet: NA
Legislative branch:bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House ofRepresentatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular voteand 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island;members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members areelected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2002(next to be held 2 November 2004); Senate - last held 7 November2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004)note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the USHouse of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2002 (nextto be held 2 November 2004); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA(Democrat) reelected as delegateelection results: House of Representatives - percent of vote byparty - NA; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party -NA; seats by party - independents 18
Judicial branch:High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed bythe US Secretary of the Interior)
Political parties and leaders:Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:NA
International organization participation:Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US:none (territory of the US)
Diplomatic representation from the US:none (territory of the US)
Flag description:blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outerside and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American baldeagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditionalSamoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club
Economy American Samoa
Economy - overview:This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% ofthe land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linkedto the US, with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreigntrade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone ofthe private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfersfrom the US Government add substantially to American Samoa'seconomic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a largerand broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, itslimited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is apromising developing sector.
GDP:purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:NA
GDP - per capita:purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:agriculture: NAindustry: NAservices: NA
Population below poverty line:NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: NAhighest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):NA (2003 est.)
Labor force:14,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation:tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990)
Unemployment rate:6% (2000)
Budget:revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)expenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of NA(FY96/97)
Agriculture - products:bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra,pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock
Industries:tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels),handicrafts
Industrial production growth rate:NA
Electricity - production:130 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:120.9 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production:0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:3,800 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:NA (2001)
Oil - imports:NA (2001)
Exports:$30 million (2002)
Exports - commodities:canned tuna 93%
Exports - partners:Samoa 33.3%, Japan 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, Canada 11.1%, NewZealand 11.1% (2003)
Imports:$123 million (2002)
Imports - commodities:materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%,machinery and parts 6%
Imports - partners:Australia 33.3%, New Zealand 33.3%, Mauritius 9%, Japan 5.1%, SouthKorea 5.1%, UK 5.1% (2003)
Debt - external:NA (2002 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in1994
Currency:US dollar (USD)
Currency code:USD
Exchange rates:the US dollar is used
Fiscal year:1 October - 30 September
Communications American Samoa
Telephones - main lines in use:15,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular:2,377 (1999)
Telephone system:general assessment: NAdomestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephoneservices; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth stationinternational: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Radios:57,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:1 (2004)
Televisions:14,000 (1997)
Internet country code:.as
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):1 (2000)
Internet users:NA
Transportation American Samoa
Highways: total: 350 km paved: 150 km unpaved: 200 km
Ports and harbors:Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u
Merchant marine:none
Airports:3 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:total: 22,438 to 3,047 m: 1under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:total: 1under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Military American Samoa
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the US
Transnational Issues American Samoa
Disputes - international: none
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@Andorra
Introduction Andorra
Background:For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a uniqueco-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel).In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads ofstate retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentarydemocracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorraachieved considerable prosperity since World War II through itstourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attractedto the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Geography Andorra
Location:Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Geographic coordinates:42 30 N, 1 30 E
Map references:Europe
Area:total: 468 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmland: 468 sq km
Area - comparative:2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Coastline:0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:none (landlocked)
Climate:temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Terrain:rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Land use: arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (2001)
Irrigated land:NA sq km
Natural hazards:avalanches
Environment - current issues:deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soilerosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements:party to: Hazardous Wastessigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in thePyrenees
People Andorra
Population:69,865 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 15% (male 5,478; female 4,988)15-64 years: 71.6% (male 26,268; female 23,766)65 years and over: 13.4% (male 4,659; female 4,706) (2004 est.)
Median age:total: 39.7 yearsmale: 40 yearsfemale: 39.4 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:1% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:9.32 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.07 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:total: 4.05 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)male: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:total population: 83.5 yearsmale: 80.59 yearsfemale: 86.59 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:1.28 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:NA
Nationality:noun: Andorran(s)adjective: Andorran
Ethnic groups:Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6%(1998)
Religions:Roman Catholic (predominant)
Languages:Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Literacy: definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA female: NA
Government Andorra
Country name:conventional long form: Principality of Andorraconventional short form: Andorralocal short form: Andorralocal long form: Principat d'Andorra
Government type:parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as itschiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the presidentof France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are representedlocally by coprinces' representatives
Capital:Andorra la Vella
Administrative divisions:7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella,Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Juliade Loria
Independence:1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count ofFoix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
National holiday:Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Constitution:Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approvedby referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993
Legal system:based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review oflegislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995),represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002); SpanishCoprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003),represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since NA)elections: Executive Council president elected by the GeneralCouncil and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-yearterm; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held April-May2005)election results: Marc FORNE Molne elected executive councilpresident; percent of General Council vote - NA%cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the ExecutiveCouncil presidenthead of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne(since 21 December 1994)
Legislative branch:unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de lasValls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 froma single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7parishes; members serve four-year terms)elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA March-April2005)election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 46.1%, PSD 30%, PD23.8%, other 0.1%; seats by party - PLA 15, PSD 6, PD 5, other 2
Judicial branch:Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courtsor Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra orTribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justiceor Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or MinisteriFiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Political parties and leaders:Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Partyor PD) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerlyLiberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic Party or PS(formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:NA
International organization participation:CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN,UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Diplomatic representation in the US:chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V.PIA-COMELLAchancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Diplomatic representation from the US:the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador toSpain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra arerepresented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain);mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175
Flag description:three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and redwith the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coatof arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chadand Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in thecenter, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
Economy Andorra
Economy - overview:Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy,accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million touristsvisit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by itssummer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage hasrecently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spainhave been opened up, providing broader availability of goods andlower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, alsocontributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production islimited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to beimported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising.Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, andfurniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and istreated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs)and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
GDP:purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:3.8% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:agriculture: NAindustry: NAservices: NA
Population below poverty line:NA
Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: NAhighest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):4.3% (2000)
Labor force:33,000 (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate:0% (1996 est.)
Budget:revenues: $385 millionexpenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of NA(1997)
Agriculture - products:small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Industries:tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking
Industrial production growth rate:NA
Electricity - production:NA kWh
Electricity - consumption:NA kWh
Electricity - exports:0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports:NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France;Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Exports:$58 million f.o.b. (1998)
Exports - commodities:tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners:Spain 58%, France 34% (2000)
Imports:$1.077 billion (1998)
Imports - commodities:consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners:Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)
Debt - external:NA
Economic aid - recipient:none
Currency:euro (EUR)
Currency code:EUR
Exchange rates:euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.12 (2001),1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999)
Fiscal year:calendar year
Communications Andorra
Telephones - main lines in use:35,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular:23,500 (2001)
Telephone system:general assessment: NAdomestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connectionsbetween exchangesinternational: country code - 376; landline circuits to France andSpain
Radio broadcast stations:AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios:16,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations:0 (1997)
Televisions:27,000 (1997)
Internet country code:.ad
Internet hosts:4,144 (2004)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):1 (2000)
Internet users:24,500 (2001)
Transportation Andorra
Highways: total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km (1994)
Ports and harbors:none
Airports:none
Military Andorra
Military branches:no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
Military - note:defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Transnational Issues Andorra
Disputes - international: none
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@Angola
Introduction Angola
Background:Angola has begun to enjoy the fruits of peace since the end of a27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement forthe Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, andthe National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), ledby Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peaceseemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, butUNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls.Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million peopledisplaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold onpower. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold national elections in 2006.
Geography Angola
Location:Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, betweenNamibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geographic coordinates:12 30 S, 18 30 E
Map references:Africa
Area:total: 1,246,700 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmland: 1,246,700 sq km
Area - comparative:slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries:total: 5,198 kmborder countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (ofwhich 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
Coastline:1,600 km
Maritime claims:territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dryseason (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Terrain:narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Elevation extremes:lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 mhighest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m
Natural resources:petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold,bauxite, uranium
Land use: arable land: 2.41% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 97.35% (2001)
Irrigated land:750 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards:locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau
Environment - current issues:overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable topopulation pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropicalrain forest, in response to both international demand for tropicaltimber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss ofbiodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution andsiltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of theSea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollutionsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest ofthe country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
People Angola
Population:10,978,552 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,410,326; female 2,363,368)15-64 years: 53.7% (male 2,998,892; female 2,897,837)65 years and over: 2.8% (male 137,340; female 170,789) (2004 est.)
Median age:total: 18.1 yearsmale: 18.1 yearsfemale: 18.1 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:1.93% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:45.14 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:25.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate:0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Sex ratio:at birth: 1.05 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Infant mortality rate:total: 192.5 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 179.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)male: 204.97 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:total population: 36.79 yearsmale: 36.06 yearsfemale: 37.55 years (2004 est.)
Total fertility rate:6.33 children born/woman (2004 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:3.9% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:240,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:21,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases:typhoid fever, malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasisoverall degree of risk: very high (2004)
Nationality:noun: Angolan(s)adjective: Angolan
Ethnic groups:Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed Europeanand Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Religions:indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998est.)
Languages:Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Literacy:definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 42%male: 56%female: 28% (1998 est.)
Government Angola
Country name:conventional long form: Republic of Angolaconventional short form: Angolalocal short form: Angolaformer: People's Republic of Angolalocal long form: Republica de Angola
Government type:republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strongpresidential system
Capital:Luanda
Administrative divisions:18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela,Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene,Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico,Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Independence:11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday:Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Constitution:11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet beenapproved
Legal system:based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recentlymodified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use offree markets
Suffrage:18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state andhead of governmenthead of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state andhead of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS wasappointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002, but this is not aposition of real powercabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections: president elected by universal ballot for a NA-year term;President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without oppositionunder a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's firstmultiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)election results: DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making arun-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI'sNational Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed
Legislative branch:unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats;members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%,others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD3, others 7
Judicial branch:Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by thepresident)
Political parties and leaders:Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA];National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputedleadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for theTotal Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA], largestopposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; PopularMovement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOSSANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party orPRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 electionsbut only won a few seats and have little influence in the NationalAssembly
Political pressure groups and leaders:Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zitaHenriques TIAGO; Antonio Bento BEMBE]note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armedstruggle for the independence of Cabinda Province
International organization participation:ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory),ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKIDI FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258 consulate(s) general: Houston and New York telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
Diplomatic representation from the US:chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher William DELLembassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area ofLuanda), Luandamailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda;pouch: American Embassy Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC20521-2550telephone: [244] (2) 445-481, 447-028, 446-224FAX: [244] (2) 446-924
Flag description:two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centeredyellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half acogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
Economy Angola
Economy - overview:Angola has been an economy in disarray because of a quarter centuryof nearly continuous warfare. An apparently durable peace wasestablished after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI onFebruary 22, 2002, but consequences from the conflict continueincluding the impact of wide-spread land mines. Subsistenceagriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population.Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to theeconomy, contributing about 45% to GDP and more than half ofexports. Much of the country's food must still be imported. To fullytake advantage of its rich natural resources - gold, diamonds,extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits -Angola will need to continue reforming government policies and toreduce corruption. While Angola made progress in bringing inflationdown further, from 325% in 2000 to about 106% in 2002, thegovernment has failed to make sufficient progress on reformsrecommended by the IMF such as increasing foreign exchange reservesand promoting greater transparency in government spending. Increasedoil production supported 7% GDP growth in 2003.
GDP:purchasing power parity - $20.42 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:1.5% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita:purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 8% industry: 67% services: 25% (2001 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):31.7% of GDP (2003)
Population below poverty line:70% (2003 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:lowest 10%: NAhighest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):76.6% (2003 est.)
Labor force:5.57 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than halfthe population (2001 est.)
Budget:revenues: $4.874 billionexpenditures: $6.012 billion, including capital expenditures of $963million (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products:bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca),tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
Industries:petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite,uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing;food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles
Industrial production growth rate:1% (2000)
Electricity - production:1.45 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - consumption:1.348 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports:0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports:0 kWh (2001)
Oil - production:742,400 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - consumption:31,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil - exports:NA (2001)
Oil - imports:NA (2001)
Oil - proved reserves:5.691 billion bbl (1 January 2002)
Natural gas - production:530 million cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:530 million cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - exports:0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - imports:0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:79.57 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Current account balance:$-475 million (2003)
Exports:$9.669 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee,sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
Exports - partners:US 47.7%, China 23.4%, Taiwan 8%, France 7.4% (2003)
Imports:$4.08 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts;medicines, food, textiles, military goods
Imports - partners:Portugal 18.2%, South Africa 12.4%, US 12.2%, Netherlands 11.6%,France 6.5%, Brazil 6.1%, UK 4.2% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:$638.4 million (2003)
Debt - external:$9.164 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:$383.5 million (1999)
Currency:kwanza (AOA)
Currency code:AOA
Exchange rates:kwanza per US dollar - 74.6063 (2003), 43.5302 (2002), 22.0579(2001), 10.041 (2000), 2.791 (1999), 0.393 (1998); note - inDecember 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped offthe old value
Fiscal year:calendar year
Communications Angola
Telephones - main lines in use:96,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:130,000 (2002)
Telephone system:general assessment: telephone service limited mostly to governmentand business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for militarylinksdomestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, andtropospheric scatterinternational: country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 2Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC)provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Radio broadcast stations:AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2000)
Radios:815,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations:6 (2000)
Televisions:196,000 (2000)
Internet country code:.ao
Internet hosts:17 (2003)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):1 (2000)
Internet users:41,000 (2002)
Transportation Angola
Railways: total: 2,761 km narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2003)
Highways: total: 51,429 km paved: 5,349 km unpaved: 46,080 km (1999)
Waterways:1,300 km (2004)
Pipelines:gas 214 km; liquid natural gas 14 km; liquid petroleum gas 30 km;oil 837 km; refined products 56 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo, Namibe (Mocamedes), PortoAmboim, Soyo
Merchant marine:total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 26,123 GRT/42,879 DWTby type: cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)
Airports:244 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:total: 32over 3,047 m: 42,438 to 3,047 m: 81,524 to 2,437 m: 14914 to 1,523 m: 5under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:total: 211over 3,047 m: 22,438 to 3,047 m: 41,524 to 2,437 m: 30914 to 1,523 m: 95under 914 m: 80 (2004 est.)
Military Angola
Military branches:Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Air and Air Defense Forces(FANA)
Military manpower - military age and obligation:17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript serviceobligation - 2 years plus time for training (2001)
Military manpower - availability:males age 15-49: 2,620,219 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:males age 15-49: 1,317,328 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:males: 113,103 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:$265.1 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:1.9% (2003)
Transnational Issues Angola
Disputes - international:continues to give shelter to refugees from the Democratic Republicof the Congo while many Angolan refugees and Cabinda exclavesecessionists reside in neighboring states
Refugees and internally displaced persons:IDPs: 40,000 - 60,000 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 millionIDPs already have returned) (2004)
Illicit drugs:used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for WesternEurope and other African states
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@Anguilla
Introduction Anguilla
Background:Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguillawas administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, whenthe island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - wasincorporated into a single British dependency, along with SaintKitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, twoyears after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; thisarrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becominga separate British dependency.
Geography Anguilla
Location:Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North AtlanticOcean, east of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates:18 15 N, 63 10 W
Map references:Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total: 102 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmland: 102 sq km
Area - comparative:about half the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:0 km
Coastline:61 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Climate:tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Terrain:flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m
Natural resources:salt, fish, lobster
Land use:arable land: 0%permanent crops: 0%other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, somecommercial salt ponds) (2001)
Irrigated land:NA sq km
Natural hazards:frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Environment - current issues: supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Geography - note: the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles
People Anguilla
Population:13,008 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 23.8% (male 1,569; female 1,523)15-64 years: 69.4% (male 4,641; female 4,385)65 years and over: 6.8% (male 396; female 494) (2004 est.)
Median age:total: 30.4 yearsmale: 30.4 yearsfemale: 30.3 years (2004 est.)
Population growth rate:1.98% (2004 est.)
Birth rate:14.45 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate:5.46 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)