Johnston Atoll34 km
Jordan26 km
Juan de Nova Island24.1 km
Kazakhstan0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the AralSea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the CaspianSea (1,894 km)
Kenya536 km
Kingman Reef3 km
Kiribati1,143 km
Korea, North2,495 km
Korea, South2,413 km
Kuwait499 km
Kyrgyzstan0 km (landlocked)
Laos0 km (landlocked)
Latvia531 km
Lebanon225 km
Lesotho0 km (landlocked)
Liberia579 km
Libya1,770 km
Liechtenstein0 km (doubly landlocked)
Lithuania99 km
Luxembourg0 km (landlocked)
Macau41 km
Macedonia0 km (landlocked)
Madagascar4,828 km
Malawi0 km (landlocked)
Malaysia4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607km)
Maldives644 km
Mali0 km (landlocked)
Malta196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)
Man, Isle of160 km
Marshall Islands370.4 km
Martinique350 km
Mauritania754 km
Mauritius177 km
Mayotte185.2 km
Mexico9,330 km
Micronesia, Federated States of6,112 km
Midway Islands15 km
Moldova0 km (landlocked)
Monaco4.1 km
Mongolia0 km (landlocked)
Montserrat40 km
Morocco1,835 km
Mozambique2,470 km
Namibia1,572 km
Nauru30 km
Navassa Island8 km
Nepal0 km (landlocked)
Netherlands451 km
Netherlands Antilles364 km
New Caledonia2,254 km
New Zealand15,134 km
Nicaragua910 km
Niger0 km (landlocked)
Nigeria853 km
Niue64 km
Norfolk Island32 km
Northern Mariana Islands1,482 km
Norway25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as longfjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km;length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
Oman2,092 km
Pacific Ocean135,663 km
Pakistan1,046 km
Palau1,519 km
Palmyra Atoll14.5 km
Panama2,490 km
Papua New Guinea5,152 km
Paracel Islands518 km
Paraguay0 km (landlocked)
Peru2,414 km
Philippines36,289 km
Pitcairn Islands51 km
Poland491 km
Portugal1,793 km
Puerto Rico501 km
Qatar563 km
Reunion207 km
Romania225 km
Russia37,653 km
Rwanda0 km (landlocked)
Saint Helena60 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis135 km
Saint Lucia158 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon120 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines84 km
Samoa403 km
San Marino0 km (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe209 km
Saudi Arabia2,640 km
Senegal531 km
Serbia and Montenegro199 km
Seychelles491 km
Sierra Leone402 km
Singapore193 km
Slovakia0 km (landlocked)
Slovenia46.6 km
Solomon Islands5,313 km
Somalia3,025 km
South Africa2,798 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsNA km
Southern Ocean17,968 km
Spain4,964 km
Spratly Islands926 km
Sri Lanka1,340 km
Sudan853 km
Suriname386 km
Svalbard3,587 km
Swaziland0 km (landlocked)
Sweden3,218 km
Switzerland0 km (landlocked)
Syria193 km
Taiwan1,566.3 km
Tajikistan0 km (landlocked)
Tanzania1,424 km
Thailand3,219 km
Togo56 km
Tokelau101 km
Tonga419 km
Trinidad and Tobago362 km
Tromelin Island3.7 km
Tunisia1,148 km
Turkey7,200 km
Turkmenistan0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea(1,768 km)
Turks and Caicos Islands389 km
Tuvalu24 km
Uganda0 km (landlocked)
Ukraine2,782 km
United Arab Emirates1,318 km
United Kingdom12,429 km
United States19,924 km
Uruguay660 km
Uzbekistan0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes thesouthern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Vanuatu2,528 km
Venezuela2,800 km
Vietnam3,444 km (excludes islands)
Virgin Islands188 km
Wake Island19.3 km
Wallis and Futuna129 km
West Bank0 km (landlocked)
Western Sahara1,110 km
World356,000 kmnote: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no othercountries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua andBarbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island,British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde,Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling)Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus,Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), FaroeIslands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and AntarcticLands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, HeardIsland and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Jamaica, JanMayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de NovaIsland, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Isle ofMan, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, FederatedStates of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, NavassaIsland, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, NorthernMariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines,Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kittsand Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent andthe Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore,Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad andTobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan
Yemen1,906 km
Zambia0 km (landlocked)
Zimbabwe0 km (landlocked)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2061 Imports - partners (%)
AfghanistanPakistan 25.5%, US 8.7%, India 8.5%, Germany 6.5%,Turkmenistan 5.3%, Kenya 4.7%, South Korea 4.2%, Russia 4.2% (2004)
AlbaniaItaly 34.8%, Greece 19.8%, Turkey 7.7%, Germany 5.3% (2004)
AlgeriaFrance 30.3%, Italy 8.2%, Germany 6.5%, Spain 5.5%, US 5.2%,China 5.1%, Turkey 4.3% (2004)
American SamoaJapan 31.4%, New Zealand 27.9%, Germany 17.1%,Australia 8.9% (2004)
AndorraSpain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)
AngolaSouth Korea 28.3%, Portugal 13.1%, US 9.3%, South Africa7.4%, Brazil 5.6%, Japan 4.8%, France 4.4% (2004)
AnguillaUS, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)
Antigua and BarbudaChina 19.5%, US 18.7%, Singapore 14.8%, Poland8.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.7% (2004)
ArgentinaBrazil 36.2%, US 16.6%, Germany 5.7%, China 4.3% (2004)
ArmeniaRussia 11.3%, Belgium 10.1%, Israel 8.4%, US 7.6%, Iran7.1%, UAE 6.1%, Ukraine 5.9%, Italy 5.5%, Germany 5.2%, Georgia4.6%, France 4.5% (2004)
ArubaUS 55.5%, Netherlands 14.1%, Venezuela 3.3% (2004)
AustraliaUS 14.8%, China 12.7%, Japan 11.8%, Germany 5.8%,Singapore 4.4%, UK 4.1% (2004)
AustriaGermany 46.3%, Italy 6.8%, Switzerland 4.3% (2004)
AzerbaijanRussia 16.1%, UK 12.5%, Turkey 10.5%, Germany 7.8%,Ukraine 5.6%, Netherlands 4.9%, US 4.1%, Italy 4% (2004)
Bahamas, TheUS 22.4%, South Korea 18.9%, Brazil 9.2%, Japan 7.9%,Italy 7.8%, Venezuela 6.6% (2004)
BahrainSaudi Arabia 32.4%, Japan 7.3%, Germany 6.1%, US 5.6%, UK5.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
BangladeshIndia 15.1%, China 12.5%, Singapore 7.5%, Kuwait 5.5%,Japan 5.3%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2004)
BarbadosUS 35.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 20%, UK 5.6%, Japan 4.3%(2004)
BelarusRussia 68.2%, Germany 6.6%, Ukraine 3.3% (2004)
BelgiumGermany 18.4%, Netherlands 17%, France 12.5%, UK 6.8%,Ireland 6.3%, US 5.5% (2004)
BelizeUS 30.1%, Mexico 12%, Guatemala 7.4%, Cuba 7.2%, China 4.2%,Japan 4.1% (2004)
BeninChina 32.2%, France 13%, Thailand 6.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.3%(2004)
BermudaKazakhstan 39.2%, France 16.2%, Japan 13.1%, Italy 9.2%,South Korea 8.8%, US 6.4% (2004)
BhutanGermany 65.4%, Japan 14.3%, Austria 6.8%, UK 4.5% (2004)
BoliviaBrazil 29.7%, Argentina 17.6%, US 10.8%, Chile 7.7%, Peru7.3% (2004)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaCroatia 23.8%, Slovenia 15.8%, Germany 14.8%,Italy 11.4%, Austria 6.6%, Hungary 6.1% (2004)
BotswanaSouthern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%,Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
BrazilUS 18.3%, Argentina 8.9%, Germany 8.1%, China 5.9%, Nigeria5.6%, Japan 4.6% (2004)
British Virgin IslandsVirgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US
BruneiSingapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)
BulgariaGermany 15.1%, Italy 10.2%, Russia 7.9%, Greece 7.5%,Turkey 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)
Burkina FasoFrance 29.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 16%, Togo 9.8% (2004)
BurmaChina 29.8%, Singapore 20.8%, Thailand 19.3%, South Korea5.2%, Malaysia 4.8% (2004)
BurundiKenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)
CambodiaThailand 22.5%, Hong Kong 14.1%, China 13.6%, Vietnam10.9%, Singapore 10.8%, Taiwan 8.4% (2004)
CameroonFrance 28.2%, Nigeria 9.9%, Belgium 7.6%, US 4.9%, China4.8%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.1% (2004)
CanadaUS 58.9%, China 6.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2004)
Cape VerdePortugal 41.8%, US 12.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Spain 5.2%,Italy 4.2%, Brazil 4% (2004)
Cayman IslandsUS, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles,Japan
Central African RepublicFrance 17.6%, US 16.3%, Cameroon 9.3%,Belgium 5% (2004)
ChadFrance 21.9%, Cameroon 16.1%, US 10.8%, Portugal 10.4%, Germany6.4%, Belgium 4.6% (2004)
ChileArgentina 17%, US 14%, Brazil 11.2%, China 7.4% (2004)
ChinaJapan 16.8%, Taiwan 11.4%, South Korea 11.1%, US 8%, Germany5.4% (2004)
Christmas Islandprincipally Australia
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsAustralia
ColombiaUS 29.1%, Venezuela 6.5%, China 6.4%, Mexico 6.2%, Brazil5.8% (2004)
ComorosFrance 23.5%, South Africa 11.1%, Kenya 7.5%, UAE 7.2%,Italy 4.9%, Pakistan 4.7%, Mauritius 4.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of theSouth Africa 18.5%, Belgium 15.5%,France 10.8%, Kenya 6.3%, US 6%, Germany 5.8% (2004)
Congo, Republic of theFrance 32.7%, US 10.1%, Germany 6.2%, Italy6%, China 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2004)
Cook IslandsNew Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan2% (2000)
Costa RicaUS 46.1%, Japan 5.9%, Mexico 5.1%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
Cote d'IvoireFrance 24.3%, Nigeria 19.2%, UK 4% (2004)
CroatiaItaly 17.1%, Germany 15.5%, Russia 7.3%, Slovenia 7.1%,Austria 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)
CubaSpain 14.7%, Venezuela 13.5%, US 11%, China 8.9%, Canada 6.4%,Italy 6.2%, Mexico 4.9% (2004)
CyprusGreece 15.2%, Italy 10.5%, Germany 8.9%, UK 8.6%, France6.3%, Japan 4.7%, Israel 4.4%, China 4% (2004)
Czech RepublicGermany 31.7%, Slovakia 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, China 5.2%,Poland 4.8%, France 4.8%, Russia 4.1% (2004)
DenmarkGermany 22.3%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, UK 6.1%,France 4.5%, Norway 4.5%, Italy 4.1%, China 4% (2004)
DjiboutiSaudi Arabia 19.7%, India 12.4%, Ethiopia 11.8%, China8.1%, France 5.6%, US 4.8% (2004)
DominicaChina 20.4%, US 16.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.3%, UK 6.9%,South Korea 4.6%, Japan 4.3% (2004)
Dominican RepublicUS 48.1%, Venezuela 13.5%, Colombia 4.8%, Mexico4.8% (2004)
East TimorNA
EcuadorUS 16.5%, Colombia 14.1%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil6.5%, Chile 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Mexico 4.3% (2004)
EgyptUS 12.2%, Germany 7%, Italy 6.6%, France 5.7%, China 5.4%, UK4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)
El SalvadorUS 46.3%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 6% (2004)
Equatorial GuineaUS 26.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 21.4%, Spain 13.6%, France8.8%, UK 7.8%, Italy 4.4% (2004)
EritreaIreland 26.6%, US 18.6%, Italy 16.6%, Turkey 6.4% (2004)
EstoniaFinland 22.1%, Germany 12.9%, Sweden 9.7%, Russia 9.2%,Lithuania 5.3%, Latvia 4.7% (2004)
EthiopiaSaudi Arabia 25.3%, US 15.8%, China 6.6% (2004)
European UnionUS 15.1%, China 9.7%, Japan 6.7%, Switzerland 5.6%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6%(2004)
Faroe IslandsDenmark 52.8%, Norway 18.3%, Iceland 4.4%, Sweden 4.2%(2004)
FijiAustralia 25.9%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 21.1% (2004)
FinlandGermany 16.2%, Sweden 14.3%, Russia 12.8%, Netherlands 6.3%,Denmark 5.2%, UK 4.6%, France 4.3% (2004)
FranceGermany 19.2%, Belgium 9.9%, Italy 8.8%, Spain 7.4%, UK 7%,Netherlands 6.7%, US 5.1% (2004)
French GuianaFrance 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002 est.)
French PolynesiaFrance 47.6%, New Zealand 8.8%, Singapore 8.4%,Australia 8.3%, US 7.1% (2004)
GabonFrance 43.8%, US 6.3%, UK 5.9%, Netherlands 4% (2004)
Gambia, TheChina 23.7%, Senegal 11.6%, Brazil 5.9%, UK 5.5%,Netherlands 4.5%, US 4.4% (2004)
Gaza StripIsrael, Egypt, West Bank
GeorgiaRussia 14%, Turkey 11%, UK 9.3%, Azerbaijan 8.5%, Germany8.2%, Ukraine 7.7%, US 6% (2004)
GermanyFrance 9%, Netherlands 8.3%, US 7%, Italy 6.1%, UK 5.9%,China 5.6%, Belgium 4.9%, Austria 4.2% (2004)
GhanaNigeria 12.6%, China 11.4%, UK 6.6%, US 6.4%, France 4.9%,Netherlands 4.2% (2004)
GibraltarSpain 19.9%, Russia 18.4%, UK 10.8%, Italy 8.8%, Germany7.5%, US 5.1%, Sweden 4.7%, France 4.2% (2004)
GreeceGermany 13.3%, Italy 12.8%, France 6.4%, Netherlands 5.5%,Russia 5.5%, US 4.4%, UK 4.2%, South Korea 4.1% (2004)
GreenlandDenmark 78.7%, Sweden 11.9%, Norway 2.7% (2004)
GrenadaTrinidad and Tobago 29.6%, US 27.8%, UK 4.8% (2004)
GuadeloupeFrance 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, NetherlandsAntilles 2% (1999)
GuamSingapore 39.5%, South Korea 20.8%, Japan 19%, Hong Kong 9%,Philippines 4.3% (2004)
GuatemalaUS 34%, Mexico 8.1%, South Korea 6.8%, China 6.6%, Japan4.4% (2004)
GuernseyUK (regarded as internal trade)
GuineaCote d'Ivoire 15.5%, France 9%, Belgium 6.1%, China 6%, SouthAfrica 4.8% (2004)
Guinea-BissauSenegal 44.6%, Portugal 13.8%, China 4.2% (2004)
GuyanaTrinidad and Tobago 24.8%, US 24.5%, Cuba 6.8%, UK 5.4% (2004)
HaitiUS 34.8%, Netherlands Antilles 18%, Malaysia 5.1%, Colombia4.7% (2004)
HondurasUS 37.5%, Guatemala 6.9%, Mexico 5.4%, Costa Rica 4.3%, ElSalvador 4% (2004)
Hong KongChina 43.5%, Japan 12.1%, Taiwan 7.3%, US 5.3%, Singapore5.3%, South Korea 4.8% (2004)
HungaryGermany 29.2%, Austria 8.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5.5%,Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.8%, France 4.7% (2004)
IcelandGermany 12.3%, US 9.9%, Norway 9.7%, Denmark 7.9%, UK 7.2%,Sweden 6.7%, Netherlands 6% (2004)
IndiaChina 6.1%, US 6%, Switzerland 5.2%, Belgium 4.4% (2004)
IndonesiaSingapore 13.1%, Japan 13.1%, China 8.8%, US 7%, Thailand6%, Australia 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.2%, South Korea 4.2% (2004)
IranGermany 12.8%, France 8.3%, Italy 7.7%, China 7.2%, UAE 7.2%,South Korea 6.1%, Russia 5.4% (2004)
IraqSyria 22.9%, Turkey 19.5%, US 9.2%, Jordan 6.7%, Germany 4.9%(2004)
IrelandUK 35.6%, US 13.8%, Germany 8.9%, Netherlands 4.3%, France4.2% (2004)
IsraelUS 15%, Belgium 10.1%, Germany 7.5%, Switzerland 6.5%, UK6.1% (2004)
ItalyGermany 18%, France 10.9%, Netherlands 5.9%, Spain 4.6%,Belgium 4.4%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2004)
JamaicaUS 38.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.2%, France 5.6%, Japan 4.7%(2004)
JapanChina 20.7%, US 14%, South Korea 4.9%, Australia 4.3%,Indonesia 4.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, UAE 4% (2004)
JerseyUK
JordanSaudi Arabia 19.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 6.8%, US 6.8% (2004)
KazakhstanRussia 34.6%, China 15.4%, Germany 8.2%, France 5.7%,Ukraine 4.6% (2004)
KenyaUAE 12.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.1%, South Africa 8.8%, US 7.7%,India 7.2%, UK 6.7%, China 6.4%, Japan 5% (2004)
KiribatiAustralia 33.6%, Fiji 29.8%, Japan 10.3%, New Zealand 6.9%,France 4.1% (2004)
Korea, NorthChina 32.9%, Thailand 10.7%, Japan 4.8% (2004)
Korea, SouthJapan 20.6%, China 13.2%, US 12.9%, Saudi Arabia 5.3%(2004)
KuwaitUS 12.9%, Germany 11.9%, Japan 7.9%, UK 5.5%, Saudi Arabia5.5%, Italy 5%, France 4.5%, China 4.1% (2004)
KyrgyzstanChina 26.3%, Russia 22.3%, Kazakhstan 17.1%, Turkey 5.4%(2004)
LaosThailand 60.5%, China 10.3%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4% (2004)
LatviaGermany 13.9%, Lithuania 12.2%, Russia 8.7%, Estonia 7%,Finland 6.3%, Sweden 6.1%, Poland 5.4%, Belarus 4.8% (2004)
LebanonItaly 11.2%, France 10.3%, Syria 9.8%, Germany 8.6%, China5.8%, US 5.5%, UK 4.6% (2004)
LesothoHong Kong 46.8%, China 25.5%, South Korea 5.6%, Germany 4.8%(2004)
LiberiaSouth Korea 38.8%, Japan 21.2%, Singapore 12.2%, Croatia5.3%, Germany 4.2% (2004)
LibyaItaly 25.5%, Germany 11%, South Korea 6.1%, UK 5.4%, Tunisia4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2004)
LiechtensteinEU, Switzerland
LithuaniaRussia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%, Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4%(2004)
LuxembourgBelgium 29.8%, Germany 22.6%, China 12.6%, France 12%,Netherlands 4.2% (2004)
MacauChina 44.4%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Japan 9.6%, Taiwan 4.9%,Singapore 4.1%, US 4.1% (2004)
MacedoniaGreece 15.4%, Germany 13.1%, Serbia and Montenegro 10.4%,Slovenia 8.6%, Bulgaria 8.1%, Turkey 6%, Romania 4.7% (2004)
MadagascarFrance 17.2%, China 9.7%, Hong Kong 6.6%, Iran 6.4%,Mauritius 6.2%, South Africa 5.6% (2004)
MalawiSouth Africa 37.3%, India 8.1%, Mozambique 7.7%, Zimbabwe7.2%, Tanzania 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)
MalaysiaJapan 16.1%, US 14.6%, Singapore 11.2%, China 9.9%,Thailand 5.6%, Taiwan 5.5%, South Korea 5%, Germany 4.5%, Indonesia4% (2004)
MaldivesSingapore 24.9%, Sri Lanka 10.6%, UAE 10.3%, India 10.2%,Malaysia 7.6%, Bahrain 5.4% (2004)
MaliFrance 14.5%, Senegal 9.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.6% (2004)
MaltaItaly 25.4%, France 13.1%, UK 12%, Germany 8.9%, US 5.2%,Singapore 4.1% (2004)
Man, Isle ofUK (2000)
Marshall IslandsUS, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China,Philippines (2000)
MartiniqueFrance 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3%(2000)
MauritaniaFrance 14.1%, US 7.6%, China 6.4%, Spain 5.8%, UK 4.6%,Germany 4.3%, Belgium 4.2% (2004)
MauritiusSouth Africa 11.3%, China 9.4%, India 9.3%, France 9.2%,Bahrain 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (2004)
MayotteFrance 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)
MexicoUS 53.7%, China 7%, Japan 5.1% (2004)
Micronesia, Federated States ofUS, Australia, Japan (2000)
MoldovaUkraine 24.6%, Russia 12.2%, Romania 9.3%, Germany 8.5%,Italy 7.4% (2004)
MongoliaRussia 33.3%, China 23.6%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6%, US4.6% (2004)
MontserratUS, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada
MoroccoFrance 18.2%, Spain 12.1%, Italy 6.6%, Germany 6%, Russia5.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, China 4.2%, US 4.1% (2004)
MozambiqueSouth Africa 41.4%, Netherlands 11%, Portugal 3.3% (2004)
NamibiaUS 50%, EU 31% (2001)
NauruAustralia 65.6%, Indonesia 5.4%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.4% (2004)
NepalIndia 46.3%, China 10.8%, UAE 9.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)
NetherlandsGermany 17.9%, Belgium 9.9%, US 7.9%, China 7.4%, UK6.4%, France 4.8% (2004)
Netherlands AntillesVenezuela 51.1%, US 21.9%, Netherlands 5% (2004)
New CaledoniaFrance 40.3%, Singapore 10.9%, Australia 9.1%, NewZealand 4.9% (2004)
New ZealandAustralia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%,Germany 5.2% (2004)
NicaraguaUS 22.6%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Venezuela 8.4%, Guatemala 6.8%,Mexico 5.8%, El Salvador 4.9%, South Korea 4.5% (2004)
NigerFrance 14.4%, US 10.3%, French Polynesia 9.4%, Nigeria 7.8%,Cote d'Ivoire 7.5%, Japan 5.2%, China 5.1%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
NigeriaChina 9.4%, US 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 5.4%,Germany 4.9%, Italy 4% (2004)
NiueNew Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Norfolk IslandAustralia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,Europe
Northern Mariana IslandsUS, Japan (2000)
NorwaySweden 15.7%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.5%, China 5%,US 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.3%, Finland 4.1% (2004)
OmanUAE 21.2%, Japan 16.6%, UK 8.4%, Italy 6%, Germany 5.1%, US4.7% (2004)
PakistanSaudi Arabia 11.6%, UAE 10%, US 9.7%, China 8.4%, Japan6.5%, Kuwait 5.6% (2004)
PalauUS, Guam, Japan, Singapore, South Korea (2000)
PanamaUS 33.3%, Netherlands Antilles 8.1%, Japan 6%, Costa Rica5.7%, Mexico 4.6%, Colombia 4.2% (2004)
Papua New GuineaAustralia 46.4%, Singapore 21.6%, Japan 4.3%, NewZealand 4.2% (2004)
ParaguayBrazil 30.9%, Argentina 23.3%, China 16.6%, US 4% (2004)
PeruUS 30.3%, Spain 11.5%, Chile 7.2%, Brazil 5.4%, Colombia 5.2%(2004)
PhilippinesUS 18.8%, Japan 17.4%, Singapore 7.8%, Taiwan 7.3%,South Korea 6.2%, China 6%, Malaysia 4.5% (2004)
Pitcairn IslandsNA
PolandGermany 24.4%, Italy 7.9%, Russia 7.3%, France 6.7%, China4.6% (2004)
PortugalSpain 29.3%, Germany 14.3%, France 9.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2004)
Puerto RicoUS 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2002 est.)
QatarFrance 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004)
ReunionFrance 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
RomaniaItaly 17.2%, Germany 14.9%, France 7.1%, Russia 6.8%, Turkey4.2% (2004)
RussiaGermany 15.3%, Ukraine 8.8%, China 6.9%, Japan 5.7%,Kazakhstan 5%, US 4.6%, Italy 4.6%, France 4.4% (2004)
RwandaKenya 24.4%, Germany 7.4%, Belgium 6.6%, Uganda 6.3%, France5.1% (2004)
Saint HelenaUK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%,Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)
Saint Kitts and NevisUkraine 44.7%, US 22.1%, Trinidad and Tobago8.8%, UK 6.2% (2004)
Saint LuciaUS 27.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 20.4%, UK 8%, Venezuela7.6%, Finland 7% (2004)
Saint Pierre and MiquelonFrance 37.6%, Canada 25.3%, Ireland 25.2%,Italy 5.1% (2004)
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesUS 37.5%, Trinidad and Tobago21.3%, UK 10.5% (2004)
SamoaNew Zealand 25.1%, Fiji 21.5%, Taiwan 9.1%, Australia 8.9%,Singapore 8.5%, Japan 7.5%, US 4.7% (2004)
Sao Tome and PrincipePortugal 52.3%, Germany 9.5%, US 6%,Netherlands 4.8%, South Africa 4.3%, Belgium 4.1% (2004)
Saudi ArabiaUS 15.3%, Japan 9.8%, Germany 8.1%, China 6.6%, UK 5.7%(2004)
SenegalFrance 24.8%, Nigeria 11.9%, Thailand 6.1% (2004)
Serbia and MontenegroGermany 18.5%, Italy 16.5%, Austria 8.3%,Slovenia 6.7%, Bulgaria 4.7%, France 4.5% (2004)
SeychellesSaudi Arabia 15.5%, Spain 13.3%, France 10.3%, Singapore7%, South Africa 6.8%, Italy 6.7%, UK 4.7% (2004)
Sierra LeoneGermany 14%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.7%, UK 9.1%, US 8.4%,China 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, South Africa 4.1% (2004)
SingaporeMalaysia 15.3%, US 12.7%, Japan 11.7%, China 9.9%, Taiwan5.7%, South Korea 4.3%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)
SlovakiaGermany 26.1%, Czech Republic 21.3%, Russia 9.1%, Austria6.6%, Poland 4.9%, Italy 4.9% (2004)
SloveniaGermany 19.9%, Italy 17%, Austria 14.9%, France 10.2% (2004)
Solomon IslandsAustralia 24.6%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 7.7%,Fiji 4.8%, Papua New Guinea 4.7% (2004)
SomaliaDjibouti 30.1%, Kenya 13.7%, India 8.6%, Brazil 8.5%, Oman4.4%, UAE 4.2% (2004)
South AfricaGermany 14.2%, US 8.5%, China 7.5%, Japan 6.9%, UK6.9%, France 6%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, Iran 5% (2004)
SpainGermany 16.6%, France 15.8%, Italy 8.9%, UK 6.3%, Netherlands4.8% (2004)
Sri LankaIndia 18%, Singapore 8.7%, Hong Kong 7.7%, China 5.7%,Iran 5.2%, Japan 5.1%, Malaysia 4.1% (2004)
SudanChina 13%, Saudi Arabia 11.5%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.1%, India4.8%, Germany 4.5%, Australia 4.1%, Japan 4% (2004)
SurinameUS 26.2%, Netherlands 19.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.5%,Japan 6.6%, China 4.6%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)
SwazilandSouth Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3%(2004)
SwedenGermany 18.7%, Denmark 9.2%, Norway 7.6%, UK 7.5%,Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 6.4%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4% (2004)
SwitzerlandGermany 32.8%, Italy 11.3%, France 9.9%, US 5.2%,Netherlands 5%, Austria 4.3% (2004)
SyriaTurkey 9.4%, Ukraine 8.7%, China 7.8%, Russia 5.4%, SaudiArabia 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
TaiwanJapan 26%, US 13%, China, including Hong Kong 11%, SouthKorea 6.9% (2004)
TajikistanRussia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 14.2%, Kazakhstan 12.8%,Azerbaijan 7.2%, US 6.7%, China 4.8%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)
TanzaniaSouth Africa 13.1%, China 8.1%, India 6.6%, Kenya 5.6%, UAE5.5%, US 4.9%, UK 4.8%, Bahrain 4.1% (2004)
ThailandJapan 23.6%, China 8.6%, US 7.6%, Malaysia 5.8%, Singapore4.4%, Taiwan 4.1% (2004)
TogoChina 25.5%, India 13.3%, France 11.5% (2004)
TokelauNew Zealand (2000)
TongaNew Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US6.3% (2004)
Trinidad and TobagoUS 23.9%, Venezuela 11.5%, Germany 11.2%, Brazil10.7%, Spain 6.4%, Italy 5.1% (2004)
TunisiaFrance 25.1%, Italy 19%, Germany 8.5%, Spain 5.3% (2004)
TurkeyGermany 12.9%, Russia 9.3%, Italy 7.1%, France 6.4%, US 4.8%,China 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)
TurkmenistanUS 11.8%, Russia 9.7%, UAE 9.2%, Ukraine 9%, Turkey8.6%, Germany 8%, France 5%, Georgia 4.6%, Iran 4.5% (2004)
Turks and Caicos IslandsUS, UK
TuvaluFiji 50.2%, Japan 18.1%, Australia 9.6%, China 8%, NewZealand 5.5% (2004)
UgandaKenya 32.3%, UAE 7.3%, South Africa 6.5%, India 5.8%, China5.6%, UK 5.1%, US 4.8%, Japan 4.8% (2004)
UkraineRussia 41.8%, Germany 9.6%, Turkmenistan 6.7% (2004)
United Arab EmiratesChina 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US 6% (2004)
United KingdomGermany 13%, US 9.3%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.6%,Belgium 4.9%, China 4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
United StatesCanada 17%, China 13.8%, Mexico 10.3%, Japan 8.7%,Germany 5.2% (2004)
UruguayArgentina 19.5%, Brazil 19%, Paraguay 12.9%, US 9.2%, China6% (2004)
UzbekistanRussia 26.8%, South Korea 12.6%, US 8%, Germany 7.7%,Kazakhstan 6.3%, China 5.8%, Turkey 5.1%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)
VanuatuTaiwan 24%, Australia 16.5%, Japan 11.4%, Singapore 8.5%,New Zealand 7.2%, Fiji 6.3%, US 4.4% (2004)
VenezuelaUS 28.8%, Colombia 9.9%, Brazil 7%, Mexico 4.1% (2004)
VietnamChina 13.7%, Taiwan 11.3%, South Korea 10.8%, Japan 10.5%,Singapore 10.5%, Thailand 6.2%, Hong Kong 4% (2004)
Virgin IslandsUS, Puerto Rico
Wallis and FutunaFrance 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%
West BankIsrael, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Western SaharaMorocco claims and administers Western Sahara, sotrade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
WorldGermany 9.4%, US 9.3%, China 8.5%, Japan 6.5%, France 4.5%(2004)
YemenUAE 12.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.7%, China 8.8%, France 7.3%, India4.4%, US 4.4%, Kuwait 4.2% (2004)
ZambiaSouth Africa 46.2%, UK 14.2%, UAE 7.1%, Zimbabwe 6% (2004)
ZimbabweSouth Africa 46.9%, Botswana 3.6%, UK 3.4% (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2062 Economic aid - donor
AustraliaODA, $894 million (FY99/00)
AustriaODA, $520 million (2002)
BelgiumODA, $1.072 billion (2002)
CanadaODA, $2 billion (2004)
DenmarkODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
FinlandODA, $379 million (2001)
FranceODA, $5.4 billion (2002)
GermanyODA, $5.6 billion (1998)
Iceland$NA
IrelandODA, $283 million (2001)
ItalyODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)
JapanODA, $7.9 billion (FY03/04)
Korea, SouthODA $334 million (2003)
LesothoODA $4.4 million
LuxembourgODA, $147 million (2002)
NetherlandsODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)
New ZealandODA, $99.7 million
NorwayODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
PortugalODA, $271 million (1995)
Saudi Arabiapledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction ofLebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million forassistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to developmentin Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and softloans to Iraq
SpainODA, $1.33 billion (1999)
SwedenODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
SwitzerlandODA, $1.1 billion (1995)
United Arab Emiratessince its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fundfor Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries(2004)
United KingdomODA, $4.2 billion (2004)
United StatesODA, $6.9 billion (1997)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
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@2063 Constitution
Afghanistannew constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January2004; signed 16 January 2004
Albaniaadopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998
Algeria19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
American Samoaratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967
AndorraAndorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991,approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993
Angola11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yetbeen approved
AnguillaAnguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda1 November 1981
Argentina1 May 1853; revised August 1994
Armeniaadopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995
Aruba1 January 1986
Australia9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Austria1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
Azerbaijanadopted 12 November 1995
Bahamas, The10 July 1973
Bahrainnew constitution 14 February 2002
Bangladesh4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspendedfollowing coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amendedmany times
Barbados30 November 1966
Belarus15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and becameeffective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removingpresidential term limits
Belgium7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 tocreate a federal state
Belize21 September 1981
BeninDecember 1990
Bermuda8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Bhutanno written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 theKing commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers; now awaitingreferendum
Bolivia2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Bosnia and Herzegovinathe Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of theentities also has its own constitution
BotswanaMarch 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Brazil5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands1 June 1977
Brunei29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State ofEmergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1January 1984)
Bulgariaadopted 12 July 1991
Burkina Faso2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991formally adopted; amended April 2000
Burma3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; nationalconvention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution butcollapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not includeparticipation of democratic opposition
Burundi13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a pluralpolitical system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisionalconstitution approved by the parliament which extended thetransition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the newconstitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, andtentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005
Cambodiapromulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroon20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formallyadopted; revised January 1996
Canadamade up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicialdecisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitutionconsists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created afederation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution fromBritain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights andFreedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Cape Verdenew constitution came into force 25 September 1992;underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantiallyincreasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor deJustica)
Cayman Islands1959; revised 1972 and 1992
Central African Republicpassed by referendum 5 December 2004
Chadpassed by referendum 31 March 1996
Chile11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July1989, 1993, and 1997
Chinamost recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Christmas IslandChristmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsCocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23November 1953)
Colombia5 July 1991
Comoros23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Republic of the new constitution adopted 17 July 2003
Congo, Republic of theapproved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands4 August 1965
Costa Rica7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoirenew constitution adopted 4 August 2000
Croatiaadopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Cuba24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
Cyprus16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots nolonger participated in the government; negotiations to create thebasis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and forbetter relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been heldintermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their ownconstitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5May 1985
Czech Republicratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
Denmark5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a majoroverhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and afemale chief of state
Djiboutimultiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September1992
Dominica3 November 1978
Dominican Republic28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
East Timor22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Ecuador10 August 1998
Egypt11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980
El Salvador23 December 1983
Equatorial Guineaapproved by national referendum 17 November 1991;amended January 1995
Eritreaa transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, wasreplaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yetimplemented
Estoniaadopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopiaratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Unionbased on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris,which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951;the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community(EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957;the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and theTreaty of Nice in 2001; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years forratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendumbefore it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat inFrench and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 caused a suspension ofthe ratification process
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Faroe Islands5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fijipromulgated on 25 July 1990; amended on 25 July 1997 to allownonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multipartygovernment mandatory; effective 28 July 1998
Finland1 March 2000
Franceadopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended tocomply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 AmsterdamTreaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term toa five-year term
French Guiana4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
French Polynesia4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabonadopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, The24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten andapproved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January1997
Georgiaadopted 24 August 1995
Germany23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of theunited German people 3 October 1990
Ghanaapproved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar30 May 1969
Greece11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Grenada19 December 1973
Guadeloupe4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
GuamOrganic Act of 1 August 1950
Guatemala31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Guernseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Guyana6 October 1980
Haitiapproved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articlesreinstated March 1989; in October 1991 government claimed to beobserving the constitution; returned to constitutional rule inOctober 1994
Holy See (Vatican City) new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Honduras11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Hong KongBasic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's NationalPeople's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Hungary18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individualsand constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister andalso established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
India26 January 1950; amended many times
IndonesiaAugust 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 andProvisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Iran2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of thepresidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraqinterim constitution signed 8 March 2004; note - theTransitional Administrative Law (TAL) was enacted 8 March 2004 togovern the country until an elected Iraqi Government can draft andratify a new constitution in 2005
Irelandadopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
Israelno formal constitution; some of the functions of aconstitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israelicitizenship law
Italypassed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amendedmany times
Jamaica6 August 1962
Japan3 May 1947
Jerseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan1 January 1952; amended 1974, 1976, 1984
Kazakhstanfirst post-independence constitution adopted 28 January1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Kenya12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued withamendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Kiribati12 July 1979
Korea, Northadopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972,revised again in April 1992, and September 1998
Korea, South17 July 1948
Kuwaitapproved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstanadopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed byPresident AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at theexpense of the legislature
Laospromulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on FundamentalHuman Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which hadsupplemented the constitution
Lebanon23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recentlyCharter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) ofOctober 1989
Lesotho2 April 1993
Liberia6 January 1986
Libya11 December 1969; amended 2 March 1977
Liechtenstein5 October 1921
Lithuaniaadopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg17 October 1868; occasional revisions
MacauBasic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People'sCongress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedoniaadopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendmentsstrengthening minority rights