Equatorial Guinea12 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Eritrea13.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Estonia13.21 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ethiopia15.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
European Union10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA deaths/1,000 population (2005est.)
Faroe Islands8.69 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Fiji5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Finland9.79 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
France9.08 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Guiana4.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
French Polynesia4.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gabon11.72 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gambia, The11.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gaza Strip3.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Georgia9.09 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Germany10.55 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ghana10.84 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Gibraltar9.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greece10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Greenland7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Grenada7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guadeloupe6.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guam4.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guatemala6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guernsey9.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea15.38 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guinea-Bissau16.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Guyana8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Haiti12.34 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Honduras6.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hong Kong5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Hungary13.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iceland6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
India8.28 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Indonesia6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iran5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Iraq5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ireland7.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Israel6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Italy10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jamaica5.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Japan8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jersey9.19 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Jordan2.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan9.46 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kenya14.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kiribati8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, North7.05 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Korea, South6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kuwait2.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Kyrgyzstan7.13 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Laos11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Latvia13.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lebanon6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lesotho25.03 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liberia17.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Libya3.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Liechtenstein7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Lithuania10.92 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Luxembourg8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macau4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Macedonia8.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Madagascar11.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malawi23.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malaysia5.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Maldives7.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mali19.05 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Malta8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Man, Isle of11.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands4.88 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Martinique6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritania12.44 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mauritius6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mayotte7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mexico4.73 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 4.87 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Moldova12.79 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Monaco12.71 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mongolia7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Montserrat7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Morocco5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Mozambique20.99 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Namibia18.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nauru6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nepal9.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands8.68 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Caledonia5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
New Zealand7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nicaragua4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Niger21.33 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Nigeria17.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
NiueNA deaths/1,000 population
Norfolk IslandNA
Northern Mariana Islands2.3 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Norway9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Oman3.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pakistan8.45 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Palau6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Panama6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea7.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Paraguay4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Peru6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Philippines5.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pitcairn IslandsNA
Poland10.01 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Portugal10.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Qatar4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Reunion5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Romania11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Russia14.52 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Rwanda16.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Helena6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis8.47 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Lucia5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Samoa6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
San Marino8.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Saudi Arabia2.62 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Senegal10.6 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro10.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Seychelles6.34 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sierra Leone20.61 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Singapore4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovakia9.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Slovenia10.22 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands3.98 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Somalia16.97 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
South Africa21.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Spain9.63 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sudan9.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Suriname7.16 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
SvalbardNA deaths/1,000 population
Swaziland25.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Sweden10.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Switzerland8.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Syria4.88 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Taiwan6.38 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tajikistan8.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tanzania16.71 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Thailand7.02 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Togo11.8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
TokelauNA
Tonga5.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago9.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tunisia5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkey5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan8.78 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands4.28 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Tuvalu7.22 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uganda12.8 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Ukraine16.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United Kingdom10.18 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
United States8.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uruguay9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan7.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vanuatu7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Venezuela4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Vietnam6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Wallis and FutunaNA deaths/1,000 population
West Bank3.99 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Western SaharaNA deaths/1,000 population
World8.78 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Yemen8.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zambia20.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Zimbabwe24.66 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2067 Military expenditures - dollar figure
Afghanistan$188.4 million (2004)
Albania$56.5 million (FY02)
Algeria$2.48 billion (2004)
Angola$183.58 million (2004)
Antigua and BarbudaNA
Argentina$4.3 billion (FY99)
Armenia$135 million (FY01)
Australia$16.65 billion (2004)
Austria$1.497 billion (FY01/02)
Azerbaijan$121 million (FY99)
Bahamas, TheNA
Bahrain$628.9 million (2004)
Bangladesh$995.3 million (2004)
BarbadosNA
Belarus$176.1 million (FY02)
Belgium$3.999 billion (2003)
Belize$18 million (2003)
Benin$96.5 million (2004)
Bermuda$4.03 million (2001)
Bhutan$13.7 million (2004)
Bolivia$132.2 million (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina$234.3 million (FY02)
Botswana$338.5 million (2004)
Brazil$11 billion (2004)
Brunei$290.7 million (2004)
Bulgaria$356 million (FY02)
Burkina Faso$64.2 million (2004)
Burma$39 million (FY97)
Burundi$38.7 million (2004)
Cambodia$112 million (FY01 est.)
Cameroon$221.1 million (2004)
Canada$9,801.7 million (2003)
Cape Verde$14.1 million (2004)
Central African Republic$15.5 million (2004)
Chad$101.3 million (2004)
Chile$3.42 billion (2004)
China$67.49 billion (2004)
Colombia$3.3 billion (FY01)
Comoros$11.6 million (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the$93.5 million (2004)
Congo, Republic of the$126.5 million (2004)
Costa Rica$64.2 million (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire$180.2 million (2004)
Croatia$620 million (2004)
Cuba$572.3 million (2003)
Cyprus$384 million (FY02)
Czech Republic$2.17 billion (2004)
Denmark$3,271.6 million (2003)
Djibouti$28.6 million (2004)
DominicaNA
Dominican Republic$180 million (1998)
East Timor$4.4 million (FY03)
Ecuador$655 million (2004)
Egypt$2.44 billion (2003)
El Salvador$157 million (2003)
Equatorial Guinea$126.2 million (2004)
Eritrea$151 million (2004)
Estonia$155 million (2002 est.)
Ethiopia$337.1 million (2004)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)NA
Faroe Islands$NA
Fiji$36 million (2004)
Finland$1.8 billion (FY98/99)
France$45,238.1 million (2003)
French Guiana$NA
Gabon$184.8 million (2004)
Gambia, The$1 million (2004)
Gaza StripNA
Georgia$23 million (FY00)
Germany$35.063 billion (2003)
Ghana$49.2 million (2004)
Greece$5.89 billion (2004)
GrenadaNA
Guatemala$201.9 million (2004)
Guinea$56.7 million (2004)
Guinea-Bissau$8.9 million (2004)
Guyana$6.5 million (2003)
Haiti$26 million (2003)
Honduras$100.6 million (2004)
Hong KongHong Kong garrison is funded by China; figures are NA
Hungary$1.08 billion (2002 est.)
Iceland0
India$18.86 billion (2005)
Indonesia$1.3 billion (2004)
Iran$4.3 billion (2003 est.)
Iraq$1.3 billion (FY00)
Ireland$700 million (FY00/01)
Israel$9.11 billion (FY03)
Italy$28,182.8 million (2003)
Jamaica$31.2 million (2003)
Japan$45.841 billion (2004)
Jordan$1.46 billion (2004)
Kazakhstan$221.8 million (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)
Kenya$177.1 million (2004)
KiribatiNA
Korea, North$5,217.4 million (FY02)
Korea, South$16.18 billion (2004)
Kuwait$2,584.5 million (2004)
Kyrgyzstan$19.2 million (FY01)
Laos$10.7 million (2004)
Latvia$87 million (FY01)
Lebanon$540.6 million (2002) (2004)
Lesotho$32.3 million (2004)
Liberia$1.5 million (2004)
Libya$1.3 billion (FY99)
Lithuania$230.8 million (FY01)
Luxembourg$231.6 million (2003)
Macedonia$200 million (FY01/02 est.)
Madagascar$44.6 million (2004)
Malawi$11.1 million (2004)
Malaysia$1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Maldives$41.1 million (2004)
Mali$22.4 million (2004)
Malta$31.1 million (2004)
Marshall IslandsNA
Mauritania$20.8 million (2004)
Mauritius$12.5 million (2004)
Mexico$6.043 billion (2004)
Moldova$8.7 million (2004)
Mongolia$23.1 million (FY02)
Morocco$2,305.6 million (2003)
Mozambique$117.3 million (2004)
Namibia$168.4 million (2004)
NauruNA
Nepal$99.2 million (2004)
Netherlands$9.408 billion (2004)
New Caledonia$NA
New Zealand$1.147 billion (FY03/04)
Nicaragua$32.8 million (2004)
Niger$33.3 million (2004)
Nigeria$544.6 million (2004)
Norway$4,033.5 million (2003)
Oman$252.99 million (2004)
Pakistan$3.848 billion (2004)
PalauNA
Panama$147 million (2004)
Papua New Guinea$16.9 million (2003)
Paraguay$53.1 million (2004)
Peru$829.3 million (2003)
Philippines$805.5 million (2004)
Poland$3.5 billion (2002)
Portugal$3,497.8 million (2003)
Qatar$723 million (FY00)
Romania$985 million (2002)
RussiaNA
Rwanda$50.1 million (2004)
Saint Kitts and NevisNA
Saint LuciaNA
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesNA
SamoaNA
San Marino$700,000 (FY00/01)
Sao Tome and Principe$700,000 (2004)
Saudi Arabia$18 billion (2002)
Senegal$107.3 million (2004)
Serbia and Montenegro$654 million (2002)
Seychelles$12.3 million (2004)
Sierra Leone$13.2 million (2004)
Singapore$4.47 billion (FY01 est.)
Slovakia$406 million (2002)
Slovenia$370 million (FY00)
Solomon IslandsNA
Somalia$18.9 million (2003)
South Africa$3.172 billion (2004)
Spain$9,906.5 million (2003)
Sri Lanka$514.8 million (2004)
Sudan$587 million (2001 est.) (2004)
Suriname$7.5 million (2003)
Swaziland$40.5 million (2004)
Sweden$5.729 billion (2004)
Switzerland$2.548 billion (FY01)
Syria$858 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget datathat may understate actual spending
Taiwan$7.574 billion (2003)
Tajikistan$35.4 million (FY01)
Tanzania$20.6 million (2004)
Thailand$1.775 billion (FY00)
Togo$35.5 million (2004)
TongaNA
Trinidad and Tobago$66.7 million (2003)
Tunisia$356 million (FY99)
Turkey$12.155 billion (2003)
Turkmenistan$90 million (FY99)
TuvaluNA
Uganda$170.3 million (2004)
Ukraine$617.9 million (FY02)
United Arab Emirates$1.6 billion (FY00)
United Kingdom$42,836.5 million (2003)
United States$370.7 billion (FY04 est.) (March 2003)
Uruguay$257.5 million (2004)
Uzbekistan$200 million (FY97)
VanuatuNA
Venezuela$1.687 billion (2004)
Vietnam$650 million (FY98)
West BankNA
Worldaggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remainedat approximately the 1998 level, about three-quarters of a trilliondollars (1999 est.)
Yemen$885.5 million (2003)
Zambia$106.8 million (2004)
Zimbabwe$217 million (2004)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2068 Dependent areas
AustraliaAshmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos(Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonaldIslands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
FranceBassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, FrenchPolynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands,Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis andFutunanote: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
NetherlandsAruba, Netherlands Antilles
New ZealandCook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
NorwayBouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
United KingdomAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory,British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar,Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, SaintHelena and Ascension, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,Turks and Caicos Islands
United StatesAmerican Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island,Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, NavassaIsland, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, VirginIslands, Wake Islandnote: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administeredthe Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into apolitical relationship with all four political units: the NorthernMariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US(effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islandssigned a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compactof Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palauconcluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1October 1994)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2070 Disputes - international
Afghanistanthe UN has been able to repatriate over two millionAfghan refugees but several million more continue to reside in Iranand Pakistan in camps and elsewhere, many at their own choosing;Coalition and Pakistani forces continue to patrol remote tribalareas to control the borders and stem organized terrorist and otherillegal cross-border activities; regular meetings between Pakistaniand Coalition allies aim to resolve periodic claims of boundaryencroachments; occasional conflicts over water-sharing arrangementswith Amu Darya and Helmand River states
Albaniathe Albanian Government calls for the protection of therights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and thepeaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albaniangroups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania,"but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; thousandsof unemployed Albanians emigrate annually to nearby Italy and otherdeveloped countries
AlgeriaAlgeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front andrejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; Algeria's borderwith Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nationhas accused the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; inan attempt to improve relations after unilaterally imposing a visarequirement on Algerians in the early 1990s, Morocco lifted therequirement in mid-2004 - a gesture not reciprocated by Algeria;Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughoutthe Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormantdisputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflectedon its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of aclaim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco
American Samoanone
Andorranone
Angola90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated by 2004, theremaining refugees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo andZambia are expected to return in 2005; many Cabinda exclavesecessionists have sought shelter in neighboring states
Anguillanone
AntarcticaAntarctic Treaty freezes claims (see Antarctic TreatySummary in Government type entry); Argentina, Australia, Chile,France, NZ, Norway, and UK claim land and maritime sectors (someoverlapping) for a large portion of the continent; the US and manyother states do not recognize these territorial claims and have madeno claims themselves (the US and Russia reserve the right to do so);no claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and150 degrees west; several states with territorial claims inAntarctica have expressed their intention to submit data to the UNCommission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend theircontinental shelf claims to adjoining undersea ridges
Antigua and Barbudanone
Arctic Oceansome maritime disputes (see littoral states)
ArgentinaArgentina claims the UK-administered Falkland Islands(Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands inits constitution; it briefly occupied the Falklands in 1982, but in1995 agreed no longer to seek settlement by force; territorial claimin Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims (seeAntarctic disputes); unruly region at convergence ofArgentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering,smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraisingfor extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil andUruguay over Braziliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leavesthe tripoint with Argentina in question
ArmeniaArmenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists inNagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation inEurope (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostlyethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia;about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes inAzerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route throughArmenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border with Turkey remainsclosed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic Armenian groups inJavakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy; tens of thousandsof Armenians emigrate, primarily to Russia, to seek employment
Arubanone
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Atlantic Oceansome maritime disputes (see littoral states)
AustraliaEast Timor and Australia continue to meet but disagreeover how to delimit a permanent maritime boundary and shareunexploited petroleum resources that fall outside the JointPetroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty;East Timor dispute hampers creation of a revised maritime boundarywith Indonesia (see also Ashmore and Cartier Islands dispute);regional states express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration ofa 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime indentification zone; Australiaasserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica (see Antarctica); in2004 Australia submitted claims to UNCLOS to extend its continentalmargin from both its mainland and Antarctic claims
Austrianone
AzerbaijanArmenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists inNagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation inEurope (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostlyethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia;about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes inAzerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route throughArmenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, andRussia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based onequidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifthallocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration indisputed waters; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan ondividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of theCaspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia cannot resolve the alignment oftheir boundary at certain crossing areas
Bahamas, Thehave not been able to agree on the alignment of amaritime boundary with the US; continues to monitor and interdictHaitian refugees fleeing economic privation and political instability
Bahrainnone
Baker Islandnone
Bangladeshdiscussions with India remain stalled to delimit a smallsection of river boundary, exchange 162 miniscule enclaves in bothcountries, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-bordertrade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through theporous border; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence offhigh-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a jointBangladesh-India boundary inspection in 2005 revealed 92 pillars aremissing; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty/PurbashaIsland in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation;Burmese Muslim refugees strain Bangladesh's meager resources
Barbadosin 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed tocompulsory international arbitration that will result in a bindingaward challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad andTobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadianwaters and the southern limit of Barbadian traditional fishing;joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that AvesIsland sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, whichpermits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a largeportion of the Caribbean Sea
Bassas da Indiaclaimed by Madagascar
Belarus1997 boundary treaty with Ukraine remains unratified overunresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishingborder security; boundary with Latvia remains undemarcated but athird of the border with Lithuania was demarcated in 2004
Belgiumnone
BelizeGuatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largelyuninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS isattempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created asmall adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor inCaribbean, joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, andsubstantial US-UK financial package
Benintwo villages remain in dispute along the border with BurkinaFaso; accuses Burkina Faso of moving boundary pillars; much ofBenin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remainsundemarcated, and the states expect a ruling in 2005 from the ICJover the disputed Niger and Mekrou River islands; a joint task forcewas established in 2004 that resolved disputes over and redrew themaritime and the 870-km land boundary with Nigeria, including thesovereignty over seven villages along the Okpara River; a jointboundary commission continues to resurvey the boundary with Togo toverify Benin's claim that Togo moved boundary stones
Bermudanone
Bhutanapproximately 104,000 Bhutanese refugees live in Nepal, 90%of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner forRefugees camps; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indianseparatists
BoliviaChile rebuffs Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore theAtacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, offering insteadunrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile forBolivian natural gas and other commodities
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia andMontenegro have delimited most of their boundary, but sections alongthe Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatiaon several small disputed sections of the boundary
Botswanacommission established with Namibia has yet to resolvesmall residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including theSitungu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswanaresidents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavangohydroelectric dam at Popavalle (Popa Falls); Botswana has builtelectric fences to stem the thousands of Zimbabweans who flee tofind work and escape political persecution; Namibia has longsupported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans betweenBotswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River,thereby de facto recognizing their short, but not clearly delimitedBotswana-Zambia boundary
Bouvet Islandnone
Brazilunruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguayborders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegalnarcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations;uncontested dispute with Uruguay over certain islands in theQuarai/Cuareim and Invernada boundary streams and the resultingtripoint with Argentina; in 2004 Brazil submitted its claims toUNCLOS to extend its maritime continental margin
British Indian Ocean TerritoryMauritius and Seychelles claim theChagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly inMauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right torepatriation since eviction in 1965; the UK resists the Chagossians'demand for an immediate return to the islands; repatriation iscomplicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia thatrestricts access to the largest island in the chain
British Virgin Islandsnone
Bruneiin 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration intheir disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds and negotiations havestalemated prompting consideration of international legaladjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang isin dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zoneencompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 butmakes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" haseased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legallybinding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Bulgarianone
Burkina Fasotwo villages are in dispute along the border withBenin; Benin accuses Burkina Faso of moving boundary pillars;Burkina Faso border regions remain a staging area for Liberia andCote d'Ivoire rebels and an asylum for refugees caught in localfighting; the Ivoirian Government accuses Burkina Faso of shelteringIvoirian rebels
Burmaover half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnicgroups with substantial numbers of kin beyond its borders; despitecontinuing border committee talks, significant differences remainwith Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnicrebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; ethnic Karensflee into Thailand to escape fighting between Karen rebels andBurmese troops, in 2004 Thailand sheltered about 118,000 Burmeserefugees; Karens also protest Thai support for a Burmesehydroelectric dam on the Salween River near the border;environmentalists in Burma and Thailand continue to voice concernover China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on theNujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province; India seeks cooperationfrom Burma to keep Indian Nagaland separatists from hiding in remoteBurmese uplands
BurundiTutsi, Hutu, other conflicting ethnic groups, associatedpolitical rebels, armed gangs, and various government forcescontinue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending theboundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, andUganda in an effort to gain control over populated and naturalresource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, butlocalized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004;although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, asof February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps inwestern Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo
CambodiaSoutheast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance tocheck the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand disputesections of boundary with missing boundary markers and Thaiencroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary withVietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands;Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Viheartemple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; in 2004Cambodian-Laotian and Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commissionsreerect missing markers completing most of their demarcations
CameroonICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land andmaritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission,which continues to meet regularly to resolve differences bilaterallyand have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections ofthe boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; implementation ofthe ICJ ruling on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritimeboundary in the Gulf of Guinea is impeded by imprecisely definedcoordinates, the unresolved Bakassi allocation, and a sovereigntydispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at themouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of theBakasi Peninsula, then agreed, but has yet to withdraw its forceswhile much of the indigenous population opposes cession; onlyNigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission'sadmonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includesChad and Niger
Canadamanaged maritime boundary disputes with the US at DixonEntrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around thedisputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; working toward greatercooperation with US in monitoring people and commodities crossingthe border; uncontested sovereignty dispute with Denmark over HansIsland in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Cape Verdenone
Cayman Islandsnone
Central African Republicabout 30,000 refugees fleeing the 2002civil conflict in the CAR still reside in southern Chad; periodicskirmishes over water and grazing rights among related pastoralpopulations along the border with southern Sudan persist
Chadsince 2003, Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military havedriven about 200,000 Darfur region refugees into eastern Chad; Chadremains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict;Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria andCameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratifythe delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
ChileChile rebuffs Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore theAtacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, offering insteadunrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile toBolivian gas and other commodities; Peru proposes changing itslatitudinal maritime boundary with Chile to an equidistance linewith a southwestern axis; territorial claim in Antarctica (ChileanAntarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims
Chinain 2005, China and India initiate drafting principles toresolve all aspects of their extensive boundary and territorialdisputes together with a security and foreign policy dialogue toconsolidate discussions related to the boundary, regional nuclearproliferation, and other matters; recent talks andconfidence-building measures have begun to defuse tensions overKashmir, site of the world's largest and most militarizedterritorial dispute with portions under the de facto administrationof China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (AzadKashmir and Northern Areas); India does not recognize Pakistan'sceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; about 90,000 ethnicTibetan exiles reside primarily in India as well as Nepal andBhutan; China asserts sovereignty over the Spratly Islands togetherwith Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei;the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South ChinaSea" has eased tensions in the Spratlys but is not the legallybinding "code of conduct" sought by some parties; in March 2005, thenational oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signeda joint accord on marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands;China occupies some of the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnamand Taiwan; China and Taiwan have become more vocal in rejectingboth Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of Senkaku-shoto(Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economiczone in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbonprospecting; certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen rivers are in anuncontested dispute with North Korea and a section of boundaryaround Mount Paektu is considered indefinite; China seeks to stemillegal migration of tens of thousands of North Koreans; in 2004,China and Russia divided up the islands in the Amur, Ussuri, andArgun Rivers, ending a century-old border dispute; demarcation ofthe China-Vietnam boundary proceeds slowly and although the maritimeboundary delimitation and fisheries agreements were ratified in June2004, implementation has been delayed; environmentalists in Burmaand Thailand remain concerned about China's construction ofhydroelectric dams upstream on the Nujiang/Salween River in YunnanProvince
Christmas Islandnone
Clipperton Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaNicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 andagainst Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundaryinvolving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including theArchipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank;dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Los Monjes Islandsnear the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics,guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all of itsneighbors' borders and have created a serious refugee crisis withover 300,000 persons having fled the country, mostly intoneighboring states
Comorosclaims French-administered Mayotte
Congo, Democratic Republic of the heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledge to end conflict but unchecked tribal, rebel, and militia fighting continues unabated in the northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, drawing in the neighboring states of Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda; the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) has maintained over 14,000 peacekeepers in the region since 1999; thousands of Ituri refugees from the Congo continue to flee the fighting primarily into Uganda; 90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated by 2004 with the remainder in the Democratic Republic of the Congo expected to return in 2005; in 2005, DROC and Rwanda established a border verification mechanism to address accusations of Rwandan military supporting Congolese rebels and the DROC providing rebel Rwandan "Interhamwe" forces the means and bases to attack Rwandan forces; the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area
Congo, Republic of theabout 7,000 Congolese refugees fleeinginternal civil conflicts since the mid-1990s still reside in theDemocratic Republic of the Congo; the location of the boundary inthe broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo isindefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area
Cook Islandsnone
Coral Sea Islandsnone
Costa Ricalegal dispute over navigational rights of Rio San Juan onthe border with Nicaragua remains unresolved
Cote d'Ivoirerebel and ethnic fighting against the centralgovernment in 2002 has spilled into neighboring states, driven outforeign cocoa workers from nearby countries, and, in 2004, resultedin 6,000 peacekeepers deployed as part of UN Operation in Coted'Ivoire (UNOCI) assisting 4,000 French troops already in-country;the Ivorian Government accuses Burkina Faso and Liberia ofsupporting Ivorian rebels
Croatiadiscussions continue with Bosnia and Herzegovina overseveral small disputed sections of the boundary; theCroatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which wouldhave ceded most of Pirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia andseveral villages to Croatia, remains un-ratified and in dispute; asa European Union peripheral state, neighboring Slovenia must conformto the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration andcommerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging closecross-border ties with Croatia
CubaUS Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutualagreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease
Cyprushostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de factoautonomous entities, the internationally recognized CypriotGovernment and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served inCyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north andsouth; March 2003 reunification talks failed, but Turkish-Cypriotslater opened their borders to temporary visits by Greek Cypriots; on24 April 2004, the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communitiesvoted in simultaneous and parallel referenda on whether to approvethe UN-brokered Annan Plan that would have ended the thirty-yeardivision of the island by establishing a new "United CyprusRepublic," a majority of Greek Cypriots voted "no"; on 1 May 2004,Cyprus entered the European Union still divided, with the EU's bodyof legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in thenorth
Czech Republicin February 2005, the ICJ refused to rule on therestitution of Liechtenstein's land and property assets in the CzechRepublic confiscated in 1945 as German property; individual SudetenGermans seek restitution for property confiscated in connection withtheir expulsion after World War II
DenmarkIceland disputes the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line;Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the FaroeIslands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continueto study proposals for full independence; uncontested sovereigntydispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel betweenEllesmere Island and Greenland
DjiboutiDjibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with"Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties tovarious factions in Somalia; although most of the 26,000 Somalirefugees in Djibouti who fled civil unrest in the early 1990s havereturned, several thousand still await repatriation in UNHCR camps
Dominicajoins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claimthat Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion underUNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelfover a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Dominican Republicincreasing numbers of illegal migrants from theDominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Ricoto find work
East TimorUN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) hasmaintained about a thousand peacekeepers in East Timor since 2002;East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey,and delimit the land boundary, but several sections of the boundaryespecially around the Oekussi enclave remain unresolved; Indonesiaand East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coralisland of Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which prevents delimitation of thenorthern maritime boundaries; many of 28,000 East Timorese refugeesstill residing in Indonesia in 2003 have returned, but many continueto refuse repatriation; East Timor and Australia continue to meetbut disagree over how to delimit a permanent maritime boundary andshare unexploited potential petroleum resources that fall outsidethe Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor SeaTreaty; dispute with Australia also hampers creation of a southernmaritime boundary with Indonesia
Ecuadororganized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrateacross Ecuador's shared border and caused over 20,000 refugees toflee into Ecuador in 2004
EgyptEgypt and Sudan retain claims to administer the two triangularareas that extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary alongthe 22nd Parallel, but have withdrawn their military presence; Egyptis developing the Hala'ib Triangle north of the Treaty line; sincethe attack on Taba and other Egyptian resort towns on the Red Sea inOctober 2004, Egypt vigilantly monitors the Sinai and borders withIsrael and the Gaza Strip; Egypt does not extend domestic asylum tosome 70,000 persons who identify as Palestinians but who largelylack UNRWA assistance and, until recently, UNHCR recognition asrefugees
El Salvadorin 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones"(disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, butdespite OAS intervention and a further ICJ ruling in 2003, fulldemarcation of the border remains stalled; the 1992 ICJ rulingadvised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulfof Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvadorcontinues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJdecision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca